Communication node, data transmission method and storage medium

Abstract

The present application provides a communication node, a data transmission method, and a storage medium. A first communication node includes: a first communication interface, the first communication node is connected to a second communication node through the first communication interface; the data transmitted by the first communication node to the second communication node through a first Internet of Things protocol layer is data processed by a target communication node based on a target processing method, the target communication node includes a first communication node and a third communication node, the target processing method is a method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node, the first Internet of Things protocol layer is a protocol layer included by the first communication node within the Internet of Things; the first communication node is a passive communication node.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, for example, to a communication node, a data transmission method and a storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely commercialized or tested, with applications such as smart grids, smart parking, intelligent transportation, and smart energy management systems. If we truly want to achieve the Internet of Everything, we will see an even greater number of sensor devices infiltrate traditional and emerging sectors, including agriculture, industry, environmental protection, urban management, and human health.

[0003] However, how to enable the first communication node of passive communication to access the Internet of Things is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a communication node, a data transmission method and a storage medium.

[0005] An embodiment of the present application provides a first communication node, including:

[0006] a first communication interface, the first communication node being connected to the second communication node via the first communication interface;

[0007] The data transmitted by the first communication node to the second communication node through the first Internet of Things protocol layer is data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method, the target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node, the target processing method is a method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node, and the first Internet of Things protocol layer is a protocol layer included in the first communication node within the Internet of Things;

[0008] The first communication node is a passive communication node.

[0009] This embodiment of the present application further provides a second communication node, including:

[0010] a first communication interface and a second communication interface, the second communication node being connected to the first communication node through the first communication interface, the first communication node being the first communication node described in any embodiment of the present application, the second communication node being connected to the third communication node through the second communication interface, and the second communication node forwarding data exchanged between the first communication node and the third communication node;

[0011] The data transmitted by the second communication node to the first communication node through the first set protocol layer is data processed by a target communication node based on a target processing method, the target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node, and the target processing method is a method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node;

[0012] The second communication node communicates with the third communication node via a second set protocol layer.

[0013] This embodiment of the present application further provides a third communication node, including:

[0014] A second communication interface, the third communication node is connected to the second communication node described in any embodiment of the present application through the second communication interface, the data transmitted by the third communication node to the second communication node through the third Internet of Things protocol layer is the data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method, the target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node, and the target processing method is the method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node.

[0015] This embodiment of the present application further provides a fourth communication node, including:

[0016] A third communication interface and a fourth communication interface; the fourth communication node is connected to the first communication node through the third communication interface, and the fourth communication node is connected to the second communication interface through the fourth communication interface; the first communication node is the first communication node described in any embodiment of the present application, and the fourth communication node forwards the data transmitted between the second communication node and the first communication node through the third setting protocol layer, and the data transmitted between the second communication node and the first communication node is the data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method, the target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node, and the target processing method is the method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node.

[0017] The embodiment of the present application further provides a data transmission method, which is applied to the first communication node provided in the embodiment of the present application, including:

[0018] Communicate with the second communication node via the first Internet of Things protocol layer.

[0019] The embodiment of the present application further provides a data transmission method, which is applied to the second communication node provided in the embodiment of the present application, including:

[0020] communicating with the first communication node via a first set protocol layer;

[0021] Communicate with the third communication node via the second set protocol layer.

[0022] The embodiment of the present application further provides a data transmission method, which is applied to the third communication node provided in the embodiment of the present application, including:

[0023] Communicate with the second communication node via the third Internet of Things protocol layer.

[0024] The embodiment of the present application further provides a data transmission method, which is applied to the fourth communication node provided in the embodiment of the present application, including:

[0025] Communicate with the first communication node and the second communication node via a third set protocol layer.

[0026] An embodiment of the present application further provides a storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned data transmission method is implemented.

[0027] With respect to the above embodiments and other aspects of the present application and their implementation, further description is provided in the accompanying drawings, detailed description and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a first communication node provided by an embodiment;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a data packet provided by an embodiment;

[0030] Figure 3 A flowchart of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a second communication node provided by an embodiment;

[0032] Figure 5 A flowchart of another data transmission method provided by an embodiment;

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a third communication node provided by an embodiment;

[0034] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a process for transmitting data between a second communication node and a third communication node provided in an embodiment;

[0035] Figure 8 A flowchart of another data transmission method provided by an embodiment;

[0036] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of a fourth communication node provided by an embodiment;

[0037] Figure 10A flowchart of another data transmission method provided by an embodiment;

[0038] Figure 11 An Internet of Things network deployment diagram provided by an embodiment;

[0039] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a first communication architecture of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment;

[0040] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a second communication architecture of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment;

[0041] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a third communication architecture of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment;

[0042] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a fourth communication architecture of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment;

[0043] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of a fifth communication architecture of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment;

[0044] Figure 17 A sixth communication architecture diagram of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment;

[0045] Figure 18 A seventh communication architecture diagram of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment;

[0046] Figure 19 A schematic diagram of an eighth communication architecture of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment;

[0047] Figure 20 A first flow chart of data interaction between communication nodes in the Internet of Things provided by one embodiment;

[0048] Figure 21 A second flow chart of data interaction between communication nodes in the Internet of Things provided by one embodiment;

[0049] Figure 22 This is a third flow chart of data interaction between communication nodes in the Internet of Things provided by one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other in any way.

[0051] The steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions. Also, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in an order different from that shown here.

[0052] In recent years, IoT technologies based on narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and LTE-enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) have been widely commercialized or tested, encompassing applications such as smart grids, smart parking, smart transportation / logistics, and smart energy management systems. These technologies span a wide range of vertical sectors, including smart cities and smart homes, and are rapidly driving the upgrade and transformation of traditional industries. Smart parking systems can meet the needs of deep underground coverage. Using a variety of sensors, they enable functions such as parking space search, parking lot status monitoring, and zoning information display. Smart grid systems can implement intelligent meter reading and autonomous fault reporting. IoT systems based on eMTC technology can implement vehicle and item tracking, finding applications in the transportation / logistics and shared bike industries.

[0053] The large-scale application of IoT technology will generate more diverse market and technological demands, and new IoT applications will continue to emerge. It is foreseeable that in the future, a greater number of sensors, IoT devices, and other types of modules will penetrate a variety of traditional and emerging industries, including agriculture, industry, environmental protection, urban management, and human health. In the field of books, for example, all books in a smart library might be tagged with electronic tags. The flow of books throughout the library can be tracked, and book search, location, quantity, and status statistics can all be performed in real time. In the field of warehousing and logistics, the industry is already highly automated. By using tag terminals based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, administrators can electronically record, query, and track items. However, the workload remains enormous, as specialized equipment is required to read each tag sequentially. People are eager for more intelligent operations. Furthermore, in the field of agriculture, due to economic constraints, the modernization of traditional agriculture may still be less than expected. In the future, agriculture will undoubtedly become more modern and intelligent. A variety of sensors can be used to monitor crop growing conditions such as soil, water, light, and fertility, as well as pests and crop growth in real time. This monitoring data can be used to drive small controllers to adjust growing conditions in real time and respond to disasters promptly. Furthermore, there are many potential applications not listed here, such as more advanced wearable devices or medical equipment, including patches that can be attached to teeth to monitor oral diseases or dietary health, and microrobots that can enter blood vessels for disease treatment.

[0054] Taken together, these applications will present requirements that differ significantly from existing IoT applications. For example, the number of these terminal devices will be enormous, and many will be extremely small, requiring extremely simple hardware structures and perhaps even incapable of integrating batteries. Furthermore, even if these devices could integrate batteries, the sheer diversity of their business models makes it difficult to guarantee a single battery's long lifespan. Furthermore, the sheer number of these devices will make charging or replacing batteries extremely difficult, requiring significant manpower and resources, and even impossible. When everything truly becomes connected in the future, these IoT applications will be a key component.

[0055] Large-scale deployment of this type of IoT is limited by sensor energy consumption, deployment, and maintenance costs. Wireless powered communication networks (WPCN), also known as passive IoT, are proving to be a breakthrough in addressing these IoT application scenarios.

[0056] In order to solve the above technical problems, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first communication node provided in an embodiment. The first communication node may be a passive communication node, such as a passive communication terminal device, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first communication node provided in this embodiment includes:

[0057] a first communication interface 10, through which the first communication node is connected to the second communication node;

[0058] The data transmitted between the first communication node and the second communication node through the first Internet of Things protocol layer is data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method. The target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node. The target processing method is a method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node. The first Internet of Things protocol layer is the protocol layer included by the first communication node within the Internet of Things; the first communication node is a passive communication node.

[0059] In this embodiment, the first communication node can be understood as a passive communication node. Passive communication can be understood as communicating with other communication nodes only after receiving signals transmitted by other communication nodes. The first communication node cannot actively communicate with other communication nodes.

[0060] In one embodiment, the first communication node may be a passive or semi-passive device.

[0061] In one embodiment, the first communication node may also be a terminal device with RFID technology, and the first communication node may communicate using back reflection technology.

[0062] RFID technology is a type of automatic identification technology that uses radio frequency to perform contactless, two-way data communication. It uses radio frequency to read and write electronic tags or radio frequency cards, thereby achieving the purpose of identifying targets and exchanging data. The first communication interface 10 can be understood as an interface for transmitting data between the first communication node and the second communication node.

[0063] In this embodiment, the first Internet of Things protocol layer may include one or more of the first Internet of Things first protocol layer, the first Internet of Things second protocol layer, the first Internet of Things third protocol layer, and the first Internet of Things fourth protocol layer.

[0064] The first protocol layer of the first Internet of Things can realize signal transmission, the second protocol layer of the first Internet of Things can realize processing functions, the third protocol layer of the first Internet of Things can realize processing functions, and the fourth protocol layer of the first Internet of Things can realize processing functions based on target processing methods.

[0065] The function of the first protocol layer of the first Internet of Things includes transmitting data interacted between the first communication node and the second communication node.

[0066] The functions of the second protocol layer of the first Internet of Things include one or more of the following:

[0067] Generate packets; decode packets; schedule packets; transmit packets; concatenate multiple packets; extract packets; maintain state; encrypt; decrypt; and perform integrity protection.

[0068] The functions of the third protocol layer of the first Internet of Things include one or more of the following:

[0069] Maintain state; encrypt; decrypt; protect integrity; store configuration; fill in messages; generate messages, and execute control processes.

[0070] The functions of the fourth protocol layer of the first Internet of Things include processing data based on one or more of the following target processing methods:

[0071] Encryption; decryption; integrity protection.

[0072] In one embodiment, the first Internet of Things protocol layer may include a first Internet of Things first protocol layer and a first Internet of Things second protocol layer.

[0073] In one embodiment, the first Internet of Things protocol layer may include a first Internet of Things first protocol layer, a first Internet of Things second protocol layer, and a first Internet of Things fourth protocol layer.

[0074] In one embodiment, the first Internet of Things protocol layer may include a first Internet of Things first protocol layer, a first Internet of Things second protocol layer, a first Internet of Things third protocol layer, and a first Internet of Things fourth protocol layer.

[0075] In this embodiment, the target communication node may include a first communication node and a third communication node. The target processing method can be understood as the method for processing data between the first communication node and the third communication node. The target processing method may be a method determined after negotiation between the first and second communication nodes. The target processing method may also be a method indicated by the third communication node to the first communication node. How the first and second communication nodes determine the target processing method is not specified herein; it is sufficient that the first and third communication nodes use the same target processing method.

[0076] In this embodiment, the first communication node, the second communication node, and the third communication node are communication nodes in an Internet of Things (IoT), which may be a cellular IoT.

[0077] In this embodiment, the first communication node in the Internet of Things transmits data with the second communication node through the first Internet of Things protocol layer, thereby connecting the first communication node to the Internet of Things and realizing data transmission between the communication nodes in the Internet of Things.

[0078] In one embodiment, the first Internet of Things protocol layer of the first communication interface includes a first Internet of Things first protocol layer and a first Internet of Things second protocol layer, and the function of the first Internet of Things first protocol layer includes transmitting data exchanged between the first communication node and the second communication node;

[0079] The functions of the second protocol layer of the first Internet of Things include one or more of the following:

[0080] Generate packets; decode packets; schedule packets; transmit packets; concatenate multiple packets; extract packets; maintain state; encrypt; decrypt; and perform integrity protection.

[0081] In this embodiment, the first Internet of Things protocol layer may include a first Internet of Things first protocol layer and a first Internet of Things second protocol layer. The first Internet of Things first protocol layer may be understood as the Internet of Things port physical layer (i.e., IoT PHY protocol layer) of the first communication node, and the first Internet of Things second protocol layer may be understood as the Internet of Things media access control layer (i.e., IoT MAC protocol layer) of the first communication node.

[0082] In this embodiment, the functions of the first protocol layer of the first IoT may include sending signals; receiving one or more of the signals. Concatenating multiple data packets may be understood as concatenating messages from multiple first communication nodes or third communication nodes; maintaining status may be understood as maintaining the status of the transmission process and the status of the first communication node, including but not limited to whether the first communication node is reachable, whether the first communication node is silent, whether the first communication node is deactivated, and whether the first communication node is locked; and integrity protection may be understood as protecting the integrity of transmitted data.

[0083] In the case where the first IoT protocol layer does not include the first IoT protocol layer 4, the functions included in the first IoT protocol layer 4 may be integrated into the first IoT protocol layer 2. When performing one or more of encryption, decryption, and integrity protection, the first IoT protocol layer 2 may be processed based on the target processing method.

[0084] In one embodiment, a data packet at the second protocol layer of the first Internet of Things includes a first header and corresponding data; the first header includes one or more of the following:

[0085] a first data type, where the first data type indicates a type of a data packet included in the first data;

[0086] The length of the data packet included in the first data;

[0087] Processing instruction information, where the processing instruction information indicates processing performed on the data packet included in the first data;

[0088] a target identifier, where the target identifier indicates an identifier of a communication node that receives a data packet included in the first data;

[0089] The original side identifier indicates the identifier of the communication node that sends the data packet included in the first data.

[0090] The first Internet of Things second protocol layer, the second Internet of Things second protocol layer, and the fourth Internet of Things second protocol layer in this application may all have the function of generating data packets, and the data packets may include MAC packets, MAC units, MAC frames, protocol data units (i.e., PDUs), etc.

[0091] The corresponding data may be data transmitted by the third protocol layer of the first Internet of Things, the fourth protocol layer of the first Internet of Things, or the third communication node; or, the first data may be a data packet to be submitted to the third protocol layer of the first Internet of Things, the fourth protocol layer of the first Internet of Things, or the third communication node.

[0092] The following is an exemplary description of the data packet of the second protocol layer of the first Internet of Things through an embodiment.

[0093] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a data packet structure provided in an embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the data packet is in the form of: header (ie, the first header) + data (ie, the first data).

[0094] The header may include: data type (ie, first data type), data packet length (ie, length of the data packet included in the first data), processing instructions (ie, processing instruction information), target identifier, source side identifier, etc.

[0095] Among them, the data type refers to the type of data packet carried, such as: what kind of data, or what kind of command, etc.; the processing indication refers to the processing performed on the carried data packet, such as: whether it is encrypted, whether it is integrity protected, etc.; the length of the data packet refers to the length of the carried data packet; the target identifier refers to the destination identifier of the data packet, such as: the identifier of the receiver receiving the data packet; the source side identifier refers to the source identifier of the data packet, such as: the identifier of the sender of the data packet.

[0096] In one embodiment, the first Internet of Things protocol layer further includes: a first Internet of Things third protocol layer, wherein the functions of the first Internet of Things third protocol layer include one or more of the following:

[0097] Maintain state; encrypt; decrypt; protect integrity; store configuration; fill in messages; generate messages, and execute control processes.

[0098] In this embodiment, the third protocol layer of the first IoT may be the IoT management protocol layer (i.e., the IoT manage protocol layer) of the first communication node. The functions of the third protocol layer of the first IoT may include one or more of maintaining status, encrypting, decrypting, protecting integrity, storing configurations, filling messages, generating messages, and executing control processes. The functions of the third protocol layer of the first IoT are not specifically limited herein.

[0099] Among them, maintaining the status can be understood as maintaining the status of the transmission process and the status of the first communication node; storing the configuration can be understood as storing the configuration information given by the second communication node to the first communication node, such as the configuration information in the RRC message; executing the control process can be understood as executing the relevant processes of inventory or access control; the message can be the control information for interaction between the second communication node and the first communication node.

[0100] It should be noted that when the first IoT protocol layer includes both the first IoT second protocol layer and the first IoT third protocol layer, the functions of the first IoT second protocol layer may not include encryption, decryption, and integrity protection. Encryption, decryption, and integrity protection functions are implemented by the first IoT third protocol layer.

[0101] In one embodiment, the first Internet of Things protocol layer further includes: a first Internet of Things fourth protocol layer, wherein the function of the first Internet of Things fourth protocol layer includes processing data based on one or more of the following target processing methods:

[0102] Encryption; decryption; integrity protection.

[0103] In this embodiment, the fourth protocol layer of the first IoT may be the IoT transport layer (i.e., the IoT transfer protocol layer) of the first communication node. The fourth protocol layer of the first IoT may process data based on a target processing method. The target processing method may include one or more of encryption, decryption, and integrity protection. The target processing method is not specifically limited herein.

[0104] Among them, encryption can be understood as generating a data packet according to the encryption key or encryption algorithm jointly determined by the first communication node and the third communication node; decryption can be understood as decoding the data packet according to the decryption key or decryption algorithm jointly determined by the first communication node and the third communication node; integrity protection can be understood as generating or decoding the data packet according to the integrity protection algorithm jointly determined by the first communication node and the third communication node.

[0105] It should be noted that when the first IoT protocol layer includes both the first IoT third protocol layer and the first IoT fourth protocol layer, the functions of the first IoT fourth protocol layer may not include encryption, decryption, and integrity protection. Encryption, decryption, and integrity protection functions are implemented by the first IoT third protocol layer.

[0106] Figure 3 A flowchart of a data transmission method provided in one embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the data transmission method described in this embodiment can be applied to the first communication node described in any embodiment of the present application, and the method includes step 110.

[0107] In step 110, communication is performed with a second communication node via a first IoT protocol layer.

[0108] In this embodiment, the data that the first communication node can transmit to the second communication node via the first IoT protocol layer is data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method. The target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node. The target processing method is the method by which the first communication node and the third communication node process data. The first IoT protocol layer is the protocol layer included in the first communication node within the IoT. The communication method between the first communication node and the second communication node is not specifically limited herein.

[0109] In one embodiment, the first communication node may communicate with the second communication node or the fourth communication node through the first Internet of Things first protocol layer and the first Internet of Things second protocol layer included in the first Internet of Things protocol layer.

[0110] In one embodiment, the first Internet of Things protocol layer includes a first Internet of Things first protocol layer and a first Internet of Things second protocol layer, and communicates with the fourth communication node, so as to communicate with the second communication node through the fourth communication node. The second communication node may be a base station, and the fourth communication node may be a relay.

[0111] In one embodiment, a data packet at the second protocol layer of the first Internet of Things may include a first header and corresponding data; the first header includes one or more of the following:

[0112] a first data type, where the first data type indicates a type of a data packet included in the first data;

[0113] The length of the data packet included in the first data;

[0114] Processing instruction information, where the processing instruction information indicates processing performed on the data packet included in the first data;

[0115] a target identifier, where the target identifier indicates an identifier of a communication node that receives a data packet included in the first data;

[0116] The original side identifier indicates the identifier of the communication node that sends the data packet included in the first data.

[0117] In one embodiment, the first communication node can communicate with the second communication node through the first Internet of Things first protocol layer, the first Internet of Things second protocol layer, and the first Internet of Things third protocol layer included in the first Internet of Things protocol layer.

[0118] In one embodiment, the first communication node can communicate with the fourth communication node through the first Internet of Things first protocol layer, the first Internet of Things second protocol layer, and the first Internet of Things third protocol layer included in the first Internet of Things protocol layer, so as to communicate with the second communication node through the fourth communication node.

[0119] In one embodiment, the first communication node can communicate with the second communication node through the first Internet of Things first protocol layer, the first Internet of Things second protocol layer, the first Internet of Things third protocol layer, and the first Internet of Things fourth protocol layer included in the first Internet of Things protocol layer.

[0120] In one embodiment, the first communication node can communicate with the fourth communication node through the first Internet of Things first protocol layer, the first Internet of Things second protocol layer, the first Internet of Things third protocol layer, and the first Internet of Things fourth protocol layer included in the first Internet of Things protocol layer, so as to communicate with the second communication node through the fourth communication node.

[0121] In this embodiment, the first communication node can communicate with the second communication node through the first Internet of Things protocol layer, and can realize communication between the communication nodes within the Internet of Things.

[0122] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second communication node provided in an embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the second communication node provided in this embodiment includes:

[0123] a first communication interface 10 and a second communication interface 20, wherein the second communication node is connected to the first communication node through the first communication interface 10, the first communication node is the first communication node described in any embodiment of the present application, the second communication node is connected to the third communication node through the second communication interface 20, and the second communication node forwards data exchanged between the first communication node and the third communication node;

[0124] The data transmitted by the second communication node to the first communication node through the first set protocol layer is data processed by a target communication node based on a target processing method, the target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node, and the target processing method is a method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node;

[0125] The second communication node communicates with the third communication node via a second set protocol layer.

[0126] In this embodiment, the second communication node can be understood as a base station. The second communication interface 20 can be understood as an interface for transmitting data between the second communication node and the third communication node.

[0127] In this embodiment, the first set protocol layer may include one or more of the first protocol layer of the second Internet of Things, the second protocol layer of the second Internet of Things, and the third protocol layer of the second Internet of Things. In one embodiment, the first set protocol layer may include the first protocol layer of the second Internet of Things and the second protocol layer of the second Internet of Things. In one embodiment, the first set protocol layer may include the first protocol layer of the second Internet of Things, the second protocol layer of the second Internet of Things, and the third protocol layer of the second Internet of Things.

[0128] In this embodiment, the first set protocol layer may further include a first user plane protocol stack or a first control plane protocol stack.

[0129] In this embodiment, the second set protocol layer may include the fourth protocol layer of the second IoT. In this embodiment, the second communication node in the IoT implements data transmission with the first communication node via the first set protocol layer, and implements data transmission with the third communication node via the second set protocol layer, thereby implementing data transmission between the communication nodes in the IoT.

[0130] In one embodiment, the first setting protocol layer of the first communication interface 10 includes a second Internet of Things first protocol layer and a second Internet of Things second protocol layer, and the function of the second Internet of Things first protocol layer includes transmitting data interacted between the first communication node and the second communication node;

[0131] The functions of the second protocol layer of the second Internet of Things include one or more of the following:

[0132] Generate data packets; decode data packets; schedule data packets; transmit data packets; concatenate multiple data packets; maintain status. In this embodiment, the first protocol layer of the second IoT can be understood as the IoT port physical layer (i.e., IoT PHY protocol layer) of the second communication node, and the second protocol layer of the second IoT can be understood as the IoT media access control layer (i.e., IoT MAC protocol layer) of the second communication node.

[0133] In this embodiment, the functions of the first protocol layer of the second Internet of Things may include receiving signals; sending one or more of the signals, such as the second communication node can receive data fed back to the second communication node by the first communication node through the first protocol layer of the second Internet of Things; the second communication node can also send data to the first communication node through the first protocol layer of the second Internet of Things.

[0134] In this embodiment, the functions of the second protocol layer of the second IoT may include one or more of generating data packets, decoding data packets, scheduling data packets, transmitting data packets, concatenating multiple data packets, and maintaining status. The functions of the second protocol layer of the second IoT are not specifically limited herein.

[0135] In one embodiment, the first setting protocol layer of the first communication interface 10 may include the second Internet of Things first protocol layer and the second Internet of Things second protocol layer, and the second communication node 20 may exchange data with the first communication node through the first communication interface 10.

[0136] In one embodiment, the first setting protocol layer of the first communication interface 10 may include the first protocol layer of the second Internet of Things and the second protocol layer of the second Internet of Things. The second communication node 20 may exchange data with the fourth communication node through the first interface 10 so that the fourth communication node forwards the data sent by the second communication node 20 to the first communication node.

[0137] In one embodiment, the first setting protocol layer further includes:

[0138] The third protocol layer of the second Internet of Things, wherein the functions of the third protocol layer of the second Internet of Things include one or more of the following:

[0139] Maintain state; store configuration; fill in messages; generate messages.

[0140] In this embodiment, the second IoT third protocol layer can be understood as the IoT management layer (i.e., the IoT manage protocol layer) of the second communication node 20. The functions of the second IoT third protocol layer may include one or more of maintaining status, storing configurations, filling messages, and generating messages. The functions of the second IoT third protocol layer are not specifically limited herein.

[0141] In one embodiment, the filling message may be a filling message of a radio resource control RRC message carrying a NAS data packet, for example.

[0142] In one embodiment, the second setting protocol layer includes: a second Internet of Things fourth protocol layer, and the functions of the second Internet of Things fourth protocol layer include one or more of the following:

[0143] generating data between the second communication node and the third communication node based on an interface rule between the second communication node and the third communication node;

[0144] transmitting data exchanged between the third communication node and the second communication node;

[0145] Parse the data transmitted by the third communication node.

[0146] In this embodiment, the fourth protocol layer of the second Internet of Things can be understood as the Internet of Things wireless interface layer of the second communication node (i.e., the IoT AP protocol layer). The functions of the fourth protocol layer of the second Internet of Things may include generating data between the second communication node and the third communication node based on the interface rules of the second communication node and the third communication node; transmitting data exchanged between the third communication node and the second communication node; and parsing one or more of the data transmitted by the third communication node. The functions of the fourth protocol layer of the second Internet of Things are not specifically limited here. In this embodiment, the second setting protocol layer of the second communication interface 20 includes the fourth protocol layer of the second Internet of Things, and the second communication node can exchange data with the third communication node through the second communication interface 20.

[0147] In one embodiment, the first configured protocol layer includes: a first user plane protocol stack.

[0148] In this embodiment, the first user plane protocol stack can be understood as the user plane protocol stack of the second communication node. It can be understood that when the second communication node has the first user plane protocol stack, the second communication node can process a data packet using the first user plane protocol stack and send the data packet to the fourth communication node, so that the fourth communication node forwards the data to the first communication node, thereby completing the interaction with the first communication node.

[0149] In this embodiment, the first user plane protocol stack may include one or more of the following protocol layers:

[0150] Service data adaptation SDAP protocol layer; packet data convergence PDCP protocol layer; radio link layer control RLC protocol layer; MAC protocol layer; PHY protocol layer.

[0151] In one embodiment, the first configuration protocol layer includes: a first control plane protocol stack.

[0152] In this embodiment, the first control plane protocol stack can be understood as the control plane protocol stack of the second communication node. It can be understood that when the second communication node has the first control plane protocol stack, the second communication node can process data packets using the first control plane protocol stack and send the data packets to the fourth communication node, which then forwards the data to the first communication node via the fourth communication node, thereby completing interaction with the first communication node.

[0153] In this embodiment, the first control plane protocol stack may include one or more of the following protocol layers:

[0154] Radio resource control RRC protocol layer; PDCP protocol layer; RLC protocol layer; MAC protocol layer; PHY protocol layer.

[0155] In one embodiment, the control plane message received from the third communication node includes first control information and a first data packet, where the first data packet includes a command of the third communication node, and the first control information includes one or more of the following:

[0156] a first message type, where the message type indicates a type of the first data packet;

[0157] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0158] a connection identifier, wherein the connection identifier indicates an identifier of a connection between the second communication node and the third communication node;

[0159] first indication information, where the first indication information indicates processing of the first data packet;

[0160] The length of the first data packet.

[0161] In this embodiment, the first control information may be understood as control information included in a control plane message received from the third communication node; the first control information may be understood as a data packet included in a control plane message received from the third communication node.

[0162] In this embodiment, the first control information may include one or more of the first message type, the identifier of the first communication node, the connection identifier, and the first indication information. The content of the first control information is not specifically limited here.

[0163] In one example embodiment, an upper-layer node (i.e., the third communication node) sends control signaling to a base station (i.e., the second communication node) via a control plane message. The upper-layer node sends a message to the base station containing a command for the terminal (i.e., the first communication node). For example, the upper-layer node encapsulates a read operation into a data packet (i.e., the first data packet) at the IoT transfer protocol layer, carries this data packet in signaling at the IoT AP protocol layer, and sends it to the base station.

[0164] The specific form of the message is "control information (i.e., first control information) + data packet (i.e., first data packet)", where the data packet contains the command of the upper node, and the control information may include: message type (i.e., first message type), terminal identifier (i.e., identifier of the first communication node), data packet length (i.e., length of the first data packet), connection identifier, information indication (i.e., first indication information), etc.

[0165] Message type refers to the type of message carried, for example: which command;

[0166] The terminal identifier may include identifiers of multiple terminals, or an identifier associated with multiple terminals;

[0167] The connection identifier may include a connection identifier between the base station and the upper node;

[0168] The information indication may refer to an indication of processing of the carried data packet, such as whether to encrypt or integrity protect the data packet;

[0169] The length of the data packet may refer to the length of the data packet carried.

[0170] In one embodiment, the message sent to the third communication node via the control direction includes: second control information and a second data packet, the second data packet including feedback from the first communication node, and the second control information including one or more of the following:

[0171] a second message type, wherein the second message type indicates a type of the second data packet;

[0172] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0173] a connection identifier, wherein the connection identifier indicates an identifier of a connection between the second communication node and the third communication node;

[0174] second indication information, where the second indication information indicates processing of the second data packet;

[0175] The length of the second data packet.

[0176] In this embodiment, the second control information can be understood as the control information included in the message sent by the second communication node to the third communication node through control; the second control information can be understood as the data packet included in the message sent by the second communication node to the third communication node through control.

[0177] In this embodiment, the second control information may include one or more of the second message type, the identifier of the first communication node, the connection identifier, the second indication information, and the length of the second data packet. The content of the second control information is not specifically limited here.

[0178] In an example embodiment, the base station sends the terminal's feedback to an upper-layer node (i.e., a third communication node) via a control plane message. The base station completes the message transmission process but does not parse the message. After the base station completes the transmission process, it sends the terminal's feedback result to the core network (i.e., the third communication node). The message sent to the core network includes the terminal's feedback. For example, the terminal encapsulates the feedback of the read operation into a data packet (i.e., a second data packet) at the IoT transfer protocol layer and sends it to the base station. After receiving the data packet, the base station carries the data packet through signaling at the IoT AP protocol layer and reports the result of the read operation to the core network.

[0179] The specific form of the message is "control information (i.e., second control information) + data packet (second data packet)", wherein the data packet contains the feedback of the terminal, and the control information may include: data type (i.e., second message type), terminal identifier (i.e., identifier of the first communication node), data packet length (i.e., length of the second data packet), connection identifier, information indication (i.e., second indication information), etc.

[0180] The data type refers to the type of the data packet (i.e., the second data packet) carried, for example, which type of data or which type of command, etc.;

[0181] The terminal identifier may include identifiers of multiple terminals, or an identifier associated with multiple terminals;

[0182] The connection identifier may be the connection identifier between the base station and the upper node;

[0183] The information indication may refer to the processing performed on the data packet, such as whether it is encrypted or integrity protected;

[0184] The length of a data packet may refer to the length of the data packet carried.

[0185] In one embodiment, the user plane data packet received from the third communication node includes: a second header and a third data packet, the third data packet includes a command of the third communication node, and the second header includes one or more of the following:

[0186] a second data type, wherein the second data type indicates a type of the third data packet;

[0187] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0188] third indication information, where the third indication information indicates processing of the third data packet;

[0189] The length of the third data packet.

[0190] In this embodiment, the third data packet can be understood as an encapsulated data packet, such as a MAC PDU data packet. The second header can be understood as a header included in a user plane data packet received by the second communication node from the third communication node. The second header may include one or more of the following: a second data type; an identifier of the first communication node; third indication information; and the length of the third data packet. The content of the third data packet is not specifically limited herein.

[0191] In one exemplary embodiment, the upper-layer node sends control signaling to the base station via user-plane data packets. The upper-layer node sends a data packet to the base station, which carries the command content. For example, the upper-layer node encapsulates a read operation into a data packet (i.e., the third data packet) at the IoT transfer protocol layer, generates a data packet at the IoT AP protocol layer, and sends it to the base station.

[0192] The specific form of the data packet is "header (i.e., the second header) + encapsulated data packet (i.e., the third data packet)", wherein the encapsulated data packet contains the command of the upper node, and the header may include: data type (i.e., the second data type), terminal identifier (i.e., the identifier of the first communication node), data packet length (i.e., the length of the third data packet), information indication (i.e., the third indication information), etc.

[0193] The data type may refer to the type of the data packet (i.e., the third data packet) carried, for example, which type of data, or which type of command, etc.;

[0194] The terminal identifier may include identifiers of multiple terminals, or an identifier associated with multiple terminals;

[0195] The information indication (i.e., the third indication information) may refer to the processing performed on the carried data packet, such as whether it is encrypted, whether it is integrity protected, etc.;

[0196] The length of the data packet may refer to the length of the data packet carried.

[0197] In one embodiment, a data packet transmitted to a third communication node via a user includes: a third header and a fourth data packet, the fourth data packet including feedback from the first communication node, and the third header including one or more of the following:

[0198] a third data type, the third data type indicating a type of the fourth data packet;

[0199] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0200] Fourth indication information, where the fourth indication information indicates processing of the fourth data packet;

[0201] The length of the fourth data packet.

[0202] In this embodiment, the fourth data packet can be understood as an encapsulated data packet. The third header can be understood as the header included in the data packet transmitted by the second communication node to the third communication node via the user interface. The third header may include one or more of the following: a third data type; an identifier of the first communication node; fourth indication information; or the length of the fourth data packet. The content of the fourth data packet is not specifically limited herein.

[0203] In an example embodiment, the base station sends the terminal's feedback to the upper-layer node via a user-plane data packet. The base station completes the data packet transmission process but does not perform the data packet parsing process. After completing the transmission process, the base station sends the terminal's feedback result to the core network, and the message sent to the core network includes the terminal's feedback. For example, the terminal encapsulates the feedback of the read operation into a data packet (i.e., the fourth data packet) at the IoT transfer protocol layer and sends it to the base station. After receiving it, the base station carries the data packet via the user plane at the IoT AP protocol layer and reports the result of the read operation to the core network.

[0204] The specific form of the data packet is "header (i.e., the third header) + encapsulated data packet (i.e., the fourth data packet)", wherein the encapsulated data packet contains the feedback of the terminal, and the header may include: data type (i.e., the third data type), terminal identifier (i.e., the identifier of the first communication node), data packet length (i.e., the length of the fourth data packet); information indication (i.e., the fourth indication information), etc.

[0205] The data type may refer to the type of the data packet (i.e., the fourth data packet) carried, for example, which type of data, or which type of command, etc.;

[0206] The terminal identifier may include identifiers of multiple terminals, or an identifier associated with multiple terminals;

[0207] The information indication may refer to the processing performed on the data packet, such as whether it is encrypted or integrity protected;

[0208] The length of the data packet may refer to the length of the data packet carried.

[0209] In one embodiment, the message received from the third communication node includes one or more of the following:

[0210] The type information of the first communication node is the indication information of the preset terminal;

[0211] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0212] Partial information of the identifier of the first communication node;

[0213] The scope of the message;

[0214] Message type;

[0215] Data packets;

[0216] The size of the data packet;

[0217] The identifier of the fourth communication node.

[0218] In this embodiment, the preset terminal can be understood as, for example, a terminal based on RFID technology. The size of the data packet can be understood as the number of first communication node feedback messages contained in the data packet.

[0219] In this embodiment, the third communication node may trigger the second communication node to establish a connection with the first communication node. The third communication node may send a message to the second communication node. The message may include a paging message or other message. The message may include one or more of the following: indication information of a preset terminal; the identifier of the first communication node; partial information about the identifier of the first communication node; a data packet; or a message type.

[0220] In this embodiment, after receiving feedback from the first communication node, the third communication node may send information about the first communication node to the third communication node. This message may include initial information about the first communication node, an uplink NAS transmission message, or other messages. The message may include one or more of the following: indication information of a preset terminal; the identifier of the first communication node; partial information about the identifier of the first communication node; a data packet; and the size of the data packet. The data packet may include the identifier of the first communication node, an encryption key; an encryption and decryption algorithm; an integrity protection algorithm; and agreements between the network and the first communication node.

[0221] In this embodiment, the third communication node may choose to release the first communication node. The message sent to the second communication node may include a first communication node context release command or other message. The message may include one or more of the following: indication information of a preset terminal; an identifier of the first communication node; or partial identifier information of the first communication node.

[0222] In this embodiment, the third communication node can trigger the establishment of a connection with the first communication node. The third communication node sends a message to the second communication node. The message may include a paging message or other message. The message may include one or more of the following: an indication of a preset terminal; the identifier of the first communication node; partial information about the identifier of the first communication node; the identifier of the fourth communication node; the scope of the message; a data packet; and the message type. The data packet may include the identifier of the first communication node, an encryption key; an encryption and decryption algorithm; an integrity protection algorithm; and an agreement between the second and first communication nodes.

[0223] In this embodiment, the third communication node can initiate an access process to the first communication node based on feedback from the second communication node. The third communication node sends a message to the second communication node. The message may include a downlink NAS transmission message or other message. The message may include one or more of the following: a preset terminal indication; the identifier of the first communication node; partial identifier information of the first communication node; a data packet; and the size of the data packet. The data packet may include multiple access messages from the first communication node.

[0224] In one embodiment, the message received from the third communication node includes one or more of the following:

[0225] The type information of the first communication node is the indication information of the preset terminal;

[0226] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0227] Partial data of the identification of the first communication node;

[0228] The scope of the message;

[0229] an identifier of the first communication node group;

[0230] resources connected between the second communication node and the third communication node;

[0231] a data packet, the data packet including feedback from the first communication node;

[0232] The size of the data packet.

[0233] In this embodiment, a third communication node triggers a second communication node to establish a connection with a first communication node. The third communication node sends a message to the second communication node. The message may include a downlink NAS transmission message or other message. The message may include one or more of the following: information indicating a preset terminal; the identifier of the first communication node; partial information about the identifier of the first communication node; the range within which the message is sent; the identifier of the first communication node group; the connection resources between the second and third communication nodes; a data packet; and the size of the data packet. The data packet may include multiple access messages from the first communication node.

[0234] In one embodiment, the message sent to the third communication node includes one or more of the following:

[0235] Instruction information of the preset terminal;

[0236] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0237] Partial information of the identifier of the first communication node;

[0238] The size of the data packet;

[0239] A data packet including feedback from the first communication node.

[0240] In this embodiment, after receiving feedback from the first communication node, the second communication node transmits information about the first communication node to the third communication node. The transmitted message may include initial information about the first communication node, an uplink NAS transmission message, or other messages. The message may include one or more of the following: indication information of a preset terminal; the identifier of the first communication node; partial information about the identifier of the first communication node; a data packet; and the size of the data packet. The data may include feedback messages from multiple first communication nodes.

[0241] In this embodiment, after receiving feedback from the first communication node, the second communication node determines the selected first communication node and sends information about the first communication node to the third communication node. The message sent may include an uplink NAS transmission message, a NAS delivery indication message, or other messages. The message may include one or more of the following: indication information of a preset terminal; the identifier of the first communication node; partial information about the identifier of the first communication node; a data packet; and the size of the data packet. The data may include feedback messages from multiple first communication nodes.

[0242] Figure 5 A flowchart of another data transmission method provided by an embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the data transmission method described in this embodiment can be applied to the second communication node described in any embodiment of the present application, and the method includes step 210 and step 220.

[0243] In step 210, communication is performed with a first communication node via a first set protocol layer.

[0244] In step 220, communication is performed with the third communication node via the second set protocol layer.

[0245] In this embodiment, the second communication node can communicate with the second communication node through the first set protocol layer of the first communication interface. The data transmitted by the second communication node to the first communication node through the first set protocol layer is the data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method. The target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node. The target processing method is the method by which the first communication node and the third communication node process data; the second communication node can communicate with the third communication node through the second set protocol layer of the second communication interface.

[0246] In one embodiment, the second communication node may communicate with the first communication node through the second Internet of Things first protocol layer and the second Internet of Things second protocol layer included in the first setting protocol layer.

[0247] In one embodiment, the second communication node can communicate with the fourth communication node through the second Internet of Things first protocol layer and the second Internet of Things second protocol layer included in the first setting protocol layer, so as to communicate with the first communication node through the fourth communication node.

[0248] In one embodiment, the second communication node can communicate with the first communication node through the second Internet of Things first protocol layer, the second Internet of Things second protocol layer and the second Internet of Things third protocol layer included in the first setting protocol layer.

[0249] In one embodiment, the second communication node may communicate with the third communication node via the second Internet of Things fourth protocol layer included in the second setting protocol layer.

[0250] In one embodiment, the first set protocol layer may further include a first user plane protocol stack. The second communication node may communicate with the fourth communication node via the SDAP protocol layer, the PDCP protocol layer, the RLC protocol layer, the MAC protocol layer, and the PHY protocol layer.

[0251] In one embodiment, the first set protocol layer may further include a first control plane protocol stack. The second communication node may communicate with the fourth communication node via the RRC protocol layer, the PDCP protocol layer, the RLC protocol layer, the MAC protocol layer, and the PHY protocol layer.

[0252] In this embodiment, the second communication node in the Internet of Things communicates with the first communication node through the first set protocol layer and communicates with the third communication node through the second set protocol layer, thereby enabling communication between the communication nodes in the Internet of Things.

[0253] In one embodiment, the control plane message received from the third communication node includes first control information and a first data packet, where the first data packet includes a command of the third communication node, and the first control information includes one or more of the following:

[0254] a first message type, where the message type indicates a type of the first data packet;

[0255] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0256] a connection identifier, wherein the connection identifier indicates an identifier of a connection between the second communication node and the third communication node;

[0257] first indication information, where the first indication information indicates processing of the first data packet;

[0258] The length of the first data packet.

[0259] In one embodiment, the message sent to the third communication node via the control direction includes: second control information and a second data packet, the second data packet including feedback from the first communication node, and the second control information including one or more of the following:

[0260] a second message type, wherein the second message type indicates a type of the second data packet;

[0261] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0262] a connection identifier, wherein the connection identifier indicates an identifier of a connection between the second communication node and the third communication node;

[0263] second indication information, where the second indication information indicates processing of the second data packet;

[0264] The length of the second data packet.

[0265] In one embodiment, a user plane data packet received from a third communication node includes: a second header and a third data packet, the third data packet includes a command of the third communication node, and the second header includes one or more of the following:

[0266] a second data type, wherein the second data type indicates a type of the third data packet;

[0267] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0268] third indication information, where the third indication information indicates processing of the third data packet;

[0269] The length of the third data packet.

[0270] In one embodiment, a data packet transmitted to a third communication node via a user includes: a third header and a fourth data packet, wherein the fourth data packet includes feedback from the first communication node, and the third header includes one or more of the following:

[0271] a third data type, the third data type indicating a type of the fourth data packet;

[0272] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0273] Fourth indication information, where the fourth indication information indicates processing of the fourth data packet;

[0274] The length of the fourth data packet.

[0275] In one embodiment, a data packet transmitted to a third communication node via a user includes: a third header and a fourth data packet, wherein the fourth data packet includes feedback from the first communication node, and the third header includes one or more of the following:

[0276] a third data type, the third data type indicating a type of the fourth data packet;

[0277] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0278] Fourth indication information, where the fourth indication information indicates processing of the fourth data packet;

[0279] The length of the fourth data packet.

[0280] In one embodiment, the message received by the second communication node from the third communication node includes one or more of the following:

[0281] Instruction information of the preset terminal;

[0282] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0283] Partial information of the identifier of the first communication node;

[0284] The scope of the message;

[0285] Message type;

[0286] Data packets;

[0287] The size of the data packet;

[0288] The identifier of the fourth communication node.

[0289] In one embodiment, the message sent by the second communication node to the third communication node includes one or more of the following:

[0290] Instruction information of the preset terminal;

[0291] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0292] Partial information of the identifier of the first communication node;

[0293] The size of the data packet;

[0294] A data packet including feedback from the first communication node.

[0295] In one embodiment, the message received by the second communication node from the third communication node includes one or more of the following:

[0296] Instruction information of the preset terminal;

[0297] an identifier of the first communication node;

[0298] Partial data of the identification of the first communication node;

[0299] The scope of the message;

[0300] an identifier of the first communication node group;

[0301] resources connected between the second communication node and the third communication node;

[0302] a data packet, the data packet including an access message of the first communication node;

[0303] The size of the data packet.

[0304] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a third communication node provided in an embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the third communication node provided in this embodiment includes:

[0305] The second communication interface 20, the third communication node is connected to the second communication node described in any embodiment of the present application through the second communication interface 20, the data transmitted by the third communication node to the second communication node through the third Internet of Things protocol layer is the data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method, the target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node, and the target processing method is the method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node.

[0306] In this embodiment, the third communication node can be understood as an upper-layer node, such as a core network. The third communication node can transmit data with the first communication node through the second communication node. The third IoT protocol layer can include a third IoT first protocol layer and a third IoT second protocol layer.

[0307] In this embodiment, the third communication node in the Internet of Things can transmit data with the second communication node through the third Internet of Things protocol layer, and the third communication node can be connected to the cellular Internet of Things to realize data transmission between each communication node in the Internet of Things.

[0308] In one embodiment, the third Internet of Things protocol layer of the second communication interface 20 includes: a third Internet of Things first protocol layer, and the functions of the third Internet of Things first protocol layer include one or more of the following:

[0309] generating data between the second communication node and the third communication node based on an interface rule between the second communication node and the third communication node;

[0310] transmitting data exchanged between the third communication node and the second communication node;

[0311] Parse the data transmitted between the second communication nodes.

[0312] In this embodiment, the first protocol layer of the third Internet of Things can be understood as the Internet of Things wireless interface layer (ie, IoT AP protocol layer) of the third communication node.

[0313] In one embodiment, the third Internet of Things protocol layer of the second communication interface 20 includes: a third Internet of Things second protocol layer, and the functions of the third Internet of Things second protocol layer include one or more of the following:

[0314] Encryption; decryption; integrity protection.

[0315] In this embodiment, the second protocol layer of the third Internet of Things can be understood as the Internet of Things transmission layer (i.e., IoT transfer protocol layer) of the third communication node.

[0316] In one embodiment, the network elements of the third communication node include a first network element, a second network element and a third network element, and the data transmitted by the first communication node to the third communication node is forwarded by the third network element and the second network element and then transmitted to the first network element.

[0317] In this embodiment, the third communication node can transmit data to the second communication node through the first network element, the second network element and the third network element in sequence, and forward it to the first communication node through the second communication node; the data transmitted by the first communication node to the third communication node through the second communication node can be transmitted to the first network element through the third network element and the second network element in sequence.

[0318] The first network element may be the user plane UPF, the second network element may be the service management layer SMF, and the third network element may be the authentication management layer AMF.

[0319] In one embodiment, the message sent by the first network element to the second network element includes one or more of the following:

[0320] The server's identity;

[0321] Connection information;

[0322] information of the first communication node;

[0323] Command information.

[0324] In this embodiment, the server can serve as an upper-layer node. Connection information can be understood as connection information between the server and a first communication node, or connection information between the server and a second communication node. The connection information can include an identifier or resource corresponding to the connection. Information about the first communication node can include information about one or more first communication nodes. The information about the first communication node can include whether the first communication node is an IoT communication node, the identifier of the first communication node, the type of the first communication node, etc. Command information can include the type of command, command content, command purpose, etc.

[0325] In one embodiment, the message sent by the second network element to the first network element includes one or more of the following:

[0326] information of the first communication node;

[0327] command information;

[0328] capabilities of the first communication node;

[0329] a status of the first communication node;

[0330] The contract information of the first communication node.

[0331] In this embodiment, the capabilities of the first communication node can be understood as functions that the first communication node can support, such as the rates, modulation modes, and access control commands supported by the first communication node. The status of the first communication node can include whether the first communication node is reachable, whether the first communication node is silent, whether the first communication node is deactivated, or whether the first communication node is locked. The contract information of the first communication node can be understood as information stored in the memory of the first communication node. This information may be written before network access, including the operators, networks, and servers supported by the first communication node.

[0332] The above process is exemplified below by using an embodiment.

[0333] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a process of transmitting data between a second communication node and a third communication node provided in an embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the server sends a command to the core network (i.e., the third communication node). The core network establishes a connection with the base station (i.e., the second communication node) according to the command, initiates the process, and sends the command to the base station. The process is as follows:

[0334] The server is connected to the core network and sends the command to the user plane UPF (ie, the first network element) through the interface.

[0335] After receiving the command, UPF sends a message to the service management layer SMF (i.e., the second network element), wherein the message may carry: server identification, connection information, terminal information (i.e., information of the first communication node), command information, etc.

[0336] The connection information may be understood as identifiers or resources corresponding to connections between a server and a terminal, or between a server and a base station, if the core network establishes a connection between the server and the terminal, or between the server and the base station.

[0337] The terminal information may include: whether it is an IoT (Internet of Things) terminal, the terminal identifier, the terminal type, etc., wherein the terminal information may be information of multiple terminals.

[0338] The command information includes: the type of command, the content of the command, the purpose of the command, etc.

[0339] After receiving the data packet, the SMF initiates the process to the authentication management layer AMF (i.e., the third network element) based on the terminal information or command information. It also passes the terminal information, command information, terminal capabilities, terminal status, terminal contract information, etc. to the AMF.

[0340] The AMF determines which base station to initiate the process based on the terminal information or command information, and initiates the triggering process, triggering the base station to select and inventory the terminals under it.

[0341] After receiving feedback from the base station, the AMF authenticates or authorizes the data packet based on the terminal's information. If correct, it provides services to the terminal and initiates subsequent processes. It also sends a message to the base station requesting an execution command. This message packet may carry an encrypted command for the terminal.

[0342] If the core network has not established a connection between the server and the terminal, or between the server and the base station, the AMF initiates the process of establishing a connection.

[0343] After receiving the feedback from the terminal, AMF forwards the data packet to SMF.

[0344] SMF forwards the data packet to UPF.

[0345] Figure 8 A flowchart of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the data transmission method described in this embodiment can be applied to the third communication node described in any embodiment of the present application, and the method includes step 310.

[0346] In step 310, communication is performed with the second communication node via the third IoT protocol layer.

[0347] In this embodiment, the third Internet of Things protocol layer may include a third Internet of Things first protocol layer and a third Internet of Things second protocol layer.

[0348] In one embodiment, the third communication node may encrypt and integrity protect the data packet through the second protocol layer of the third Internet of Things, and send the data to the second communication node through the first protocol layer of the third Internet of Things.

[0349] In this embodiment, the third communication node within the Internet of Things can communicate with the second communication node through the third Internet of Things protocol layer, and the third communication node that communicates with the first communication node can be connected to the Internet of Things to realize communication between the communication nodes within the Internet of Things.

[0350] In one embodiment, the network elements of the third communication node include a first network element, a second network element and a third network element, and the first communication node and the third communication node perform data transmission through the first network element, the second network element and the third network element.

[0351] In one embodiment, the message sent by the first network element to the second network element includes one or more of the following:

[0352] The server's identity;

[0353] Connection information;

[0354] information of the first communication node;

[0355] Command information.

[0356] In this embodiment, the connection information may be understood as information about the connection between the third communication node and the second communication node, such as a connection identifier and resources associated with the connection. The information about the first communication node may include an identifier of the first communication node, a type of the first communication node, etc. The command information may include a command type, a command identifier, etc.

[0357] In one embodiment, the message sent by the second network element to the first network element includes one or more of the following:

[0358] information of the first communication node;

[0359] command information;

[0360] capabilities of the first communication node;

[0361] a status of the first communication node;

[0362] The contract information of the first communication node.

[0363] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fourth communication node provided in an embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, the fourth communication node provided in this embodiment includes:

[0364] A third communication interface 30 and a fourth communication interface 40; the fourth communication node is connected to the first communication node through the third communication interface 30, and the fourth communication node is connected to the second communication interface through the fourth communication interface 40; the first communication node is the first communication node described in any embodiment of the present application, and the fourth communication node forwards the data transmitted between the second communication node and the first communication node through the third setting protocol layer, and the data transmitted between the second communication node and the first communication node is the data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method, the target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node, and the target processing method is the method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node.

[0365] In this embodiment, the fourth communication node may be a communication node for data forwarding, such as a relay. The third communication interface 30 may be an interface for transmitting data between the first communication node and the fourth communication node. The fourth communication interface 40 may be an interface for transmitting data between the fourth communication node and the second communication node. The third set protocol layer may include a fourth IoT protocol layer; a second user plane protocol stack; or a second control plane protocol stack.

[0366] In this embodiment, the fourth communication node may serve as a data forwarding node to forward data exchanged between the first communication node and the second communication node.

[0367] In this embodiment, the third setting protocol layer may include a fourth Internet of Things protocol layer; a second user plane protocol stack or a second control plane protocol stack.

[0368] In this embodiment, the fourth communication node within the Internet of Things forwards the data transmitted between the second communication node and the first communication node through the third setting protocol layer, and can connect the fourth communication node that communicates with the first communication node to the Internet of Things, thereby realizing data transmission between each communication node within the Internet of Things.

[0369] In one embodiment, the third setting protocol layer includes a fourth Internet of Things protocol layer, the fourth Internet of Things protocol layer includes a fourth Internet of Things first protocol layer and a fourth Internet of Things second protocol layer, and the function of the fourth Internet of Things first protocol layer includes transmitting data exchanged between the first communication node and the second communication node;

[0370] The functions of the second protocol layer of the fourth Internet of Things include one or more of the following:

[0371] Generate packets; decode packets; schedule packets; transmit packets; concatenate multiple packets; maintain state.

[0372] In this embodiment, the first protocol layer of the fourth Internet of Things can be understood as the physical layer of the Internet of Things port of the fourth communication node (i.e., the IoT PHY protocol layer). The second protocol layer of the fourth Internet of Things can be understood as the media access control layer of the Internet of Things of the fourth communication node (i.e., the IoT MAC protocol layer).

[0373] In this embodiment, the functions of the second protocol layer of the fourth IoT may include one or more of generating data packets; decoding data packets; scheduling data packets; transmitting data packets; concatenating multiple data packets; and maintaining status. The functions of the second protocol layer of the fourth IoT are not specifically limited herein.

[0374] In one embodiment, the third configured protocol layer includes: a second user plane protocol stack or a second control plane protocol stack.

[0375] In this embodiment, the third set protocol layer may include a second user plane protocol stack, and the fourth communication node may transmit data with the second communication node through the second user plane protocol stack.

[0376] The second user plane protocol stack may include an SDAP protocol layer, a PDCP protocol layer, an RLC protocol layer, a MAC protocol layer, and a PHY protocol layer.

[0377] In this embodiment, the third set protocol layer may include a second control plane protocol stack, and the fourth communication node may transmit data with the second communication node through the second user plane protocol stack.

[0378] The second control plane protocol stack may include an RRC protocol layer, a PDCP protocol layer, an RLC protocol layer, a MAC protocol layer, and a PHY protocol layer.

[0379] Figure 10 A flowchart of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 10 As shown, the data transmission method described in this embodiment can be applied to the fourth communication node described in any embodiment of the present application, and the method includes step 410.

[0380] In step 410, communication is performed with the first communication node and the second communication node via a third set protocol layer.

[0381] In this embodiment, the fourth communication node forwards the data transmitted between the second communication node and the first communication node through the third setting protocol layer. The data transmitted between the second communication node and the first communication node is the data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method. The target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node. The target processing method is the method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node.

[0382] In this embodiment, the fourth communication node can communicate with the first communication node through the fourth Internet of Things first protocol layer and the fourth Internet of Things second protocol layer included in the third setting protocol layer.

[0383] In this embodiment, the fourth communication node may communicate with the second communication node through the second user plane protocol stack or the second control plane protocol stack included in the third set protocol layer.

[0384] In this embodiment, the fourth communication node in the Internet of Things can communicate with the first communication node and the second communication node respectively, and communication between the communication nodes in the Internet of Things can be realized.

[0385] In addition to being able to communicate with the first communication node capable of passive communication in this application, the second communication node, the third communication node and the fourth communication node of this application can also communicate with the first communication node capable of active communication.

[0386] The data transmission process of each communication node is exemplified below through different embodiments. It should be noted that technical details not fully described in this embodiment can be referred to any of the above embodiments.

[0387] Figure 11 A cellular Internet of Things network deployment diagram is provided in an embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the data processing platform is responsible for the management, operation, and maintenance of the tag data of the tag (i.e., the first communication node). The core network is responsible for transmitting the data of the data processing platform to the base station (i.e., the second communication node), or transmitting the data of the base station to the data processing platform. The base station is responsible for operating the tag, etc., and sending the data transmitted by the core network to the tag, or sending the data of the tag to the core network (i.e., the third communication node). For scenarios with a relay (i.e., the fourth communication node), the relay is responsible for converting the base station's commands into commands that the tag can recognize and sending them to the tag.

[0388] Example 1: In a scenario without relays, the communication architecture of the cellular Internet of Things includes upper-layer nodes, base stations, and terminals.

[0389] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a first communication architecture of a cellular Internet of Things provided in an embodiment is shown as follows: Figure 12 As shown, the base station forwards the data packet sent by the upper node to the terminal.

[0390] Figure 12 Some protocol layers may not exist, for example, the IoT transmission protocol layer may not exist. In this case, the IoT media access control protocol layer may have more functions.

[0391] For the upper node and the base station, the upper node and the base station transmit through their interface (ie, the second communication interface), and the protocol layer of the interface is: the Internet of Things wireless interface protocol layer.

[0392] The functions of the IoT wireless interface protocol layer include one of the following: generating data packets between the base station and the upper-layer node according to the rules of the interface; sending the data packets to the other end; and receiving and parsing the data packets at the other end.

[0393] For base stations and terminals, the base stations and terminals transmit through their interfaces, and the protocol layers of their interfaces are: IoT port physical protocol layer and IoT media access control protocol layer.

[0394] The functions of the physical protocol layer of the IoT port include one of the following: sending signals; receiving signals.

[0395] The functions of the IoT media access control protocol layer include one of the following:

[0396] Generate or decode packet scheduling, transmit packets;

[0397] Concatenate or multiple data packets;

[0398] Maintenance status, including: the status of the transmission process and the status of the terminal;

[0399] Encryption / decryption integrity protection.

[0400] For upper-layer nodes and terminals, the upper-layer nodes and terminals decode the data packets from the other end, and their protocol layer is: Internet of Things transmission protocol layer.

[0401] Functions of the IoT transmission protocol layer:

[0402] Encryption / decryption: The upper-layer node and the terminal agree on the encryption / decryption key and algorithm to generate or decode the data packet;

[0403] Integrity protection: the integrity protection algorithm negotiated between the upper-layer node and the terminal generates or decodes data packets;

[0404] For downlink data packets, the upper-layer node encrypts and integrity-protects them at the IoT transport protocol layer before sending them to the base station. On the base station side, the IoT media access control protocol layer assembles the packets, and the IoT port physical protocol layer transmits them. On the terminal side, the IoT port physical protocol layer receives the packets, the IoT media access control protocol layer unpacks them, and the IoT transport protocol layer decrypts the packets.

[0405] Example 2: In a scenario without relays, the communication architecture of the cellular Internet of Things includes upper-layer nodes, base stations, and terminals.

[0406] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a second communication architecture of a cellular Internet of Things provided in an embodiment is shown as follows: Figure 13 As shown, the upper-layer node generates control information, and the base station forwards the data packet carrying the control information to the terminal. Some protocol layers in the figure may not exist, such as the IoT transmission protocol layer and the IoT management protocol layer. In this case, the IoT media access control protocol layer can have more functions.

[0407] For the base station and the terminal, the base station and the terminal transmit through their interface (i.e., the first communication interface). The protocol layer of the interface may include: the Internet of Things port physical protocol layer, the Internet of Things media access control protocol layer, and the Internet of Things management protocol layer. The functions of the Internet of Things management protocol layer include one of the following:

[0408] Maintenance status, including: the status of the transmission process and the status of the terminal;

[0409] Encryption / decryption;

[0410] Integrity protection;

[0411] Storage configuration;

[0412] Fill in and generate the message.

[0413] For downlink data packets, the upper-layer node encrypts and integrity-protects the data packets at the IoT transmission protocol layer and sends them to the base station. On the base station side, the IoT management protocol layer encrypts and integrity-protects the data packets, fills in the message, and generates the message. The IoT media access control protocol layer assembles the packets, and the IoT port physical protocol layer transmits them. On the terminal side, the IoT port physical protocol layer receives the data packets, the IoT media access control protocol layer unpacks the packets, and the IoT higher-layer layer decrypts the data packets.

[0414] Example 3: In a scenario with a relay, the communication architecture of the cellular Internet of Things includes upper-layer nodes, base stations, relays, and terminals.

[0415] Figure 14 A third communication architecture diagram of the Internet of Things provided in one embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 14 As shown, the relay forwards the data packet sent by the base station to the terminal.

[0416] For downlink data packets, the base station processes them through the IoT Media Access Control (MAC) protocol layer and the IoT Port Physical Protocol layer and sends them to the relay. On the relay side, the IoT MAC and IoT Port Physical Protocol layers receive the data packets and forward them to the terminal. On the terminal side, the IoT Port Physical Protocol layer receives the data packets, and the IoT MAC layer decompresses them.

[0417] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a fourth communication architecture of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment. Figure 15 As shown in the figure, for downlink data, the upper-layer node triggers the process, encrypts and integrity-protects the message at the IoT transmission protocol layer, and sends the message to the base station via the IoT wireless interface protocol layer. On the terminal side, the IoT port physical protocol layer receives the message, the IoT media access control protocol layer unpacks the packet, and the IoT transmission protocol layer decrypts the packet.

[0418] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the fifth communication architecture of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment. Figure 16 As shown, if the relay has an IoT protocol layer and a user plane / control plane protocol stack, the base station sends data to the relay through the user plane, and the relay forwards the data packet sent by the base station to the terminal.

[0419] For downlink data packets, the base station processes them through the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Radio Link Control (RLC), Media Access Control (MAC), and Port Physical Protocol (PHY) layers, sending them to the relay. On the relay side, data packets are received through SDAP, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY layers, converted into data packets recognizable by the terminal, assembled through the IoT Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and transmitted through the IoT Port Physical Protocol layer. On the terminal side, the IoT Port Physical Protocol layer receives the data, and the IoT Media Access Control (MAC) layer de-packets it.

[0420] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the sixth communication architecture of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment. Figure 17 As shown in the figure, for downlink data transmission, the upper-layer node triggers the process, encrypts and integrity-protects the message at the IoT transmission protocol layer, and sends the message to the base station via the IoT wireless interface protocol layer. On the terminal side, the IoT port physical protocol layer receives the message, the IoT media access control protocol layer unpacks the packet, and the IoT transmission protocol layer decrypts the packet.

[0421] Figure 18 FIG7 is a seventh communication architecture diagram of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment. Figure 18 As shown, if the relay has a protocol stack of the IoT protocol layer and the user plane / control plane, the base station sends data to the relay through the control plane, and the relay forwards the data packet sent by the base station to the terminal.

[0422] For downlink data transmission, on the base station side, data packets are processed through the radio resource control protocol layers (RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY) and sent to the relay. On the relay side, data packets are received through RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY, converted into data packets recognizable by the terminal, assembled through the IoT media access control protocol layer, and transmitted through the port physical protocol layer. On the terminal side, the port physical protocol layer receives the data, and the IoT media access control protocol layer depackets it.

[0423] Figure 19 FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an eighth communication architecture of the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment. Figure 19 As shown in the figure, for downlink data transmission, the upper-layer node triggers the process, encrypts and integrity-protects the message at the IoT transmission protocol layer, and sends the message to the base station via the IoT wireless interface protocol layer. On the terminal side, the IoT port physical protocol layer receives the message, the IoT media access control protocol layer unpacks the packet, and the IoT transmission protocol layer decrypts the packet.

[0424] Example 4: A base station establishes a connection with an upper-layer node (eg, a server, a core network), and the node instructs the base station to operate a terminal under it. The communication process between the node and the base station is carried out through the control plane connecting the node and the base station.

[0425] Figure 20 The first flow chart of data interaction between communication nodes in the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment is as follows: Figure 20 As shown, the interaction process is as follows:

[0426] Step 1: The upper node triggers the base station to establish a connection with the terminal. The upper node sends a message to the base station. The message may be a paging message or other message. The message must carry at least one of the following:

[0427] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0428] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, for example: personal computer PC, electronic product code EPC and 16-bit cyclic redundancy check CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0429] The scope of message transmission, that is, the area in which the message needs to be transmitted, for example, the scope of the cells;

[0430] Data packets can carry terminal identification, encryption keys, encryption and decryption algorithms, integrity protection algorithms, and network and terminal agreements, such as the format of feedback messages;

[0431] Message type, the type of message carried in the data packet. Step 2: After receiving the data packet, the base station sends the data packet to the terminal according to the information provided by the upper node.

[0432] After receiving the data packet, the terminal decodes it. If the terminal meets the conditions indicated by the message sent by the base station, the terminal considers it to be selected and responds according to the agreement between the network and the terminal, and feeds back the message.

[0433] Step 3: The base station initiates an inventory process for the terminal, requiring the terminal to feedback its own identification and capabilities in a certain order. After receiving the feedback, the terminal will provide feedback.

[0434] Step 4: After receiving the feedback from the terminal, the base station sends the terminal information to the upper node. The message may include the initial information of the terminal, namely, INITIAL UE MESSAGE, uplink NAS transport message, namely, UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT, or other messages. The message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0435] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0436] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0437] Data packets, where a data packet can contain feedback messages from multiple terminals, for example, feedback messages from multiple terminals in series. Each feedback message contains at least one of the following: terminal identifier, feedback content, feedback message size, and whether the feedback was successful. These feedback messages can also be said to be encrypted or integrity-protected messages;

[0438] The size of the data packet, or how many terminal feedback messages the data packet contains.

[0439] Step 5: The upper node initiates the access process for the terminal based on the feedback from the base station. The upper node sends a message to the base station. The message can be an uplink NAS transport message, i.e., a downlink NAS TRANSPORT message or other message. The message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0440] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0441] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0442] Data packets, where a data packet can be feedback messages from multiple terminals, for example, access messages from multiple terminals in series. Each access message contains at least one of the following: a terminal identifier, access message type, access message content, access message size, and feedback message format. These access messages can also be encrypted or integrity-protected.

[0443] The size of the data packet, or how many terminal feedback messages the data packet contains.

[0444] Step 6: After receiving the data packet, the base station sends it to the terminal.

[0445] Step 7: After receiving the feedback from the terminal, the base station determines the selected terminal and sends the terminal information to the upper node. The message can be a downlink NAS transport message (UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT), a NAS delivery indication message (NAS delivery indication), or other messages. The message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0446] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0447] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0448] Data packets, where a data packet can be feedback messages from multiple terminals, for example, feedback messages from multiple terminals are serially transmitted. Each feedback message contains at least one of the following: terminal identifier, feedback content, feedback message size, feedback success, and feedback content. These feedback messages can also be encrypted or integrity-protected messages.

[0449] The size of the data packet, or how many terminal feedback messages the data packet contains.

[0450] Step 8: The upper-layer node selects to release the terminal. The message may be a terminal context release command, i.e., a UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND, or other messages. The message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0451] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0452] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, for example: PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16.

[0453] Example 5: The base station establishes a connection with an upper-layer node (eg, server, core network), and the node commands the base station to operate its terminals. Furthermore, the communication process between the node and the base station is carried out through the control plane connecting the node and the base station.

[0454] Figure 21 The second flow chart of data interaction between communication nodes in the Internet of Things provided by an embodiment is as follows: Figure 21 As shown, the interaction process is as follows:

[0455] Step 1: The upper node triggers the base station to establish a connection with the terminal. The upper node sends a message to the base station. The message can be a downlink NAS transport message, i.e., a downlink NAS TRANSPORT message or other message. The message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0456] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0457] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0458] The scope of message transmission, that is, the area in which the message needs to be transmitted, for example, the scope of the cells;

[0459] The identifier of the terminal group, which is the unified identifier of multiple terminals;

[0460] Resources for connections between upper-layer nodes and base stations;

[0461] Data packets, where a data packet can be feedback messages from multiple terminals, for example, access messages from multiple terminals in series. Each access message contains at least one of the following: a terminal identifier, access message type, access message content, access message size, and feedback message format. These access messages can also be encrypted or integrity-protected.

[0462] The size of the data packet, or how many terminal feedback messages the data packet contains.

[0463] Step 2: After receiving the message, the base station sends a message to the terminal based on the information provided by the upper-layer node, confirming the selected terminal and identifying it. The base station initiates an inventory process for the terminal, requiring the terminal to provide its identification and capabilities in a specific order. Upon receiving the message, the terminal provides feedback. Based on the information provided by the upper-layer node, an access command is sent to the terminal, informing the selected terminal of the operation to be performed, such as read, write, lock, or deactivate. Upon receiving the message, the terminal performs the operation according to the access command and provides feedback.

[0464] Step 3: After receiving the feedback from the terminal, the base station determines the selected terminal and sends the terminal information to the upper node. The message can be an uplink NAS transport message (UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT), a NAS delivery indication message (NAS delivery indication), or other messages. The message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0465] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0466] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0467] Data packets, where a data packet can be feedback messages from multiple terminals, for example, feedback messages from multiple terminals are serially transmitted. Each feedback message contains at least one of the following: terminal identifier, feedback content, feedback message size, feedback success, and feedback content. These feedback messages can also be encrypted or integrity-protected messages.

[0468] The size of the data packet, or how many terminal feedback messages the data packet contains.

[0469] Step 4: The upper-layer node selects to release the terminal. The message may be a terminal context release command UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND or other messages. The message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0470] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0471] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, for example: PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16.

[0472] Example 6: The base station has established a connection with an upper-layer node (e.g., a server, core network), but not with a relay. The node instructs the base station to operate its terminals. Furthermore, all communication between the node and the base station occurs via the control plane connecting the node and the base station. All communication between the relay and the base station occurs via the control plane connecting the relay and the base station.

[0473] Figure 22 The third flow chart of data interaction between communication nodes in the Internet of Things provided by one embodiment is as follows: Figure 22 As shown, the interaction process is as follows:

[0474] Step 1: The upper node triggers the base station to establish a connection with the terminal. The upper node sends a message to the base station. The message may be a paging message or other message. The message must carry at least one of the following:

[0475] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0476] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0477] Relay identification;

[0478] The scope of message transmission, that is, the area in which the message needs to be transmitted, for example, the scope of the cells;

[0479] Data packets can carry terminal identification, encryption keys, encryption and decryption algorithms, integrity protection algorithms, and network and terminal agreements, such as the format of feedback messages;

[0480] Message type: the type of message carried in the data packet.

[0481] Step 2: After receiving the message, the base station wakes up the relay based on the information provided by the upper node. The message may be a paging message or other message. The message must carry at least one of the following:

[0482] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0483] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0484] Relay identification;

[0485] Data packets can carry terminal identification, encryption keys, encryption and decryption algorithms, integrity protection algorithms, and network and terminal agreements, such as the format of feedback messages;

[0486] Message type: the type of message carried in the data packet.

[0487] Step 3: After receiving the message, the relay initiates a selection process to the terminal according to the received message and sends the data packet to the terminal.

[0488] Step 4: The relay initiates an inventory process for the terminal, requiring the terminal to feedback its own identification and capabilities in a certain order. After receiving the feedback, the terminal will provide feedback.

[0489] Step 5: After receiving the terminal's feedback, the relay sends the terminal's information to the upper-layer node. The message can be an RRC connection request or other message. The message must carry at least one of the following:

[0490] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0491] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0492] Data packets, where a data packet can contain feedback messages from multiple terminals, for example, feedback messages from multiple terminals in series. Each feedback message contains at least one of the following: terminal identifier, feedback content, feedback message size, and whether the feedback was successful. These feedback messages can also be encrypted or integrity-protected.

[0493] The size of the data packet, or how many terminal feedback messages the data packet contains.

[0494] Step 6: After receiving the feedback from the relay, the base station sends the terminal information to the upper node. The message may include the initial information of the terminal, namely, INITIAL UE MESSAGE, uplink NAS transmission information, namely, UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT, or other messages. The message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0495] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0496] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0497] Data packets, where a data packet can contain feedback messages from multiple terminals, for example, feedback messages from multiple terminals in series. Each feedback message contains at least one of the following: terminal identifier, feedback content, feedback message size, and whether the feedback was successful. These feedback messages can also be encrypted or integrity-protected.

[0498] The size of the data packet, or how many terminal feedback messages the data packet contains.

[0499] Step 7: The upper node initiates the access process for the terminal based on the feedback from the base station. The upper node sends a message to the base station. The message may include a downlink NAS transport message, i.e., a downlink NAS TRANSPORT message or other message. The message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0500] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0501] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0502] Data packets, where a data packet can be feedback access messages from multiple terminals, for example, access messages from multiple terminals are concatenated. Each access message contains at least one of the following: a terminal identifier, access message type, access message content, access message size, and feedback message format. These access messages can also be encrypted or integrity-protected.

[0503] The size of the data packet, or how many terminal feedback messages the data packet contains.

[0504] Step 8: After receiving the data packet, the base station sends it to the relay. This message can be an RRC connection setup message, i.e., an RRC Connection Setup message or other message, and the message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0505] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0506] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0507] Data packets can be feedback messages from multiple terminals, for example, access messages from multiple terminals in series. Each access message contains at least one of the following: a terminal identifier, access message type, access message content, access message size, and feedback message format. These access messages can also be encrypted or integrity-protected.

[0508] The size of the data packet, or how many terminal feedback messages the data packet contains.

[0509] Step 9: After receiving the data packet, the relay decodes it and sends it to the terminal through the access process. During the access process, the relay informs the selected terminal of the operation to be performed, such as read, write, lock, and kill. After receiving the access command, the terminal executes the operation according to the access command and returns a feedback message.

[0510] Step 10: After receiving the feedback from the terminal, the relay sends the terminal information to the base station. The message may be an RRC connection setup complete message, i.e., an RRC Connection Setup Complete message or other message, and the message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0511] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0512] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0513] Data packets; a data packet can be feedback messages from multiple terminals, for example, feedback messages from multiple terminals are concatenated. Each feedback message contains at least one of the following: terminal identifier, feedback content, feedback message size, feedback success rate, and feedback content. These feedback messages can also be encrypted or integrity-protected.

[0514] The size of the data packet, or how many terminal feedback messages the data packet contains.

[0515] Step 11: After receiving the feedback from the relay, the base station sends the terminal information to the upper node. The message may be a downlink NAS transport message (UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT), a NAS delivery indication message (NAS delivery indication), or other messages. The message needs to carry at least one of the following:

[0516] Instructions to special terminals, which are messages to special terminals (e.g., tags);

[0517] Terminal identification or part of the terminal identification, such as PC, EPC (Electronic Product Code) and CRC-16, or part of PC, EPC and CRC-16;

[0518] Data packets; a data packet can be feedback messages from multiple terminals, for example, feedback messages from multiple terminals are concatenated. Each feedback message contains at least one of the following: terminal identifier, feedback content, feedback message size, feedback success rate, and feedback content. These feedback messages can also be encrypted or integrity-protected.

[0519] The size of the data packet, or how many terminal feedback messages the data packet contains.

[0520] An embodiment of the present application further provides a storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, any transmission method described in the embodiments of the present application is implemented.

[0521] Optionally, the transmission method, applied to a terminal device, includes: determining information to be transmitted, the information to be transmitted instructing a management entity to select resources for the terminal device; and transmitting the information to be transmitted to the management entity.

[0522] Optionally, the transmission method is applied to a management entity, including: obtaining information to be transmitted, the information to be transmitted instructing the management entity to select resources for the terminal device; and performing resource selection based on the information to be transmitted.

[0523] The computer storage medium of the embodiment of the present application can adopt any combination of one or more computer-readable media.Computer-readable media can be computer-readable signal media or computer-readable storage media.Computer-readable storage media can be, for example, but not limited to: electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices or devices, or any combination of the above.More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: electrical connections with one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memories (RAM), read-only memories (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROM), flash memories, optical fibers, portable CD-ROMs, optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the above.Computer-readable storage media can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program, which can be used by an instruction execution system, device or device or used in combination with it.

[0524] A computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such a propagated data signal may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium may also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium that can transmit, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0525] The program code contained on the computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wire, optical cable, radio frequency (RF), etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0526] The computer program code for performing the operations of the present application can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and also conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as an independent software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., using an Internet service provider to connect via the Internet).

[0527] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0528] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the term user terminal covers any suitable type of wireless user equipment, such as a mobile phone, a portable data processing device, a portable web browser or a vehicle-mounted mobile station.

[0529] In general, various embodiments of the present application may be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuits, software, logic, or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, although the present application is not limited thereto.

[0530] Embodiments of the present application may be implemented by executing computer program instructions by a data processor of a mobile device, for example, in a processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The computer program instructions may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages.

[0531] The block diagram of any logic flow in the drawings of this application may represent program steps, or may represent interconnected logic circuits, modules and functions, or may represent a combination of program steps and logic circuits, modules and functions. A computer program may be stored on a memory. The memory may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as but not limited to read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), optical storage devices and systems (digital versatile discs (DVD) or compact disks (CD), etc.). Computer-readable media may include non-transitory storage media. The data processor may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment, such as but not limited to a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and a processor based on a multi-core processor architecture.

[0532] The above description of exemplary embodiments of the present application has been provided by way of exemplary and non-limiting examples. However, various modifications and adaptations of the above embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the appended claims, without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, the proper scope of the present application will be determined by reference to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A first communication node, characterized in that: include: a first communication interface, the first communication node being connected to the second communication node via the first communication interface; The data transmitted by the first communication node to the second communication node through the first Internet of Things protocol layer is data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method, the target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node, the target processing method is a method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node, the first Internet of Things protocol layer is a protocol layer included in the first communication node within the Internet of Things, wherein the target processing method is a method indicated by the third communication node to the first communication node; the first communication node, the second communication node, and the third communication node are communication nodes within the Internet of Things; The first communication node is a passive communication node.

2. The first communication node according to claim 1, characterized in that The first Internet of Things protocol layer of the first communication interface includes a first Internet of Things first protocol layer and a first Internet of Things second protocol layer, and the function of the first Internet of Things first protocol layer includes transmitting data interacted between the first communication node and the second communication node; The functions of the second protocol layer of the first Internet of Things include one or more of the following: Generate packets; decode packets; schedule packets; transmit packets; concatenate multiple packets; extract packets; maintain state; encrypt; decrypt; and perform integrity protection.

3. The first communication node according to claim 2, characterized in that The data packet of the second protocol layer of the first Internet of Things includes a first header and corresponding data; the first header includes one or more of the following: a first data type, where the first data type indicates a type of a data packet included in the first data; the length of the data packet included in the first data; Processing instruction information, the processing instruction information indicating processing performed on the data packets included in the first data; a target identifier, the target identifier indicating an identifier of a communication node that receives a data packet included in the first data; An original side identifier, where the original side identifier indicates an identifier of a communication node that sends the data packet included in the first data.

4. The first communication node according to claim 1, characterized in that The first Internet of Things protocol layer includes: a first Internet of Things third protocol layer, and the functions of the first Internet of Things third protocol layer include one or more of the following: Maintain state; encrypt; decrypt; protect integrity; store configuration; fill in messages; generate messages, and execute control processes.

5. The first communication node according to claim 1, characterized in that The first Internet of Things protocol layer includes: a first Internet of Things fourth protocol layer, wherein the function of the first Internet of Things fourth protocol layer includes processing data based on one or more of the following target processing methods: Encryption; decryption; integrity protection.

6. A second communication node, characterized in that: include: a first communication interface and a second communication interface, the second communication node being connected to the first communication node through the first communication interface, the first communication node being the first communication node according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the second communication node being connected to a third communication node through the second communication interface, and the second communication node forwarding data exchanged between the first communication node and the third communication node; The data transmitted by the second communication node to the first communication node through the first set protocol layer is data processed by a target communication node based on a target processing method, the target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node, and the target processing method is a method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node; The second communication node communicates with the third communication node via a second set protocol layer.

7. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The first setting protocol layer of the first communication interface includes a first protocol layer of a second Internet of Things and a second protocol layer of a second Internet of Things, and a function of the first protocol layer of the second Internet of Things includes transmitting data interacted between the first communication node and the second communication node; The functions of the second protocol layer of the second Internet of Things include one or more of the following: Generate packets; decode packets; schedule packets; transmit packets; concatenate multiple packets; maintain state.

8. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The first setting protocol layer further includes: The third protocol layer of the second Internet of Things, wherein the functions of the third protocol layer of the second Internet of Things include one or more of the following: Maintain state; store configuration; fill in messages; generate messages.

9. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The second setting protocol layer includes: a second Internet of Things fourth protocol layer, and the functions of the second Internet of Things fourth protocol layer include one or more of the following: generating data between the second communication node and the third communication node based on an interface rule between the second communication node and the third communication node; transmitting data exchanged between the third communication node and the second communication node; Parse the data transmitted by the third communication node.

10. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The first setting protocol layer includes: a first user plane protocol stack.

11. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The first setting protocol layer includes: a first control plane protocol stack.

12. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The control plane message received from the third communication node includes first control information and a first data packet, where the first data packet includes a command of the third communication node, and the first control information includes one or more of the following: a first message type, where the message type indicates a type of the first data packet; an identifier of the first communication node; a connection identifier, wherein the connection identifier indicates an identifier of a connection between the second communication node and the third communication node; first indication information, where the first indication information indicates processing of the first data packet; The length of the first data packet.

13. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The message sent to the third communication node via the control direction includes: second control information and a second data packet, the second data packet includes feedback from the first communication node, and the second control information includes one or more of the following: a second message type, wherein the second message type indicates a type of the second data packet; an identifier of the first communication node; a connection identifier, wherein the connection identifier indicates an identifier of a connection between the second communication node and the third communication node; second indication information, where the second indication information indicates processing of the second data packet; The length of the second data packet.

14. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The user plane data packet received from the third communication node includes: a second header and a third data packet, the third data packet includes a command of the third communication node, and the second header includes one or more of the following: a second data type, wherein the second data type indicates a type of the third data packet; an identifier of the first communication node; third indication information, where the third indication information indicates processing of the third data packet; The length of the third data packet.

15. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The data packet transmitted to the third communication node via the user includes: a third header and a fourth data packet, wherein the fourth data packet includes feedback from the first communication node, and the third header includes one or more of the following: a third data type, the third data type indicating a type of the fourth data packet; an identifier of the first communication node; Fourth indication information, where the fourth indication information indicates processing of the fourth data packet; The length of the fourth data packet.

16. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The message received from the third communication node includes one or more of the following: type information of the first communication node; an identifier of the first communication node; Partial information of the identifier of the first communication node; The scope of the message; Message type; Data packets; The size of the data packet; The identifier of the fourth communication node.

17. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The message sent to the third communication node includes one or more of the following: type information of the first communication node; an identifier of the first communication node; Partial information of the identifier of the first communication node; The size of the data packet; A data packet including feedback from the first communication node.

18. The second communication node according to claim 6, characterized in that The message received from the third communication node includes one or more of the following: type information of the first communication node; an identifier of the first communication node; Partial data of the identification of the first communication node; The scope of the message; an identifier of the first communication node group; resources connected between the second communication node and the third communication node; a data packet, the data packet including feedback from the first communication node; The size of the data packet.

19. A third communication node, characterized in that: include: A second communication interface, the third communication node is connected to the second communication node as described in any one of claims 6-18 through the second communication interface, the data transmitted by the third communication node to the second communication node through the third Internet of Things protocol layer is the data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method, the target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node, and the target processing method is the method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node.

20. The third communication node according to claim 19, characterized in that The third Internet of Things protocol layer of the second communication interface includes: a third Internet of Things first protocol layer, and the functions of the third Internet of Things first protocol layer include one or more of the following: generating data between the second communication node and the third communication node based on an interface rule between the second communication node and the third communication node; transmitting data exchanged between the third communication node and the second communication node; Parse the data transmitted between the second communication nodes.

21. The third communication node according to claim 19, characterized in that The third Internet of Things protocol layer of the second communication interface includes: a third Internet of Things second protocol layer, and the functions of the third Internet of Things second protocol layer include one or more of the following: Encryption; decryption; integrity protection.

22. The third communication node according to claim 19, characterized in that The network elements of the third communication node include a first network element, a second network element and a third network element. The first communication node and the third communication node perform data transmission through the first network element, the second network element and the third network element.

23. The third communication node according to claim 22, characterized in that The message sent by the first network element to the second network element includes one or more of the following: The server's identity; Connection information; information of the first communication node; Command information.

24. The third communication node according to claim 23, characterized in that The message sent by the second network element to the first network element includes one or more of the following: information of the first communication node; command information; capabilities of the first communication node; a status of the first communication node; The contract information of the first communication node.

25. A fourth communication node, characterized in that: include: A third communication interface and a fourth communication interface; the fourth communication node is connected to the first communication node through the third communication interface, and the fourth communication node is connected to the second communication node through the fourth communication interface; the first communication node is the first communication node described in any one of claims 1-5, and the fourth communication node forwards the data transmitted between the second communication node and the first communication node through the third setting protocol layer, and the data transmitted between the second communication node and the first communication node is the data processed by the target communication node based on the target processing method, the target communication node includes the first communication node and the third communication node, and the target processing method is the method for processing data by the first communication node and the third communication node.

26. The fourth communication node according to claim 25, characterized in that The third setting protocol layer includes a fourth Internet of Things protocol layer, the fourth Internet of Things protocol layer includes a fourth Internet of Things first protocol layer and a fourth Internet of Things second protocol layer, and the function of the fourth Internet of Things first protocol layer includes transmitting data exchanged between the first communication node and the second communication node; The functions of the second protocol layer of the fourth Internet of Things include one or more of the following: Generate packets; decode packets; schedule packets; transmit packets; concatenate multiple packets; maintain state.

27. The fourth communication node according to claim 25, characterized in that The third set protocol layer includes: a second user plane protocol stack or a second control plane protocol stack.

28. A data transmission method, applied to the first communication node according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the method comprising: Communicate with the second communication node via the first Internet of Things protocol layer.

29. A data transmission method, applied to the second communication node according to any one of claims 6 to 18, the method comprising: communicating with the first communication node via a first set protocol layer; Communicate with the third communication node via the second set protocol layer.

30. A data transmission method, applied to the third communication node according to any one of claims 19 to 24, the method comprising: Communicate with the second communication node via the third Internet of Things protocol layer.

31. A data transmission method, applied to the fourth communication node according to any one of claims 25 to 27, the method comprising: Communicate with the first communication node and the second communication node via a third set protocol layer.

32. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 28 to 31 is implemented.

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