A micro-fracture width calculation method and system based on an electrical imaging plate-shaped body model

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of microfracture width calculation method and system based on electric imaging plate model, it includes: based on plate formation model, the fracture width of plate formation, angle, length and mud resistivity, matrix resistivity electric signal response are obtained;From the electric signal response result, the response law of fracture parameter of electric imaging is extracted, and the fracture width representation formula of the fracture angle of the fracture position based on resistivity disturbance rate and electric imaging extraction is obtained according to the response law of fracture parameter;After electric imaging instrument calibration, the final resistivity fracture width calculation result is obtained.The present application can solve the problem that the calculation error of fracture of 100 microns level is larger using traditional fracture width calculation formula, and can be widely applied in the field of petroleum geological exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petroleum geological exploration technology, and in particular to a method and system for calculating microfracture width based on an electro-imaging plate-like body model. Background Technology

[0002] Fracture width is positively correlated with the porosity and permeability of fractured reservoirs. Accurate evaluation of fracture width information plays a crucial role in estimating reserves and predicting production capacity of carbonate reservoirs and buried hill metamorphic reservoirs. Fracture widths in formations are typically on the micrometer scale. The main logging methods for evaluating fractured reservoirs are electrical imaging, acoustic imaging, and array acoustic logging. Among these, electrical imaging is currently the best logging method for quantitatively evaluating microfracture width due to its wide applicability and high sensitivity to fracture parameters.

[0003] Calculating the width of microfractures directly using electro-optical imaging is difficult; therefore, the apparent fracture aperture (fracture opening perpendicular to the fracture strike) is typically used. According to finite element method simulations by Luthi SM et al. of Schlumberger, fracture aperture is related to the conductivity anomaly at the fracture. The area of ​​the conductivity anomaly is determined by the fracture aperture and the resistivity of the intrusion zone near the wellbore. The most commonly used formula for calculating fracture aperture in electro-optical imaging is as follows:

[0004] W = c * A * R m b *R xo 1-b

[0005] In the above formula, c and b are instrument parameters, Rm is mud resistivity, Rxo is flushed zone resistivity, and A is the area of ​​current anomaly caused by the fracture, mainly used for point-by-point fracture aperture calculation. Therefore, when evaluating the fracture width within a formation, the main influencing parameter of W is the current anomaly area A, and A is calculated by reading from the processed electrical imaging image.

[0006] The generation of conventional electro-optical imaging images requires signal synthesis and focusing to combine the signals from button electrodes at different locations into an initial electro-optical imaging signal. This is followed by a series of data preprocessing steps, such as image data equalization to ensure electrode consistency and EMEX voltage correction to highlight subtle changes in local formations. Furthermore, a series of image generation processes are needed, including static chromaticity calibration for whole-well formation standardization, dynamic chromaticity calibration to enhance local formation features, image enhancement to further highlight formation details, image filtering to eliminate anomalous signals, and image refinement to highlight fractures and porosity. Additionally, in actual electro-optical logging, different electrode adhesion conditions can cause fracture widths on the image to vary several times. While these image processing methods generate intuitive electro-optical imaging results, they also adjust the boundaries of the current anomaly region, resulting in inconsistent calculation standards for the current anomaly region area A at different depths. This makes it difficult to obtain an accurate A even after calibration, severely interfering with the quantitative evaluation of fracture width.

[0007] Furthermore, under extreme well conditions of high matrix resistivity and low formation water resistivity in buried hill metamorphic rock reservoirs, c and b in Schlumberger's electro-imaging fracture aperture calculation formula are instrument parameters that require further calibration. More importantly, it is obviously very difficult to accurately evaluate microfractures of about 0.1 mm by using the current anomaly area A generated by the 3-4 mm button electrode on the electro-imaging emitting plate. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a method and system for calculating the width of microcracks based on an electro-imaging plate-like model. This method can solve the problem of large calculation errors for cracks at the hundred-micrometer level using traditional crack width calculation formulas, and make up for the inaccuracy in the assessment and calculation of cracks at the hundred-micrometer level.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for calculating microfracture width based on an electro-imaging plate-like model, comprising: obtaining the fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity electrical signal responses of the plate-like formation based on the plate-like formation model; extracting the fracture parameter response law from the electro-imaging from the electrical signal response results; obtaining a fracture width characterization calculation formula based on the resistivity perturbation rate of the fracture location and the fracture dip angle extracted by electro-imaging according to the fracture parameter response law; and obtaining the final resistivity fracture width calculation result after calibration of the electro-imaging instrument.

[0010] Furthermore, the plate-shaped formation model is a plate-shaped formation model that is closely attached to the button electrode.

[0011] Furthermore, the acquisition of the electrical signal response includes:

[0012] Finite element forward modeling with nonlinear conjugate gradient descent was used to obtain the electrical signal responses of fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity in plate-like formations.

[0013] Furthermore, the fracture parameter response law is as follows: based on the response results, three main influencing parameters, fracture width, angle, and fracture resistivity, are obtained, along with a calculation chart of the formation fracture width in the wellbore. The resistivity disturbance rate represents the magnitude of the fracture response.

[0014] Furthermore, the resistivity perturbation rate is:

[0015] x=(R b -R t ) / R b ,

[0016] In the formula, x is the resistivity perturbation rate, Rt is the resistivity observation value at the fracture location, Rb is the matrix response of the formation, and (Rb-Rt) is the resistivity perturbation value.

[0017] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the crack width is as follows:

[0018] y = (-0.1029*θ + 8.7924)*(1-x) 0.0022*θ-1.0145 ,

[0019] Where y is the crack width, x is the resistivity perturbation rate, and θ is the crack dip angle.

[0020] A microfracture width calculation system based on an electro-imaging plate-like formation model includes: a first processing module, which acquires the electrical signal responses of fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity of the plate-like formation based on the plate-like formation model; a calculation module, which extracts the fracture parameter response law from the electro-imaging from the electrical signal response results, and obtains the fracture width characterization calculation formula based on the resistivity perturbation rate of the fracture location and the fracture dip angle extracted by electro-imaging according to the fracture parameter response law; and a calibration module, which obtains the final resistivity fracture width calculation result after calibration by an electro-imaging instrument.

[0021] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the crack width is as follows:

[0022] y = (-0.1029*θ + 8.7924)*(1-x) 0.0022*θ-1.0145 ,

[0023] Where y is the crack width, x is the resistivity perturbation rate, and θ is the crack dip angle.

[0024] A computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs including instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform any of the methods described above.

[0025] A computing device includes: one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs include instructions for performing any of the methods described above.

[0026] The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solutions:

[0027] This invention obtains a simplified database of various fracture parameters in wellbore formations through extensive finite element simulations. By analyzing the response patterns of fracture width, angle, length, and mud resistivity, a fracture width characterization formula based on fracture disturbance rate and fracture angle is derived. After calibration with an electrical imaging instrument, the high-precision fracture width of micro-fractures can be calculated. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a microcrack width calculation method based on an electro-imaging plate-like body model in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a plate-shaped formation that uses a plate-shaped formation closely attached to a button electrode to simplify the electrical imaging crack model that characterizes the entire three-dimensional electrical imaging space in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the forward resistivity response of the fracture width, fracture angle, fracture length, and mud resistivity of a plate-like formation in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between resistivity perturbation rate and crack width in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the resistivity crack width calculation result obtained after calibration of the crack width through electro-imaging in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0035] To address the issue of significant errors in traditional fracture width calculation formulas for fractures at the hundred-micrometer level, this invention provides a method and system for calculating microfracture width based on an electro-imaging plate-like formation model. The method includes: simplifying and characterizing the entire three-dimensional electro-imaging space using a plate-like formation model closely attached to a button electrode; obtaining the electrical signal responses of fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity of the plate-like formation through finite element forward modeling with nonlinear conjugate gradient descent; extracting the influence laws of fracture parameters from a large number of response results; deriving a fracture width characterization formula based on fracture perturbation rate and fracture angle according to the response laws; and confirming, after calibration with an electro-imaging instrument, that this formula can be used for high-precision fracture width calculation of microfractures. This invention can be used for high-precision fracture width calculation of microfractures at the hundred-micrometer level.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for calculating microfracture width based on an electro-imaging plate-like model is provided. In this embodiment, the method can be used to characterize microfracture width in carbonate or granite reservoirs, enabling parameter evaluation and productivity prediction of fractured reservoirs. Specifically, as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0037] 1) Based on the plate-like formation model, obtain the electrical signal responses of fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity in the plate-like formation;

[0038] 2) Extract the crack parameter response law from the electrical signal response results, and obtain the crack width characterization calculation formula based on the resistivity perturbation rate based on the crack location and the crack dip angle extracted by the electrical imaging according to the crack parameter response law.

[0039] 3) After calibration by the electrical imaging instrument, the final resistivity crack width calculation result is obtained.

[0040] In step 1) above, the plate-like formation model is a plate-like formation model closely attached to the button electrode, which simplifies the characterization of the entire three-dimensional electrical imaging model, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0041] In step 1) above, the acquisition of the electrical signal response specifically involves: obtaining the electrical signal responses of the plate-like formation regarding fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity through finite element forward modeling using nonlinear conjugate gradient descent, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0042] In step 2) above, the fracture parameter response law is as follows: Based on the response results, three main influencing parameters—fracture width, angle, and fracture resistivity—are obtained, along with a calculation chart of the wellbore formation fracture width. The resistivity perturbation rate x represents the magnitude of the fracture response, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0043] 2.1) The resistivity perturbation rate x is:

[0044] x=(R b -R t ) / R b ,

[0045] In the formula, x is the resistivity perturbation rate, Rt is the resistivity observation value at the fracture location (the fracture location color mark value in the dynamic electro-imaging image), Rb is the matrix response of the formation (the color mark value at the location near the fracture in the dynamic electro-imaging image), and (Rb-Rt) is the resistivity perturbation value.

[0046] 2.2) Based on the resistivity perturbation rate x at the crack location and the crack dip angle θ extracted by electrical imaging, the crack width y is characterized by the following formula:

[0047] y = (-0.1029*θ + 8.7924)*(1-x) 0.0022*θ-1.0145 ,

[0048] Where y is the crack width, x is the resistivity perturbation rate, and θ is the crack dip angle.

[0049] In step 3) above, if Figure 5 As shown, after calibrating the crack width using different electrical imaging devices, the final resistivity crack width calculation result was obtained. The crack width y calculation result obtained was close to the Schlumberger crack width calculation result and the core crack width measurement result. Furthermore, the crack width characterization formula can be used to calculate the width of microcracks at the hundred-micrometer level.

[0050] In step 2) above, the formulas for resistivity perturbation rate x and crack width y are based on the test electrical signal response. Through electrical imaging crack width calibration, it is finally determined that the formula is suitable for high-precision crack width calculation of microcracks.

[0051] In summary, this invention simplifies the characterization of the entire three-dimensional electrical imaging space by attaching a button electrode tightly to a plate-like formation. Through extensive finite element forward modeling using nonlinear conjugate gradient descent, the electrical signal responses of fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity in the plate-like formation are studied, revealing a relationship between fracture width and resistivity that becomes more pronounced with changing fracture angle. Based on the response and relationship analysis, a fracture width characterization formula based on fracture perturbation rate and fracture angle is derived. After calibration of the fracture width in core samples, the calculated fracture width and resistivity fracture width results show good agreement with Schlumberger's calculations, with very small discrepancies. The most sensitive range is at the hundred-micrometer level, confirming that this formula can be used for high-precision fracture width calculation of micro-fractures. This invention can be used for high-precision fracture width calculation of hundred-micrometer-level micro-fractures.

[0052] This invention offers the following advantages: it effectively solves the problem of significant calculation errors for cracks at the hundred-micrometer level using traditional crack width calculation formulas. This invention simplifies the characterization of the entire three-dimensional electrical imaging space, studies the patterns of crack width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity in plate-like formations, and boasts high accuracy, thus overcoming the inaccuracies in the assessment and calculation of cracks at the hundred-micrometer level.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, a microcrack width calculation system based on an electro-imaging plate-like body model is provided, comprising:

[0054] The first processing module, based on the plate-like formation model, obtains the electrical signal responses of the fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity of the plate-like formation.

[0055] The calculation module extracts the crack parameter response law from the electrical signal response results and obtains the crack width characterization calculation formula based on the resistivity perturbation rate based on the crack location and the crack dip angle extracted by the electrical imaging according to the crack parameter response law.

[0056] After calibration by the electrical imaging instrument, the calibration module obtains the final calculated result of the resistivity crack width.

[0057] In the above embodiments, the plate-shaped formation model is a plate-shaped formation model that is closely attached to the button electrode.

[0058] In the above embodiments, the acquisition of electrical signal response specifically involves obtaining the electrical signal responses of fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity of the plate-like formation through finite element forward modeling with nonlinear conjugate gradient descent.

[0059] In the above embodiments, the fracture parameter response law is as follows: based on the response results, three main influencing parameters, namely fracture width, angle, and fracture resistivity, are obtained, as well as a calculation chart of the formation fracture width in the wellbore. The resistivity perturbation rate represents the magnitude of the fracture response.

[0060] In the above embodiments, the resistivity perturbation rate is:

[0061] x=(R b -R t ) / R b ,

[0062] In the formula, x is the resistivity perturbation rate, Rt is the resistivity observation value at the fracture location, Rb is the matrix response of the formation, and (Rb-Rt) is the resistivity perturbation value.

[0063] In the above embodiments, the formula for calculating the crack width is:

[0064] y = (-0.1029*θ + 8.7924)*(1-x) 0.0022*θ-1.0145 ,

[0065] Where y is the crack width, x is the resistivity perturbation rate, and θ is the crack dip angle.

[0066] The system provided in this embodiment is used to execute the above-described method embodiments. For specific processes and details, please refer to the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0067] A schematic diagram of a computing device structure is provided in one embodiment of the present invention. The computing device can be a terminal, which may include: a processor, a communication interface, memory, a display screen, and an input device. The processor, communication interface, and memory communicate with each other via a communication bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements a method for calculating the width of microcracks based on an electro-imaging plate-like model. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals. Wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, a management network, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. The display screen can be a liquid crystal display or an e-ink display. The input device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, or buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad mounted on the casing of the computing device, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse. The processor can call logical instructions in memory to execute the following method: based on the plate-like formation model, obtain the electrical signal response of fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity of the plate-like formation; extract the fracture parameter response law of electrical imaging from the electrical signal response results, and obtain the fracture width characterization calculation formula based on the resistivity perturbation rate of fracture location and the fracture dip angle extracted by electrical imaging according to the fracture parameter response law; after calibration of the electrical imaging instrument, obtain the final resistivity fracture width calculation result.

[0068] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory can be implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0069] Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure shown in the above-described computing device is only a partial structure related to the solution of this application and does not constitute a limitation on the computing device on which the solution of this application is applied. A specific computing device may include more or fewer components, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present invention, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product including a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer program including program instructions, when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is able to execute the methods provided in the above-described method embodiments, for example including: based on a plate-like formation model, obtaining the electrical signal responses of fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity of the plate-like formation; extracting the fracture parameter response law of electrical imaging from the electrical signal response results, obtaining a fracture width characterization calculation formula based on the resistivity perturbation rate of fracture location and the fracture dip angle extracted by electrical imaging according to the fracture parameter response law; and obtaining the final resistivity fracture width calculation result after calibration by an electrical imaging instrument.

[0071] In one embodiment of the present invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores server instructions that cause a computer to execute the methods provided in the above embodiments, including, for example,: acquiring the electrical signal responses of fracture width, angle, length, mud resistivity, and matrix resistivity of the plate-like formation based on a plate-like formation model; extracting the fracture parameter response law from the electrical signal response results; obtaining a fracture width characterization calculation formula based on the resistivity perturbation rate of the fracture location and the fracture dip angle extracted by the electrical imaging according to the fracture parameter response law; and obtaining the final resistivity fracture width calculation result after calibration by an electrical imaging instrument.

[0072] The computer-readable storage medium provided in the above embodiments has a similar implementation principle and technical effect to the above method embodiments, and will not be described again here.

[0073] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0074] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0075] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating microfracture width based on an electrical imaging plate model, characterized by, The method comprises: obtaining, based on a plate-shaped body formation model, an electrical signal response of a fracture width, an angle, a length, and a mud resistivity and a matrix resistivity of the plate-shaped body formation; extracting a fracture parameter response law of electrical imaging from the electrical signal response result, and obtaining a fracture width representation calculation formula of a fracture resistivity disturbance rate based on a fracture position and a fracture dip angle extracted by electrical imaging according to the fracture parameter response law; after calibration of the electrical imaging instrument, obtaining a final fracture width calculation result of the resistivity; the fracture width representation calculation formula is: y = (-0.1029*0 + 8.7924)*(1 - x) 0.0022*θ-1.0145 , wherein y is the fracture width, x is the resistivity disturbance rate, and θ is the fracture dip angle; the resistivity disturbance rate is: x = (R b -R t ) / R b , where x is the resistivity perturbation; R t is the observed resistivity at the fracture location; R b is the matrix response of the formation, which is the color scale value at the location near the fracture of the electrical imaging dynamic map;(R b -R t ) is the perturbation value of the resistivity.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: the plate-shaped body formation model is a plate-shaped body formation model close to a button electrode.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The obtaining of the electrical signal response comprises: obtaining, by a nonlinear conjugate gradient descent finite element forward modeling, an electrical signal response of a fracture width, an angle, a length, and a mud resistivity and a matrix resistivity of the plate-shaped body formation.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The fracture parameter response law is: according to the response result, three main influencing parameters of a fracture width, an angle, and a fracture resistivity, and a fracture width calculation chart of a well wall formation are obtained, and the resistivity disturbance rate represents the response size of the fracture.

5. A microfracture fracture width calculation system based on an electrical imaging plate-like body model, characterized by, The method comprises: a first processing module, configured to obtain, based on a plate-shaped body formation model, an electrical signal response of a fracture width, an angle, a length, and a mud resistivity and a matrix resistivity of the plate-shaped body formation; a calculation module, configured to extract a fracture parameter response law of electrical imaging from the electrical signal response result, and obtain a fracture width representation calculation formula of a fracture resistivity disturbance rate based on a fracture position and a fracture dip angle extracted by electrical imaging according to the fracture parameter response law; a calibration module, configured to obtain, after calibration of the electrical imaging instrument, a final fracture width calculation result of the resistivity. The fracture width representation calculation formula is: y = (-0.1029*0 + 8.7924)*(1 - x) 0.0022*θ-1.0145 , wherein y is the fracture width, x is the resistivity disturbance rate, and θ is the fracture dip angle; the resistivity disturbance rate is: x = (R b -R t ) / R b , where x is the resistivity perturbation; R t is the observed resistivity at the fracture location; R b is the matrix response of the formation, which is the color scale value at the location near the fracture of the electrical imaging dynamic map; (R b -R t ) is the perturbation value of the resistivity.

6. A computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method comprising: The one or more programs comprise instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform any one of the methods of claims 1 to 4.

7. A computing device, comprising: The method comprises: one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs comprise instructions for performing any one of the methods of claims 1 to 4.

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