A method and system for monitoring wetlands

Abstract

This invention provides a wetland monitoring method and system. The method includes the following steps: acquiring monitoring image data of a monitoring area via satellite; acquiring first historical image data and second historical image data of the monitoring area, and determining whether the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value; if so, further determining whether the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value; if so, marking the monitoring area in the remote sensing image data, and analyzing and reporting the monitoring image data corresponding to the monitoring area. By performing subsequent comparison operations only on tile image data with associated features, the error influence caused by wetland diversity can be eliminated; by performing difference comparison on the monitoring image data, if an anomaly is found, the monitoring area in the remote sensing image data is marked, and the monitoring image data corresponding to the monitoring area is analyzed and reported, thereby ensuring the accuracy of wetland monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring technology, and in particular to a wetland monitoring method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Wetlands, situated between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, are unique ecosystems and transitional landscapes on the Earth's surface. They are closely related to people's lives, reproduction, and development, playing an irreplaceable role in ecological environment and system function. They serve as breeding and overwintering grounds for numerous wild animals and plants, especially rare waterfowl.

[0003] Changes in wetland resources are a hot topic in current resource and environmental change research. Wetland monitoring is of significant practical importance for wetland protection, restoration, reconstruction, and sustainable use. Currently, wetland monitoring relies heavily on manual or drone-based on-site surveys. Unlike farmland and woodland, staff cannot easily enter wetland areas for detailed inspections. They typically take photos around the wetland to confirm its condition or use drones for patrols to determine the status of restoration and protection. These methods cannot obtain timely and accurate information on wetland changes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a wetland monitoring method and system, which aims to solve the technical problem of poor accuracy in wetland monitoring in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a wetland monitoring method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Remote sensing image data of the monitored area is acquired by satellite, and the remote sensing image data is sliced ​​to obtain multiple tile image data.

[0007] Based on preset features, the monitoring image data of the corresponding monitoring area is extracted from multiple tile image data;

[0008] Acquire first historical image data of the monitored area, and determine whether the difference between the first historical image data and the monitored image data is greater than a first preset value;

[0009] If the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value, then the second historical image data of the monitoring area is obtained, and it is determined whether the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value.

[0010] If the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value, the monitoring area in the remote sensing image data is marked, and the monitoring image data corresponding to the monitoring area is analyzed and reported.

[0011] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By acquiring remote sensing image data of the monitoring site via satellite, the state of the wetland can be quickly and comprehensively obtained. Furthermore, by slicing the aforementioned remote sensing image data to obtain multiple tile image data, feature extraction is performed on the remote sensing image data. Based on preset features, monitoring image data of the corresponding monitoring area is extracted from the multiple tile image data. It is understandable that due to the dynamic and variable nature of wetlands, they exhibit characteristics such as diversity in types, wide distribution, and uncertain boundaries. Wetland degradation refers to the process of wetland water bodies transforming into land. Typically, wetlands... Monitoring wetland degradation primarily involves comparing the coverage area of ​​water bodies. However, wetlands actually include not only rivers and lakes mainly composed of water, but also herbaceous marshes with floating plants. The aforementioned preset features need to be selected based on the specific type of the monitoring site. When monitoring herbaceous marshes, the preset features need to include both water and vegetation characteristics. When monitoring rivers and lakes, the preset features only include water characteristics. This allows for the selection of monitoring image data for the desired area from a large area of ​​remote sensing image data. By performing subsequent comparison operations only on tile image data associated with the features, the problem of wetland degradation can be eliminated. The error caused by biodiversity is addressed by acquiring first historical image data of the monitoring area and determining whether the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value. The first historical image data is annual historical image data. By comparing the difference with historical image data from the same period of the past year or several years, if the difference is less than the first preset value, it indicates that the wetland status has changed little, and there is no need to conduct subsequent recent status comparisons. The difference comparison can be performed on the monitoring image data of other monitoring areas to improve monitoring efficiency. If the difference is greater than the first preset value, it indicates that the wetland status has changed significantly. Then, the second historical image data of the monitoring area can be acquired, and the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data can be determined whether the difference is greater than the second preset value. The second historical image data is recent historical image data, which can be based on monthly or quarterly standards. By comparing the difference with the recent historical image data, it can be determined whether there have been significant fluctuations in the wetland environment recently. If the difference is greater than the second preset value, it indicates that the wetland status has changed significantly recently. By marking the monitoring area in the remote sensing image data and analyzing and reporting the monitoring image data corresponding to the monitoring area, the accuracy of wetland monitoring can be ensured.

[0012] According to one aspect of the above technical solution, the step of acquiring first historical image data of the monitoring area and determining whether the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value specifically includes:

[0013] Acquire first historical image data of the monitored area, and calculate the first feature area value in the first historical image data based on the preset features;

[0014] The area value of the second feature in the monitoring image data is calculated based on the preset features;

[0015] Determine whether the difference between the first feature area value and the second feature area value is greater than a first preset value.

[0016] According to one aspect of the above technical solution, the step of acquiring second historical image data of the monitoring area and determining whether the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value specifically includes:

[0017] Acquire second historical image data of the monitored area, and calculate the area value of the third feature in the second historical image data based on the preset features;

[0018] Determine whether the ratio of the third feature area value to the second feature area value is greater than a second preset value.

[0019] According to one aspect of the above technical solution, before the step of determining whether the ratio of the third feature area value to the second feature area value is greater than a second preset value, the method further includes:

[0020] Based on the time span between the monitored image data and the second historical image data, the area value of the third feature is adjusted seasonally.

[0021] According to one aspect of the above technical solution, the first historical image data is annual historical image data, and the second historical image data is recent historical image data.

[0022] According to one aspect of the above technical solution, the preset features are vegetation features and / or water features.

[0023] Another aspect of the present invention provides a wetland monitoring system, comprising:

[0024] The slicing module is used to acquire remote sensing image data of the monitored area via satellite and to slice the remote sensing image data to obtain multiple tile image data.

[0025] The extraction module is used to extract monitoring image data of the corresponding monitoring area from multiple tile image data based on preset features;

[0026] The first comparison module is used to acquire the first historical image data of the monitoring area and determine whether the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value.

[0027] The second comparison module is used to obtain the second historical image data of the monitoring area if the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value, and to determine whether the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value.

[0028] The analysis module is used to mark the monitoring area in the remote sensing image data if the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value, and to generate an analysis report on the monitoring image data corresponding to the monitoring area.

[0029] According to one aspect of the above technical solution, the first comparison module specifically includes:

[0030] The first feature calculation unit is used to acquire the first historical image data of the monitoring area and calculate the first feature area value in the first historical image data based on the preset feature.

[0031] The second feature calculation unit is used to calculate the area value of the second feature in the monitoring image data based on the preset feature.

[0032] The first comparison unit is used to determine whether the difference between the first feature area value and the second feature area value is greater than a first preset value.

[0033] According to one aspect of the above technical solution, the second comparison module specifically includes:

[0034] The second feature calculation unit is used to acquire the second historical image data of the monitoring area and calculate the third feature area value in the second historical image data based on the preset feature.

[0035] The second comparison unit is used to determine whether the ratio of the third feature area value to the second feature area value is greater than a second preset value.

[0036] According to one aspect of the above technical solution, the second comparison module further includes:

[0037] The adjustment unit is used to perform seasonal periodic adjustments on the third feature area value based on the time span between the monitored image data and the second historical image data. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the wetland monitoring method in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the wetland monitoring system in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Explanation of key component symbols:

[0041] Slicing module 100 Extraction module 200 First comparison module 300 Second comparison module 400 Analysis Module 500

[0042] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will further illustrate the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

[0044] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0046] Please see Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of the wetland monitoring method in the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0047] Step S100: Obtain remote sensing image data of the monitored area via satellite, and slice the remote sensing image data to obtain multiple tile image data. Specifically, acquiring remote sensing image data of the monitoring site via satellite is relatively simpler than manual monitoring. Satellites can periodically photograph the corresponding area, eliminating the need for manpower and resources for wetland monitoring. This method is convenient, fast, and cost-effective, while reducing the potential ecological impact of manual or mechanical intervention in wetlands, thus maximizing the protection of wetland ecological stability. Using remote sensing technology for wetland resource surveys not only directly meets some survey requirements but also allows for effective comprehensive analysis of the wetland system at a macroscopic level. Spatial positioning based on remote sensing imagery makes the spatial distribution of wetland survey results orderly, clear, and intuitive. Remote sensing technology acquires a large number of maps reflecting wetland conditions, satisfying different requirements from macroscopic understanding to microscopic analysis, enhancing the understanding of regional wetland environmental characteristics, and strongly supporting wetland protection and development. Regularly monitoring the various components of wetlands and their surrounding areas using remote sensing technology effectively observes the dynamic evolution of wetlands, enabling dynamic monitoring of changes in internal wetland elements and providing conditions for timely response and handling.

[0048] Step S110: Extract monitoring image data of the corresponding monitoring area from multiple tile image data based on preset features. Understandably, due to the dynamic and variable nature of wetlands, they exhibit characteristics such as diversity in types, wide distribution, and uncertain boundaries. Wetland degradation refers to the process of wetland water bodies transforming into land. Typically, wetland degradation monitoring mainly involves monitoring and comparing the water coverage area. However, wetlands actually include not only rivers and lakes primarily composed of water bodies, but also herbaceous marshes with accompanying floating plants. The aforementioned preset features need to be selected according to the specific type of the monitoring area. When monitoring herbaceous marshes, the preset features need to include both water body features and vegetation features; when monitoring rivers and lakes, the preset features only include water body features. This allows for the selection of monitoring image data for the desired monitoring area from a large area of ​​remote sensing image data. By performing subsequent comparison operations only on tile image data associated with the features, the error caused by wetland diversity can be eliminated.

[0049] Step S120: Obtain first historical image data of the monitoring area and determine whether the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value. Specifically, in this step, the first historical image data is annual historical image data. By comparing the difference with historical image data from the same period in the past year or several years, if the difference is less than the first preset value, it indicates that the wetland status has changed little, and there is no need to perform subsequent recent status comparison. Instead, the monitoring image data of other monitoring areas can be compared to improve monitoring efficiency. If the difference is greater than the first preset value, it indicates that the wetland status has changed significantly.

[0050] Preferably, in this embodiment, step S120 specifically includes:

[0051] Step S121: Obtain the first historical image data of the monitoring area, and calculate the first feature area value in the first historical image data based on the preset features. Specifically, in some application scenarios of this embodiment, the monitoring site is a herbaceous marsh, and the preset features include water features and vegetation features. That is, in the remote sensing image data of this type of wetland, vegetation features include water features. When it is necessary to monitor water features to determine the wetland degradation, it is necessary to consider the feature data of floating water and aquatic plants at the same time. By extracting color features from the first historical image data, the edge contour of the corresponding feature is obtained, and the first feature area value is calculated based on the edge contour.

[0052] Step S121: Calculate the area value of the second feature in the monitoring image data based on the preset features.

[0053] Step S121: Determine whether the difference between the first feature area value and the second feature area value is greater than a first preset value. Understandably, when the difference is greater than the first preset value, it indicates a significant reduction in water volume and a risk of wetland degradation.

[0054] Step S130: If the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value, then the second historical image data of the monitoring area is obtained, and it is determined whether the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value. Specifically, the second historical image data is recent historical image data, which can be based on monthly or quarterly standards. By comparing the differences in recent historical image data, it can be determined whether there have been significant fluctuations in the wetland environment recently. If the difference is greater than the second preset value, it indicates that the wetland's recent state has changed significantly. If the difference is less than the second preset value, it indicates that the wetland's recent state has not changed significantly, and this area can be skipped to compare differences with other monitoring areas.

[0055] Preferably, in this embodiment, step S130 specifically includes:

[0056] Step S131: Obtain second historical image data of the monitored area, and calculate the third feature area value in the second historical image data based on the preset features. Specifically, the calculation of the second and third feature area values ​​is the same as the calculation of the first feature area value.

[0057] Step S132: Based on the time span between the monitored image data and the second historical image data, the third feature area value is seasonally adjusted. It is understood that in some application scenarios of this embodiment, due to the polygonal shape of wetlands, the water coverage area undergoes normal periodic changes in different seasons. By seasonally adjusting the third feature area value based on the time span between the current monitored image data and the second historical image data, false alarms can be prevented, ensuring monitoring accuracy. Furthermore, the aforementioned seasonal adjustment can be based on linear regression processing of the monitoring data and monitoring time for each month in past years to generate a linear function corresponding to the aforementioned time span. Adjusting the third feature area value based on this linear function is equivalent to obtaining the expected second feature area value when monitoring the second historical image data. By comparing the expected second feature area value (the adjusted third feature area value) with the actual second feature area value, changes in wetland status can be determined, eliminating data deviations caused by seasonal dynamic fluctuations during comparison and ensuring monitoring accuracy.

[0058] Step S133: Determine whether the ratio of the third feature area value to the second feature area value is greater than a second preset value.

[0059] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned difference comparison is mainly achieved by calculating the feature area associated with the preset feature in the first historical image data, the second historical image data, and the monitoring image data, respectively, and reflecting the magnitude of the change based on the area difference. In other embodiments of the present invention, the difference value can also be calculated by the above-mentioned image data using the mean hash algorithm. The mean hash algorithm can be one or more of the mean hash algorithm, the difference hash algorithm, and the perception hash algorithm.

[0060] Step S140: If the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value, mark the monitoring area in the remote sensing image data, and analyze and report the monitoring image data corresponding to the monitoring area. Specifically, the above-mentioned step of analyzing and reporting the monitoring image data corresponding to the monitoring area can be achieved by identifying information such as granularity and color of the monitoring image data, or by combining on-site drone photography, to determine the changes in wetland vegetation, water areas, and other terrain features, analyze whether the changes are reasonable, and whether situations such as wetland degradation or wetland occupation have occurred, ensuring the accuracy of wetland monitoring, establishing methods and technical conditions suitable for biodiversity assessment using remote sensing technology and ground acquisition systems, so that biodiversity assessment has objective and quantitative indicators, and achieves the goal of correctly describing biodiversity.

[0061] In summary, the wetland monitoring method in the above embodiments of the present invention acquires remote sensing image data of the monitoring site via satellite, enabling rapid and comprehensive acquisition of the wetland's status. Furthermore, by slicing the remote sensing image data to obtain multiple tile image data, feature extraction is performed on the remote sensing image data. Based on preset features, monitoring image data for the corresponding monitoring area is extracted from the multiple tile image data. It is understandable that due to the dynamic and variable nature of wetlands, they exhibit characteristics such as diverse types, wide distribution, and uncertain boundaries. Wetland degradation refers to the process of wetland water bodies transforming into land. Typically, wetland degradation monitoring mainly focuses on water... The monitoring and comparison are performed on the coverage area of ​​wetlands. However, wetlands actually include not only rivers and lakes primarily composed of water, but also herbaceous marshes with floating plants. The preset features need to be selected according to the specific type of the monitoring area. When monitoring herbaceous marshes, the preset features need to include both water and vegetation features; when monitoring rivers and lakes, the preset features only include water features. This allows for the selection of monitoring image data for the desired area from a large area of ​​remote sensing image data. By performing subsequent comparisons only on tile image data associated with the features, the error caused by wetland diversity can be eliminated. Furthermore, by obtaining the first historical data of the monitoring area... Historical image data is obtained, and the difference between the first historical image data and the monitored image data is determined to be greater than a first preset value. The first historical image data is annual historical image data. By comparing the difference with historical image data from the same period of the past year or several years, if the difference is less than the first preset value, it indicates that the wetland state has changed little, and there is no need to conduct subsequent recent state comparisons. The difference can be compared with the monitoring image data of other monitoring areas to improve monitoring efficiency. If the difference is greater than the first preset value, it indicates that the wetland state has changed significantly. Then, a second historical image data of the monitoring area can be obtained, and the difference between the second historical image data and the monitored image data can be determined. Whether the difference value is greater than the second preset value, the aforementioned second historical image data is recent historical image data, which can be based on monthly or quarterly standards. By comparing the differences in recent historical image data, it can be determined whether there are significant fluctuations in the wetland environment recently. If the difference value is greater than the second preset value, it indicates that the wetland's recent state has changed significantly. By marking the monitoring area in the remote sensing image data and analyzing the monitoring image data corresponding to the monitoring area, the accuracy of wetland monitoring can be ensured. By adjusting the third feature area value, the data deviation caused by seasonal dynamic fluctuations during difference comparison can be eliminated, ensuring monitoring accuracy.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a wetland monitoring system, comprising:

[0063] The slicing module 100 is used to acquire remote sensing image data of the monitored area via satellite and to slice the remote sensing image data to obtain multiple tile image data.

[0064] Extraction module 200 is used to extract monitoring image data of the corresponding monitoring area from multiple tile image data based on preset features;

[0065] The first comparison module 300 is used to acquire the first historical image data of the monitoring area and determine whether the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value.

[0066] The second comparison module 400 is used to obtain the second historical image data of the monitoring area if the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value, and to determine whether the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value.

[0067] The analysis module 500 is used to mark the monitoring area in the remote sensing image data if the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value, and to generate an analysis report on the monitoring image data corresponding to the monitoring area.

[0068] Preferably, in this embodiment, the first comparison module 300 specifically includes:

[0069] The first feature calculation unit is used to acquire the first historical image data of the monitoring area and calculate the first feature area value in the first historical image data based on the preset feature.

[0070] The second feature calculation unit is used to calculate the area value of the second feature in the monitoring image data based on the preset feature.

[0071] The first comparison unit is used to determine whether the difference between the first feature area value and the second feature area value is greater than a first preset value.

[0072] Preferably, in this embodiment, the second comparison module 400 specifically includes:

[0073] The second feature calculation unit is used to acquire the second historical image data of the monitoring area and calculate the third feature area value in the second historical image data based on the preset feature.

[0074] The second comparison unit is used to determine whether the ratio of the third feature area value to the second feature area value is greater than a second preset value.

[0075] Preferably, in this embodiment, the second comparison module 400 further includes:

[0076] The adjustment unit is used to perform seasonal periodic adjustments on the third feature area value based on the time span between the monitored image data and the second historical image data.

[0077] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first historical image data is annual historical image data, the second historical image data is recent historical image data, and the preset features are vegetation features and / or water features.

[0078] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0079] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wetland monitoring method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Remote sensing image data of the monitored area is acquired by satellite, and the remote sensing image data is sliced ​​to obtain multiple tile image data. Based on preset features, the monitoring image data of the corresponding monitoring area is extracted from multiple tile image data; Acquire first historical image data of the monitored area, and determine whether the difference between the first historical image data and the monitored image data is greater than a first preset value; If the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value, then the second historical image data of the monitoring area is obtained, and it is determined whether the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value. If the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value, the monitoring area in the remote sensing image data is marked, and an analysis report is generated on the monitoring image data corresponding to the monitoring area. The step of acquiring first historical image data of the monitoring area and determining whether the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value specifically includes: Acquire first historical image data of the monitored area, and calculate the first feature area value in the first historical image data based on the preset features; The area value of the second feature in the monitoring image data is calculated based on the preset features; Determine whether the difference between the first feature area value and the second feature area value is greater than a first preset value; The step of acquiring second historical image data of the monitoring area and determining whether the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value specifically includes: Acquire second historical image data of the monitored area, and calculate the area value of the third feature in the second historical image data based on the preset features; Determine whether the ratio of the third feature area value to the second feature area value is greater than a second preset value; Before the step of determining whether the ratio of the third feature area value to the second feature area value is greater than a second preset value, the method further includes: Based on the time span between the monitored image data and the second historical image data, the area value of the third feature is adjusted seasonally.

2. The wetland monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first historical image data is annual historical image data, and the second historical image data is recent historical image data.

3. The wetland monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset features are vegetation features and / or water features.

4. A wetland monitoring system for implementing the wetland monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: The slicing module is used to acquire remote sensing image data of the monitored area via satellite and to slice the remote sensing image data to obtain multiple tile image data. The extraction module is used to extract monitoring image data of the corresponding monitoring area from multiple tile image data based on preset features; The first comparison module is used to acquire the first historical image data of the monitoring area and determine whether the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value. The second comparison module is used to obtain the second historical image data of the monitoring area if the difference between the first historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a first preset value, and to determine whether the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value. The analysis module is used to mark the monitoring area in the remote sensing image data if the difference between the second historical image data and the monitoring image data is greater than a second preset value, and to generate an analysis report on the monitoring image data corresponding to the monitoring area.

5. The wetland monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first comparison module specifically includes: The first feature calculation unit is used to acquire the first historical image data of the monitoring area and calculate the first feature area value in the first historical image data based on the preset feature. The second feature calculation unit is used to calculate the area value of the second feature in the monitoring image data based on the preset feature. The first comparison unit is used to determine whether the difference between the first feature area value and the second feature area value is greater than a first preset value.

6. The wetland monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second comparison module specifically includes: The second feature calculation unit is used to acquire the second historical image data of the monitoring area and calculate the third feature area value in the second historical image data based on the preset feature. The second comparison unit is used to determine whether the ratio of the third feature area value to the second feature area value is greater than a second preset value.

7. The wetland monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second comparison module also includes: The adjustment unit is used to perform seasonal periodic adjustments on the third feature area value based on the time span between the monitored image data and the second historical image data.

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