A gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experimental system

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of advanced self-pressurized gas-solid two-phase combustion system research and design, and particularly relates to a gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experimental system. The gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experimental system comprises a plurality of gas cylinders, flow valves, carbon powder boxes, valves, carbon powder mixers, fuel gas heaters, air heaters and rotating detonation combustors; the system can simulate the mixing and ignition process of primary fuel gas and incoming air entering the combustion chamber, and obtain the working map of the gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation engine under full working condition conditions by monitoring experimental signals such as pressure, temperature and thrust.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of advanced self-pressurized gas-solid two-phase combustion system research and design, and particularly relates to a gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experimental system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Solid ramjet is an important direction of the development of tactical weapon system. In the solid ramjet, the primary gas generated by solid propellant and the airflow captured by the inlet enter the afterburning chamber for mixing and combustion, and the mixing and combustion efficiency directly affects the overall performance of the engine. In the traditional constant pressure afterburning chamber, the primary gas and air burn through the diffusion flame in the shear layer, and this combustion organization method has low mixing efficiency, resulting in a large size of the afterburning chamber and an uncompact structure of the engine. As an advanced combustion organization method, rotating detonation has the advantages of high cycle thermal efficiency, compact structure and continuous thrust. Using a rotating detonation chamber instead of the traditional constant pressure combustion chamber of the solid ramjet can improve the mixing and combustion efficiency of the engine and shorten the structure size of the engine, thus having potential performance advantages.

[0003] However, the primary gas generated by the solid propellant contains not only hydrogen and carbon monoxide, but also a large amount of metal and non-metal particles such as carbon powder, aluminum powder and boron powder. These combustible particles participate in the mixing and combustion process with the gaseous fuel, resulting in complex gas-solid two-phase combustion in the rotating detonation chamber. At present, the related research on gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation is not complete, and the existing research results are not sufficient to support the design and performance evaluation of the solid ramjet rotating detonation engine, so the related experimental research is urgently needed.

[0004] The solid propellant is high in cost and high in risk, and the generated gas is difficult to adjust quickly, so it is difficult to quickly obtain the working map of the gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation chamber in the full operating condition range by directly using the solid propellant for experiment. SUMMARY

[0005] (I) Technical problem to be solved

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is how to simulate the composition of the primary gas generated by the solid propellant under real operating conditions and how to realize the heating of the simulated primary gas and air.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experimental system, which comprises a plurality of gas cylinders, flow valves, carbon powder boxes, valves, carbon powder mixers, gas heaters, air heaters and rotating detonation combustors.

[0009] The working process of the experimental system comprises:

[0010] Step 1: According to the formula of the propellant, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen respectively output from a plurality of gas cylinders connected with flow valves are mixed in a certain ratio to simulate the gas phase components of primary fuel gas;

[0011] The mixed gas enters the carbon powder mixer, and the carbon powder output from the carbon powder box connected with the valve flows into the carbon powder mixer from top to bottom, and the gas passes through the carbon powder mixer from left to right, so that the gas and the powder particles are fully mixed to obtain a gas-solid two-phase mixture;

[0012] After flowing out of the carbon powder mixer, the gas-solid two-phase mixture enters the gas collection cavity of the fuel gas heater, and the mixture in the gas collection cavity is heated by countercurrent heat exchange with the high-temperature gas in the heating sleeve, and then discharged, thereby realizing the simulation of primary fuel gas;

[0013] Step 2: Air enters the air heater at a set flow rate;

[0014] Step 3: The heated gas-solid two-phase mixture and air enter the rotating detonation combustion chamber, and are ignited through the pre-detonation tube to form a rotating detonation wave;

[0015] During the process, the working process inside the combustion chamber is obtained by monitoring the combustion chamber pressure, temperature and thrust signals.

[0016] In step 1, according to the formula of the propellant, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen are output from the gas cylinders in a certain ratio, form a gas-solid two-phase mixture after passing through the carbon powder mixer, and then are heated by the fuel gas heater to reach the temperature of primary fuel gas, thereby realizing the simulation of solid propellant primary fuel gas.

[0017] In step 2, the air is heated by the heater to simulate the incoming flow temperature under real working conditions.

[0018] In step 3, the gas-solid two-phase mixture and the high-temperature air enter the rotating detonation combustion chamber in a choked manner, are ignited through the pre-detonation tube to form a rotating detonation wave.

[0019] In step 1, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen are output from the gas cylinders in a certain ratio and enter the carbon powder mixer; in the carbon powder mixer, the valve is opened, the carbon powder flows into the carbon powder mixer from top to bottom from the carbon powder box, and is carried out of the carbon powder mixer by the conveying gas to form a gas-solid two-phase mixture.

[0020] The carbon powder mixer is provided below with a groove for recycling the carbon powder not carried away by the gas.

[0021] The experimental system further comprises an oil tank and an oil pump.

[0022] After the gas-solid two-phase mixture flows out of the carbon powder mixer, it enters the gas collection cavity of the fuel gas heater, and the outside of the gas collection cavity is sleeved with a heating sleeve, kerosene and oxygen output from the oil tank through the oil pump enter the heating sleeve and are ignited by a spark plug, and after combustion, they become high-temperature gas, which is discharged from the heating sleeve through the spiral-shaped exhaust pipe wound on the surface of the gas collection cavity, so as to prolong the residence time of the high-temperature gas in the heating sleeve and achieve sufficient heating of the gas collection cavity as much as possible.

[0023] The wall of the heating sleeve adopts heat insulation measures to reduce heat loss.

[0024] The heated high-temperature gas-solid two-phase mixture is discharged from the gas collection cavity, and the discharged gas is the simulation gas of the propellant primary fuel gas.

[0025] The experimental system further comprises an oil tank and an oil pump.

[0026] In step 2, air is input into the air heater at a set flow rate, and kerosene and oxygen output from the oil tank through the oil pump are simultaneously input into the air heater at an equivalent ratio and ignited by a spark plug, so as to heat the air by means of the kerosene / oxygen flame.

[0027] Since the heating temperature of the air is not high and the flow rate of kerosene and oxygen is small, the influence on the air gas component is negligible.

[0028] In step 3, the heated gas-solid two-phase mixture enters the annular rotating detonation combustor through the choked flow channel, and the air enters the rotating detonation combustor through the inclined small hole or annular gap.

[0029] A pre-detonation tube is arranged near the head of the rotating detonation combustor, which generates high-temperature and high-pressure gas to detonate the mixture and form a rotating detonation wave.

[0030] Pressure and temperature sensors are arranged on the inner wall of the rotating detonation combustor, and a thrust sensor is installed on the experimental bench to monitor the working process of the engine.

[0031] The gas collection cavity, the heating sleeve and the subsequent gas guide pipe of the fuel gas heater are made of nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and a carbon phenolic and epoxy resin heat insulation layer is pasted on the inner wall of the rotating detonation combustion chamber, or a water cooling sleeve is added to the outer wall surface.

[0032] The remaining components are made of heat-resistant stainless steel.

[0033] (Three) beneficial effects

[0034] Based on the existing status, the application provides a design scheme of a gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experiment system, and realizes simulation of primary gas and airflow under real engine working condition through gas proportioning and heating.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of the application are embodied in the following aspects:

[0036] (1) The carbon powder mixer is designed to realize sufficient mixing of gas and solid particles. By adjusting the opening degree of the valve, the gas component and the particle content can be adjusted in a wide range.

[0037] (2) The gas heater is designed to heat the gas-solid two-phase mixture to above 1400K.

[0038] (3) The air heater is designed to heat the air to 700K.

[0039] (4) The choke flow channel design meets the sonic injection condition of the rotating detonation combustion chamber inlet.

[0040] (5) Through the design of the whole experiment scheme, the flow rate and temperature of the simulated primary gas and air can be adjusted in a wide working condition range. Through the combustion diagnosis and analysis of the rotating detonation combustion chamber, the working map of the gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation engine in the whole working condition range is obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 The figure is a whole structure diagram of the technical scheme of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, content and advantages of the application clearer, the specific embodiments of the application are described in further detail below in combination with the drawings and examples.

[0043] The primary gas component generated by the solid propellant is usually relatively complex, including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and other hydrocarbon fuel gases, and some non-combustible inert gases. In addition, there are usually a high content of combustible particles, such as carbon powder, aluminum powder and boron powder, in the primary gas. These make the simulation of the primary gas very difficult, especially how to solve the problem of uniform mixing of the gas-solid two-phase. On the other hand, the temperature of the primary gas of the solid propellant can reach above 1400K, which makes it necessary to use a large flow of heated gas when simulating the gas temperature. This part of the gas is directly mixed and heated with the simulated gas, which can cause serious deviation of the gas component, and therefore only heat exchange can be used for heating.

[0044] This invention solves the aforementioned problems through a systematic experimental design. First, based on the propellant formulation, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen are mixed in a specific ratio to simulate the gaseous components of primary combustion gas. The mixed gas enters a carbon powder mixer, where carbon powder flows from top to bottom while the gas flows from left to right, ensuring thorough mixing of the gas and powder particles. After exiting the carbon powder mixer, the gas-solid two-phase mixture enters the gas collection chamber of the gas heater. The mixture in the collection chamber is heated through convective heat exchange with the high-temperature gas in the heating sleeve before being discharged, thus simulating primary combustion gas. Second, air enters the air heater at a set flow rate. Since the air heating temperature is not high, a direct high-temperature gas-air mixing heating method is used, and the influence of the high-temperature gas on the air composition is negligible. Finally, the heated gas-solid two-phase mixture and air enter the rotating detonation combustion chamber through a blockage-type flow channel, where detonation is initiated by a pre-detonation tube, forming a rotating detonation wave. The working process inside the combustion chamber is obtained by monitoring the pressure, temperature, and thrust signals.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experimental system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experimental system includes: multiple gas cylinders, flow valves, toner cartridges, valves, toner mixers, gas heaters, air heaters, and rotating detonation burners;

[0047] The working process of the experimental system includes:

[0048] Step 1: Based on the propellant formula, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen, which are output from multiple gas cylinders equipped with flow valves, are mixed in a certain ratio to simulate the gas phase components of primary combustion gas.

[0049] The mixed gas enters the toner mixer. The toner powder output from the toner powder box with valves flows into the toner mixer from top to bottom, while the gas passes through the toner mixer from left to right, so as to achieve full mixing of gas and powder particles and obtain a gas-solid two-phase mixture.

[0050] After flowing out of the toner mixer, the gas-solid two-phase mixture enters the gas collecting chamber of the gas heater. The mixture in the collecting chamber is heated by convective heat exchange with the high-temperature gas in the heating sleeve, and then discharged. This completes the simulation of primary gas combustion.

[0051] Step 2: Air enters the air heater at a set flow rate. Since the air heating temperature is not high, the method of directly heating by mixing high-temperature gas with air is adopted. The influence of high-temperature gas on the air composition can be ignored.

[0052] Step 3: The heated gas-solid two-phase mixture and air enter the rotating detonation combustion chamber through the choked flow channel, and the rotating detonation wave is formed by the pre-detonation tube.

[0053] During the process, the working process inside the combustion chamber is obtained by monitoring the pressure, temperature and thrust signals of the combustion chamber.

[0054] In step 1, according to the propellant formula, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen are output from the gas cylinder in a certain proportion, and after passing through the carbon powder mixer, a gas-solid two-phase mixture is formed, and then heated by the gas heater to achieve the first gas temperature, realizing the simulation of the first gas of the solid propellant.

[0055] In step 2, the air is heated by the heater to simulate the incoming flow temperature under real working conditions.

[0056] In step 3, the gas-solid two-phase mixture and high-temperature air enter the rotating detonation combustion chamber in a choked manner, and the rotating detonation wave is formed by the pre-detonation tube.

[0057] In step 1, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen are output from the gas cylinder in a certain proportion and enter the carbon powder mixer; after the valve is opened, the carbon powder flows from the carbon powder cartridge into the carbon powder mixer from top to bottom, and is carried out of the carbon powder mixer by the conveying gas to form a gas-solid two-phase mixture.

[0058] The carbon powder mixer is provided with a groove below to recycle the carbon powder not carried away by the gas.

[0059] The experimental system further comprises an oil tank and an oil pump.

[0060] In step 1, after flowing out of the carbon powder mixer, the gas-solid two-phase mixture enters the gas collection cavity of the gas heater, and a heating sleeve is sleeved outside the gas collection cavity; kerosene and oxygen output from the oil tank through the oil pump enter the heating sleeve and are ignited by the spark plug, and after combustion, they become high-temperature gas, which is discharged from the heating sleeve through the spiral exhaust pipe wound on the surface of the gas collection cavity, thereby prolonging the residence time of the high-temperature gas in the heating sleeve and achieving sufficient heating of the gas collection cavity.

[0061] The wall of the heating sleeve adopts heat insulation measures to reduce heat loss.

[0062] The heated high-temperature gas-solid two-phase mixture is discharged from the gas collection cavity, and the discharged gas is the simulation gas of the first gas of the propellant.

[0063] The experimental system further comprises an oil tank and an oil pump.

[0064] In step 2, air is input into the air heater at a set flow rate, kerosene and oxygen output from the oil tank through the oil pump are input into the air heater at an equivalent ratio, and the kerosene / oxygen flame ignites the air;

[0065] Since the air heating temperature is not high, the flow rate of kerosene and oxygen is small, and the influence on the air gas component is negligible.

[0066] In step 3, the heated gas-solid two-phase mixture enters the annular rotating detonation combustor through the choked flow channel, and the air enters the rotating detonation combustor through the inclined small hole or annular gap.

[0067] A pre-detonation tube is arranged near the head of the rotating detonation combustor, high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the pre-detonation tube detonates the mixture to form a rotating detonation wave.

[0068] Pressure and temperature sensors are arranged on the inner wall of the rotating detonation combustor, and a thrust sensor is arranged on the experimental bench to monitor the working process of the engine.

[0069] The gas heater, the gas collection cavity, the heating sleeve and the subsequent gas pipe are made of nickel-based high-temperature alloy, the inner wall of the rotating detonation combustion chamber is pasted with carbon phenolic and epoxy resin heat insulation layer, or a water cooling sleeve is added to the outer wall surface.

[0070] The remaining components are made of heat-resistant stainless steel.

[0071] In the preferred examples of the present application, each component is formed by machining and 3D printing, and is connected by flanges, threads and welding, the flanges are sealed by sealing pads, and the threaded connections are sealed by glue.

[0072] In summary, the present application belongs to the technical field of advanced self-pressurized gas-solid two-phase combustion system research and design, and particularly relates to a gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experimental system. In a solid ramjet engine, a rotating detonation combustion chamber is used instead of a traditional constant pressure combustion chamber, which can improve the cycle thermal efficiency and shorten the engine structure size. In the engine, the primary gas generated by the solid propellant and the incoming airflow captured by the inlet enter the rotating detonation combustion chamber to mix and ignite, forming a rotating detonation wave. The primary gas is usually a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and contains a certain amount of metal and non-metal particles, such as carbon powder, aluminum powder and boron powder. Therefore, there is a gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation process in the combustion chamber, and the combustion efficiency and stability of the process have an important influence on the overall performance of the engine. In order to systematically study the gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation process and provide a theoretical basis for the design of solid ramjet rotating detonation engines, the present application proposes a design scheme of a gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experimental system, which can simulate the mixing and ignition process of the primary gas and the incoming airflow entering the combustion chamber, and obtain the working map of the gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation engine under full working condition conditions by monitoring experimental signals such as pressure, temperature and thrust.

[0073] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principles of the present application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experiment system, characterized in that, The gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation experiment system comprises a plurality of gas cylinders, flow valves, carbon powder boxes, valves, carbon powder mixers, fuel gas heaters, air heaters and rotating detonation combustors. The working process of the experiment system comprises the following steps: Step 1: According to the formula of the propellant, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen respectively output from the plurality of gas cylinders connected with the flow valves are mixed in a certain ratio to simulate the gas phase components of the primary fuel gas; The mixed gas enters the carbon powder mixer, and the carbon powder output from the carbon powder box connected with the valve flows into the carbon powder mixer from top to bottom, and the gas passes through the carbon powder mixer from left to right, so that the gas and the powder particles are fully mixed to obtain a gas-solid two-phase mixture; After flowing out of the carbon powder mixer, the gas-solid two-phase mixture enters the gas collection cavity of the fuel gas heater, and the mixture in the gas collection cavity is heated by countercurrent heat exchange with the high-temperature gas in the heating sleeve, and then discharged, thereby realizing the simulation of the primary fuel gas; Step 2: The air enters the air heater at a set flow rate; Step 3: The heated gas-solid two-phase mixture and the air enter the rotating detonation combustion chamber, are ignited through the pre-detonation tube, and form a rotating detonation wave; During the process, the working process inside the combustion chamber is obtained by monitoring the combustion chamber pressure, temperature and thrust signals; The experiment system further comprises an oil tank and an oil pump; In step 1, after flowing out of the carbon powder mixer, the gas-solid two-phase mixture enters the gas collection cavity of the fuel gas heater, and a heating sleeve is sleeved outside the gas collection cavity, kerosene and oxygen output from the oil tank through the oil pump enter the heating sleeve and are ignited by a spark plug, and after combustion, become high-temperature gas, the high-temperature gas is discharged from the heating sleeve through the spiral exhaust pipe wound on the surface of the gas collection cavity, so as to prolong the residence time of the high-temperature gas in the heating sleeve, realize sufficient heating of the gas collection cavity, and the heating sleeve wall adopts heat insulation measures to reduce heat loss; The heated high-temperature gas-solid two-phase mixture is discharged from the gas collection cavity, and the discharged gas is the simulated gas of the primary fuel gas of the propellant. In step 1, according to the formula of the propellant, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen are output from the gas cylinders in a certain ratio, form a gas-solid two-phase mixture after passing through the carbon powder mixer, and then are heated by the fuel gas heater to reach the temperature of the primary fuel gas, thereby realizing the simulation of the primary fuel gas of the solid propellant.

2. The gas-solids two-phase rotating detonation experiment system of claim 1, wherein, In step 2, the air is heated by the heater to simulate the incoming flow temperature under real working conditions.

3. The gas-solids two-phase rotating detonation experiment system of claim 2, wherein, In step 3, the gas-solid two-phase mixture and the high-temperature air enter the rotating detonation combustion chamber in a choked manner, are ignited through the pre-detonation tube, and form a rotating detonation wave.

4. The gas-solids two-phase rotating detonation experiment system of claim 3, wherein, In step 1, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen are output from the gas cylinders in a certain ratio and enter the carbon powder mixer; after the valve is opened, the carbon powder flows into the carbon powder mixer from top to bottom from the carbon powder box and is carried out of the carbon powder mixer by the conveying gas to form a gas-solid two-phase mixture.

5. The gas-solids two-phase rotating detonation experiment system of claim 4, wherein, A groove is arranged below the carbon powder mixer to recycle the carbon powder not carried away by the gas.

6. The gas-solids two-phase rotating detonation experiment system of claim 5, wherein, The experiment system further comprises an oil tank and an oil pump; 7. The gas-solids two-phase rotating detonation experiment system of claim 1, wherein, ​ In step 2, air is input into the air heater at a set flow rate, and kerosene and oxygen output from the oil tank through the oil pump are input into the air heater at an equivalent ratio and ignited by a spark plug, so as to heat the air by means of the kerosene / oxygen flame; Since the air heating temperature is not high, and the flow rates of kerosene and oxygen are small, the influence on the air gas composition is negligible.

8. The gas-solids two-phase rotating detonation experiment system of claim 1, wherein, In step 3, the heated gas-solid two-phase mixture passes through the choked flow channel into the annular rotating detonation combustor, and air passes through the oblique small hole or annular gap into the rotating detonation combustor; A pre-detonation tube is arranged near the head of the rotating detonation combustor, which generates high-temperature and high-pressure gas to detonate the mixture and form a rotating detonation wave; Pressure and temperature sensors are arranged on the inner wall of the rotating detonation combustor, and a thrust sensor is arranged on the experimental bench to monitor the working process of the engine.

9. The gas-solids two-phase rotating detonation experiment system of claim 1, wherein, The gas collector, heating sleeve and subsequent gas guide pipe of the gas heater are made of nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and a carbon phenolic and epoxy resin heat insulation layer is pasted on the inner wall of the rotating detonation combustion chamber, or a water cooling sleeve is added to the outer wall surface; The remaining components are made of heat-resistant stainless steel.

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