A high-current electron beam collector with double-layer water channels

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-current electron beam collector with a double-layer water channel, comprising a collector body of an integrated structure with an inner hole, a double-layer water channel consisting of an inner water channel on one side of the inner hole and an outer water channel on one side of the outer wall of the collector body, a water injection port and a water outlet on the outer wall of the collector body, the water injection port is connected through the inner water channel, the outer water channel and the water outlet in sequence, and at least part of the inner water channel is spiral around the inner hole, and the outer water channel is in the shape of a circular ring cavity. The present invention can timely and efficiently transfer a large amount of heat energy deposited on the surface of the collector when the high-current electron beam bombards it without affecting microwave transmission, upstream devices and magnetic field structures, and can effectively recover the electron beam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of high-power microwaves, in particular to a high-current electron beam collector with a double-layer water channel. Background Art

[0002] A high power microwave (HPM) source is a device that converts the kinetic energy of an electron beam into microwave energy by utilizing the interaction mechanism of an intense relativistic electron beam (IREB) with the eigenmode of a high frequency structure in a vacuum. It has important applications in both military and industry.

[0003] The collector is used in HPM devices (high power microwave devices) to receive high-current electron beams after beam-wave coupling, and is a key component that affects the stability and life of HPM devices. At present, the energy efficiency of HPM devices is about 20% to 30%. The high-current relativistic electron beam still has a high kinetic energy after handing over part of its energy. After IREB bombards the electron beam collector surface, this part of the energy will be directly converted into heat energy, causing the collector surface temperature to rise suddenly. The sudden rise in the collector surface temperature will cause the desorption of the adsorbed gas on the collector material surface and even cause the material itself to melt, evaporate and vaporize. In addition, the high-temperature thermal desorption and vaporization of the collector material will not only pollute the vacuum environment, but also may lead to the generation of harmful plasma. The thermal desorption of the adsorbed gas on the collector material surface will pollute the vacuum environment of the HPM source. The gas molecules will be ionized under the bombardment of IREB, hindering the transmission of IREB, and ultimately leading to problems such as reduced device efficiency, pulse shortening, and mode hopping. The melting, evaporation, and vaporization of the collector surface material will form an anode plasma source, which continuously emits electrons and ions. These electrons and ions will diffuse forward along the magnetic flux lines to the beam-wave interaction area of ​​the device, and directly collide with the IREB propagating backward along the magnetic flux lines, eventually causing the beam to collapse and the device to fail to work properly. Therefore, in the field of HPM technology, any measures to reduce the heat load on the collector surface are of positive significance. As HPM devices develop towards long pulses and high repetition rates, long pulses mean increased energy, and high repetition rates mean shortened heat dissipation time. Therefore, heat dissipation of the collector is a key link in achieving high-performance and stable operation of long-pulse, high-repetition-rate HPM devices.

[0004] Usually, the cooling methods of electronic equipment mainly include natural cooling, forced air cooling, water cooling, evaporative cooling, heat pipe cooling and radiation cooling, or a combination of the above methods. For electron beam collectors, due to the high thermal deposition power, especially when the device is running at a repetitive frequency, there is heat accumulation. The current common collector cooling structure is a water tank with a rectangular cross-section (including single-layer and double-layer). However, the electron beam collector using this cooling structure still cannot withstand the thermal load of long-term repetitive frequency operation and produce material ablation. The reason is that the speed of the internal fluid in this cooling structure is not uniform. When the inlet flow rate, pressure and other conditions are constant, there is a region with a low flow rate or even close to 0, that is, a flow dead zone. In the flow dead zone, the average axial flow rate of the coolant is very small, the heat transfer coefficient is small, the heat dissipation capacity is low, and there is heat accumulation. In order to improve the heat dissipation of the electron beam collector, a Chinese patent document with publication number CN105931934B discloses a double-helix water trough type high-current electron beam collector. This prior art utilizes a double-helix water trough to overcome the flow dead zone problem inside a traditional single-inlet and single-outlet water trough, thereby achieving stable repetition rate operation of the HPM source. However, the prior art still has the following problems when used: (1) Since the scheme uses a gland and a sealing ring to seal the device, when the heat dissipation is large, the coolant flow rate required by the collector is fast and the internal pressure is high, which may cause leakage or even damage to the device; (2) The scheme is only applicable to cylindrical collectors, not conical collectors. At present, conical collectors have a larger effective collection area, which makes them more resistant to electron bombardment and heat dissipation, and are more widely used in long pulse and high repetition rate applications; (3) The collector substrate of the scheme is connected to the sleeve, and there will be a large thermal resistance at the junction, making it difficult for heat to be transferred from the substrate to the water channel; (4) Under the same pressure, the flow rate of the spiral water channel will be slower than that of the rectangular water channel. For the water inlet, it can fully take away the heat, but for the water outlet, it will lead to untimely heat removal and thus affect the heat dissipation efficiency. The coolant of the scheme is always transmitted in the spiral water channel from the water inlet to the water outlet, which will have a certain impact on the heat dissipation efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is as follows: In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, a high-current electron beam collector with a double-layer water channel is provided. The present invention can timely and efficiently transfer a large amount of heat energy deposited on the surface of the collector when the high-current electron beam bombards the collector without affecting microwave transmission, upstream devices and magnetic field structure, and can effectively recover the electron beam.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A high-current electron beam collector with a double-layer water channel comprises a collector body of an integrated structure with an inner hole, wherein the interior of the collector body is provided with a double-layer water channel consisting of an inner water channel on the side of the inner hole and an outer water channel on the side of the outer wall of the collector body, and the outer wall of the collector body is provided with a water injection port and a water outlet, wherein the water injection port is connected through the inner water channel, the outer water channel and the water outlet in sequence, and at least a part of the inner water channel is spirally shaped around the inner hole, and the outer water channel is in the shape of a circular ring cavity.

[0008] Optionally, the collecting electrode body comprises an inner tube, a middle layer and an outer tube which are nested in sequence from the inside to the outside, the inner layer water channel is formed between the inner tube and the middle layer, the outer layer water channel is formed between the middle layer and the outer tube, and the water inlet and outlet are both arranged on the outer wall of the outer tube.

[0009] Optionally, the inner cylinder is composed of a first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section, a first transition section and a first large-diameter cylindrical connecting section which are arranged in sequence. One end of the inner cylinder is connected to the outer cylinder by welding, and the other end is connected to the middle layer by welding. The first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section and the first large-diameter cylindrical connecting section are straight cylinders with different diameters. The first transition section is a conical cylinder with different diameters at both ends. The outer wall of the first transition section is provided with a spiral water trough wall arranged around the outer wall of the first transition section, so that a spiral water channel is formed between the spiral water trough wall and the inner wall of the middle layer.

[0010] Optionally, the cross-section of the spiral water channel is rectangular.

[0011] Optionally, a connection positioning step is provided at the end of the first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section.

[0012] Optionally, the middle layer is composed of a second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section, a second transition section and a second large-diameter cylindrical connecting section which are arranged in sequence; the second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section and the second large-diameter cylindrical connecting section are straight cylindrical and have different diameters; the second transition section is a conical cylindrical shape with different diameters at both ends; the second large-diameter cylindrical connecting section is provided with a through hole for connecting the inner water channel with the water injection port; the inner water channel and the outer water channel are connected to each other at the end of the second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section.

[0013] Optionally, the outer cylinder is composed of a third small-diameter cylindrical connecting section, a third transition section and a third large-diameter cylindrical connecting section which are arranged in sequence; the third small-diameter cylindrical connecting section and the third large-diameter cylindrical connecting section are straight cylinders with different diameters; the third transition section is a conical cylinder with different diameters at both ends; and the water outlet is arranged on the third large-diameter cylindrical connecting section.

[0014] Optionally, a lower slope section whose radius gradually decreases from the outside to the inside is provided on the outer wall of the first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section, and an upper slope section whose radius gradually increases from the outside to the inside is provided on the inner wall of the third small-diameter cylindrical connecting section, the lower slope section and the upper slope section cooperate with each other to form a groove for guiding the water flow at the end of the inner water channel into the outer water channel, and the end of the second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section is chamfered.

[0015] Optionally, the collector body is a rotating structure that is rotationally symmetric along the central axis OO′.

[0016] Optionally, the collector body is provided with two flange connection structures arranged in a vertical direction, the water inlet is installed on the flange connection structure with an opening facing downward, and the water outlet is installed on the flange connection structure with an opening facing upward.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention mainly has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. The inner water channel on the water inlet side of the present invention is a spiral water channel. Compared with the traditional cooling water channel, the spiral water channel can overcome the problem of dead zone of flow velocity inside the water channel. Under the same inlet pressure condition, due to the constraint of the spiral water channel, its internal flow field is more uniform, that is, the coolant in the water channel has a larger axial average velocity, and accordingly obtains a larger heat transfer coefficient, thereby providing a higher heat transfer capacity.

[0019] 2. The interior of the collector body of the present invention is provided with a double-layer water channel consisting of an inner water channel on the inner hole side and an outer water channel on the outer wall side of the collector body. The double-layer water channel structure is adopted, the inner water channel on the water inlet side is a spiral water channel, and the outer water channel on the water outlet side is a circular cavity, so that the water outlet speed is faster and the heat dissipation efficiency is higher, which meets the requirements of the HPM source under the conditions of heavy frequency and long life operation.

[0020] 3. The collector body of the present invention uses an integrated design and processing, which can effectively prevent the problem of the device not being able to work normally due to excessive internal pressure. Heat can be directly conducted from the collector to the water channel without the influence of interface thermal resistance.

[0021] In summary, through the above-mentioned technical means, the present invention can timely and efficiently transfer the large amount of heat energy deposited on the collector surface by the strong current electron beam bombarding without affecting microwave transmission, upstream devices and magnetic field structure, and can effectively recover the electron beam. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the high-current electron beam collector in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2Schematic diagram of the external structure of the inner cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the inner cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the intermediate layer in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the outer cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the water injection port structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the water injection port in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the flange connection structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Legend: 1. Collector body; 10. Inner hole; 11. Inner cylinder; 111. First small-diameter cylinder connecting section; 112. First transition section; 113. First large-diameter cylinder connecting section; 114. Spiral water tank wall; 115. Positioning step; 116. Lower slope section; 12. Intermediate layer; 121. Second small-diameter cylinder connecting section; 122. Second transition section; 123. Second large-diameter cylinder connecting section; 124. Through hole; 13. Outer cylinder; 131. Third small-diameter cylinder connecting section; 132. Third transition section; 133. Third large-diameter cylinder connecting section; 134. Upper slope section; 14. Flange structure; 15. Flange connection structure; 151. First cylinder connecting section; 152. Second cylinder connecting section; 153. Water outlet connecting section; 2. Water inlet; 3. Water outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, the high-current electron beam collector with a double-layer water channel in this embodiment includes a collector body 1 of an integrated structure with an inner hole 10, the interior of the collector body 1 is provided with a double-layer water channel consisting of an inner water channel on the side of the inner hole 10 and an outer water channel on the side of the outer wall of the collector body 1, the outer wall of the collector body is provided with a water injection port 2 and a water outlet 3, the water injection port 2 is connected through the inner water channel, the outer water channel and the water outlet 3 in sequence, and at least a part of the inner water channel is a spiral water channel surrounding the inner hole 10, and the outer water channel is a circular cavity. By using integrated design and processing of the collector body 1 and adopting an inner water channel with a spiral water channel structure, the uniformity of the fluid velocity in the water channel is improved and the dead zone of the flow velocity is eliminated, which can effectively improve the heat transfer coefficient and increase the heat dissipation capacity. At the same time, a double-layer structure is adopted, with a spiral water channel on the water inlet side and an outer water channel in the shape of a circular ring cavity on the water outlet side, so that the water outlet speed is faster and the heat dissipation efficiency is higher, which meets the requirements of the HPM source under heavy frequency and long life operation conditions, so that this embodiment can timely and efficiently transfer a large amount of heat energy deposited on the collector surface by the strong current electron beam bombardment without affecting the microwave transmission, upstream devices and magnetic field structure, and can effectively recover the electron beam.

[0033] When the high-current electron beam collector with double-layer water channel in this embodiment is used, one end is connected to the upstream device and the other end is connected to the microwave output antenna. Figure 1 In the following, the end of the high-current electron beam collector with a double-layer water channel in this embodiment connected to the upstream device is defined as the left side, the end of microwave output is defined as the right side, the side close to the central axis OO′ is defined as the inner side, and the side away from the central axis OO′ is defined as the outer side.

[0034] See also Figure 1 The collector body 1 includes an inner cylinder 11, an intermediate layer 12 and an outer cylinder 13 which are nested from the inside to the outside. The inner water channel is formed between the inner cylinder 11 and the intermediate layer 12, and the outer water channel is formed between the intermediate layer 12 and the outer cylinder 13. The water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3 are both arranged on the outer wall of the outer cylinder 13. Among them, the inner cylinder 11, the intermediate layer 12 and the outer cylinder 13 are generally a cylindrical structure, but all have a conical transition section. Because the conical collector has a larger effective collection area, it has stronger anti-electron bombardment and heat dissipation capabilities. The length L and angle θ of the conical transition section can be designed according to the actual operating state of the device.

[0035] The outer side of the inner tube 11 is provided with a spiral water groove, the cross section of which is rectangular, the width of which is l, and the depth of which is h. The selection of l and h should follow the following principles: on the one hand, sufficient flow of the coolant should be ensured, otherwise the heat exchange of the spiral water groove will be affected; on the other hand, the coolant in the spiral water groove should be ensured to be in a vigorous turbulent state. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the inner cylinder 11 is composed of a first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 111, a first transition section 112 and a first large-diameter cylindrical connecting section 113 which are arranged in sequence. One end of the inner cylinder 11 is connected to the outer cylinder 13 by welding, and the other end is connected to the middle layer 12 by welding. The first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 111 and the first large-diameter cylindrical connecting section 113 are straight cylinders with different diameters. The first transition section 112 is a conical cylinder with different diameters at both ends. A spiral water trough wall 114 is provided on the outer wall of the first transition section 112 and is arranged around the outer wall of the first transition section 112, so that a spiral water channel is formed between the spiral water trough wall 114 and the inner wall of the middle layer 12.

[0036] like Figure 1 In this embodiment, the left end of the inner tube 11 is connected to the outer tube 13 by welding, and the right end is connected to the middle layer 12 by welding. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 111 is divided into two sections, wherein the first section is a positioning step, which is used to determine the position when connecting with the upstream device, and its inner diameter is R61, outer diameter is R62, and length is L61. The second section is L62 long, inner diameter is R63, and its outer diameter changes from R62 to R64, in order to form a groove on the left side with the outer cylinder 13. The first transition section 112 is a conical structure, with a length of L63 and a cone angle of T61. A spiral water groove is opened on the outside of the first transition section 112, and the water groove width is l and depth is h. The first large-diameter cylindrical connecting section 113 is divided into two sections, wherein the first section has an inner diameter of R65, an outer diameter of R66, and a length of L64, and its right side is the rightmost end of the waterway. The second section has an inner diameter of R65, an outer diameter of R67, and a length of L65, which is connected to the middle layer 12 and plays a role in blocking the waterway. Specifically, the above structural parameters in this embodiment are: R61=38.3cm, L61=2.3cm, R62=39.5cm, L62=20.2cm, R63=37.2cm, R64=38cm, L63=53.4cm, T61=93°, l=8.5cm, h=1.43cm, R65=40cm, L64=51.4cm, R66=41.5cm, R67=43cm, L65=21cm.

[0037] See also Figure 3 In this embodiment, the cross section of the spiral water channel is rectangular, which is conducive to improving the uniformity of the fluid velocity in the water channel. Figure 3 In this embodiment, a connection positioning step 115 is provided at the end of the first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 111, which is conducive to docking and positioning with the upstream HPM source output end.

[0038] like Figure 4As shown, the middle layer 12 is composed of a second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 121, a second transition section 122 and a second large-diameter cylindrical connecting section 123 arranged in sequence. The second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 121 and the second large-diameter cylindrical connecting section 123 are straight cylinders with different diameters. The second transition section 122 is a conical cylinder with different diameters at both ends. The second large-diameter cylindrical connecting section 123 is provided with a through hole 124 for connecting the inner water channel with the water injection port 2. The inner water channel and the outer water channel are connected to each other at the end of the second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 121. Figure 4 In this embodiment, the wall thickness of the middle layer 12 is H51, and the right side of the middle layer 12 is respectively connected to the flange connection structure 15 and the inner cylinder 11 by welding. The inner diameter of the second small-diameter cylindrical connection section 121 is R51, the length is L51, and the left end is chamfered. The second transition section 122 is a conical structure with a length of L52 and a cone angle of T51. The inner diameter of the second large-diameter cylindrical connection section 123 is R52, the length is L53, and there is a through hole on the lower side. The diameter of the through hole is D51, which is used to connect with the water inlet channel of the flange connection structure 15. Specifically, the above structural parameters in this embodiment are: H51=1.5cm, R51=39.5cm, L51=11.3cm, L52=66.8cm, T51=93°, R52=43cm, L53=44.7cm, D51=10cm.

[0039] like Figure 5As shown, the outer cylinder 13 is composed of a third small-diameter cylinder connecting section 131, a third transition section 132 and a third large-diameter cylinder connecting section 133 which are arranged in sequence, the third small-diameter cylinder connecting section 131 and the third large-diameter cylinder connecting section 133 are straight cylinders with different diameters, the third transition section 132 is a conical cylinder with different diameters at both ends, and the water outlet 3 is provided on the third large-diameter cylinder connecting section 133. In this embodiment, the left end of the outer cylinder 13 is connected to the inner cylinder 11 by welding, and the right end is connected to the flange connection structure 15 by welding. The third small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 131 is divided into three sections, wherein the inner diameter of the first section is R41 and the length is L41, the second section is a conical structure, the length is L42, and the cone angle is T41, the inner diameter of the third section is R42 and the length is L43, and 8 through holes with a diameter of D41 are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the third small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 131 for connecting with upstream devices. The third transition section 132 is a conical structure, the length is L44, and the cone angle is T42. The inner diameter of the third large-diameter cylindrical connecting section 133 is R43 and the length is L45, and there is a positioning step on the outside for determining the position when connecting with the flange connection structure 15. Specifically, the above structural parameters in this embodiment are: R41=39.5cm, L41=2.5cm, L42=2cm, T41=135°, R42=42.5cm, L43=15cm, D41=3.3cm, L44=66.8cm, T42=93°, R43=46cm, L45=16.7cm.

[0040] See also Figure 3 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, a lower slope section 116 with a radius gradually decreasing from the outside to the inside is provided on the outer wall of the first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 111, and an upper slope section 134 with a radius gradually increasing from the outside to the inside is provided on the inner wall of the third small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 131. The lower slope section 116 and the upper slope section 134 cooperate with each other to form a groove for guiding the water flow at the end of the inner water channel into the outer water channel. The end of the second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section 121 is chamfered to reduce the impact of the coolant on the connection and facilitate the transition of the coolant from the inner water channel at the lower end to the outer water channel at the upper end.

[0041] See also Figure 1 The collector body 1 in this embodiment is a rotating structure that is rotationally symmetrical along the central axis OO′.

[0042] See also Figure 1The collector body 1 is provided with two flange connection structures 15 arranged in the vertical direction, the water inlet 2 is installed on the flange connection structure 15 with the opening facing downward, and the water outlet 3 is installed on the flange connection structure 15 with the opening facing upward, so that the heat dissipation effect is better. The water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3 have the same connector structure. In order to make the coolant stay in the water channel for a longer time and fully absorb the heat, the water inlet 2 in this embodiment is often installed on the lower side of the high-current electron beam collector with a double-layer water channel in this embodiment, and the water outlet 3 is often installed on the upper side of the high-current electron beam collector with a double-layer spiral water channel. See Figure 6 and Figure 7 One end of the water inlet 2 is connected to the water pump, and the end connected to the water pump has a groove for fixing the joint of the water pump, and the other end is connected to the flange connection structure 3, which can be welded. The inner diameter R11 of the water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3 is determined by the inner diameter of the external water pipe, and the inner diameter R12 is determined by the flow rate of the coolant required by the high-current electron beam collector of the double-layer spiral water channel. Figure 7 As shown, the water inlet 2 (which has the same structure as the water outlet 3) is composed of an integrated first connecting section 21 and a second connecting section 22. The length of the first connecting section 21 is L11, the inner diameter is R11, and there is a groove at the outer end for fixing the water pump joint, and the connection is chamfered. The length of the second connecting section 22 is L12, the inner diameter is R12, and it is connected to the opening of the flange connection structure 15, and the connection is chamfered. The first connecting section 21 and the second connecting section 22 have a hexagonal nut structure for easy hand tightening. Specifically, in this embodiment, the above structural parameters are: R11=8cm, R12=5.2cm, L11=25cm, L12=11.3cm.

[0043] The flange connection structure 15 is generally a cylindrical structure, which is used to connect the outer cylinder 13 and the middle layer 12, and plays the role of closing the water channel. Welding and other methods can be used. There are m through holes on the circumference of the flange connection structure 15, which can be connected to the microwave output antenna using screws. There are two symmetrical through holes on the outer ring, which are used to connect to the water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3. When the flow rate of the coolant required by the high-current electron beam collector of this embodiment is small, the required flow rate can be achieved by further reducing the diameter of the through hole. In summary, the entire water inlet (outlet) end is composed of the water inlet 2 (water outlet 3) and the flange connection structure 15. Its size is determined by the flow rate of the coolant required by the high-current electron beam collector of this embodiment, and the required flow requirement can be achieved by gradually reducing the diameter. Figure 8As shown, the flange connection structure 15 comprises a first cylindrical connection section 151, a second cylindrical connection section 152 and a water outlet connection section 153. The first cylindrical connection section 151 is a cylindrical structure connected to the outer cylinder 13 by welding, and has an inner diameter of R31 and a length of L31. The second cylindrical connecting section 152 is a cylindrical structure, connected to the middle layer 12 by welding, with an inner diameter of R32 and a length of L32. The inner diameter difference between the first cylindrical connecting section 151 and the second cylindrical connecting section 152 (i.e., R31 and R32) is to provide a positioning step for easy positioning between the flange connection structure 15 and the outer cylinder 13. At the same time, there is a trapezoidal groove with a length of L33, a lower bottom length of L34, and an upper bottom length of L35 above the second cylindrical connecting section 152 (between the inner diameter R31 of the first cylindrical connecting section 151 and the inner diameter R32 of the cylindrical transition section 32), which is to introduce the coolant in the water channel into the water outlet connecting section 153 and then lead it out through the water outlet 3. The water outlet channel of the water outlet connecting section 153 is a through hole with a changing diameter, with a smaller diameter of D31 and a larger diameter of D32. Six through holes with a diameter of D33 are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the water outlet connecting section 153 for connecting with the microwave output antenna. Specifically, the above structural parameters in this embodiment are: R31=47.5cm, L31=3cm, R32=44.5cm, L32=22.5cm, L33=18.5cm, L34=19.8cm, L35=14.6cm, D31=8cm, D32=11cm, D33=8cm.

[0044] See also Figure 5 The left end of the outer cylinder 13 has a flange structure 14, which has multiple through holes and can be connected to the upstream device using screws. The right end is connected to the flange connection structure 15 by welding or the like. The middle layer 12 is located between the outer cylinder 13 and the inner cylinder 11. The left end is at a certain distance from the connection between the outer cylinder 13 and the inner layer of the collector. The lower end has a through hole connected to the water inlet channel of the flange connection structure 15, so that the coolant can first enter the inner water channel. The right side of the middle layer 12 is connected to the flange connection structure 15 and the inner cylinder 11 by welding or the like. Thus, the flange connection structure 15, the outer cylinder 13, the middle layer 12 and the inner cylinder 11 together constitute a closed double-layer water channel.

[0045] The materials of the water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3, the flange connection structure 15, the outer cylinder 13, and the intermediate layer 12 are generally metal materials (such as stainless steel, copper, titanium alloy, etc.), and the material of the inner cylinder 11 is generally a high-density, high-melting-point, high-conductivity material (such as stainless steel, copper-tungsten alloy, tantalum, etc.). In this embodiment, the materials of the water inlet 2, the water outlet 3, the flange connection structure 15, the outer cylinder 13, the intermediate layer 12, and the inner cylinder 11 are all stainless steel.

[0046] To summarize, for the conical collector, the high-current electron beam collector with a double-layer water channel in this embodiment uses an integrated design and processing, and adopts a spiral water channel structure to improve the uniformity of the fluid velocity in the water tank and eliminate the flow velocity dead zone, which can effectively improve the heat transfer coefficient and increase the heat dissipation capacity. At the same time, a double-layer structure is adopted, with a spiral water channel for the water inlet and a rectangular water channel for the water outlet, which makes the water outlet speed faster and the heat dissipation efficiency higher, meeting the requirements of the HPM source under heavy frequency and long life operation conditions.

[0047] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-current electron beam collector with a double-layer water channel, characterized in that: The invention comprises a collector body (1) of an integral structure and having an inner hole (10), wherein the interior of the collector body (1) is provided with a double-layer water channel consisting of an inner water channel on the side of the inner hole (10) and an outer water channel on the side of the outer wall of the collector body (1), and the outer wall of the collector body is provided with a water injection port (2) and a water outlet (3), wherein the water injection port (2) is connected in sequence through the inner water channel, the outer water channel and the water outlet (3), and at least a part of the inner water channel is spirally shaped around the inner hole (10), and the outer water channel is in the shape of a circular cavity; the collector body (1) comprises an inner cylinder (11), an intermediate layer (12) and an outer cylinder (13) which are nested in sequence from the inside to the outside, wherein the inner water channel is formed between the inner cylinder (11) and the intermediate layer (12), and the outer water channel is formed between the intermediate layer (12) and the outer cylinder (13), and the water injection port (2 ) and the water outlet (3) are both arranged on the outer wall of the outer cylinder (13); the inner cylinder (11) is composed of a first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section (111), a first transition section (112) and a first large-diameter cylindrical connecting section (113) which are arranged in sequence; one end of the inner cylinder (11) is connected to the outer cylinder (13) by welding, and the other end is connected to the middle layer (12) by welding; the first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section (111) and the first large-diameter cylindrical connecting section (113) are straight cylinders with different diameters; the first transition section (112) is a conical cylinder with different diameters at both ends; the outer wall of the first transition section (112) is provided with a spiral water trough wall (114) arranged around the outer wall of the first transition section (112), so that a spiral water channel is formed between the spiral water trough wall (114) and the inner wall of the middle layer (12).

2. The high-current electron beam collector with double-layer water channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the spiral water channel is rectangular.

3. The high-current electron beam collector with double-layer water channels according to claim 2, characterized in that: A connection positioning step (115) is provided at the end of the first small-caliber cylindrical connecting section (111).

4. The high-current electron beam collector with double-layer water channels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intermediate layer (12) is composed of a second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section (121), a second transition section (122) and a second large-diameter cylindrical connecting section (123) which are arranged in sequence; the second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section (121) and the second large-diameter cylindrical connecting section (123) are straight cylindrical and have different diameters; the second transition section (122) is a conical cylindrical shape with two ends having different diameters; the second large-diameter cylindrical connecting section (123) is provided with a through hole (124) for connecting the inner water channel with the water injection port (2); the inner water channel and the outer water channel are connected to each other at the end of the second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section (121).

5. The high-current electron beam collector with double-layer water channels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer cylinder (13) is composed of a third small-diameter cylindrical connecting section (131), a third transition section (132) and a third large-diameter cylindrical connecting section (133) which are arranged in sequence; the third small-diameter cylindrical connecting section (131) and the third large-diameter cylindrical connecting section (133) are straight cylinders with different diameters; the third transition section (132) is a conical cylinder with two ends having different diameters; and the water outlet (3) is provided on the third large-diameter cylindrical connecting section (133).

6. The high-current electron beam collector with double-layer water channels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer wall of the first small-diameter cylindrical connecting section (111) is provided with a lower slope section (116) whose radius gradually decreases from the outer side to the inner side, and the inner wall of the third small-diameter cylindrical connecting section (131) is provided with an upper slope section (134) whose radius gradually increases from the outer side to the inner side, the lower slope section (116) and the upper slope section (134) cooperate with each other to form a groove for guiding the water flow at the end of the inner water channel into the outer water channel, and the end of the second small-diameter cylindrical connecting section (121) is provided with a chamfer.

7. The high-current electron beam collector with double-layer water channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collector body is a rotating structure that is rotationally symmetrical along the central axis OO'.

8. The high-current electron beam collector with double-layer water channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collector body is provided with two flange connection structures (15) arranged in a vertical direction, the water inlet (2) is mounted on the flange connection structure (15) with its opening facing downward, and the water outlet (3) is mounted on the flange connection structure (15) with its opening facing upward.

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