An electric machine

Abstract

This application relates to the field of electric motors, and more particularly to an electric motor comprising a motor housing, a fan shroud, a motor shaft, a connecting ring, a dividing ring, and a drive bar. The outer wall of the motor housing has multiple heat dissipation fins, which abut against the fan shroud. The dividing ring is located within the air cavity and connected to the motor shaft, with an outer fan blade connected to its outer periphery. The connecting ring is slidably fitted onto the outer periphery of the motor shaft, and an adjusting rod is connected to its outer periphery. The motor housing has air inlet and air outlet holes located on the outer and inner sides of the dividing ring. The adjusting rod has an inlet and an outlet block on its surface near the motor housing. One end of the drive bar is connected to the connecting ring, and the other end of the drive bar extends out of the air cavity and abuts against the surfaces of two adjacent heat dissipation fins that are close to each other. In this application, at low temperatures, the outer fan blades blow air onto the heat dissipation fins, improving the motor's operating efficiency at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the sliding drive bar opens the air inlet and air outlet holes, facilitating air cooling of the internal components of the motor housing, thereby improving the motor's operating efficiency at both low and high temperatures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electric motors, and more particularly to an electric motor. Background Technology

[0002] An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, causing the motor shaft to rotate. During operation, motors are prone to overheating due to overload or poor heat dissipation. This increases the resistance of the internal coils, reduces the current, and consequently lowers the motor's output power and efficiency. However, current electric motors typically include cooling fins on the outside of the motor housing and a cooling fan at the end of the motor. The cooling fins increase the contact area between the motor housing and the air, thus increasing the heat dissipation rate. The cooling fan directs airflow towards the cooling fins, increasing airflow speed and widening the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the motor, further accelerating heat dissipation and improving motor efficiency.

[0003] However, motors are not only used indoors or in shaded environments, but are also frequently used outdoors. When a motor is exposed to sunlight, the surface temperature of the heat dissipation fins will also increase, making the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the motor housing unfavorable for heat conduction and heat dissipation. Moreover, when the motor is in a high-temperature environment, the heat conduction and heat dissipation between the heat dissipation fins and the air is also easily affected, which can easily lead to a decrease in motor efficiency.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, the inventors believe that when the environment in which the motor is located gradually changes from low temperature to high temperature, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the motor gradually decreases, resulting in low heat dissipation efficiency and a reduction in motor efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the working efficiency of the motor when it is in a high-temperature environment, this application provides a motor.

[0006] The electric motor provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: An electric motor includes a motor housing, a fan shroud connected to the motor housing, and a motor shaft rotatably connected to the motor housing. A wind cavity is formed between the fan shroud and the motor housing. One end of the motor shaft extends into the wind cavity. The fan shroud has a vent along the axial direction of the motor shaft. The outer wall of the motor housing has multiple heat dissipation ribs along the circumference of the motor shaft. The heat dissipation ribs abut against the inner wall of the fan shroud away from the surface of the motor housing. The motor also includes a connecting ring, a dividing ring, and a drive bar. The dividing ring is located in the wind cavity and is coaxially fixedly connected to the motor shaft. External fan blades are fixedly connected at equal intervals along the outer circumference of the dividing ring. The side of the external fan blades closest to the vent is the air inlet side. The connecting ring is located on the side of the outer fan blade near the motor housing. The connecting ring is coaxially and slidably sleeved on the outer circumference of the motor shaft. The outer diameter of the connecting ring is smaller than the inner diameter of the dividing ring. An adjusting rod is connected to the outer circumference of the connecting ring. The surface of the motor housing near the adjusting rod is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet that communicate with the interior of the motor housing. The air inlet and the air outlet are located on the outer and inner sides of the dividing ring, respectively. The surface of the adjusting rod near the motor housing has an insert block for slidingly engaging the air inlet and an outlet block for slidingly engaging the air outlet. One end of the drive bar is fixedly connected to the connecting ring, and the other end of the drive bar extends out of the air cavity along the gap formed between the fan cover, the motor housing, and the heat dissipation fins and abuts against the surfaces of two adjacent heat dissipation fins that are close to each other.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, when the motor is in a low-temperature environment, the outer fan blades blow the air entering through the air inlet along the gap between the fan cover, motor housing, and heat dissipation fins toward the heat dissipation fins, thereby accelerating the heat dissipation speed and improving the motor's working efficiency in low-temperature environments.

[0008] When the motor is in a high-temperature environment, the sliding drive bar extending from the air chamber causes the connecting ring to slide, which in turn drives the adjusting rod to slide. This causes the inlet and outlet blocks to disengage from the air inlet and outlet holes, respectively. The air inlet and outlet holes are located on the outer and inner sides of the dividing ring, allowing the air blown by the external fan blades to enter the motor housing through the air inlet hole for cooling, and then be blown out through the air outlet hole. Simultaneously, the surfaces of adjacent cooling fins abut against the drive bar, limiting the rotation of the adjusting rod by restricting the rotation of the drive bar. When the motor gradually enters a low-temperature environment, the drive bar can be slid to allow the inlet and outlet blocks to engage with the air inlet and outlet holes. This allows the air generated by the external fan to continue blowing on the cooling fins outside the motor housing, ensuring better heat dissipation for the motor in both low-temperature and high-temperature environments, thereby improving the motor's operating efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, a sleeve is coaxially rotatably connected to the end of the connecting ring away from the motor housing. Multiple inner fan blades are fixedly connected at equal intervals along the outer circumference of the sleeve. The inner fan blades are located between the inner circumference of the dividing ring and the outer circumference of the sleeve, with the side of the inner fan blades closest to the air outlet being the air outlet side. A connecting cylinder is provided between the dividing ring and the motor shaft. The outer and inner circumferences of the connecting cylinder are fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the dividing ring and the outer circumference of the motor shaft, respectively. Multiple keyways are provided on the surfaces of the connecting cylinder and the sleeve that are close to each other. All keyways are evenly distributed along the circumference of the motor shaft, and key teeth are formed between adjacent keyways. The key teeth on the sleeve are used to slide into the keyways of the connecting cylinder. When the key teeth are embedded in the keyways, both the air inlet and the air outlet are connected to the ventilation cavity and the interior of the motor housing. The drive bar has a groove on its surface near the heat dissipation fin, a first spring is embedded in the groove, and a locking block is slidably embedded in the groove; the heat dissipation fin has a limiting groove that penetrates the heat dissipation fin, one end of the locking block is fixedly connected to the first spring, and the other end of the locking block is used to embed into the limiting groove, and when the locking block is embedded in the limiting groove, the key teeth are embedded into the key groove.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the drive bar slides to drive the connecting ring and the sleeve to slide. When the key teeth on the sleeve slide into the keyway of the connecting sleeve, and because the connecting sleeve is fixedly connected to the motor shaft and the outer fan blade, the motor shaft drives the outer fan blade to rotate, which in turn drives the inner fan blade to rotate. Moreover, the side of the outer fan blade closest to the air outlet is the air inlet side, and the side of the inner fan blade closest to the air outlet is the air outlet side. The outer fan blade blows air into the motor housing, and the inner fan blade draws air into the motor housing to increase the airflow speed, thereby allowing the air that carries away the heat from inside the motor housing to be discharged as quickly as possible, thus improving the motor's heat dissipation efficiency and improving the motor's working efficiency when in a high-temperature environment.

[0011] As the drive bar slides, the locking block is finally inserted into the limiting groove under the elastic force of the first spring, so that the key teeth of the sleeve can remain embedded in the keyway of the connecting cylinder, thereby allowing the inner fan blades to continuously draw air into the motor housing, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency and motor operating efficiency.

[0012] Preferably, the keyway has a guide surface on its groove wall along the circumferential direction of the motor shaft, and the guide surface gradually approaches the guide surface on the groove wall of the adjacent keyway as it moves away from the bottom of the keyway.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the guide surface enables the key teeth of the sleeve to be stably embedded into the keyway of the connecting cylinder, minimizing the probability of the key teeth of the sleeve being stuck by the key teeth of the connecting cylinder, so as to facilitate the key teeth of the sleeve being embedded into the keyway of the connecting cylinder, thereby making it easier for people to operate.

[0014] Preferably, the outer wall of the motor housing is provided with a sliding groove, a second spring is embedded in the sliding groove, and a pusher is fixedly connected to the surface of the drive bar near the motor housing. The pusher is located in the sliding groove, and the side of the pusher near the fan cover abuts against the second spring.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when the sliding drive bar is moved, the pusher plate compresses the second spring until the locking block is embedded in the limiting groove, so that the inner and outer fan blades work simultaneously. When it is necessary to stop the inner fan blade, the locking slot is pushed out of the limiting groove, and the pusher plate and drive bar, based on the elastic force of the second spring, cause the key teeth of the sleeve to disengage from the keyway of the connecting cylinder, thereby stopping the inner fan blade from working, which is convenient for operation.

[0016] Preferably, a conduit is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the motor housing, and the conduit is coaxial with the air inlet.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the duct allows the air entering the motor housing to flow further, facilitating air cooling of the internal components. Simultaneously, it reduces the probability of air immediately entering the motor housing exiting directly through the exhaust vent, ensuring that the air participates more actively in the heat exchange within the motor housing before being exhausted with the added heat, thus improving heat dissipation efficiency and consequently, work efficiency.

[0018] Preferably, a dustproof net is fixedly connected to the periphery of the air inlet and the air outlet away from the air cavity.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solutions, the probability of external dust entering the motor housing is reduced, thereby improving the motor's working efficiency.

[0020] Preferably, the diameters of the air inlet and the air outlet gradually decrease as they move away from the air cavity, and the inner walls of the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively used to fit the surfaces of the insert and the outlet blocks.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when the drive bar moves the connecting ring and adjusting rod to slide, the inlet and outlet blocks can be slidably embedded into the air inlet and outlet holes respectively, reducing the probability of the inlet and outlet blocks being stuck by the motor housing. Simultaneously, since the diameter of the air inlet gradually decreases with distance from the wind wall, the air inlet guides the air blown from the external fan blades towards the air chamber, facilitating airflow into the motor housing and thus dissipating heat from the internal components, thereby improving the motor's operating efficiency.

[0022] Preferably, the adjusting rod has air guide surfaces on both surfaces along the circumference of the connecting ring, and the two air guide surfaces gradually move closer together as they move away from the motor housing.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the resistance of the adjusting rod to the air blowing from the external fan blades is reduced, so that the air can enter the motor housing through the air inlet, thereby improving the working efficiency of the motor.

[0024] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. At low temperatures, the outer fan blades blow air onto the heat dissipation fins, improving the motor's working efficiency at low temperatures. When the temperature changes from low to high, the sliding drive bar can open the air inlet and outlet holes to facilitate air cooling of the internal components of the motor housing, thereby improving the motor's working efficiency at both low and high temperatures. 2. By drawing air from inside the motor housing through the inner fan blades, the air circulation speed inside the motor housing is accelerated, so that the hot air is quickly expelled from the outside of the motor housing, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency and motor working efficiency. 3. The heat dissipation fins limit the drive bar to minimize the probability of the connecting ring rotating and restrict the sliding direction of the drive bar, thereby improving sliding efficiency. The second spring enables the drive bar to automatically reset, making it easier for people to operate. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0028] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of an embodiment of this application, mainly used to illustrate the drive bar.

[0030] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a fractured view of an embodiment of this application, mainly used to show the slide and the second spring.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Motor housing; 11. Housing; 111. Slide groove; 112. Second spring; 12. End cover; 121. Bearing groove; 122. Shaft hole; 123. Air inlet; 124. Air outlet; 125. Dustproof net; 13. Heat dissipation fins; 131. Limiting groove; 14. Guide tube; 2. Fan cover; 21. Air outlet; 22. Air cavity; 3. Motor shaft; 31. Connecting cylinder; 32. Cylindrical shaft; 4. Connecting ring; 41. Adjustment 411. Air guide surface; 42. Inlet insert; 43. Outlet insert; 44. Annular groove; 45. Retaining ring; 5. Dividing ring; 51. Outer fan blade; 6. Sleeve; 61. Cylinder body; 62. Limiting ring; 63. Inner fan blade; 64. Keyway; 641. Guide surface; 65. Key tooth; 7. Drive bar; 71. Connecting bar; 72. Sliding bar; 721. Groove; 722. First spring; 723. Locking block; 73. Push plate; 74. Hand push rod. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-7 This application will be described in further detail.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2This application discloses an electric motor, including a motor housing 1, a fan cover 2, and a motor shaft 3. The motor housing 1 includes a shell 11 and an end cover 12. The shell 11 has a cavity for installing components such as a stator and rotor, and the cavity has an opening. The end cover 12 is bolted to the shell 11 and covers the opening. The surface of the end cover 12 near the shell 11 has a bearing groove 121, in which a rolling bearing is embedded. The bottom of the bearing groove 121 has a shaft hole 122 that penetrates the end cover 12. The motor shaft 3 is rotatably embedded in the inner circumference of the rolling bearing, so that the motor shaft 3 is rotatably connected to the end cover 12, and one end of the motor shaft 3 extends out of the shaft hole 122.

[0035] Reference Figure 2 The outer wall of the housing 11 is integrally formed with multiple heat dissipation ribs 13 along its circumference. The fan cover 2 is sleeved on the surface of the heat dissipation ribs 13 away from the housing 11 and abuts against the heat dissipation ribs 13. A wind cavity 22 is formed between the fan cover 2, the end cover 12, and the housing 11. The surface of the fan cover 2 along the motor shaft 3 is provided with a wind inlet 21 for air inlet and outlet.

[0036] The motor also includes a connecting ring 4 and a dividing ring 5. One end of the motor extending out of the shaft hole 122 is located inside the air cavity 22. A connecting cylinder 31 is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the motor shaft 3. Multiple cylindrical shafts 32 are fixedly connected at equal intervals along the outer periphery of the connecting cylinder 31. The ends of the cylindrical shafts 32 facing away from the connecting cylinder 31 are fixedly connected to the inner peripheral wall of the dividing ring 5. Multiple outer fan blades 51 are fixedly connected at equal intervals along the outer peripheral wall of the dividing ring 5. The side of the outer fan blades 51 near the air outlet 21 is the air inlet side, and the side of the outer fan blades 51 near the end cover 12 is the air outlet side.

[0037] The connecting ring 4 is coaxially slidably sleeved on the outer circumference of the motor shaft 3, and there is a gap between the inner circumference of the connecting ring 4 and the outer circumference of the motor shaft 3. Multiple adjusting rods 41 are fixedly connected at equal intervals along the outer circumference of the connecting ring 4. In this embodiment, there are six adjusting rods 41; in other embodiments, the number of adjusting rods 41 can be five or seven, etc. The adjusting rods 41 are located between the outer fan blade 51 and the end cover 12. Two air-guiding surfaces 411 are provided on the two surfaces of the adjusting rods 41 along the circumference of the connecting ring 4. The two air-guiding surfaces 411 gradually approach and connect as they move away from the end cover 12, so that the projection of the adjusting rod 41 along its own length direction forms an isosceles triangle, thereby reducing the resistance of the adjusting rod 41 to the wind. Three inlet blocks 42 and three outlet blocks 43 are fixedly connected to the surface of each adjusting rod 41 near the end cover 12. The inlet blocks 42 and outlet blocks 43 are located on the outer and inner sides of the radial direction of the dividing ring 5, respectively. Both the insert block 42 and the outlet block 43 are frustoconical in shape, and the diameter of the end of the insert block 42 and the outlet block 43 near the adjusting rod 41 is larger than the diameter of the end of the insert block 42 and the outlet block 43 away from the adjusting rod 41.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3The end cap 12 is provided with an air inlet 123 for the sliding insertion of the insert 42 and an air outlet 124 for the sliding insertion of the outlet 43. When the insert 42 and the outlet 43 are inserted into the air inlet 123 and the air outlet 124, the inner wall of the air inlet 123 is in contact with the surface of the insert 42, and the inner wall of the air outlet 124 is in contact with the surface of the outlet 43. That is, the diameter of the air inlet 123 and the diameter of the air outlet 124 gradually decrease as they move away from the air cavity 22. A dustproof mesh 125 is fixedly connected to the inner periphery of the air inlet 123 and the air outlet 124 away from the air cavity 22 to reduce the probability of dust from the outside of the housing 11 entering the inside of the housing 11.

[0039] Multiple conduits 14 are fixedly connected to the surface of the end cap 12 away from the air cavity 22. The number of conduits 14 is equal to the number of air inlets 123, and one conduit 14 is coaxial with one air inlet 123.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 A sleeve 6 is rotatably connected to the connecting ring 4 on the surface away from the end cap 12. Specifically, the sleeve 6 includes a cylinder 61 and a limiting ring 62. The limiting ring 62 is integrally formed on the outer periphery of the cylinder 61, and the surface of the limiting ring 62 near the end cap 12 is flush with the end face of the cylinder 61. A groove 44 is provided coaxially on the surface of the connecting ring 4 away from the end cap 12. One end of the cylinder 61 and the limiting ring 62 are embedded in the groove 44. A retaining ring 45 is fixedly connected to the groove wall of the groove 44 on the same axis. The inner diameter of the retaining ring 45 is smaller than the outer diameter of the limiting ring 62 to prevent the cylinder 61 from disengaging from the groove 44, so that the sleeve 6 is rotatably connected to the connecting ring 4. The outer diameter of the cylinder 61 is equal to the outer diameter of the connecting cylinder 31. There is a gap between the inner circumferential wall of the cylinder 61 and the motor shaft 3. Multiple inner fan blades 63 are fixedly connected at equal intervals along the outer circumference of the cylinder 61. The inner fan blades 63 are located between the curved surface of the outer circumferential wall of the cylinder 61 and the plane of the inner circumferential wall of the dividing ring 5. The side of the inner fan blade 63 closest to the air outlet 21 is the air outlet side, and the side of the inner fan blade 63 closest to the end cover 12 is the air inlet side.

[0041] Both the cylindrical body 61 and the connecting cylinder 31 have multiple keyways 64 on their adjacent end faces. The keyways 64 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the motor shaft 3, and key teeth 65 are formed between adjacent keyways 64. The key teeth 65 on the cylindrical body 61 are used to slide into the keyways 64 on the connecting cylinder 31, and the key teeth 65 on the connecting cylinder 31 are used to fit into the keyways 64 on the cylindrical body 61, so that when the connecting cylinder 31 rotates, it drives the cylindrical body 61 to rotate, thereby driving the inner fan blade 63 and the outer fan blade 51 to rotate simultaneously. When the key teeth 65 on the cylindrical body 61 are fitted into the keyways 64 on the connecting cylinder 31, the air inlet 123 and the air outlet 124 are both connected to the ventilation cavity 22 and the interior of the housing 11, so that the air blown by the outer fan blade 51 can enter the housing 11, and the inner fan blade 63 can draw out hot air from the housing 11.

[0042] The keyway 64 has a guide surface 641 on the groove wall along the circumferential direction of the motor shaft 3. The guide surface 641 gradually approaches the guide surface 641 on the groove wall of the adjacent keyway 64 from the bottom of the groove away from the keyway 64 until the two guide surfaces 641 are connected, so that the key teeth 65 can be embedded into the keyway 64.

[0043] Reference Figure 5 The motor also includes a drive bar 7, which comprises a connecting bar 71 and a sliding bar 72. One end of the connecting bar 71 is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the connecting ring 4, and the other end of the connecting bar 71 is connected to one end of the sliding bar, with the length direction of the sliding bar perpendicular to the length direction of the connecting bar 71. The other end of the sliding bar extends out of the air cavity 22, and the sliding bar is located between two adjacent heat dissipation fins 13 and abuts against the close surfaces of the heat dissipation fins 13. The sliding direction of the sliding bar is restricted by the heat dissipation fins 13, and the rotation of the connecting ring 4 is also restricted.

[0044] Reference Figure 6 The sliding bar 72 has a groove 721 on its surface near the heat dissipation fin 13. A first spring 722 is embedded in the groove 721, and a locking block 723 is slidably embedded in the groove 721. One end of the locking block 723 is fixedly connected to the first spring 722, and the other end of the locking block 723 extends out of the groove 721. The heat dissipation fin 13 has a limiting groove 131 that penetrates the heat dissipation fin 13 and is used for the locking block 723 to be inserted. When the locking block 723 is not inserted into the limiting groove 131, one end of the locking block 723 abuts against the first spring 722, and the other end of the locking block 723 abuts against the heat dissipation fin 13. As the sliding bar 72 slides until the groove 721 aligns with the limiting groove 131, the end of the locking block 723 away from the first spring 722 slides into the limiting groove 131 under the action of elastic force.

[0045] Reference Figure 7 The outer wall of the housing 11 is provided with a groove 111, and a second spring 112 is embedded in the groove 111. A pusher 73 is fixedly connected to the surface of the sliding strip 72 near the motor housing 1. The pusher 73 is located in the groove 111, and the side of the pusher 73 near the fan cover 2 abuts against one end of the second spring 112. The other end of the second spring 112 abuts against the groove wall of the groove 111. A push rod 74 is fixedly connected to the surface of the sliding strip 72 away from the pusher 73, so that people can push the sliding strip 72 to slide.

[0046] The implementation principle of the motor in this embodiment is as follows: At low temperatures, the air blown by the outer fan blade 51 can be blown from the air cavity 22 to the heat dissipation fins 13 to dissipate heat from the motor. When the motor is exposed to sunlight or in a high-temperature environment, the connecting ring 4 can be driven by sliding the sliding strip 72 to slide the cylinder 61. When the locking block 723 is inserted into the locking groove, the key teeth 65 of the cylinder 61 are inserted into the keyway 64 of the connecting cylinder 31. At this time, the connecting cylinder 31 simultaneously drives the outer fan blade 51 and the inner fan blade 63 to rotate. At the same time, the air inlet 123 and the air outlet 124 are both connected to the ventilation cavity 22 and the interior of the housing 11. Moreover, the side of the outer fan blade 51 closest to the air outlet 21 is the air inlet side, and the side of the inner fan blade 63 closest to the air outlet 21 is the air outlet side, so that air can be blown into the interior of the housing 11 to cool the components inside the housing 11. The dust filter 125 reduces the probability of dust entering the housing 11. After the air entering the housing 11 carries away the heat inside the housing 11, it flows out of the housing 11 through the negative pressure generated by the rotation of the inner fan blade 63, thereby cooling the motor and improving the working efficiency of the motor at high temperatures.

[0047] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An electric motor, comprising a motor housing (1), a fan shroud (2) connected to the motor housing (1), and a motor shaft (3) rotatably connected to the motor housing (1), wherein a wind cavity (22) is formed between the fan shroud (2) and the motor housing (1), one end of the motor shaft (3) extends into the wind cavity (22), and the fan shroud (2) is provided with a vent (21) along the axial direction of the motor shaft (3); the outer wall of the motor housing (1) has a plurality of heat dissipation ribs (13) along the circumferential direction of the motor shaft (3), wherein the surface of the heat dissipation ribs (13) facing away from the motor housing (1) abuts against the inner wall of the fan shroud (2), characterized in that: It also includes a connecting ring (4), a dividing ring (5) and a drive bar (7). The dividing ring (5) is located in the air cavity (22) and is coaxially fixedly connected to the motor shaft (3). The outer periphery of the dividing ring (5) is fixedly connected with an outer fan blade (51) at equal intervals along its own circumference. The side of the outer fan blade (51) closest to the air outlet (21) is the air inlet side. The connecting ring (4) is located on the side of the outer fan blade (51) near the motor housing (1). The connecting ring (4) is coaxially slidably sleeved on the outer circumference of the motor shaft (3). The outer diameter of the connecting ring (4) is smaller than the inner diameter of the dividing ring (5). An adjusting rod (41) is connected to the outer circumference of the connecting ring (4). The surface of the motor housing (1) near the adjusting rod (41) is provided with an air inlet (123) and an air outlet (124) that communicate with the interior of the motor housing (1). The air inlet (123) and the air outlet (124) are located on the outer and inner sides of the dividing ring (5) respectively. The surface of the adjusting rod (41) near the motor housing (1) has an insert block (42) for slidingly inserting into the air inlet (123) and an outlet block (43) for slidingly inserting into the air outlet (124). The drive bar (7) includes a connecting bar (71) and a sliding bar (72). One end of the connecting bar (71) is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the connecting ring (4), and the other end of the connecting bar (71) is connected to one end of the sliding bar (72). The length direction of the sliding bar (72) is perpendicular to the length direction of the connecting bar (71). The other end of the sliding bar (72) extends out of the air cavity (22) along the gap formed between the fan cover (2), the motor housing (1), and the heat dissipation fins (13). 72) Located between two adjacent heat dissipation fins (13) and abutting against the surfaces of the two adjacent heat dissipation fins (13) that are close to each other, the sliding bar (72) can slide and drive the connecting ring (4) to slide through the connecting bar (71) to drive the adjusting rod (41) to slide, so that the inlet block (42) and the outlet block (43) can switch between the open position of being disengaged from the air inlet hole (123) and the air outlet hole (124) and the closed position of being embedded in the air inlet hole (123) and the air outlet hole (124) respectively.

2. An electric machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the connecting ring (4) facing away from the motor housing (1) is coaxially rotatably connected to a sleeve (6). Multiple inner fan blades (63) are fixedly connected at equal intervals along the outer circumference of the sleeve (6). The inner fan blades (63) are located between the inner circumference of the dividing ring (5) and the outer circumference of the sleeve (6), with the side of the inner fan blades (63) closest to the air outlet (21) being the air outlet side. A connecting cylinder (31) is provided between the dividing ring (5) and the motor shaft (3). The outer and inner circumferences of the connecting cylinder (31) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the dividing ring (5) and the outer circumference of the sleeve (6). The outer periphery of the motor shaft (3); the surfaces of the connecting cylinder (31) and the sleeve (6) that are close to each other are provided with multiple keyways (64). All keyways (64) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the motor shaft (3). Key teeth (65) are formed between adjacent keyways (64). The key teeth (65) on the sleeve (6) are used to slide into the keyways (64) of the connecting cylinder (31). When the key teeth (65) are embedded in the keyways (64), the air inlet (123) and the air outlet (124) are connected to the ventilation cavity (22) and the interior of the motor housing (1). The drive bar (7) has a groove (721) on its surface near the heat dissipation rib (13). A first spring (722) is embedded in the groove (721), and a locking block (723) is also slidably embedded in the groove (721). The heat dissipation rib (13) has a limiting groove (131) that penetrates the heat dissipation rib (13). One end of the locking block (723) is fixedly connected to the first spring (722), and the other end of the locking block (723) is used to embed into the limiting groove (131). When the locking block (723) is embedded into the limiting groove (131), the key tooth (65) is embedded into the key groove (64).

3. An electric machine as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that: The keyway (64) has a guide surface (641) on the groove wall along the circumference of the motor shaft (3). The guide surface (641) gradually moves closer to the guide surface (641) on the groove wall of the adjacent keyway (64) as it moves away from the bottom of the keyway (64).

4. An electric machine as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that: The outer wall of the motor housing (1) is provided with a groove (111), and a second spring (112) is embedded in the groove (111). A pusher (73) is fixedly connected to the surface of the drive bar (7) near the motor housing (1). The pusher (73) is located in the groove (111), and the side of the pusher (73) near the wind cover (2) abuts against the second spring (112).

5. An electric machine as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the motor housing (1) is fixedly connected to a conduit (14), and the conduit (14) is coaxial with the air inlet (123).

6. An electric machine as recited in claim 1, characterized by: Dustproof nets (125) are fixedly connected to the inner periphery of the air inlet (123) and the air outlet (124) away from the air cavity (22).

7. An electric machine as recited in claim 2, characterized by: The diameter of the air inlet (123) and the diameter of the air outlet (124) gradually decrease as they move away from the air cavity (22), and the inner walls of the air inlet (123) and the air outlet (124) are respectively used to fit the surface of the insert (42) and the surface of the insert (43).

8. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein: The adjusting rod (41) is provided with air guide surfaces (411) on two circumferential surfaces of the connecting ring (4), and the two air guide surfaces (411) gradually approach each other away from the motor shell (1).

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