Motion conversion and interface devices, systems, and methods for endoscopic valves

Abstract

Various embodiments are generally directed to devices, systems, and methods for controlling fluid flow in endoscope systems, such as endoscopes supporting endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Some embodiments are particularly directed to controlling airflow, waterflow, and / or suction flow through valve wells of endoscope systems. Some embodiments are directed to user interface mechanisms and techniques that enable an operator to interact with and control endoscope valves. Many embodiments are directed to mechanisms and techniques for translating interface input motion into valve control motion. In one or more embodiments, the valve assembly and / or valve interface mechanism may be disposable.

Description

[0001] priority

[0002] This application claims priority under 35 U.S. SC §119 to U.S. Provisional Application Serial Nos. 62 / 994,008, 62 / 994,015, 62 / 994,018, 62 / 994,019, 62 / 994,021 and 62 / 994,024, all filed on March 24, 2020, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure generally relates to the field of medical devices. In particular, this disclosure relates to devices, systems, and methods for controlling flow through a valve well of an endoscope. Background Technology

[0004] Endoscopic procedures are used in medicine to access the interior of the body for diagnosis and / or treatment. Typically, endoscopic procedures use an endoscope to examine or manipulate the interior of hollow organs or cavities. Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, an endoscope is inserted directly into an organ. An endoscope typically includes one or more channels through which one or more fluids can pass. For example, one or more of suction, air, and water can pass through the endoscope. A valve assembly can be configured and used in various ways to control the flow of one or more fluids through the endoscope. In the case of echo-endoscopy or ultrasound endoscopy, fluid control can also be used to inflate and deflate a balloon at the endoscope's tip.

[0005] Taking these factors into account, the devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein can achieve a variety of advantageous results. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In one aspect, this disclosure relates to a medical device including a valve assembly and a valve interface mechanism. The valve assembly may include a main control valve, an air input valve, and an atmospheric valve. The main control valve is configured to control flow between a water input channel, a water output channel, and a balloon channel in a valve well. The air input valve is configured to control flow through the air input channel in the valve well, and the atmospheric valve is configured to control flow through the atmospheric channel. The valve interface mechanism may include a group of one or more biasing members and a user interface mechanism. The user interface mechanism may include a switch coupled to a cam, operable between a first state, a second state, a third state, and a fourth state. The first state may include a valve assembly configured to place the air input channel in fluid communication with the atmospheric channel. The second state may include a valve assembly configured to place the air input channel in fluid communication with an air output channel. The third state may include a valve assembly configured to place the water input channel in fluid communication with the water output channel. The fourth state may include a valve assembly configured to place the water input channel in fluid communication with the balloon channel. In the first state, the air input valve allows flow through the air input channel, and the atmospheric valve allows flow through the atmospheric channel. In the second state, the air inlet valve allows flow through the air inlet channel, and the atmospheric valve blocks flow through the atmospheric valve. In the third state, the main control valve allows flow from the water inlet channel to the water outlet channel, and the air inlet valve blocks flow through the air inlet channel. In the fourth state, the main control valve allows flow from the water inlet channel to the balloon channel, and the air inlet valve blocks flow through the air inlet channel. In different embodiments, a cam can convert the motion of the switcher into linear motion of the main control valve. In some embodiments, the cam may include multiple steps, each of which causes a different amount of linear motion of the main control valve. In some such embodiments, the multiple steps may include a first step corresponding to the second state, a second step corresponding to the third state, and a third step corresponding to the fourth state. In one or more embodiments, the cam may include multiple steps, each of which is configured to seal the atmospheric channel. In many embodiments, the switcher is configured to receive input to operate the user interface to one or more of the first, second, third, and fourth states. In some embodiments, a group of one or more biasing members may include a first biasing member that biases the main control valve toward the top of the valve well. In various embodiments, a group of one or more biasing members may include a second biasing member that connects the main control valve to the air input valve. In some embodiments, a group of one or more biasing members may include a biasing member that biases the air input valve against the air input passage in a third and fourth state. In some embodiments, the biasing member may prevent the air input valve from blocking the air input passage in a first and second state.

[0007] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to a medical device comprising a valve assembly and a user interface mechanism. The valve assembly may include a main control valve, an air input valve, and an atmospheric valve. The main control valve is configured to control flow between a water input channel, a water output channel, and a balloon channel in a valve well. The air input valve is configured to control flow through the air input channel in the valve well, and the atmospheric valve is configured to control flow through the atmospheric channel. The valve interface mechanism may include a group of one or more biasing members and a user interface mechanism, which may include an interface component and a slotted cam operable between a first state, a second state, a third state, and a fourth state. The first state may include a valve assembly configured to place the air input channel in fluid communication with the atmospheric channel. The second state may include a valve assembly configured to place the air input channel in fluid communication with an air output channel. The third state may include a valve assembly configured to place the water input channel in fluid communication with the water output channel. The fourth state may include a valve assembly configured to place the water input channel in fluid communication with the balloon channel. In the first state, the air input valve allows flow through the air input channel, and the atmospheric valve allows flow through the atmospheric channel. In the second state, the air inlet valve allows flow through the air inlet channel, while the atmospheric valve blocks flow. In the third state, the main control valve allows flow from the water inlet channel to the water outlet channel, while the air inlet valve blocks flow through the air inlet channel. In the fourth state, the main control valve allows flow from the water inlet channel to the balloon channel, while the air inlet valve blocks flow through the air inlet channel. In various embodiments, the slotted cam can convert the rotational motion of the interface member into linear motion of the main control valve. Several embodiments may include a cam pin and a linkage that connects the cam pin to the main control valve. In several such embodiments, the cam pin can follow the slotted cam to convert the rotational motion of the interface member into linear motion of the main control valve. One or more transitions from the first state to the second state, the second state to the third state, and the third state to the fourth state can generate tactile feedback via the interface member. In embodiments, the tactile feedback can be generated by different angles of different portions of the slotted cam.

[0008] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to a method. The method may include, based on operation of a valve interface mechanism to a first state, placing an air input passage of a valve well in fluid communication with an atmospheric passage, the valve assembly including a main control valve, an air input valve, and an atmospheric valve, wherein the main control valve includes the air input valve. The method may include, based on operation of the valve interface mechanism to a second state, placing an air input passage in fluid communication with an air output passage of the valve well. The method may include, based on operation of the valve interface mechanism to a third state, placing a water input passage in fluid communication with a water output passage of the valve well. The method may include, based on operation of the valve interface mechanism to a fourth state, placing a water input passage in fluid communication with a balloon passage of the valve well. In some embodiments, the method may include rotating an interface member in a first direction to operate a user interface mechanism to a second state, and rotating the interface member in a second direction to operate the user interface mechanism to a third and / or fourth state. In many embodiments, the method may include rotating the interface member via a cam to adjust one or more valves in an air / water valve assembly. In several embodiments, the method may include operating a lever, a rocker switch, and one or more of the interface member to adjust between one or more of the first, second, third, and fourth states.

[0009] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to a method. The method may include configuring a valve assembly to operate based on an interface member to a first state, placing an air inlet passage of a valve well in fluid communication with an atmospheric passage. The method may include configuring the valve assembly to operate based on an interface member to a second state, placing an air inlet passage in fluid communication with an air outlet passage of a valve well. The method may include configuring the valve assembly to operate based on an interface member to a third state, placing a water inlet passage in fluid communication with a water outlet passage of a valve well. The method may include configuring the valve assembly to operate based on an interface member to a fourth state, placing a water inlet passage in fluid communication with a balloon passage of a valve well. In various embodiments, the method may include rotating the interface member in a first direction to operate the interface member to a third state, and rotating the interface member in a second direction to operate the interface member to a fourth state. In some embodiments, the method may include translating the rotation of the interface member into linear motion of one or more valves in the valve assembly via a cam. In several embodiments, the method may include translating the rotation of the interface member into linear motion of one or more valves in the valve assembly via a slotted cam. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are schematic and not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or substantially identical component is typically represented by a single number. For clarity, not every component is labeled in every drawing, nor is every component of every embodiment shown, where it is not necessary to describe in a way that would enable a person skilled in the art to understand this disclosure. In the drawings:

[0011] Figure 1 A block diagram including an exemplary intake valve assembly according to one or more embodiments described herein.

[0012] Figure 2 A block diagram including an exemplary air / water (AW) valve assembly according to one or more embodiments described herein.

[0013] Figures 3A-3D Aspects of an exemplary intake valve well according to one or more embodiments described herein are illustrated.

[0014] Figures 4A-4E Aspects of an exemplary AW valve well according to one or more embodiments described herein are illustrated.

[0015] Figure 5 An exemplary intake valve assembly according to one or more embodiments described herein is illustrated.

[0016] Figure 6A-8C Various aspects of an exemplary valve in an intake valve assembly according to one or more embodiments described herein are illustrated.

[0017] Figure 9 An exemplary AW valve assembly according to one or more embodiments described herein is illustrated.

[0018] Figure 10A-12C Various aspects of an exemplary valve in an AW valve assembly according to one or more embodiments described herein are illustrated.

[0019] Figure 13 An exemplary AW valve assembly according to one or more embodiments described herein is illustrated.

[0020] Figures 14A-14E Various aspects of an exemplary AW valve assembly according to one or more embodiments described herein are illustrated. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Various embodiments are generally directed to apparatus, systems, and methods for controlling fluid flow in endoscope systems, such as endoscopes supporting endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Some embodiments are particularly directed to controlling airflow, waterflow, and / or suction flow through valve wells of endoscope systems. Some embodiments are directed to user interface mechanisms and techniques that enable an operator to interact with and control endoscope valves. Many embodiments are directed to mechanisms and techniques for translating interface input motion into valve control motion. In one or more embodiments, the valve assembly and / or valve interface mechanism may be disposable. These and other embodiments are described and claimed.

[0022] Some challenges in controlling fluid flow through an endoscope include the susceptibility of unreliable valves to failure. For example, many valves and valve interface mechanisms are fragile and prone to leakage. These problems can be exacerbated when components are designed, constructed, and / or assembled cost-effectively for disposal after a single use. They are also further complicated by wear and tear on reusable components due to repeated use / cleaning cycles. Adding to the complexity, the operation of user interface mechanisms can be confusing, requiring a steep learning curve. For example, precise and non-intuitive maneuvers may be required to accurately control fluid flow. Furthermore, little or no feedback may be provided indicating how a set of valves is arranged. For instance, an operator may not be able to easily discern from the user interface mechanism whether a set of valves is arranged to provide suction to the working channel or the balloon channel. These and other factors can lead to devices, systems, and methods for controlling fluid flow through an endoscope that are difficult to use, inaccurate, inefficient, and unreliable, resulting in limited applicability and / or uncertain outcomes. Such limitations significantly reduce the reliability, ergonomics, and intuitiveness of flow control during endoscopy and the procedures performed with it, leading to reduced usability, adverse outcomes, excessive fatigue, and lost revenue.

[0023] The various embodiments described herein include one or more components of a valve assembly, such as a valve and / or valve interface mechanism, that provide reliable and intuitive control over fluid flow through an endoscope. In several embodiments, the component provides reliable operation while offering sufficient value for single-use (e.g., single-use). In many embodiments, the component provides an accurate and intuitive interface to improve the operator experience. For example, embodiments may utilize one or more up / down, forward / backward, left / right, and rotational interfaces to provide ergonomic and intuitive control over fluid flow through an endoscope. Some such embodiments may include one or more interface elements, such as push / pull switches, bellows, rotary switches, knobs, buttons, and toggle switches. In many embodiments, one or more components may provide / enable tactile feedback. For example, one or more components of a valve interface mechanism may provide tactile or haptic feedback to indicate how a set of valves is arranged (e.g., arranged to allow / block flow between various channels). In some examples, the force applied to the user interface mechanism may vary to indicate transitions between valve states. In various embodiments, tactile feedback may be generated due to contact between different components of the valve assembly, such as due to received input.

[0024] In various embodiments, one or more components may be designed to simplify manufacturability. For example, the positioning of one or more biasing members can simplify component assembly. In these and other respects, the components / techniques described herein can improve operator experience, reduce the learning curve, increase reliability, and / or reduce manufacturing complexity by enabling more efficient and valuable devices, systems, and methods for controlling fluid flow in endoscopic systems. In many embodiments, one or more advantageous features may result in more technical effects and benefits than conventional techniques, including increased capability and improved adaptability.

[0025] This disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting beyond the scope of the appended claims. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0026] Although embodiments of this disclosure may be described with specific reference to particular medical devices and systems (e.g., endoscopes), it should be understood that such medical devices and systems can be used for a variety of medical procedures, including, for example, interventional radiology procedures, balloon angioplasty procedures, thrombolysis procedures, angiography procedures, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures, etc., which require navigation of one or more auxiliary tools in catheter, lumen, or vascular anatomy. The disclosed medical devices and systems can be inserted through different access points and methods, such as percutaneous, endoscopic, laparoscopic, or some combination thereof.

[0027] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprising” and / or “its comprising,” or “including” and / or “its including,” when used herein, specify the presence of the said feature, region, step, element, and / or component, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0028] As used in this article, the term "distal" refers to the end furthest from the medical professional / operator when the device is introduced into the patient, while the term "proximal" refers to the end closest to the medical professional when the device is introduced into the patient.

[0029] Referring now to the accompanying drawings, where similar reference numerals are used to denote similar elements throughout. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth for illustrative purposes to provide a full understanding thereof. However, it will be apparent that new embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form for ease of description. The purpose is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions within the scope of the claims.

[0030] Figure 1 and Figure 2 Block diagrams illustrating exemplary valve assemblies in environments 100, 200 according to one or more embodiments described herein are provided. In some embodiments, one or more components of environment 100 and / or environment 200 may be identical or similar to one or more other components described herein. Environment 100 may include an intake valve assembly 102 having an intake valve well 104, an intake valve assembly 118, and a valve interface mechanism 126. Environment 200 may include an air / water (AW) valve assembly 202 with an AW valve well 204, an AW valve assembly 218, and a valve interface mechanism 226. In one or more embodiments described herein, various components of the intake valve assembly 102 and / or the AW valve assembly 202 may interoperate to provide reliable and intuitive control over fluid flow through an endoscope system. For example, one or more components of valve assemblies 118, 218 and valve interface mechanisms 126, 226 may provide reliable and intuitive control over fluid flow through the intake valve well 104 or the AW valve well 204. In many embodiments, components of a valve assembly may be classified as, belong to, include, or implemented as one or more of a valve well, valve assembly, and valve interface mechanism, and / or interoperate with one or more of a valve well, valve assembly, and valve interface mechanism. For example, a valve interface mechanism may include one or more portions of a valve. Embodiments are not limited in this context.

[0031] In environment 100, the suction valve well 104 may include a suction passage 106, a working passage 108, a balloon passage 114, and an atmospheric passage 116; the suction valve assembly 118 may include a working passage valve 120, a balloon valve 122, and an atmospheric valve 124; and the valve interface mechanism 126 may include a biasing component assembly 128 and a user interface mechanism 130. In different embodiments, the passage of the suction well 104 may be connected to other components of the endoscope system, such as via tubes or conduits. In one or more embodiments described herein, the suction passage 106 may be connected to a suction source, the working passage 108 may be connected to the working passage of an endoscope device (e.g., an endoscope or a component disposed therethrough), and the balloon passage 114 may be connected to the balloon of the endoscope device. In several embodiments, the suction valve assembly 118 and the valve interface mechanism 126 may control the flow of suction air through the suction valve well 104 (e.g., caused by a negative pressure relative to atmospheric pressure). In several such embodiments, the flow of air from one of the working channel 108, the balloon channel 114, and the atmospheric channel 116 to the inhalation channel 106 can be controlled.

[0032] In environment 200, AW valve well 204 may include an air inlet channel 206, a water inlet channel 208, an air outlet channel 210, a water outlet channel 212, a balloon channel 214, and an atmosphere channel 216; AW valve assembly 218 may include a main control valve 220, an air inlet valve 222, and an atmosphere valve 224; and valve interface mechanism 226 may include a biasing component assembly 228 and a user interface mechanism 230. In various embodiments, the channels of AW well 204 may be connected to other components of the endoscope system, such as via tubes or pipes. In one or more embodiments described herein, air inlet channel 206 may be connected to a pressurized air source, water inlet channel 208 may be connected to a water source, air outlet channel 210 may be connected to the air channel of the endoscope device (e.g., the endoscope or a component disposed therethrough), water outlet channel 212 may be connected to the water channel of the endoscope device, and balloon channel 214 may be connected to the balloon of the endoscope device. In several embodiments, the AW valve assembly 218 and valve interface mechanism 226 can control the airflow and waterflow through the AW valve well 204. In several such embodiments, the airflow from the air inlet channel 206 to one of the air outlet channel 210 and the atmospheric channel 216 can be controlled or blocked, and / or the waterflow from the water inlet channel 208 to one of the water outlet channel 212 and the balloon channel 214 can be controlled or blocked.

[0033] In many embodiments, the inhalation valve assembly 102 and / or the AW valve assembly 202 may be used with an endoscope system, such as an EUS system. In various embodiments, references to a balloon may refer to a balloon in an EUS system that can be inflated / deflated to provide a medium to facilitate the transmission of sound waves and the capture of ultrasound images. For example, valve interface mechanism 126 may receive input to control flow through the inhalation valve well 104, thereby deflating the balloon by arranging the inhalation valve assembly 118 to place the inhalation passage 106 in fluid communication with the balloon passage 114. In another example, valve interface mechanism 226 may receive input to control water flow through the AW valve well, thereby inflating the balloon by arranging the AW valve assembly 218 to place the water input passage 208 in fluid communication with the balloon passage 214. In other embodiments, one or more components of the valve assembly for AW and / or inhalation, such as a mirror with ultrasound capabilities supporting video, may be implemented in a configuration that does not require or include a balloon.

[0034] More generally, in several embodiments, each passage in the valve well may refer to a flow path including fluid input / output to / from the corresponding entity. For example, suction passage 106 may refer to a flow path including input from a suction source. In another example, atmospheric passage may refer to a flow path including output to the atmosphere. These and other aspects of this disclosure will be described in detail below, such as regarding Figures 3A-4E In different embodiments, each valve in the valve assembly may refer to a component that physically controls flow through one or more channels or between channels. For example, when closed, atmospheric valve 124 may block airflow from atmospheric channel 116. In another example, in a first position or first state, main control valve 220 may place water inlet channel 208 in fluid communication with water outlet channel 212, while in a second position, main control valve 220 may place water inlet channel 208 in fluid communication with balloon channel 214. These and other aspects of this disclosure will be described in more detail below, such as regarding Figure 5-12C .

[0035] In various embodiments, the valve interface mechanism may include one or more components capable of controlling the arrangement of valves in a valve assembly. In such embodiments, the biasing member assembly may include one or more of torsion springs, lever springs, coil springs, baffles, dampers, clips, etc., which provide force to bias one or more components in a particular orientation or position. For example, biasing member assembly 228 may allow air to flow out of an atmospheric passage when no input is received. In an additional or alternative example, biasing member assembly 128 may provide different resistance to the operation of user interface mechanism 130 between different states, such as providing tactile indication of the state. In various embodiments, each of user interface mechanisms 130, 230 may include one or more of an interface, interface component, user interface, housing, linkage, knob, lever, rocker switch, push / pull switch, knob, button, diaphragm switch, toggle switch, etc. In some embodiments, the interface, interface component, and / or user interface may be the same or similar.

[0036] In several embodiments, the user interface mechanism may include one or more components for receiving input and / or implementing valve arrangements. For example, user interface mechanism 130 may include a user interface consisting of a lever and one or more linkages to translate movement of the lever into appropriate movement of one or more valves to achieve desired flow. In different embodiments, the user interface mechanism may include one or more biasing members and / or the biasing members may include one or more user interface mechanisms. It is understood that one or more components described herein in the context of an intake valve assembly may be used or adapted for use in an AW valve assembly, and vice versa, without departing from the scope of this disclosure. For example, a rotary user interface mechanism described relative to an intake valve interface mechanism may be used or adapted for an AW valve interface mechanism. These and other aspects of this disclosure will be described in more detail below.

[0037] Figures 3A-4E Exemplary valve well block diagrams in environments 300A-D, 400A-E according to one or more embodiments described herein are illustrated. In some embodiments, Figures 3A-4E One or more components may be identical or similar to one or more other components described herein. Environments 300A-D illustrate an intake valve well 304, which includes an intake passage 306, a working passage 308, a balloon passage 314, and an atmospheric passage 315. Environments 400A-E illustrate an AW valve well 404, which includes an air inlet passage 406, a water inlet passage 408, an air outlet passage 210, a water outlet passage 212, a balloon passage 214, and an atmospheric passage 216. In one or more embodiments described herein, fluid may flow through the valve well based on an arrangement of one or more valves positioned via one or more valve interface mechanisms. Embodiments are not limited in this context.

[0038] refer to Figure 3A Environment 300A illustrates the components of the intake valve well 304. The intake valve well 304 may include a top 345 and a bottom 335. The intake passage 306, the working passage 308, and the balloon passage 314 may include respective inlets / outlets facing the bottom 355, while the atmospheric passage 316 may include an inlet facing the top 345. In the illustrated embodiment, the balloon passage 314 includes a necked portion 334, the working passage 308 includes a well radial aperture 336, and the atmospheric passage 316 includes an edge 332. In one or more embodiments, the necked portion 334 allows the valve to prevent fluid flow through the balloon passage 314, such as by blocking passage through the necked portion 334. In several embodiments, the well radial aperture 336 allows the working passage 308 to be in fluid communication with the suction passage 306. In several embodiments, the edge 332 allows one or more intake valve assemblies and / or valve interface mechanisms to be coupled to the intake valve well 304. In many embodiments, the valve and / or valve interface mechanism may be inserted through atmospheric passage 316 to assemble the intake valve assembly. It will be understood that one or more passages and / or the direction and / or arrangement of flow may be modified in various embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0039] Reference Figure 3B Environment 300B describes the flow 338-1 through the suction valve well 304 in atmospheric suction state 305-1. In atmospheric suction state 305-1, flow 338-1 can enter via atmospheric passage 316 and exit via suction passage 306. For example, suction passage 306 can be an input in the handle of a medical endoscope connected to a vacuum system (such as for hospitals, homes, and / or mobile devices).

[0040] Furthermore, in some embodiments, flow may be blocked at the necking portion 334 through the balloon passage 314, and flow may be blocked at the well radial orifice 336 through the working passage 308. As will be discussed in detail below, in operation, fluid communication with the atmosphere may be provided or established by one or more components (e.g., a valve inserted into the atmospheric passage 316) through a passage / channel. Additionally, one or more components may be used to seal portions of the atmospheric passage 316 to block fluid communication with the atmosphere via an atmospheric valve.

[0041] Reference Figure 3CEnvironment 300C illustrates the flow 338-2 through the intake valve well 304 in the working channel intake state 305-2. In the working channel intake state 305-2, the flow 338-2 can enter via the working channel 308, flow through the well radial orifice 336, and exit through the intake channel 306. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the flow can be blocked through the atmospheric channel 316 by the balloon channel 314 being blocked at the necking portion 334.

[0042] refer to Figure 3D Environment 300D illustrates the flow 338-3 through the intake valve well 304 in the balloon channel intake state 305-3. In the balloon channel intake state 305-3, the flow 338-3 can enter via the balloon channel 314 and exit through the intake channel 306. Furthermore, in several embodiments, the flow can be blocked at the well radial orifice 336 through the working channel 308 and can be blocked through the atmospheric channel 316.

[0043] refer to Figure 4A Environment 400A illustrates various components of the AW valve well 404. The AW valve well 404 may include a top 445 and a bottom 435 and / or an air section 425 and a water section 435. An air outlet passage 410, an air inlet passage 412, and an atmospheric passage 416 may be located in the air section 425. The atmospheric passage 416 may include a horizontal outlet toward the top 345 and an edge 432, the air inlet passage 412 may include a horizontal inlet toward the top 345, and the air outlet passage 410 may include a vertical outlet toward the top. A water inlet passage 408, a water outlet passage 412, and a balloon passage 414 may be located in the water section 435. The balloon passage 414 may include a vertical outlet near the center, the water inlet passage 408 may include a vertical inlet toward the bottom 455, and the water outlet passage 412 may include a vertical outlet toward the bottom 455. In several embodiments, the edge 432 may enable one or more intake valve assemblies and / or valve interface mechanisms to be coupled to the AW valve well 404.

[0044] In several embodiments, the diameter of the AW valve well 404 may be varied once or multiple times. For example, a diameter variation combined with the vertical displacement of the valve can allow flow to surround the valve and through the channels. In the illustrated embodiment, the AW valve well may have a first diameter including an inlet / outlet of air input channel 412 / atmospheric channel 416, a second diameter including an outlet of air output channel 410, a third diameter including an inlet / outlet of water input channel 408 / balloon channel 414, and a fourth diameter including an outlet of water output channel 412. It will be understood that the orientation, size, and / or arrangement of one or more channels and / or fluids may be modified in various embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0045] refer to Figure 4B Environment 400B illustrates the flow 438-1 through the AW valve well 404 in the air escape state 405-1. In the air escape state 405-1, the flow 438-1 can enter via the air inlet channel 406 and exit via the atmospheric channel 416. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the flow through one or more of the balloon channel 414, water inlet channel 408, and water outlet channel 412 can be blocked.

[0046] refer to Figure 4C Environment 400C illustrates the flow 438-2 through the AW valve well 404 in the air delivery state 405-2. In the air delivery state 405-2, the flow 438-2 can enter via the air inlet channel 406 and exit via the air outlet channel 410. Furthermore, in various embodiments, the flow through one or more of the atmospheric channel 416, the balloon channel 414, the water inlet channel 408, and the water outlet channel 412 can be blocked.

[0047] refer to Figure 4D Environment 400D illustrates the flow 438-3 through the AW valve well 404 in the water supply state 405-3. In the water supply state 405-3, the flow 438-3 can enter via the water inlet channel 408 and exit via the water outlet channel 412. Furthermore, in various embodiments, flow through one or more of the balloon channel 414, air outlet channel 410, air inlet channel 406, and atmospheric channel 416 can be blocked. In various embodiments, blocking flow at the air inlet channel 406 may cause pressure to be generated in the water source supplied to the water inlet channel 408. In various such embodiments, pressure in the water source may cause fluid to flow from the water source to the water inlet channel 408.

[0048] Reference Figure 4E Environment 400E illustrates the flow 438-4 through the AW valve well 404 in the balloon-filled state 405-4. In the balloon-filled state 405-4, the flow 438-4 can enter via the water inlet channel 408 and exit through the balloon channel 414. Furthermore, in many embodiments, flow through one or more of the water outlet channel 412, air outlet channel 410, air inlet channel 406, and atmospheric channel 413 can be blocked.

[0049] Figure 5-12C Aspects of exemplary valve assemblies in environments 500, 600A, 600B, 700A, 700B, 800A-C, 900, 1000A, 1000B, 1100A, 1100B, 1200A-C, according to one or more embodiments described herein, are illustrated. In some embodiments, Figure 5-12COne or more components may be identical or similar to one or more other components described herein. Environments 500-800°C illustrate various aspects of the combination of intake valve assembly 518 with one or more components of intake valve well 304. Environments 900-1200°C illustrate various aspects of the combination of AW valve assembly 918 with one or more components of AW valve well 404. In one or more embodiments described herein, fluid may flow through the valve well based on an arrangement of one or more valves positioned via one or more valve interface mechanisms. In many embodiments, the one or more valves described herein may include multiple components configured to control fluid flow through the valve well. Embodiments are not limited in this context.

[0050] refer to Figure 5 Environment 500 illustrates an intake valve assembly 518 associated with intake valve well 304. Intake valve assembly 518 may include a working channel valve 520, a balloon valve 522, and an atmospheric valve 524. Working channel valve 520 may include a working channel valve radial orifice 540 that allows fluid to flow into working channel valve 502 and out from the bottom of working channel valve 520. In several embodiments, working channel valve 520 may be inserted into a working channel of intake valve well 304 to control flow through that channel. Balloon valve 522 may be inserted into a balloon channel of intake valve well 304 to control flow through that channel. Atmospheric valve 524 may be inserted into an atmospheric channel of intake valve well 304 to control flow through that channel. In many embodiments, one or more valves in intake valve assembly 518 may be integrated with one or more portions of the housing and / or valve interface mechanism corresponding to intake valve well 304.

[0051] In one or more embodiments, the atmospheric valve 524 may be configured to be in fluid communication with the atmosphere from within the intake valve well 304. In many embodiments, the atmospheric valve 524 may include an orifice in the housing. In some embodiments, the atmospheric valve 524 may be operated by covering and / or opening the orifice, such as with a finger or other mechanism. In several embodiments, the positioning and / or configuration of the valves in the intake valve assembly 518 may be controlled by one or more components of a corresponding valve interface mechanism. For example, pressing the valve interface mechanism against the first stop may simultaneously close the atmospheric suction via a seal on the bottom surface of the cover and open the working channel suction by pushing down on the center of the working channel valve 520 to align the working channel valve radial orifice 540 with the well radial orifice.

[0052] refer to Figure 6A Environment 600A describes the balloon valve in open state 615-1. In balloon valve open state 615-1, balloon valve 522 allows flow through balloon passage 314 by allowing flow through the constricted portion 334 of balloon passage 314. (See reference...) Figure 6BEnvironment 600B describes the balloon valve sealed state 615-2. In the balloon valve sealed state 615-2, the balloon valve 522 can prevent flow through the balloon passage 314 by blocking flow through the constricted portion 334 of the balloon passage 314. In additional or alternative embodiments, the default state of the balloon valve 522 can be the balloon valve sealed state 615-2, and the balloon valve 522 can be pressed down toward the bottom 355 and the constricted portion 334 to transition to the balloon valve open state 615-1.

[0053] refer to Figure 7A Environment 700A describes the atmospheric valve open state 715-1. In the atmospheric valve open state 715-1, atmospheric valve 524 allows flow through atmospheric passage 316 of intake valve well 304. (Refer to...) Figure 7B Environment 700B describes atmospheric valve sealing state 715-2. In atmospheric valve sealing state 715-2, atmospheric valve 524 prevents flow through atmospheric passage 316. As will be discussed in detail below, in operation, fluid communication with the atmosphere can be provided by, or established by, one or more components through a passage / channel in one or more components. Furthermore, one or more components can be used to seal portions of atmospheric passage 316 to facilitate control of fluid communication with the atmosphere via atmospheric valve 524. In some embodiments, atmospheric valve 524 may include multiple components configured to control fluid communication with the atmosphere.

[0054] Reference Figure 8A Environment 800A describes the first sealing state 815-1 of the working channel valve. In the first sealing state 815-1 of the working channel valve, the working channel valve 520 can prevent flow through the well radial hole 336 by misaligning the working channel valve radial hole 540 with the well radial hole 336, such as by positioning the working channel valve 520 so that the working channel valve radial hole 540 is higher than the well radial hole 336, as described above. Figure 8B Environment 800B describes the working channel valve in open state 815-2. In working channel valve open state 815-2, the working channel valve radial orifice 540 and the well radial orifice 336 can be aligned to allow airflow through the working channel 308. For example, flow can enter through the bottom of the working channel valve 520 and exit through the well radial orifice 336. (Refer to...) Figure 8C The environment 800°C describes the second sealing state 815-3 of the working channel valve. In the second sealing state 815-3 of the working channel valve, the working channel valve 520 can prevent flow through the well radial hole 336 by misaligning the working channel valve radial hole 540 with the well radial hole 336, such as by positioning the working channel valve 520 such that the working channel radial hole 440 is lower than the well radial hole 336.

[0055] Reference Figure 9Environment 900 illustrates an AW valve assembly 918 associated with an AW valve well 404. The AW valve assembly 918 may include a main control valve 920, an air input valve 922, and an atmospheric valve 924. In several embodiments, the main control valve 920 may be inserted into the AW valve well 404 to at least partially control flow through one or more channels of the AW valve well 404. In various embodiments, the air input valve 922 may be inserted into an air input channel of the AW valve well 404 to control flow through that channel. In many embodiments, the atmospheric valve 924 may be inserted into an atmospheric channel of the AW valve well 404 to control flow through that channel. In many embodiments, one or more valves in the AW valve assembly 918 may be integrated with one or more portions of a housing and / or valve interface mechanism corresponding to the AW valve well 404.

[0056] In one or more embodiments, the atmospheric valve 924 may be configured to be in fluid communication with the atmosphere from within the AW valve well 404. In many embodiments, the atmospheric valve 924 may include an orifice in the housing. In some embodiments, the atmospheric valve 924 may be operated by covering and / or uncovering the orifice, for example, with a finger or other mechanism. In several embodiments, the positioning and / or configuration of the valves in the AW valve assembly 918 may be controlled by one or more components of a corresponding valve interface mechanism. In some embodiments, one or more portions of the atmospheric passage 416 may be included in the main control valve 920. In some such embodiments, the atmospheric passage 416 may include one or more passages through at least a portion of the main control valve 920. For example, the atmospheric passage 416 may include an orifice in the top of the main control valve 920 that is in fluid communication with a radial orifice in the main control valve 920 near the air inlet passage 406. In this example, covering the orifice may direct air into the air outlet passage 410 and flow downward along the working passage of the endoscope.

[0057] refer to Figure 10A Environment 1000A describes the atmospheric valve open state. In the open state, atmospheric valve 924 allows flow through the atmospheric passage of valve well 404. (Refer to...) Figure 10B Environment 1000B describes atmospheric valve sealing state 1015-2. In atmospheric valve sealing state 1015-2, atmospheric valve 924 prevents flow through the atmospheric passage of AW valve well 404. As will be discussed in detail below, in operation, fluid communication with the atmosphere can be provided or established through a passage / channel in one or more components (e.g., main control valve 920). Furthermore, one or more components can be used to seal portions of atmospheric passage 316 to facilitate control of fluid communication with the atmosphere via atmospheric valve 924. In some embodiments, atmospheric valve 924 may include multiple components configured to control fluid communication with the atmosphere.

[0058] Reference Figure 11A Environment 1100A describes the air input valve in open state 1115-1. In air input valve open state 1115-1, air input valve 522 allows flow through the air input passage of AW valve well 404. (Refer to...) Figure 11B Environment 1100B describes an air input valve sealing state 1115-2. In air input valve sealing state 1115-2, air input valve 922 prevents flow through the air input passage of AW valve well 404. In some embodiments, sealing the air input passage can cause a fluid source (e.g., a reservoir) to be pressurized, thereby allowing fluid to flow into AW valve well 404 via water input passage 408.

[0059] Reference Figure 12A Environment 1200A describes the main valve sealing state 1215-1. In the main valve sealing state 1215-1, the main control valve 920 prevents flow through one or more of the balloon passage 414, water inlet passage 408, and water outlet passage 412. (Refer to...) Figure 12B Environment 1200B illustrates the main valve's water output state 1215-2. In the main valve's water output state 1215-2, the main control valve 920 can be positioned to block flow through the balloon passage 414 and allow flow from the water inlet passage 408 to the water outlet passage 412. In various embodiments, the main control valve 920 can control flow using a diameter variation in the AW valve well 404. (Refer to...) Figure 12C Environment 1200C illustrates the main valve bladder filling state 1215-3. In the main valve bladder filling state 1215-3, the main control valve 920 can be positioned to block flow through the water output channel 412 and allow flow from the water input channel 408 to the bladder channel 414. In various embodiments, one or more features of the main control valve 920 can operate as a valve with multiple channels. In some embodiments, one or more features of the main control valve 920 may include one or more channels, or one or more portions of channels. For example, the main control valve 920 may include an atmospheric channel 416. Figure 13 An exemplary AW valve assembly 1302 in an environment 1300 according to one or more embodiments described herein is shown. In many embodiments, a cross-sectional view of one or more portions of the AW valve assembly 1302 may be illustrated in the environment 1300. In some embodiments, Figure 13One or more components may be identical or similar to one or more other components described herein. The AW valve assembly 1302 includes an AW valve well 1304, an AW valve group, and a valve interface mechanism. The AW valve well 1304 includes an air inlet passage 1306, a water inlet passage 1308, an air outlet passage 1310, a water outlet passage 1312, a balloon passage 1314, and an edge 1332. The AW valve group may include a main control valve 1320 with an internal passage 1321 and an atmospheric passage 1316, an air inlet valve 1322, and an atmospheric valve 1324. In the illustrated embodiment, the air inlet valve 1322 and the atmospheric valve 1324 may include, or be included in, one or more portions of the valve interface mechanism. The valve interface mechanism includes biasing members 1328-1, 1328-2, a switch 1350, a cam 1352 with the atmospheric valve 1324, a housing 1354, and connecting rods 1364-1, 1364-2. In one or more embodiments described herein, the switch 1350 may be moved to control the flow of fluid through the AW valve assembly 1302, such as by switching between an air escaping state 1305-1, an air delivery state 1305-2, a water delivery state 1305-3, and a balloon filling state 1305-4. Embodiments are not limited in this respect.

[0060] In some embodiments, link 1364-1 may be attached to or included in the main control valve 1320. In various embodiments, air input valve 1322 may be coupled to link 1364-1 via biasing member 1328-1. In many embodiments, link 1364-2 may be located in AW valve well 1304 such that biasing member 1328-2 can push link 1364-1 and bias the main control valve 1320 upward. In several embodiments, the main control valve 1320 may slide up and down via link 1364-2. In the illustrated embodiment, housing 1354 may be coupled to AW valve well 1304 via edge 1332. Housing 1354 may provide rigid mounting points for one or more components of AW valve assembly 1302, such as for rotatable coupling of switch 1350 and cam 1352.

[0061] In many embodiments, cam 1352 can translate the motion of switch 1350 into linear motion of main control valve 1320. In various embodiments, cam 1352 may include a profile with one or more steps, such as for sealing atmospheric passage 1316 and / or moving main control valve 1320 toward the bottom. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, cam 1352 may include three steps or levels, with a first step corresponding to air delivery state 1305-2, a second step corresponding to water delivery state 1305-3, and a third step corresponding to balloon filling state 1305-4. Accordingly, hinged switch 1350 between different positions can cause cam 1352 to contact and / or move main control valve 1320 to switch between air escaping state 1305-1, air delivery state 1305-2, water delivery state 1305-3, and balloon filling state 1305-4. In several embodiments, a spring may be coupled to switch 1350 to bias switch 1350 and thus main control valve 1320 to a particular position or state.

[0062] Referring to air escape state 1305-1, cam 1352 can be positioned to disengage from main control valve 1320, allowing fluid to escape from air input valve 1322 through internal passage 1321 and through the top of main control valve 1320 to the atmosphere via atmospheric passage 1316. With cam 1352 not in contact with main control valve 1320, biasing member 1328-2 can force main control valve 1320 toward the top of AW valve assembly 1302. Furthermore, since biasing member 1328-2 forces main control valve 1320 toward the top of AW valve assembly 1302, biasing member 1328-1 can ensure that air input valve 1322 is in the open state.

[0063] Referring to air delivery configuration 1305-2, the first step of cam 1352 can be positioned to contact the main control valve 1320, such that the first step of cam 1352 acts as an atmospheric valve 1324 and seals the atmospheric passage 1316. In air delivery configuration 1305-2, fluid can flow from air input passage 1306 to air output passage 1310 via internal passage 1321. With the first step of cam 1352 positioned to contact the main control valve 1320, biasing member 1328-2 can force the main control valve 1320 toward the top of AW valve assembly 1302 to facilitate a seal between atmospheric passage 1316 and the first step of cam 1352. Furthermore, the first step of the cam 1352 can only slightly compress the bias member 1328-2 and slightly force the connecting rod 1364-1 downward, so that the bias member 1328-1 can still ensure that the air input valve 1322 is open because the bias member 1328-2 forces the main control valve 1320 toward the top of the AW valve assembly 1302.

[0064] Referring to water supply state 1305-3, the second step of cam 1352 can be positioned to contact the main control valve 1320, such that the second step of cam 1352 acts as an atmospheric valve 1324 and seals the atmospheric passage 1316. Furthermore, contacting the second step of cam 1352 with the main control valve 1320 forces the main control valve 1320 downwards, causing the air input valve 1322 to seal the air input passage 1306 and placing the water input passage 1308 in fluid communication with the water output passage 1312. In water supply state 1305-3, fluid flow from the air input passage 1306 can be blocked by the air input valve 1322, and fluid can flow from the water input passage 1308 to the water output passage 1312. As the second step of cam 1352 is positioned to contact the main control valve 1320, the biasing member 1328-2 forces the main control valve 1320 toward the top of the AW valve assembly 1302 to facilitate a seal between the atmospheric passage 1316 and the second step of cam 1352. Furthermore, the second step of cam 1352 compresses the biasing member 1328-2 and forces the connecting rod 1364-1 downwards, thereby forcing the biasing member 1328-1 downwards to seal the air input passage 1306.

[0065] Referring to balloon inflation state 1305-4, the third step of cam 1352 can be positioned to contact the main control valve 1320, such that the third step of cam 1352 acts as an atmospheric valve 1324 and seals the atmospheric passage 1316. Furthermore, contacting the third step of cam 1352 with the main control valve 1320 forces the main control valve 1320 downwards, causing the air input valve 1322 to seal the air input passage 1306 and placing the water input passage 1308 in fluid communication with the balloon passage 1314. In balloon inflation state 1305-4, fluid flow from the air input passage 1306 can be blocked by the air input valve 1322, and fluid can flow from the water input passage 1308 to the balloon passage 1314. When the third step of cam 1352 is positioned to contact the main control valve 1320, the biasing member 1328-2 can force the main control valve 1320 toward the top of the AW valve assembly 1302 to promote a seal between the atmospheric passage 1316 and the third step of cam 1352. Furthermore, the third step of cam 1352 can compress the biasing member 1328-2 and force the connecting rod 1364-1 downwards, thereby forcing the biasing member 1328-1 to force the air input valve 1322 downwards to seal the air input passage 1306.

[0066] Figures 14A-14E Various aspects of an exemplary AW valve assembly 1402 in an environment according to one or more embodiments described herein are illustrated. In many embodiments, cross-sectional views of one or more portions of the AW valve assembly 1402 may be illustrated in environments 1400A-E. In some embodiments, Figures 14A-14E One or more components may be the same as or similar to one or more other components described herein. The AW valve assembly 1402 includes an AW valve well 1404, an AW valve group, and a valve interface mechanism 1426. In the illustrated embodiment, the AW valve well 1404 is identical to the AW valve well 1304. Therefore, for simplicity, the AW valve well 1404 is shown with fewer components. The AW valve group may include an air input valve 1422 and a main control valve 1420 with an internal passage 1421, an atmospheric passage 1416, and a radial air port 1466. In the illustrated embodiment, the air input valve 1422 may include one or more portions of the main control valve 1420 or the valve interface mechanism 1426, or be included in one or more portions of the main control valve 1420 and / or the valve interface mechanism 1426. The valve interface mechanism 1426 includes a housing 1454, a knob 1456, an interface 1458, a slotted cam 1460, a cam pin 1462, and a connecting rod 1464. In one or more embodiments described herein, knob 1456 can be rotated, such as via interface 1458, to control fluid flow through AW valve assembly 1402. Therefore, in Figures 14A-14E In this context, environment 1400B can describe one or more aspects of the air escaping state, environment 1400C can describe one or more aspects of the air supply state, environment 1400D can describe one or more aspects of the water supply state, and environment 1400E can describe one or more aspects of the balloon filling state. Embodiments are not limited in this respect.

[0067] Referring to environment 1400A, in some embodiments, link 1464 may be attached to or included in main control valve 1420. In various embodiments, air input valve 1422 may be attached to or included in main control valve 1420. In many embodiments, link 1464 may be disposed within internal channel 1421. In other embodiments, internal channel 1421 may be disposed within link 1464. In the illustrated embodiment, housing 1454 may be coupled to AW valve well 1404 via edge 1332. Housing 1454 may provide rigid mounting points for one or more components of AW valve assembly 1402, such as for rotatable engagement of knob 1456.

[0068] In many embodiments, knob 1456 can be rotated to control the position of main control valve 1420 in AW valve well 1404. In many such embodiments, rotating knob 1456 causes cam pin 1462 to follow the profile of slot cam 1460 and forces main control valve 1420 up or down, as will be described in more detail below with respect to environments 1400D and 1400E. In some embodiments, rotating knob 1456, such as via interface 1458, can cause flow to be blocked through one or more of atmospheric passage 1416, internal passage 1421, and radial vent 1466. For example, rotating knob 1456 can block fluid communication between radial vent 1466 and atmospheric passage 1416. In some embodiments, radial vent 1466 may include a plurality of orifices providing access to internal passage 1421.

[0069] In several embodiments, a torsion spring may be coupled to knob 1456 to bias knob 1456 and thus the main control valve 1420 to a specific position. In the illustrated embodiment, knob 1456 is biased such that cam pin 1462 is positioned in the flat portion of the slotted cam 1460. However, in other embodiments, knob 1456 is biased such that cam pin 1462 is on one side or the other side of the slotted cam 1460. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the slotted cam 1460 may take various geometries. For example, the slotted cam 1460 may include flat portions on each side. In another instance, the slotted cam 1460 may include additional angled sections, for example, configured to further raise or lower the main control valve 1420 and / or close the atmospheric passage 1416. In one or more embodiments, the geometry of the slotted cam 1460 may provide tactile feedback. For example, flat portions and / or sections at different angles may provide tactile feedback. For illustrative purposes, an alternative geometry of the slotted cam is included in environments 1400B and 1400C.

[0070] Reference Figure 14B Environment 1400B illustrates the air escape state of the AW valve assembly 1402. In the air escape state, flow 1438-1 can enter through the air inlet channel 1406, pass through the radial vent 1466, enter the internal channel 1421, and exit through the atmospheric channel 1416 at the top of the AW valve assembly 1402. (Refer to...) Figure 14CAn environment of 1400°C can illustrate the air delivery state of the AW valve assembly 1402. In the air delivery state, flow 1438-2 can enter through the air inlet channel 1406, pass through the internal channel 1421 via the radial vent 1466, and exit through the air outlet channel 1410. In various embodiments, the atmospheric passage 1416 can be blocked to transition from the air escape state to the air delivery state. In some embodiments, rotation of the knob 1456 can cause the atmospheric passage 1416 to be blocked. In some such embodiments, the knob 1456 can be pressed down to control the position of the main control valve 1420. In other embodiments, pressing down the knob 1456 can cause the atmospheric passage 1416 to be blocked. In still other embodiments, a finger can be placed on the atmospheric passage 1416 to block it.

[0071] Reference Figure 14D Environment 1400D illustrates various aspects of the AW valve assembly 1402 in the water delivery state. Knobs 1456-1 and 1456-2 illustrate the front and side views of knob 1456, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, clockwise rotation 1480 of knob 1456 forces cam pin 1462 to force main control valve 1420 downward by a first amount. In different embodiments, downward movement of main control valve 1420 can place water inlet passage 1408 in fluid communication with water outlet passage 1412, and / or block flow from air inlet passage 1406 to air inlet valve 1422. In many embodiments, a biasing member can force air inlet valve 1422 against air inlet passage 1406, similar to the... Figure 13 The manner described and illustrated blocks the flow from the air input channel 1406.

[0072] Reference Figure 14E Environment 1400E illustrates various aspects of the AW valve assembly 1402 in the balloon-filled state. Knobs 1456-1 and 1456-2 illustrate the front and side views of knob 1456, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, counterclockwise rotation 1482 of knob 1456 forces cam pin 1462 to move the main control valve 1420 downward by a second amount, which is greater than a first amount. In various embodiments, downward movement of the main control valve 1420 can place the water inlet channel 1408 in fluid communication with the balloon channel 1414 and / or block flow from the air inlet channel 1406 to the air inlet valve 1422. In many embodiments, a biasing member can force the air inlet valve 1422 against the air inlet channel 1406, similar to... Figure 13 The description and explanation are intended to block the flow from the air input channel 1406.

[0073] The medical devices disclosed herein are not limited and may include various medical devices for accessing the body, including, for example, duodenoscopes, catheters, ureteroscopes, bronchoscopes, colonoscopes, arthroscopes, cystoscopes, hysteroscopes, EUS endoscopes, etc. In different embodiments, the valve assembly or components described herein may include one or more of the following: mounting points, mechanical couplings, bearings, seals, O-rings, actuators, valves, diaphragms, gaskets, housings, connectors, structural members, manifolds, ergonomic features (e.g., finger / thumb grooves, padding, grip strength, application of mechanical advantages, etc.), springs, bellows, cantilever bias members, torsional bias members, linear bias members, baffle valves, skirts, fins, discs, channels, cavities, chambers, etc. (e.g., as a single piece or a group of units). In many embodiments, one or more components described herein can be constructed using a variety of equipment, techniques and / or processes, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing, multi-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machines, additive manufacturing, subtractive manufacturing, injection molding, computer-aided design (CAD) programs, path planning programs, machining, forging, casting, etc.

[0074] Based on the content of this disclosure, all the devices and / or methods disclosed and claimed herein can be manufactured and performed without improper experimentation. While the devices and methods of this disclosure have been described in the form of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations may be made to the devices and / or methods of this disclosure, as well as the steps or sequence of steps of the methods of this disclosure, without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of this disclosure. All such similar alternatives and modifications are considered to be within the spirit, scope, and concept of this disclosure as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A medical device, the medical device comprising: A valve assembly, comprising a main control valve, an air input valve, and an atmospheric valve, wherein the main control valve is configured to control the flow between a water input channel, a water output channel, and a balloon channel of a valve well; the air input valve is configured to control the flow through the air input channel of the valve well; and the atmospheric valve is configured to control the flow through the atmospheric channel. A valve interface mechanism, comprising a group of one or more biasing members and a user interface mechanism, the user interface mechanism including a switch coupled to a cam, the switch being operable between a first state, a second state, a third state, and a fourth state, wherein the first state includes the valve group configured to place the air input channel in fluid communication with the atmospheric channel; the second state includes the valve group configured to place the air input channel in fluid communication with the air output channel; the third state includes the valve group configured to place the water input channel in fluid communication with the water output channel; and the fourth state includes the valve group configured to place the water input channel in fluid communication with the balloon channel. In the first state, the air input valve allows flow through the air input channel, and the atmospheric valve allows flow through the atmospheric channel. In the second state, the air input valve allows flow through the air input channel, and the atmospheric valve blocks flow through the atmospheric valve. In the third state, the main control valve allows flow from the water input channel to the water output channel, and the air input valve blocks flow through the air input channel. In the fourth state, the main control valve allows flow from the water input channel to the balloon channel, and the air input valve blocks flow through the air input channel. The cam is configured to convert the motion of the switcher into linear motion of the main control valve; The cam includes multiple steps, each of which causes a different amount of linear movement in the main control valve.

2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of steps includes a first step corresponding to the second state, a second step corresponding to the third state, and a third step corresponding to the fourth state.

3. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the cam includes a plurality of steps, each of which is configured to seal the atmospheric passage.

4. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the switcher is configured to receive input to operate the user interface to one or more of the first state, the second state, the third state, and the fourth state.

5. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the group of one or more biasing members includes a first biasing member that biases the main control valve toward the top of the valve well.

6. The medical device of claim 5, wherein the group of one or more biasing members includes a second biasing member that connects the main control valve to the air input valve.

7. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the group of one or more biasing members includes a biasing member that biases the air input valve against the air input channel in the third state and the fourth state.

8. The medical device of claim 7, wherein the biasing member prevents the air input valve from blocking the air input passage in the first state and the second state.

9. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the group of one or more biasing members includes a biasing member that biases the switcher to the first state.

10. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the medical device includes a housing coupled to the valve well, wherein the switch is rotatably coupled to a mounting point contained in the housing.

11. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the medical device comprises a housing coupled to the edge of the valve well.

12. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the main control valve includes an internal passage, the internal passage including at least a portion of the atmospheric passage.

13. The medical device of claim 1, wherein one or more transitions from the first state to the second state, from the second state to the third state, and from the third state to the fourth state generate haptic feedback via the user interface mechanism.

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