Heat dissipation structure and vehicle with same

Abstract

The application provides a heat dissipation structure and a vehicle with the same, and the heat dissipation structure comprises a battery clamp, and the battery clamp comprises: two first heat dissipation plates which are arranged at intervals, and a fixing space for fixing a battery is formed between the two first heat dissipation plates; a second heat dissipation plate, one end of the second heat dissipation plate is connected with one first heat dissipation plate, and the other end of the second heat dissipation plate is connected with the other first heat dissipation plate; the second heat dissipation plate comprises a heat dissipation plate body for abutting against the battery; the shape of the second heat dissipation plate is variably arranged; wherein the heat dissipation structure has an empty load state separated from the battery and a mounting state after the battery is loaded, when the heat dissipation structure is in the mounting state, the battery is abutted against the first heat dissipation plates at both ends through the deformation of the second heat dissipation plate by pushing the second heat dissipation plate, and the heat dissipation structure solves the problem of poor adhesion between the battery heat exchanger and the battery of the vehicle in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of batteries, and more specifically, to a heat dissipation structure and a vehicle having the same. Background Technology

[0002] Existing vehicle battery cooling systems typically utilize flat-tube heat exchangers. The flat-tube heat exchanger is tightly attached to the battery casing, with a liquid refrigerant or two-phase refrigerant flowing inside. Heat generated by the battery during operation is carried away by the refrigerant through the flat-tube heat exchanger. Since vehicle batteries are mostly cubic with planar outer surfaces, the tightness of the fit between the battery's outer surface and the heat exchanger's outer surface is crucial for battery cooling. If the fit is incomplete, the contact thermal resistance increases at the poorly fitted areas, reducing heat transfer. Existing technologies rarely address the tight fit of the heat exchange surfaces or employ complex structures.

[0003] In existing technologies, to solve the above problems, an arc-shaped structure is used. One side of the arc-shaped structure is placed in the mounting groove, and the other side is tightly attached to the heat exchange flat tube. By squeezing the arc-shaped structure, the resulting rebound force tightly bonds the flat tube and the battery together. Due to the arc-shaped structure and its fixed installation, the entire battery heat dissipation structure is relatively complex. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a heat dissipation structure and a vehicle having the same, in order to solve the problem of poor adhesion between the battery heat exchanger and the battery in existing vehicles.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a heat dissipation structure is provided, comprising a battery clip, the battery clip comprising: two first heat dissipation plates spaced apart from each other, with a fixing space between the two first heat dissipation plates for fixing a battery; a second heat dissipation plate, one end of the second heat dissipation plate being connected to one of the first heat dissipation plates, and the other end of the second heat dissipation plate being connected to the other first heat dissipation plate; the second heat dissipation plate includes a heat dissipation plate body for abutting against the battery; the shape of the second heat dissipation plate is variably configured; wherein the heat dissipation structure has an unloaded state separated from the battery and an installed state after the battery is inserted, when the heat dissipation structure is in the installed state, the battery pushes the second heat dissipation plate, and the deformation of the second heat dissipation plate causes the first heat dissipation plates at both ends to abut against the battery.

[0006] Furthermore, the second heat sink is an arc-shaped plate, and the center of the extension trajectory of the heat sink is located on the side of the heat sink away from the fixed space.

[0007] Furthermore, the second heat sink includes a connecting plate, one end of which is connected to the first heat sink, and the other end of which is connected to the second heat sink. The center of the arc is located on the side of the connecting plate that is close to the fixed space.

[0008] Furthermore, the connecting plate includes: a first connecting segment, which is connected to the first heat sink, and the extension trajectory of the first connecting segment is arc-shaped; and a second connecting segment, one end of which is connected to the end of the first connecting segment away from the first heat sink, and the other end of which is connected to the heat sink body.

[0009] Furthermore, there are two connecting plates. One connecting plate is disposed between one of the two first heat sinks and the heat sink body, and the other connecting plate is disposed between the other of the two first heat sinks and the heat sink body.

[0010] Furthermore, when the heat dissipation structure is in an unloaded state, there is a preset included angle y between the first heat dissipation plate and the heat dissipation plate body; where y≤90°.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat dissipation structure also includes a chassis, which has a groove bottom for supporting the battery and a baffle for limiting the battery. The baffle has a limiting space, and both the first heat dissipation plate and the second heat dissipation plate are disposed within the limiting space of the baffle.

[0012] Furthermore, the baffle includes: two parallel side baffles, both of which are used to limit the first heat sink; a rear baffle, one end of which is connected to one side baffle and the other end of which is connected to the other side baffle; the rear baffle is used to limit the second heat sink; and a front baffle, which is arranged parallel to the rear baffle, and each of the front baffle and the two side baffles has a connecting groove for the first heat sink to pass through, and the two connecting grooves are arranged one-to-one with the two first heat sinks.

[0013] Furthermore, along the extending direction of the front edge, the width of the connecting groove is greater than the thickness of the first heat sink plate.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a heat dissipation structure, which is the heat dissipation structure described above.

[0015] The heat dissipation structure of this invention includes a battery clip, which comprises two spaced-apart first heat dissipation plates with a fixed space between them for fixing the battery; a second heat dissipation plate, one end of which is connected to one of the first heat dissipation plates, and the other end of which is connected to the other first heat dissipation plate; the second heat dissipation plate includes a heat dissipation plate body for contacting the battery; the shape of the second heat dissipation plate is variable; the heat dissipation structure has an unloaded state separated from the battery and an installed state after the battery is installed. When installing the battery, the battery compresses the second heat dissipation plate, and the deformation of the second heat dissipation plate brings the two first heat dissipation plates closer together. The battery then moves further and fully enters the fixed space. Due to the elastic force generated by the deformation of the second heat dissipation plate, the heat dissipation plate body and the outer surface of the battery are tightly bonded together. Simultaneously with the deformation of the second heat dissipation plate, the two first heat dissipation plates move relative to each other around the two ends of the second heat dissipation plate, so that the first heat dissipation plates on both sides also tightly contact the battery. This increases the reliability of the contact between the battery clip and the battery surface, improves the reliability of battery heat dissipation, eliminates the need for a complex structure, and solves the problem of poor contact between the battery heat exchanger and the battery in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a battery clip according to an embodiment of the heat dissipation structure of the present invention is shown.

[0018] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of part I of the heat dissipation structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 A top view of the battery clip of the heat dissipation structure of the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the heat dissipation structure of the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the chassis structure of the heat dissipation structure of the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the heat dissipation structure of the present invention in the installed state is shown;

[0023] Figure 7 A top view of the heat dissipation structure of the present invention in the installed state is shown;

[0024] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the heat dissipation structure of the present invention in an unloaded state is shown.

[0025] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a battery incorporating the heat dissipation structure of the present invention is shown.

[0026] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0027] 100. Fixed space; 10. Battery; 1. First heat sink; 2. Second heat sink; 21. Heat sink body; 22. Connecting plate body; 221. First connecting section; 222. Second connecting section; 3. Chassis; 31. Side flange; 311. Side flange; 312. Rear flange; 313. Front flange; 3131. Connecting groove. Detailed Implementation

[0028] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] See Figures 1 to 9 The heat dissipation structure of this embodiment includes two first heat dissipation plates 1 spaced apart from each other, with a fixing space 100 between the two first heat dissipation plates 1 for fixing the battery 10; a second heat dissipation plate 2, one end of which is connected to one of the first heat dissipation plates 1, and the other end of which is connected to the other first heat dissipation plate 1; the second heat dissipation plate 2 includes a heat dissipation plate body 21 for abutting against the battery 10; the shape of the second heat dissipation plate 2 is variably configured; wherein, the heat dissipation structure has an unloaded state separated from the battery 10 and an installed state after the battery 10 is installed. When the heat dissipation structure is in the installed state, the battery 10 pushes the second heat dissipation plate 2, and the deformation of the second heat dissipation plate 2 causes the first heat dissipation plates 1 at both ends to abut against the battery 10.

[0030] With the above configuration, when installing the battery 10, the battery 10 compresses the second heat sink 2, and the deformation of the second heat sink 2 causes the two first heat sinks 1 to move closer to each other. The battery 10 then moves further and is completely inserted into the fixed space 100. Due to the elastic force generated by the deformation of the second heat sink 2, the heat sink body 21 and the outer surface of the battery 10 are tightly bonded together. While the second heat sink 2 is deformed under pressure, the two first heat sinks 1 move relative to each other around the two ends of the second heat sink 2, so that the first heat sinks 1 on both sides are also tightly bonded to the battery 10. This increases the reliability of the contact between the battery clip and the surface of the battery 10, improves the reliability of heat dissipation of the battery 10, eliminates the need for a complex structure, and solves the problem of poor contact between the battery heat exchanger and the battery in the prior art.

[0031] Specifically, by deforming the second heat sink, the ends of each first heat sink that are away from the second heat sink rotate relative to the second heat sink, so that the two first heat sinks move closer to each other, thereby bringing the two first heat sinks into contact with the battery.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, the change in the shape of the second heat sink 2 refers to the change in the shape of the second heat sink 2 caused by the pressure of the battery.

[0033] In some embodiments, as a preferred implementation, the battery clip is an integral structure, with the first heat dissipation plate 1 and the second heat dissipation plate 2 both being part of the battery clip. The battery clip is formed by pressing a cold plate heat exchanger using a mold. The battery clip is shaped in this way so that the first heat dissipation plate 1 and the second heat dissipation plate 2 are in close contact with the outer wall of the battery, allowing the heat generated by the battery during operation to be reliably transferred to the battery clip. The heat is then carried away by the refrigerant flowing inside the battery clip, ultimately achieving battery heat dissipation.

[0034] In some embodiments, the first heat sink 1 is a flat plate and extends in a straight line, and the second heat sink 2 is adapted to be shaped to fit tightly against the battery 10, and can be arc-shaped or a combination of multiple shapes.

[0035] See Figures 1 to 9 In the heat dissipation structure of this embodiment, the extension trajectory of the heat dissipation plate 21 is arc-shaped, and the center of the extension trajectory of the heat dissipation plate 21 is located on the side of the heat dissipation plate 21 away from the fixed space 100, so that when the battery pushes the second heat dissipation plate 2 to deform, the two first heat dissipation plates 1 move closer to each other.

[0036] In the heat dissipation structure of this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 9 The second heat sink 2 includes a connecting plate 22, one end of which is connected to the first heat sink 1, and the other end of which is connected to the second heat sink 2. At least a portion of the extension trajectory of the connecting plate 22 is arc-shaped, and the center of the arc is located on the side of the connecting plate 22 near the fixed space 100.

[0037] With the above configuration, the first heat sink 1 and the heat sink body 21 are connected by the connecting plate 22, which increases the interaction between the first heat sink 1 and the heat sink body 21, making the first heat sink 1 and the heat sink body 21 fit tightly against the battery 10.

[0038] See Figures 1 to 9 In the heat dissipation structure of this embodiment, the connecting plate 22 includes: a first connecting segment 221, which is connected to the first heat sink 1; and a second connecting segment 222, one end of which is connected to the end of the first connecting segment 221 away from the first heat sink 1, and the other end of which is connected to the heat sink 21.

[0039] In the heat dissipation structure of this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 9 There are two connecting plates 22. One connecting plate 22 is located between one of the two first heat sinks 1 and the heat sink body 21, and the other connecting plate 22 is located between the other of the two first heat sinks 1 and the heat sink body 21.

[0040] See Figures 1 to 9 In the heat dissipation structure of this embodiment, when the heat dissipation structure is in an unloaded state, there is a preset included angle y between the first heat dissipation plate 1 and the heat dissipation plate body 21; wherein, y≤90°.

[0041] In the heat dissipation structure of this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 9 The heat dissipation structure also includes a chassis 3, which has a groove bottom for supporting the battery 10 and a baffle 31 for limiting the battery 10. The baffle 31 has a limiting space, and the first heat dissipation plate 1 and the second heat dissipation plate 2 are both arranged in the limiting space of the baffle 31.

[0042] With the above configuration, the first heat sink 1 and the second heat sink 2 are placed together in the chassis 3. Due to the limiting effect of the baffle 31, the first heat sink 1 and the second heat sink 2 are deformed and rotated, thereby improving the reliability of the fit between the first heat sink 1 and the second heat sink 2 and the battery 10.

[0043] In the heat dissipation structure of this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 9 The baffle 31 includes: two parallel side baffles 311, both of which are used to limit the first heat sink 1; a rear baffle 312, one end of which is connected to one side baffle 311 and the other end of which is connected to the other side baffle 311; the rear baffle 312 is used to limit the second heat sink 2; and a front baffle 313, which is arranged parallel to the rear baffle 312. The front baffle 313 and the two side baffles 311 each have a connecting groove 3131 through which the first heat sink 1 passes, and the two connecting grooves 3131 are arranged one-to-one with the two first heat sinks 1.

[0044] See Figures 1 to 9 In the heat dissipation structure of this embodiment, the width of the connecting groove 3131 is greater than the thickness of the first heat dissipation plate 1 along the extending direction of the front baffle 313.

[0045] The vehicle in this embodiment includes a heat dissipation structure, which is the heat dissipation structure described above.

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] like Figures 6 to 8As shown, in the heat dissipation structure of this embodiment, the battery clip consists of two first heat dissipation plates 1 and a second heat dissipation plate 2, and a base 3. One end of the base 3 has two connecting slots 3131. The width of the connecting slots 3131 is slightly larger than the thickness of the first heat dissipation plate 1. The two first heat dissipation plates 1 are respectively inserted into the corresponding connecting slots 3131. Figure 1 As shown, the battery clip is U-shaped overall, with two first heat dissipation plates 1 parallel to each other, and the middle heat dissipation plate 21 being an inwardly convex arc or irregular shape. The battery clip is formed by bending a cold plate using a mold. Figure 2 As shown in the enlarged view, the cold plate is made of microchannel flat tube. During assembly, the battery clip is first placed into the chassis 3. The heat dissipation plate 21 in the battery clip is close to the groove edge of the chassis 3. The two first heat dissipation plates 1 of the battery clip extend from the connecting groove 3131 of the chassis 3. When the battery 10 is installed, since the length of the internal space formed by the battery clip and the chassis 3 is less than the length of the battery 10, the battery 10 needs to be pushed towards the curved section of the battery clip and squeezed to move the battery forward a small distance before the battery 10 can be installed into the chassis 3. At this time, the second heat dissipation plate 2 is obstructed from moving outward and deforms to generate elastic force, which tightly fits the heat dissipation plate 21 with the side wall of the battery 10.

[0048] Specifically, the movement of the bent section of the battery clamp before and after inserting the battery 10 is X mm. This value is selected so that the elastic force generated by the second heat sink 2 of the battery clamp is sufficient to fit the bottom of the battery 10. While the battery 10 is pressing against the second heat sink 2, the two straight sections of the battery clamp also rotate inward at an angle along the two ends of the bent section. This causes the two first heat sinks 1 of the battery clamp to also fit tightly against the battery 10. The width Z mm of the two notches in the base 3 is slightly larger than the thickness of the two first heat sinks 1, also to accommodate the displacement caused by the two first heat sinks 1 of the battery clamp fitting tightly against the battery 10. In this way, three sides of the U-shaped battery clamp are in close contact with the battery 10. The heat generated by the battery 10 during operation is conducted to the battery clamp tube wall through the tightly fitted walls, and then the heat is carried away by forced convection of the liquid or two-phase refrigerant inside the U-shaped battery clamp. The close contact between the tube walls reduces the contact thermal resistance and ensures the reliability of battery cooling and heat exchange.

[0049] Example 2: To increase the contact area between the heat sink 21 and the battery 10, the heat sink 21 can also be made as follows: Figure 4 The irregular shape shown allows the battery 10 to fit well with all parts except for the two corners of the connecting plate 22, maximizing the contact area of ​​the heat dissipation plate 21 and facilitating heat dissipation of the battery 10.

[0050] After the battery clips and batteries described above are assembled, in order to ensure the fit between the first heat sink 1 and the battery, the included angle between the first heat sink 1 and the heat sink body 21 can be bent into a right angle or an acute angle, such as... Figure 4The value of y ≤ 90° is determined so that the elastic force caused by the deformation of the two first heat sink plates 1 of the battery during assembly is sufficient to tightly adhere to the walls of the battery 10 on both sides.

[0051] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0052] The heat dissipation structure of the present invention includes a battery clip, which includes two first heat dissipation plates 1 spaced apart from each other, with a fixing space 100 between the two first heat dissipation plates 1 for fixing a battery 10; a second heat dissipation plate 2, one end of which is connected to one of the first heat dissipation plates 1, and the other end of which is connected to the other first heat dissipation plate 1; the second heat dissipation plate 2 includes a heat dissipation plate body 21 for abutting against the battery 10; the shape of the second heat dissipation plate 2 is variably configured; wherein, the heat dissipation structure has an unloaded state separated from the battery 10 and an installed state after the battery 10 is installed, when the battery 10 is installed, the battery 10 presses against the second heat dissipation plate 2, and the shape of the second heat dissipation plate 2 is variably configured. The first heat dissipation plates 1 at both ends are brought closer together, and the battery 10 moves further and is completely inserted into the fixed space 100. Due to the elastic force generated by the deformation of the second heat dissipation plate 2, the heat dissipation plate body 21 and the outer surface of the battery 10 are tightly attached together. While the second heat dissipation plate 2 is deformed under pressure, the two first heat dissipation plates 1 move relative to each other around the two ends of the second heat dissipation plate 2, so that the first heat dissipation plates 1 on both sides are also tightly attached to the battery 10. In this way, the reliability of the contact between the battery clamp and the surface of the battery 10 is increased, and the reliability of heat dissipation of the battery 10 is improved. There is no need to set up a complicated structure, which solves the problem of poor contact between the battery heat exchanger and the battery in the prior art.

[0053] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0054] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0055] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0056] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0057] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat dissipation structure, characterized in that, include: Battery clip, the battery clip comprising: Two first heat sinks (1) are spaced apart, and there is a fixing space (100) between the two first heat sinks (1) for fixing the battery (10). A second heat sink (2) has one end connected to one of the first heat sinks (1) and the other end connected to another of the first heat sinks (1); the second heat sink (2) includes a heat sink body (21) for abutting against the battery (10); the shape of the second heat sink (2) can be varied. The heat dissipation structure has an unloaded state separated from the battery (10) and an installed state after the battery (10) is installed. When the heat dissipation structure is in the installed state, the battery (10) pushes the second heat dissipation plate (2), and the deformation of the second heat dissipation plate (2) causes the first heat dissipation plates (1) at both ends to abut against the battery (10). The heat sink (21) is an arc-shaped plate, and the center of the trajectory of the heat sink (21) is located on the side of the heat sink (21) away from the fixed space (100). The second heat sink (2) includes a connecting plate (22), at least a portion of which extends in an arc shape, with the center of the arc located on the side of the connecting plate (22) near the fixed space (100). The connecting plate (22) includes: The first connecting segment (221) is connected to the first heat sink (1); The second connecting segment (222) has one end connected to the end of the first connecting segment (221) away from the first heat sink (1), and the other end connected to the heat sink body (21).

2. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are two connecting plates (22). One connecting plate (22) is disposed between one of the two first heat sinks (1) and the heat sink body (21), and the other connecting plate (22) is disposed between the other of the two first heat sinks (1) and the heat sink body (21).

3. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the heat dissipation structure is in the no-load state, there is a preset included angle y between the first heat dissipation plate (1) and the heat dissipation plate body (21); wherein, y≤90°.

4. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation structure also includes a chassis (3), which has a groove bottom for supporting the battery (10) and a baffle (31) for limiting the battery (10). The baffle (31) has a limiting space, and the first heat dissipation plate (1) and the second heat dissipation plate (2) are both disposed in the limiting space of the baffle (31).

5. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The retaining edge (31) includes: Two parallel side guards (311) are used to limit the first heat sink (1). A rear baffle (312), one end of which is connected to one of the side baffles (311), and the other end of which is connected to another of the side baffles (311); the rear baffle (312) is used to limit the second heat sink (2). The front baffle (313) is arranged parallel to the rear baffle (312). The front baffle (313) and the two side baffles (311) each have a connecting groove (3131) through which the first heat sink (1) passes. The two connecting grooves (3131) are arranged one-to-one with the two first heat sinks (1).

6. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, Along the extending direction of the front edge (313), the width of the connecting groove (3131) is greater than the thickness of the first heat sink (1).

7. A vehicle, comprising a heat dissipation structure, characterized in that, The heat dissipation structure is the heat dissipation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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