A multi-injection linear beam high-power microwave device diode cathode centering structure and centering method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of high-power microwave technology, specifically to a diode cathode alignment structure and method for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device. The cathode and anode structures are coaxially arranged from the inside out. The cathode structure includes a shielding bowl, a cathode holder, and multiple emitters arranged sequentially along a predetermined direction. The anode structure includes a diode outer cylinder, a diode plate, and an anode cylinder with radial adjustment bolts arranged sequentially along a predetermined direction, allowing for fine-tuning of the anode cylinder's axial position via the radial adjustment bolts. An axial collimation hole and multiple radial rows of light-transmitting holes are provided inside the collimation tube to view and check the alignment of the emitter's axis with the corresponding hole axis on the multi-beam drift tube. This invention solves the problems of low alignment efficiency and poor alignment consistency in multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-power microwave technology, specifically to a diode cathode alignment structure and alignment method for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, high-power microwave technology typically employs explosive emission cathodes to generate high-current electron beams. The voltage between the cathode and anode is in the megavolt range, and the current ranges from several thousand amperes to tens of thousands of amperes. In multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave devices, when the axis of each emitter with the cathode facing upwards does not coincide with the axis of the corresponding aperture on the multi-beam drift tube, the electron beam entering the device is prone to exciting non-operating modes when interacting with the high-frequency field in the interaction region, or the electron beam may hit the wall of the multi-beam drift tube aperture, leading to premature termination of the microwave pulse or low overall beam current efficiency within the device. Therefore, during the experimental debugging of multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave devices, it is necessary to adjust the axis of each emitter with the cathode facing upwards to coincide as closely as possible with the axis of the corresponding aperture on the multi-beam drift tube. In the experimental debugging of conventional single-beam linear high-power microwave devices, since there is only one axis for both the emitter and the drift tube on the diode cathode holder, the alignment of the emitter axis on the cathode holder with the drift tube axis is mainly achieved by repeatedly firing a target plate inside the device. Alternatively, a centering cylinder fixture with an outer diameter that forms a clearance fit with the inner diameter of the hole on the right end of the anode cylinder axis is designed and combined with an adjustable emitter axis mechanical structure to complete the alignment of the emitter axis on the cathode holder with the drift tube axis. During the firing debugging, the target plate is first installed inside the device. Then, a vacuum is created, high voltage and a magnetic field are applied, and the emitter emits an electron beam to fire at the target. The vacuum is then stopped, the device is disassembled, the target plate is removed, and the position of the electron beam spot on the target plate is observed to determine the electron beam axis position. If the axis deviates, the position of the emitter axis or the device axis is adjusted. Then, the target plate is reinstalled, and the device is brought back to a vacuum operating state using a vacuum generation system. The firing process is repeated, the device is disassembled, the target plate is removed, and the position of the electron beam spot axis is observed. This process needs to be repeated multiple times until the transmitter axis and the device axis are almost perfectly aligned before subsequent microwave experiments can begin. This target-based alignment method is time-consuming and inefficient. Furthermore, the alignment and debugging using an alignment cylinder fixture combined with an adjustable transmitter axis mechanical structure is problematic because this fixture is a ring-shaped axisymmetric structure, making it unsuitable for aligning the diode cathodes of multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave devices with multiple transmitters and corresponding drift tube holes in the angular direction. In existing experimental debugging of multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave devices, there are no assembly molds to ensure that the transmitter axis (with the diode cathode facing upwards) is as closely aligned as possible with the corresponding hole axis on the multi-beam drift tube, and there are no suitable tools available on the market. The quality of diode cathode alignment in multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave devices depends entirely on the personal feel and experience of the installation personnel, leading to significant deviations in coaxiality and relative position between the transmitter axis and the corresponding hole axis on the multi-beam drift tube, resulting in poor consistency. Even if the same person installs the device each time, it is difficult to guarantee consistent installation.

[0003] Therefore, for multi-beam linear high-power microwave devices, in addition to combining the conventional diode cathode alignment fixture and alignment method for single-beam linear devices, it is necessary to specially design its alignment structure and design a special collimating tube fixture to align the multi-beam emitter axis with the corresponding tube hole axis on the multi-beam drift tube when the diode cathode seat angle is upward, so as to ensure the installation accuracy and consistency of diode cathode alignment and improve work efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies need further development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and provide a diode cathode alignment technology for multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave devices, so as to solve the technical problems of low alignment efficiency and poor alignment consistency in related technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A diode cathode alignment structure for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device is provided, comprising: an insulator, a cathode structure, an anode structure, a multi-beam drift tube, an alignment cylinder, a collimating tube, and a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device; the cathode structure and the anode structure are coaxially arranged from the inside out; the cathode structure includes a shielding bowl, a cathode holder, and multiple emitters arranged sequentially along a preset direction; the anode structure includes a diode outer cylinder, a diode plate, and an anode cylinder arranged sequentially along a preset direction; the multi-beam drift tube is connected to the anode cylinder, and the multi-beam drift tube has a waist-shaped countersunk hole and corresponding tube holes for the emitters; the alignment cylinder is detachably connected to the cathode holder; the alignment cylinder is used to observe and check the alignment of the central circular axis of the emitter with the axis of the anode cylinder; the collimating tube has an axial collimating hole and a radial light-transmitting hole, so as to observe and check the alignment of the axis of the emitter with the axis of the corresponding tube hole on the multi-beam drift tube through the axial collimating hole; the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device is connected to the aligned multi-beam drift tube.

[0007] Furthermore, the axial collimation hole is provided to penetrate along the axial direction of the collimation tube; and / or, there are multiple radial light-transmitting holes, which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the collimation tube.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-beam drift tube is provided with multiple drift tube holes at positions corresponding to the central circle diameter of the multi-beam emitter, and the number of tube holes is the same as the number of emitters; the drift tube holes are used to insert the collimating tube, and the drift tube holes are used for the electron beam emitted by the emitter to pass through the drift tube holes and enter the high-frequency structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device during subsequent microwave experiments.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-injection drift tube is provided with a waist-shaped countersunk hole; when the axis of the tube hole on the multi-injection drift tube is finely adjusted along the angular direction, the axial bolt can pass through the waist-shaped countersunk hole and be inserted into the threaded blind hole on the anode cylinder; the axial bolt is used to fix the multi-injection drift tube and the anode cylinder axially after the axis of the tube hole on the multi-injection drift tube is aligned with the axis of the corresponding emitter.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the centering cylinder is clearance-fitted with the inner hole of the anode cylinder; the inner diameter of the centering cylinder is clearance-fitted with the maximum outer diameter of the cathode seat end.

[0011] Furthermore, a mounting groove is provided on the flange connecting the anode cylinder and the diode plate; a portion of the diode plate is disposed in the mounting groove; a plurality of radial adjusting bolts are provided on the side wall of the mounting groove; the plurality of radial adjusting bolts are evenly distributed along the angular direction; the plurality of radial adjusting bolts are connected to the radial screw holes of the anode cylinder to adjust the radial position of the anode cylinder axis through the radial adjusting bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, the emitter is interference-fitted with the axial aperture on the cathode seat; and / or, there are multiple emitters, which are evenly arranged angularly within the apertures on the cathode seat; and / or, the centering cylinder is an annular cylindrical structure; and / or,

[0013] Furthermore, the alignment method includes: installing an insulator, a shielding bowl, a diode outer cylinder, and a diode plate; installing a cathode holder and an emitter; installing an anode cylinder on the diode plate; installing an alignment cylinder inside the anode cylinder, fine-tuning the radial adjustment bolts on the anode cylinder so that the alignment cylinder is inserted to the maximum outer diameter at the end of the cathode holder, to observe and check the alignment of the central circular axis of the emitter with the axis of the anode cylinder; disassembling the alignment cylinder and installing a multi-beam drift tube; installing a collimator inside the multi-beam drift tube, using the collimator to adjust the alignment of the emitter axis with the corresponding tube hole axis on the multi-beam drift tube; disassembling the collimator, installing a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device, and conducting microwave experiments.

[0014] Furthermore, the step of using a collimator for alignment includes: inserting the collimator into the bore of the multi-injection drift tube; observing the position of the emitter within the axial collimation hole of the collimator by transmitting light; and angularly rotating the multi-injection drift tube so that the axial collimation hole on the collimator is inserted into the outer diameter of the corresponding emitter to complete the alignment of the emitter with the bore.

[0015] Furthermore, the method for observing the position of the emitter within the collimator by transmitting light includes: illuminating the remaining holes on the multi-drift tube that are not inserted into the collimator with a light source, and the light enters the axial collimation hole through the radial light transmission hole on the collimator, so that the experimental installer can observe the position of the emitter corresponding to the collimator through the collimation hole in the collimator.

[0016] Beneficial effects:

[0017] The diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device of this invention employs a radial adjustment bolt on the anode cylinder, a waist-shaped countersunk hole on the multi-beam drift tube, and a collimating tube fixture with multiple rows of small holes along the circumference, based on a circular alignment cylinder fixture. This allows for precise alignment of the emitter axis with the corresponding hole axis on the drift tube of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device before electron beam emission, eliminating the need for repeated device disassembly and reassembly and repeated vacuuming. The alignment is simple, consistent, and improves efficiency during device debugging. This alignment structure is well-suited for experimental research and debugging of multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave devices. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first configuration of the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second configuration of the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third configuration of the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device of the present invention in its first configuration.

[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0023] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view along the BB direction in the middle;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device of the present invention in the second configuration.

[0025] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A cross-sectional view along the CC direction in the image;

[0026] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 A cross-sectional view along the DD direction in the middle;

[0027] Figure 10 yes Figure 7A magnified view of part A1 in the image;

[0028] Figure 11 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of part A2 in the image;

[0029] Figure 12 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of part A3 in the image.

[0030] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0031] 1. Insulator; 2. First axial bolt; 3. Cathode axial bolt; 4. Connector; 5. Shielding bowl; 6. Cathode seat; 7. Diode outer cylinder; 8. Second axial bolt; 9. Diode board; 10. Radial adjustment bolt; 11. Third axial bolt; 12. Anode cylinder; 13. Emitter; 14. Centering cylinder; 15. Multi-beam drift tube; 16. Fourth axial bolt; 17. Collimation tube; 171. Axial collimation hole; 172. Radial light transmission hole; 18. Positioning pin through hole; 19. Multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device; 100. Cathode structure; 200. Anode structure; 300. Magnet. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application. See also... Figures 1 to 12According to an embodiment of the present invention, a diode cathode alignment structure for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device is provided, comprising: an insulator 1, a cathode structure 100, an anode structure 200, a multi-beam drift tube 15, an alignment cylinder 14, a collimator 17, and a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19; the cathode structure 100 and the anode structure 200 are coaxially arranged from the inside out; the cathode structure 100 includes a shielding bowl 5, a cathode holder 6, and a plurality of emitters 13 arranged sequentially along a preset direction; the anode structure 200 includes a diode outer cylinder 7, a diode plate 9, and an anode tube arranged sequentially along a preset direction. Anode cylinder 12; multi-beam drift tube 15 is connected to anode cylinder 12, and multi-beam drift tube 15 has a tube hole corresponding to emitter 13; centering cylinder 14 is detachably installed with cathode seat 6; centering cylinder 14 is used to observe and check the alignment of the central circular axis of emitter 13 with the axis of anode cylinder 12; collimating tube 17 has an axial collimation hole 171 and a radial light transmission hole 172, so as to observe and check the alignment of the axis of emitter 13 with the axis of the corresponding tube hole on multi-beam drift tube 15 through collimating tube 17; multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19 is connected to the aligned multi-beam drift tube 15.

[0033] Specifically, the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device includes an insulator 1, a cathode structure 100, an anode structure 200, a multi-beam drift tube 15, an alignment cylinder 14, a collimating tube 17, and a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19. The cathode structure 100 and anode structure 200 are coaxially arranged from the inside out. The cathode structure includes a shielding bowl 5, a cathode seat 6, and multiple emitters 13. The anode structure includes a diode outer cylinder 7, a diode plate 9, and an anode cylinder 12 equipped with radial adjustment bolts 10. The multi-beam drift tube 15 is connected to the anode cylinder 12 and has a countersunk hole and corresponding holes for the emitters 13. The centering cylinder 14 is detachably mounted outside the cathode holder 6 for observing and checking the alignment of the emitter's central circular axis with the anode cylinder axis. The collimating tube 17 contains an axial collimation hole 171 and a radial light-transmitting hole 172 for observing and checking the alignment of the emitter's axis with the corresponding tube hole axis on the multi-beam drift tube. The multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19 is connected to the aligned multi-beam drift tube 15. By employing the above configuration, and through the tooling structure combining the centering cylinder 14 and the collimating tube 17, rapid and accurate alignment of the emitter 13 with the tube hole axis is achieved in a multi-beam environment. This avoids the tedious process of repeated vacuuming and disassembly in traditional target-shooting methods, significantly improving installation efficiency and consistency. It also solves the technical problems of low alignment efficiency and poor consistency of diode cathodes in multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave devices in related technologies.

[0034] See Figure 12In the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear high-power microwave device in this embodiment, the axial collimation hole 171 is provided to penetrate along the axial direction of the collimation tube 17; and / or, there are multiple radial light-transmitting holes 172, which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the collimation tube 17.

[0035] Specifically, the function of the axial alignment hole 171 is to allow the operator to observe the internal emitter 13 through the axial alignment hole 171, and to fit with the outer diameter of the emitter 13 for inspection and positioning. The function of the radial light-transmitting hole 172 is to allow light to pass through, thereby making it more convenient for the operator.

[0036] See Figure 7 Multiple drift tube holes are provided on the multi-beam drift tube 15 at positions corresponding to the central circle diameter of the multi-beam emitter 13; the drift tube holes are used to insert the collimating tube 17, and the drift tube holes are used for the electron beam emitted by the emitter 13 to pass through the drift tube holes and enter the high-frequency structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device during subsequent microwave experiments.

[0037] Specifically, multiple drift tube holes are evenly arranged along the angular direction on the multi-drift tube 15 for inserting the collimating tube 17; the collimating holes on the collimating tube can be used to observe the alignment of the emitter 13 with the tube holes through light transmission. In this way, through the light transmission hole design on the collimating tube 17, the installer can directly observe the position of the emitter through light, realize the visualization of the alignment process, and improve the intuitiveness and accuracy of debugging.

[0038] See Figure 7 In the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device in this embodiment, the multi-beam drift tube 15 is provided with a waist-shaped countersunk hole; when the tube hole axis on the multi-beam drift tube 15 is finely adjusted along the angular direction, the fourth axial bolt 16 can pass through the waist-shaped countersunk hole and be inserted into the threaded blind hole on the anode cylinder 12; the fourth axial bolt 16 is used to fix the multi-beam drift tube 15 and the anode cylinder 12 axially after the tube hole axis on the multi-beam drift tube is aligned with the corresponding emitter axis.

[0039] In the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device in this embodiment, the outer diameter of the alignment cylinder 14 is clearance-fitted with the inner hole of the anode cylinder 12; the inner diameter of the alignment cylinder 14 is clearance-fitted with the maximum outer diameter of the cathode seat 6. This clearance fit design ensures that the alignment cylinder 14 can move freely during the adjustment process without damaging the surface of the parts, ensuring the smoothness and repeatability of the alignment process.

[0040] In the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device of this embodiment, a mounting groove is provided on the flange connecting the anode cylinder 12 and the diode plate 9; a portion of the diode plate 9 is disposed within the mounting groove; multiple radial adjusting bolts 10 are threaded through the sidewall of the mounting groove; the multiple radial adjusting bolts 10 are evenly distributed along the angular direction; the multiple radial adjusting bolts 10 are connected to the radial screw holes of the anode cylinder 12 to adjust the radial position of the axis of the anode cylinder 12. In this way, the cooperation between the mounting groove and the radial adjusting bolts 10 provides more stable support and more precise adjustment capability, further ensuring the stability of the alignment process and the final alignment accuracy.

[0041] See Figure 4 and Figure 8 In the diode cathode centering structure of the multi-beam linear high-power microwave device in this embodiment, the emitter 13 is interference-fitted with the axial small hole on the cathode seat 6; there are multiple emitters 13, and the multiple emitters 13 are evenly arranged in the small hole on the cathode seat 6 along the angular direction; the centering cylinder 14 is an annular cylindrical structure.

[0042] With the above configuration, the interference fit ensures that the launcher 13 is firmly installed; the annular centering cylinder structure is suitable for multi-injection environments, ensuring the consistency and reliability of the alignment between the central circular axis of the launcher and the axis of the anode cylinder.

[0043] The method for aligning the diode cathode includes the following steps: installing the insulator 1, shielding bowl 5, diode outer cylinder 7, and diode plate 9; installing the cathode holder 6 and emitter 13; installing the anode cylinder 12 on the diode plate 9; installing the alignment cylinder 14 inside the anode cylinder 12, and finely adjusting the radial adjusting bolt 10 on the anode cylinder 12 so that the alignment cylinder 14 is inserted into the maximum outer diameter of the cathode holder 6 to adjust the alignment of the central circular axis of the emitter 13 with the axis of the anode cylinder 12; disassembling the alignment cylinder 14 and installing the multi-beam drift tube 15; installing the collimating tube 17 inside the multi-beam drift tube 15, and using the collimating tube 17 to adjust the alignment of the axis of the emitter 13 with the axis of the corresponding tube hole on the multi-beam drift tube 15; disassembling the collimating tube 17; installing the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19 and conducting microwave experiments.

[0044] Specifically, the above method involves a step-by-step centering process (see [link]). Figures 4 to 12 This gradually achieves precise alignment from the center circle of the launcher to the axis of the tube hole, avoiding the cumulative error caused by one-time alignment and improving the overall alignment accuracy and experimental success rate.

[0045] In this embodiment, the collimating tube 17 is inserted into the bore of the multi-injection drift tube 15; the position of the emitter 13 within the axial collimating hole 171 of the collimating tube 17 is observed by transmitting light; the multi-injection drift tube 15 is rotated angularly so that the axial collimating hole 171 on the collimating tube 17 is inserted into the outer diameter of the corresponding emitter 13 to complete the alignment of the emitter 13 with the bore. Thus, alignment during the connection process is achieved through observation by transmitting light and angular fine-tuning, avoiding damage to the emitter surface, while improving the visibility and ease of operation of the alignment.

[0046] In this embodiment, the method for observing the position of the emitter 13 within the collimating tube 17 by transmitting light includes: illuminating the remaining holes of the multi-beam drift tube 15 that are not inserted into the collimating tube 17 with a light source; the light passes through the radial light-transmitting hole 172 on the collimating tube 17 and enters the axial collimating hole 171, allowing the experimental setup personnel to observe the position of the emitter 13 corresponding to the collimating tube 17 through the axial collimating hole 171 within the collimating tube 17. Thus, by illuminating the holes where the collimating tube 17 is not inserted and observing the emitter position using the collimating holes, optical principles are fully utilized to achieve indirect observation of the alignment process. This method is suitable for complex or multi-beam structures, enhancing the applicability and reliability of the alignment method.

[0047] The method of using the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device in this embodiment is as follows:

[0048] See Figures 4 to 12 Before the microwave experiment, firstly, use the first axial bolt 2 to fix the insulator 1 of the diode cathode centering structure of the multi-beam linear high-power microwave device. Figure 4 As shown, install it inside the diode outer cylinder 7, screw the left end of the shielding bowl 5 into the threaded hole on the right end of the insulator 1, and then use the second axial bolt 8 to press the diode plate 9 into place. Figure 4 As shown in the diagram, connect the diode outer cylinder 7 to its left flange and then connect it to the preceding high-voltage pulse source. Next, insert the left ends of n emitters 13 with a left outer diameter of φd into the n holes with a diameter of φd on the right end face of the cathode holder 6. Then, use the cathode axial bolts 3 to connect and fix the left end face of the cathode holder 6 with the inserted emitters 13 to the screw holes inside the shielding bowl 5. Finally, use eight third axial bolts 11 to pass through the anode cylinder 12.

[0049] Eight countersunk holes along the axial direction on the left flange lightly fix the anode cylinder 12 to the diode plate 9. Then, six radial adjusting bolts 10 are screwed into six radially distributed holes on the outer circumference of the left flange of the anode cylinder 12 and slightly abut against the outer diameter of the right flange of the diode plate 9. Figure 11(As shown in the enlarged view of A2), the circular centering cylinder 14 is then inserted from right to left into the hole on the right end axis of the anode cylinder 12, slowly approaching the multi-emission emitter 13. By fine-tuning the six evenly distributed radial adjusting bolts 10, the anode cylinder 12, carrying the circular centering cylinder 14, moves relative to the central circular axis of the emitter 13. When the circular centering cylinder 14 can be inserted from right to left onto the maximum outer diameter of the right end of the cathode seat 6, the six radial adjusting bolts 10 are locked, followed by the eight third axial bolts 11, completing the alignment of the axis of the anode cylinder 12 with the central circular axis of the emitter 13. Figure 4 (As shown) and remove the circular centering cylinder 14 from the right end of the anode cylinder 12. Then, insert the left end of the multi-injection drift tube 15 into the hole on the right flange axis of the anode cylinder 12, so that the center of the four waist-shaped countersunk holes with an angle of m° is roughly aligned with the center of the four bolt holes on the right flange of the multi-injection drift tube 15, and use four fourth axial bolts 16 to pass through the waist-shaped countersunk holes to lightly fix the multi-injection drift tube 15 to the anode cylinder 12. Then, insert the collimating tube 17 with an outer diameter of φd1 into any one of the tube holes of the multi-injection drift tube 15 from right to left, and stop inserting when it is 1mm to 3mm away from the emitter. Illuminate the remaining tube holes of the multi-injection drift tube 15 that are not into which the collimating tube 17 is inserted with a flashlight. The light will pass through the six rows of diameter φ2 ( Figure 12 The radial small hole (as shown in the enlarged view A3) allows the installer to observe the relative position of the launcher 13 within the small hole (axial alignment hole 171) with a diameter of φd2 on the left end axis of the collimating tube 17 from the right end face of the collimating tube 17. The installer slightly rotates the multi-injection drift tube 15 by hand to align the small hole with a diameter of φd2 on the left end axis of the collimating tube 17 with the corresponding launcher 13. When the small hole on the left end axis of the collimating tube 17 can be inserted from right to left into the outer surface of the launcher 13 without touching the outer diameter of the corresponding launcher 13, the fourth axial bolt 16 in the four waist-shaped countersunk holes is locked. This completes the alignment of the axis of the launcher 13 with the axis of the corresponding hole on the multi-injection drift tube 15, and the collimating tube 17 is removed from the right end of the multi-injection drift tube 15. Finally, insert two pins with an included angle of 180 degrees into the positioning pin through hole 18 of the multi-beam drift tube 15, and pass the corresponding pin hole of the first cavity of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19 (the connection between each high-frequency structure is also positioned by positioning pins designed in the same position as the multi-beam drift tube 15) through the pins on the multi-beam drift tube 15. Use 8 bolts to lock the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19 into the 8 axial threaded holes of the multi-beam drift tube 15 to complete the diode cathode alignment installation of the entire multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device.

[0050] The purpose of the diode cathode alignment structure for multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave devices in this embodiment is to address the shortcomings of existing diode cathode alignment installation methods during experimental debugging of multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave devices. It provides an alignment structure that aligns the axis of each emitter 13 of the cathode holder (angle 6 upwards) with the axis of the corresponding hole on the multi-beam drift tube 15, thereby improving the installation accuracy and consistency of diode cathode alignment during device experimental debugging and increasing work efficiency. This structure features the advantages of not requiring repeated vacuuming, not requiring repeated disassembly and reassembly of the multi-beam drift tube 15, simple debugging, and good alignment consistency.

[0051] A preferred diode cathode alignment structure for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device in this embodiment is described below:

[0052] The diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device in this embodiment includes an insulator 1, a cathode structure 100, an anode structure 200, a multi-beam drift tube 15, a circular alignment cylinder 14, a collimator 17, a magnet 300, and a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19. The cathode structure 100 and anode structure 200 are coaxially arranged from the inside out. The cathode structure 100 includes, from left to right, a shielding bowl 5, a cathode holder 6, and multiple emitters 13. The anode structure 200 includes, from left to right, a diode outer cylinder 7, a diode plate 9, and an anode cylinder 12. The right end of the diode outer cylinder 7 is connected to the diode plate 9 via a flange, and the left end flange of the diode outer cylinder 7 is bolted to the preceding high-voltage pulse source. The anode cylinder 12 has flanges at both ends; the left flange is connected to the diode plate 9, and the right flange is used to connect the multi-beam drift tube 15. The insulator 1 is placed inside the diode outer cylinder 7. The right end of the multi-beam drift tube 15 is connected to the high-frequency cavity of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19. The inner diameter of the magnet 300 is in close contact with the outer diameter of the anode cylinder 12 and the outer diameter of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19.

[0053] In the above technical solution, the diode outer cylinder 7 consists of a cylinder body and connecting pipes 4. Sixteen through holes and sixteen threaded blind holes are respectively provided on the outer and inner central circles of the flange at the left end of the cylinder body. The through holes are used for connecting the diode outer cylinder 7 to the high-voltage pulse source at the front electrode, and the threaded blind holes are used to fix the insulator 1 inside the cylinder body. Two DN40 radial connecting pipes 4 are provided at a certain position along the axis of the cylinder body. During microwave experiments, one connecting pipe is used to connect to the bellows for vacuuming, and the other connecting pipe is used to connect to the gauge tube for vacuum measurement. A recessed stop is provided on the flange at the right end of the diode outer cylinder 7.

[0054] In the above technical solution, a raised stop is provided on the left end face of the diode plate 9 corresponding to the concave stop position of the right end flange of the diode outer cylinder 7, so that the axes of the two parts are as coaxial as possible when the diode plate 9 and the diode outer cylinder 7 are connected.

[0055] In the above technical solution, six radially evenly distributed screw holes are provided on the outer circumference of the left flange of the anode cylinder 12. The third axial bolt 11 abuts against the outer diameter of the right end face of the diode plate 9 through these six screw holes. There are also eight countersunk holes and one notch along the axial direction on the left flange. The diameter of the notch is 2ΔR larger than the outer diameter of the right end of the diode plate 9 (see Appendix). Figure 2 (ΔR in the enlarged view of A2) The value of ΔR depends on the range of adjustment required for the axis of the anode cylinder 12 during the experiment. The flange at the right end of the anode cylinder 12 has four evenly distributed threaded blind holes at an angle, and an internal hole is also opened on the axis.

[0056] In the above technical solution, a boss is provided on the multi-injection drift tube 15 corresponding to the position of the inner hole of the right end flange of the anode cylinder 12. The outer diameter of the boss and the diameter of the inner hole on the right end axis of the anode cylinder 12 are transition-fitted. Four waist-shaped countersunk holes are provided on the multi-injection drift tube 15 corresponding to the positions of the four axial threaded blind holes on the right end flange of the anode cylinder 12. The radial width of the waist-shaped countersunk hole is 0.5 mm larger than the major diameter of the corresponding threaded blind hole, and its opening angle is m°. In addition, eight threaded through holes and four locating pin holes are provided on the central circle of the waist-shaped countersunk holes. n tube holes with a diameter of φd1 are provided on the circle corresponding to the central circle of the emitter 13 on the multi-injection drift tube 15, as shown in the figure. Figure 9 The DD cross-sectional diagram is shown in the figure, where n is the number of beams in the multi-beam linear high-power microwave device 19, i.e., the number of emitters 13.

[0057] In the above technical solution, the outer diameter of the left end of the insulator 1 and the inner diameter of the outer cylinder of the diode 7 are fitted with a transition fit. The left and right end faces of the insulator 1 are respectively connected to the left end face of the outer cylinder of the diode 7 and the left end face of the shielding bowl 5 by bolts, and the three are coaxial.

[0058] In the above technical solution, the shielding bowl 5 and the cathode seat 6 on the diode cathode can be integrally formed or fixed by other means.

[0059] In the above technical solution, n axial holes with a diameter of φd are provided on the circle corresponding to the center circle of the emitter 13 at the right end of the cathode seat 6.

[0060] In the above technical solution, the outer diameter φd at the left end of the emitter 13 and the axial small hole with diameter φd on the right end face of the cathode seat 6 are fitted with an interference fit, see Appendix Figure 10 In the enlarged view of A1, the outer diameter of the right end of the emitter 13 is φd2.

[0061] In the above technical solution, the outer diameter of the circular centering cylinder 14 and the inner diameter of the inner hole on the right end flange axis of the anode cylinder 12 are fitted with a clearance. The inner diameter of the circular centering cylinder 14 and the maximum outer diameter of the right end face of the cathode seat 6 are also fitted with a clearance. The clearance tolerance is obtained by decomposing the final centering error acceptable to the designer of the multi-beam linear high-power microwave device 19.

[0062] In the above technical solution, the outer diameter φd1 of the collimator 17 and the diameter φd1 of the tube hole on the multi-beam drift tube 15 are fitted with a clearance. The inner wall thickness of the inner hole on the right end axis of the collimator 17 is 1.5mm. An axial small hole with a diameter of φd2 is provided on the left end axis of the collimator 17. The inner diameter φd2 of this axial small hole is fitted with the outer diameter φd2 of the right end of the emitter 13 with a clearance. Four radial small holes are uniformly arranged at a certain position on the outer diameter of the left end of the collimator 17, arranged in a total of 6 rows. The diameter of the radial small holes is based on the requirement that light can pass through the small holes without forming an image. The fit tolerance of the two clearance fits on the collimator 17 is obtained by decomposing the final centering error acceptable to the designer of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19.

[0063] In the above technical solution, the material of the emitter 13 can be graphite, carbon fiber, etc., the material of the collimator 17 can be hard aluminum or stainless steel, the material of the insulator 1 can be reinforced nylon or ceramic, etc., and the material of the remaining components is non-magnetic stainless steel.

[0064] In the above technical solution, the magnet 300 can be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

[0065] A preferred method for aligning and assembling the diode cathode alignment structure of a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device in this embodiment is as follows:

[0066] Step 1: Install insulator 1 and shielding bowl 5. Install the left end of insulator 1 on the left flange inside the diode outer cylinder 7, and then connect the left end face of shielding bowl 5 to the right end face of insulator 1.

[0067] Step 2: Install the diode outer tube 7 and the diode board 9. Connect the left end flange of the diode outer tube 7 to the front high voltage pulse source. Then install the diode board 9 on the right end flange of the diode outer tube 7.

[0068] Step 3: Install the cathode holder 6 and the emitter 13. Insert n emitters 13 with an outer diameter of φd at the left end into the n axial holes with a diameter of φd on the right end face of the cathode holder 6. Then connect the left end face of the cathode holder 6 to the right end of the shielding bowl 5.

[0069] Step 4: Install the anode cylinder 12 and use the circular centering cylinder 14 to adjust the alignment between the central circular axis of the emitter 13 and the axis of the anode cylinder 12. Use eight third axial bolts 11 to lightly fix the anode cylinder 12 onto the diode plate 9 through the eight countersunk holes along the axial direction on the left end flange of the anode cylinder 12. Then, screw six radial adjusting bolts 10 into the six evenly distributed radial screw holes on the outer circumference of the left end flange of the anode cylinder 12 and lightly press them against the outer diameter of the right end of the diode plate 9. Finally, align the circular centering cylinder 14 with the anode cylinder 12. The inner hole on the right flange axis is inserted from right to left, slowly approaching the multi-emission emitter 13. By fine-tuning the six evenly distributed radial adjusting bolts 10, the anode cylinder 12, along with the circular centering cylinder 14, moves relative to the axis of the center circle of the emitter 13. When the circular centering cylinder 14 can be inserted from right to left onto the maximum outer diameter of the right end of the cathode seat 6, the six radial adjusting bolts 10 are locked, followed by the eight third axial bolts 11. This completes the alignment of the anode cylinder 12 axis with the axis of the center circle of the emitter 13. (See...) Figure 1 As shown, a circular centering cylinder 14 is taken out from the right end of the anode cylinder 12.

[0070] Step 5: Install the multi-injection drift tube 15 and use the collimator 17 to align the axis of the emitter 13 with the corresponding axis of the tube hole on the multi-injection drift tube 15. Insert the boss of the multi-injection drift tube 15 into the inner hole on the right flange axis of the anode cylinder 12, so that the corners of the four oblong countersunk holes are roughly aligned with the center of the four threaded blind holes on the right flange of the anode cylinder 12. Use four fourth axial bolts 16 to pass through the oblong countersunk holes to lightly fix the multi-injection drift tube 15 to the anode cylinder 12. Then, insert the collimator 17 with an outer diameter of φd1 into any one of the tube holes of the multi-injection drift tube 15 from right to left. Stop inserting when the distance from the emitter 13 is 1mm to 3mm. Illuminate with a flashlight. Without inserting the remaining holes of the collimator 17 into the multi-injection drift tube 15, the light can pass through the six rows of small holes on the left circumference of the collimator 17, allowing the installer to observe the relative position of the launcher 13 within the axial small hole with a diameter of φd2 at the left end of the collimator 17 from the right end face of the collimator 17. The installer slightly rotates the multi-injection drift tube 15 angularly by hand to align the launcher 13 with the axial small hole at the left end of the collimator 17, ensuring that the collimator 17 can be inserted from right to left into the outer surface of the launcher 13 without touching its outer diameter. Then, tighten the fourth axial bolts 16 in the four countersunk holes to complete the alignment of the launcher 13's axis with the corresponding hole axis on the multi-injection drift tube 15. See [link to documentation]. Figure 2 As shown, the collimation tube 17 is taken out from the right end of the multi-injection drift tube 15.

[0071] Step Six: Install the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19 and conduct microwave experimental research on the device. Insert two pins with an included angle of 180 degrees into the positioning pin through-hole 18 of the multi-beam drift tube 15. Pass the corresponding pin hole of the first cavity of the already assembled multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19 (the connection between each high-frequency structure is also positioned by pins set in the same position on the multi-beam drift tube 15) through the pins on the multi-beam drift tube 15. Use eight bolts to lock the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19 into the eight axial threaded through-holes of the multi-beam drift tube 15. This completes the diode cathode alignment installation of the entire multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device. See Figure 3 As shown. Finally, the two connecting pipes on the anode cylinder 12 are connected to the bellows for evacuation and the gauge pipe for measuring vacuum, respectively. By connecting the radiation system to the right end of the multi-beam linear high-power microwave device 19, evacuating the vacuum, and applying a magnetic field, experimental research on the device can be carried out.

[0072] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device in this embodiment are as follows: The diode cathode alignment structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device adopts a structure in which radial adjustment bolts 10 are set on the anode cylinder 12, waist-shaped countersunk holes are set on the multi-beam drift tube 15, and a collimating tube 17 with multiple rows of small holes in the circumferential direction is designed based on the circular alignment cylinder 14 tooling. This allows for the alignment of the axis of the emitter 13 with the corresponding hole axis on the drift tube of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19 before the device emits the electron beam, eliminating the need for repeated device disassembly and assembly and repeated vacuuming. The adjustment is simple, the alignment consistency is good, and the work efficiency during device debugging is improved. This alignment structure can be well applied to the experimental research and debugging of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device 19.

[0073] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0074] Optionally, specific examples in this embodiment can refer to the examples described in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0075] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0076] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A diode cathode alignment structure for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device, characterized in that, include: Insulator (1), cathode structure (100), anode structure (200), multi-beam drift tube (15), centering tube (14), collimator (17) and multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device (19); The cathode structure (100) and the anode structure (200) are coaxially arranged from the inside to the outside; The cathode structure (100) includes a shielding bowl (5), a cathode seat (6), and multiple emitters (13) arranged sequentially along a preset direction. The anode structure (200) includes a diode outer cylinder (7), a diode plate (9) and an anode cylinder (12) arranged sequentially along a preset direction. The multi-injection drift tube (15) is connected to the anode cylinder (12), and the multi-injection drift tube (15) is provided with a waist-shaped countersunk hole and a tube hole corresponding to the emitter (13); The centering cylinder (14) and the cathode seat (6) are detachably disposed; the centering cylinder (14) is used to observe and check the alignment of the central circular axis of the emitter (13) with the axis of the anode cylinder (12); The collimating tube (17) is provided with an axial collimating hole (171) and a radial light-transmitting hole (172) to observe and check the alignment of the axis of the emitter (13) with the axis of the corresponding hole on the multi-jet drift tube (15) through the collimating tube (17). The multi-beam linear high-power microwave device (19) is connected to the aligned multi-beam drift tube (15).

2. The diode cathode alignment structure for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial collimation hole (171) is provided to penetrate along the axial direction of the collimation tube (17); and / or, there are multiple radial light-transmitting holes (172), and the multiple radial light-transmitting holes (172) are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the collimation tube (17).

3. The diode cathode alignment structure for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-beam drift tube (15) has multiple drift tube holes at positions corresponding to the central circle diameter of the multi-beam emitter (13), and the number of tube holes is the same as the number of emitters; the drift tube holes are used to insert the collimating tube (17), and the drift tube holes are used for the electron beam emitted by the emitter (13) to pass through the drift tube holes and enter the high-frequency structure of the multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device during subsequent microwave experiments.

4. The diode cathode alignment structure for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-injection drift tube (15) is provided with a waist-shaped countersunk hole; when the axis of the tube hole on the multi-injection drift tube (15) is finely adjusted along the angular direction, the fourth axial bolt (16) can pass through the waist-shaped countersunk hole and be inserted into the threaded blind hole on the anode cylinder (12); the fourth axial bolt (16) is used to fix the multi-injection drift tube (15) and the anode cylinder (12) axially after the axis of the tube hole on the multi-injection drift tube is aligned with the axis of the corresponding emitter.

5. The diode cathode alignment structure for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the centering cylinder (14) is clearance-fitted with the inner hole of the anode cylinder (12); the inner diameter of the centering cylinder (14) is clearance-fitted with the maximum outer diameter of the end of the cathode seat (6).

6. The diode cathode alignment structure for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flange connecting the anode cylinder (12) and the diode plate (9) is provided with a mounting groove; a portion of the diode plate (9) is disposed in the mounting groove; a plurality of radial adjusting bolts (10) are provided on the side wall of the mounting groove; the plurality of radial adjusting bolts (10) are evenly distributed along the angular direction; the plurality of radial adjusting bolts (10) are connected to the radial screw holes of the anode cylinder (12) to adjust the radial position of the axis of the anode cylinder (12) through the radial adjusting bolts (10).

7. The diode cathode alignment structure for a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emitter (13) is interference-fitted with the axial small hole on the cathode seat (6); and / or, The emitters (13) are multiple, and the multiple emitters (13) are evenly arranged in the small holes on the cathode seat (6) along the angular direction; and / or, The centering cylinder (14) is an annular cylindrical structure.

8. A method for aligning a diode cathode using the diode cathode alignment structure of a multi-beam linear beam high-power microwave device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The centering method includes: Install insulator (1), shielding bowl (5), diode outer cylinder (7) and diode board (9); Install the cathode holder (6) and the emitter (13); The anode cylinder (12) is mounted on the diode plate (9); Install the centering cylinder (14) into the anode cylinder (12), and fine-tune the radial adjusting bolt (10) on the anode cylinder (12) so that the centering cylinder (14) is inserted into the maximum outer diameter of the cathode seat (6) to adjust the alignment of the central circular axis of the emitter (13) with the axis of the anode cylinder (12); Disassemble the centering cylinder (14) and install the multi-injection drift tube (15); Install the collimator (17) into the multi-jet drift tube (15), and use the collimator (17) to adjust the alignment of the axis of the launcher (13) with the axis of the corresponding tube hole on the multi-jet drift tube (15); Disassemble the collimator (17), install the multi-beam linear high-power microwave device (19), and conduct microwave experiments.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The steps for adjusting the alignment using the collimator (17) include: Insert the collimation tube (17) into the bore of the multi-injection drift tube (15); The position of the emitter (13) within the axial collimation hole (171) of the collimation tube (17) can be observed by transmitting light. The multi-particle drift tube (15) is rotated angularly so that the axial alignment hole (171) on the alignment tube (17) is inserted into the outer diameter of the corresponding launcher (13) to complete the alignment of the launcher (13) with the tube hole.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Methods for observing the position of the emitter (13) within the collimator (17) by transmitting light include: The light source is used to illuminate the remaining holes on the multi-drift tube (15) that are not inserted into the collimating tube (17). The light shines through the radial light-transmitting hole (172) on the collimating tube (17) into the axial collimating hole (171), so that the experimental installer can observe the position of the emitter (13) corresponding to the collimating tube (17) through the axial collimating hole (171) in the collimating tube (17).

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