Photovoltaic / photothermal combined driving air conditioning system with near-zero carbon operation

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic / photothermal combined driving air conditioner system with near-zero carbon operation, and realizes the conversion of winter and summer operation modes through a four-way valve. The whole system comprises an ejector unit, a compression unit, an energy storage unit and a heat exchange unit. The ejector unit and the compression unit are controlled by a valve to realize the conversion of operation modes under different illumination conditions, so that a better energy-saving effect is achieved. A foamed metal reinforced photovoltaic panel is adopted in a photovoltaic panel heat collection area, and the foamed metal is connected with the photovoltaic panel, so that high-efficiency heat exchange of refrigerant in the ejector system is realized. The application utilizes the heat energy behind the photovoltaic panel, and is coupled with a refrigeration and heat pump system, so that the refrigeration and heating work in the same system, and the energy consumption is saved. The same heat exchange unit is adopted in the refrigeration or heat pump operation mode, and the structure is simple and the utilization efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of refrigeration, heat pumps, and photovoltaic power generation, and specifically relates to a photovoltaic / solar thermal combined drive air-conditioning system with convertible cooling and heating modes and near-zero carbon operation suitable for different lighting conditions. Background Art

[0002] Due to climate change, people's demand for thermal comfort is increasing, both in the office and at home. Summer air conditioning and winter heat pump heating are typically achieved using the traditional Carnot cycle. Furthermore, photovoltaic panels, a key element of photovoltaic power generation, can rapidly heat up due to sunlight during operation, significantly reducing power generation efficiency and increasing panel damage rates. External water or air cooling methods are currently available to reduce the temperature behind photovoltaic panels.

[0003] The above cooling and heating systems have the following major issues: 1. Traditional air conditioners and heat pumps use compression cooling, are electrically powered, and consume a lot of energy and cause significant pollution. 2. Some of the energy in the circulation cannot be utilized, resulting in energy waste. 3. The temperature rise behind the photovoltaic panels significantly affects the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. Adding a single cooling system means increased power consumption and equipment complexity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the various shortcomings identified above, the present invention addresses the technical issues of decreased performance caused by elevated temperatures behind photovoltaic panels, low energy utilization, and high energy consumption in cooling and heating systems. This presents a near-zero-carbon photovoltaic / solar-thermal combined air conditioning system. This system improves photovoltaic power generation efficiency while utilizing the heat behind the panels to heat the ejector working fluid, achieving comprehensive energy utilization. Furthermore, through control of the system by a four-way valve and other valves, efficient operation is achieved in both winter and summer conditions, as well as in both bright and dim conditions, meeting diverse living needs.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention mainly adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A near-zero-carbon photovoltaic / solar thermal combined-driven air conditioning system comprises an ejector unit, a compression unit, an energy storage unit, and a heat exchange unit. The ejector unit comprises an ejector and its three connections, a fourth valve, a first condenser, a first evaporator and its four connections, a first throttle valve, a refrigerant pump, and a foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel. The compression unit comprises a first valve, a second throttle valve and its two connections, a second condenser and its four connections, a four-way valve and its four connections, a compressor, a second evaporator and its four connections, a third valve, a second valve, and a third throttle valve and its two connections. The energy storage unit comprises a foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel and a battery. The heat exchange unit comprises a first evaporator and a second evaporator.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the ejector unit comprises an ejector connected to the fourth valve inlet, the fourth valve outlet connected to the first condenser inlet, the first condenser outlet connected to the first throttle valve inlet and the refrigerant pump inlet, the first throttle valve outlet connected to the first evaporator, and the first evaporator connected to the ejector; the refrigerant pump outlet connected to the foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel inlet and the first valve inlet, respectively, and the foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel outlet connected to the ejector and the third valve outlet, respectively. The compression unit comprises a second evaporator connected to a four-way valve, the four-way valve connected to the compressor inlet, the compressor outlet connected to the four-way valve, the four-way valve connected to the second condenser, the second condenser connected to a second throttle valve, the second throttle valve connected to the second valve inlet and the first valve outlet, respectively, the second valve outlet connected to the third throttle valve and the third valve inlet, and the third throttle valve connected to the second evaporator; the energy storage unit comprises a foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel connected to a battery; the heat exchange unit comprises a first evaporator connected to the brine inlet, the first evaporator connected to the second evaporator, and the second evaporator connected to the brine outlet.

[0008] As a further technical solution, in summer, when sunlight is high: the refrigerant pump is turned on, the first and third valves are closed, and the second and fourth valves are opened. The third throttle valve is fully open, with no throttling effect. The operating cycle is a clockwise cycle (abcda) and a clockwise cycle (ABDFECA, CDFEC). The brine coolant achieves primary cooling in the first evaporator and secondary cooling in the second evaporator. In low sunlight: the refrigerant pump is turned off, the first, third, and fourth valves are closed, and the second valve is opened. The third throttle valve is fully open, with no throttling effect. The operating cycle is a clockwise cycle (abcda). In this case, the cycle is driven by both the stored energy in the battery and the photovoltaic panel. When power is insufficient, the mains power is used. The brine coolant does not cool in the first evaporator, but cools in the second evaporator.

[0009] As a further technical solution, in winter, the four-way valve is rotated 90 degrees. During bright sunlight, the compressor is shut down, and the first, second, third, and fourth valves are closed. The ejector is deactivated, serving as a bypass. The only operating cycle is the clockwise loop (ABDCA). In this case, the cycle is driven by the stored energy in the battery and the photovoltaic panel. The brine heats up in the first evaporator, while the second evaporator remains warm. During dim sunlight, the fourth and second valves are closed, the first and third valves are opened, and the compressor is started. The second throttle valve is fully open, with no throttling effect. The second condenser is deactivated, serving as a bypass. The only operating cycle is the counterclockwise loop (EDCFE). In this case, the compressor is powered by the battery or mains electricity. The brine heats up in the second evaporator, while the first evaporator remains warm.

[0010] Preferably, the photovoltaic panel is reinforced with foam metal, and the foam metal is used as a heat exchange flow field, thereby increasing the contact area of ​​the heat exchange fluid.

[0011] Preferably, the heating or cooling of the refrigerant is through the same pipeline, and the refrigerant flows from the first evaporator to the second evaporator.

[0012] The present invention provides a near-zero-carbon photovoltaic / solar thermal combined drive air conditioning system, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. The system cleverly couples injection, heat pumps, and photovoltaics. When there is sufficient sunshine in the summer, a small amount of photovoltaic efficiency is sacrificed to use photovoltaic waste heat to drive the injection refrigeration system, and the refrigerant is cooled in a cascade with compression refrigeration, which greatly reduces the power consumption of the compressor. This allows photovoltaic power generation to be partially stored in the battery and used to power the vapor compression refrigeration system when there is insufficient sunshine (the injection system does not work at this time), requiring less additional electricity to achieve near-zero emissions.

[0014] 2. In winter, when there is sufficient sunshine, the waste heat from photovoltaic panels is used for efficient heat exchange and direct heating is provided. Most of the electricity can be stored. When the sunshine is poor, heat pump heating is used. The evaporation side absorbs the waste heat from photovoltaic panels, which increases the photovoltaic power generation while reducing the power consumption of the compressor. Combined with the stored electricity, less additional electricity is also required, achieving near-zero emissions.

[0015] 3. A photovoltaic panel with enhanced metal foam flow field is proposed, which increases the heat exchange area and allows the refrigerant to take away more heat when passing through the back of the photovoltaic panel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the summer working process of a near-zero-carbon photovoltaic / solar thermal combined-driven air-conditioning system of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the winter working process of a photovoltaic / solar thermal combined driven air conditioning system with near zero carbon operation according to the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. Ejector; 2. Fourth valve; 3. First condenser; 4. First evaporator; 5. First throttle valve; 6. Refrigerant pump; 7. Foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel; 9. First valve; 10. Third valve; 11. Second valve; 12. Battery; 13. Second throttle valve; 14. Second condenser; 15. Four-way valve; 16. Compressor; 17. Second evaporator; 18. Third throttle valve; 401-404, first evaporator interface; 171-174, second evaporator interface; 151-154, four-way valve internal flow channel interface; 141-142, second condenser interface; 131-132, second throttle valve interface; 181-182, third throttle valve interface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following examples clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention. It is obvious that the described examples are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1:

[0021] like Figure 1 The figure shows a summer working process diagram of a near-zero-carbon photovoltaic / solar thermal combined-driven air conditioning system according to the present invention. The system includes an injection unit, a compression unit, an energy storage unit, and a heat exchange unit.

[0022] The injection unit includes: an ejector 1 and its three interfaces 101, 102, and 103; a fourth valve 2; a first condenser 3; a first evaporator 4 and its four interfaces 401, 402, 403, and 404; a first throttle valve 5; a refrigerant pump 6; and a foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel 7. The compression unit includes: a first valve 9; a second throttle valve 13 and its two interfaces 131 and 132; a second condenser 14 and its two interfaces 141 and 142; a four-way valve 15 and its four interfaces 151, 152, 153, and 154; a compressor 16; a second evaporator 17 and its four interfaces 171, 172, 173, and 174; a third valve 10; a second valve 11; and a third throttle valve 18 and its two interfaces 181 and 182. The energy storage unit includes: a foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel 7 and a battery 12. The heat exchange unit includes: a first evaporator 4 and a second evaporator 17.

[0023] During specific operation: the internal flow channel of the four-way valve 15 is connected to the interface 152 and the interface 153, and the interface 151 and the interface 154 are connected; when the light is good: turn on the refrigerant pump 6, close the first valve 9 and the third valve 10, and open the second valve 11 and the fourth valve 2; the third throttle valve 18 is in a fully open state, and there is no throttling effect; the running cycle is cycle abcda - clockwise and cycle ABDFECA, CDFEC - clockwise; the refrigerant is heated by the foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel 7 and then introduced into the ejector 1 to drive the injection system; at this time, the coolant realizes the first level cooling in the first evaporator 4 and the second level cooling in the second evaporator 17. When the sunlight is poor: turn off the refrigerant pump 6, close the first valve 9, the third valve 10, and the fourth valve 2; open the second valve 11; the third throttle valve 18 is in the fully open state, with no throttling effect; the running cycle is only cycle abcda - clockwise; at this time, the cycle is driven by the stored energy in the battery 12 and the photovoltaic panel. When the power is insufficient, the mains power is used; the coolant is not cooled in the first evaporator 4, but is cooled in the second evaporator 17.

[0024] Example 2:

[0025] Figure 2 This is the second implementation method of the present application applied in winter.

[0026] During operation: Rotate the four-way valve 90 degrees, connecting ports 151 and 152, and 153 and 154. In this mode, the refrigerant passes through the metal foam reinforced photovoltaic panel 7, removing heat from behind the panel, lowering its operating temperature. During bright sunlight, shut down the compressor 16, and close the first, second, third, and fourth valves 9, 11, 10, and 2. Ejector 1 stops operating, serving as a flow path. The only cycle in operation is ABDCA—clockwise. This cycle is driven by the stored energy in the battery 12 and the photovoltaic panel. The refrigerant heats up in the first evaporator 4, but not in the second evaporator 17. During dim sunlight, close the fourth and second valves 2, open the first and third valves 9, and start the compressor 16. The second throttle valve 13 is fully open, with no throttling effect. The second condenser 14 stops operating, serving as a flow path. The only cycle in operation is the EDCFE cycle - counterclockwise; at this time, the battery 12 or the mains electricity is used to power the compressor 16; the refrigerant does not heat up in the first evaporator 4, but heats up in the second evaporator 17.

[0027] It should be noted that the coolant in the above embodiments is a fluid that needs to be cooled or heated in summer or winter, such as the air in a room.

[0028] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, and any connection method suitable for the system can be used, including but not limited to direct connection, indirect connection, etc. The specific meanings of the above terms in the invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, it should be noted that the primary purpose of the description in the specification and implementation plan is to express clearly and understandably, and specific implementation examples should be applied according to specific fields and scenarios.

[0029] The above general description of the invention and the description of its specific embodiments involved in this application should not be construed as limiting the technical solutions of the invention. Based on the disclosure of this application, those skilled in the art or related fields may, without violating the constituent elements of the invention involved, add to, subtract from, or combine the disclosed technical features in the above general description and / or specific embodiments (including Examples) to form other technical solutions within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A near-zero-carbon photovoltaic / solar thermal combined drive air conditioning system, characterized in that: The invention comprises an injection unit, a compression unit, an energy storage unit and a heat exchange unit, wherein the injection unit comprises: an injector (1) and its three interfaces, a fourth valve (2), a first condenser (3), a first evaporator (4) and its four interfaces, a first throttle valve (5), a refrigerant pump (6) and a foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel (7); wherein the three interfaces of the injector (1) are interface A (101), interface B (102) and interface C (103); the four interfaces of the first evaporator (4) are interface D (401), interface E (402), interface F (403) and interface G (404); the compression unit comprises: a first valve (9), a second throttle valve (13) and its two interfaces, a second condenser (14) and its two interfaces, a four-way valve (15) and its four interfaces, a compressor (16), a second evaporator (17) and its four interfaces, a third valve (10 ), a second valve (11) and a third throttle valve (18) and two interfaces thereof; wherein the two interfaces of the second throttle valve (13) are interface H (131) and interface I (132); the two interfaces of the second condenser (14) are interface J (141) and interface K (142); the four interfaces of the four-way valve (15) are interface L (151), interface M (152), interface N (153) and interface O (154); the four interfaces of the second evaporator (17) are interface P (171), interface Q (172), interface R (173) and interface S (174); the two interfaces of the third throttle valve (18) are interface T (181) and interface U (182); the energy storage unit comprises: a foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel (7) and a battery (12); the heat exchange unit comprises: a first evaporator (4) and a second evaporator (17); The ejection unit: the interface C (103) of the ejector (1) is connected to the inlet of the fourth valve (2), the outlet of the fourth valve (2) is connected to the inlet of the first condenser (3), the outlet of the first condenser (3) is respectively connected to the inlet of the first throttle valve (5) and the inlet of the refrigerant pump (6), the outlet of the first throttle valve (5) is connected to the interface D (401) of the first evaporator (4), the interface G (404) of the first evaporator (4) is connected to the interface B (102) of the ejector (1); the outlet of the refrigerant pump (6) is respectively connected to the inlet of the foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel (7) and the inlet of the first valve (9), the outlet of the foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel (7) is respectively connected to the interface A (101) of the ejector (1) and the outlet of the third valve (10); The compression unit: the interface P (171) of the second evaporator (17) is connected to the interface M (152) of the four-way valve (15), the interface N (153) of the four-way valve (15) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (16), the outlet of the compressor (16) is connected to the interface L (151) of the four-way valve (15), the interface O (154) of the four-way valve (15) is connected to the interface K (142) of the second condenser (14), and the interface J ( 141) is connected to the interface I (132) of the second throttle valve (13), the interface H (131) of the second throttle valve (13) is respectively connected to the inlet of the second valve (11) and the outlet of the first valve (9), the outlet of the second valve (11) is respectively connected to the interface T (181) of the third throttle valve (18) and the inlet of the third valve (10), and the interface U (182) of the third throttle valve (18) is connected to the interface Q (172) of the second evaporator (17); The energy storage unit: the foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel (7) is connected to the battery (12); the heat exchange unit: the interface F (403) of the first evaporator (4) is connected to the coolant inlet, the interface E (402) of the first evaporator (4) is connected to the interface S (174) of the second evaporator (17), and the interface R (173) of the second evaporator (17) is connected to the coolant outlet; The first evaporator (4) and the second evaporator (17) use the same pipeline for heating or cooling the refrigerant, and the refrigerant flows from the interface F (403) of the first evaporator (4) and exits from the interface R (173) of the second evaporator (17).

2. A near-zero-carbon photovoltaic / solar thermal combined driven air conditioning system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The foam metal reinforced photovoltaic panel (7) uses the foam metal as a heat exchange flow field, thereby increasing the contact area of ​​the heat exchange fluid.

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