Path loss calculation method and apparatus

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a path loss calculation method and device, the method selects a scene to which a simulation area belongs from a scene library according to a scene characteristic of the simulation area, each scene in the scene library corresponds to N base functions; and path loss data of the simulation area is obtained according to the N base functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs, N being a positive integer. The N base functions corresponding to each scene are base functions that have the greatest influence on the accuracy of calculation results of path loss of the scene in a base function library; and the base function library is constructed based on a transmitting end base function, a propagation base function and a receiving end peripheral environment base function. The path loss calculation method avoids complex multi-path calculation such as reflection and diffraction in a deterministic model, and reduces the calculation complexity. In the method, when the base functions corresponding to different scenes are determined, the influence of environmental factors in each scene on path loss under the scene is considered, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of calculating path loss of the simulation area.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of computer, and particularly relates to a path loss calculation method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] There is path loss when a network device and a terminal device transmit wireless signals. A device for calculating path loss can determine the path loss when the network device and the terminal device transmit wireless signals based on a deterministic model (also referred to as a ray tracing model).

[0003] Specifically, the device for calculating path loss can simulate the wireless signals transmitted between the network device and the terminal device through a plurality of rays. The plurality of rays can be simulated to propagate in accordance with the physical propagation principles of electromagnetic waves such as geometric optics and uniform diffraction theory, then the path of each ray is tracked, and finally the path loss of the wireless signals transmitted between the network device and the terminal device is determined according to the power loss of each ray. However, this path loss determination method requires three-dimensional (3D) space search and ray multi-path calculation, which greatly increases the calculation amount.

[0004] Therefore, how to reduce the calculation complexity of path loss calculation is a problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a path loss calculation method and device, which can reduce the calculation complexity of path loss calculation.

[0006] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a path loss calculation method, which comprises: selecting a scene to which a simulation region belongs from a scene library according to the scene characteristics of the simulation region, each scene in the scene library corresponding to N base functions; and obtaining path loss data of the simulation region according to the N base functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation region belongs, N being a positive integer.

[0007] The N base functions corresponding to each scene are the base functions in the base function library that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation results of the path loss of the scene; the base function library is constructed based on a transmitting end base function, a propagation base function and a receiving end peripheral environment base function, the transmitting end base function being used to represent the influence of the engineering parameters of the transmitting end on the path loss, the propagation base function being used to represent the influence of the relative positions of the transmitting end and the receiving end and the electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss, and the receiving end peripheral environment base function being used to represent the influence of the region where the receiving end is located and the environmental characteristics on the path loss.

[0008] It can be seen that the path loss calculation method avoids complex reflection, diffraction and other calculations in the deterministic model, reduces the calculation amount and reduces the calculation complexity. In the method, the base function library is constructed based on the transmission end base function, the propagation base function and the receiving end peripheral environment base function; when determining the base functions corresponding to different scenes, the influence of the characteristics in the wireless signal transmission process in each scene on the path loss and the influence of the characteristics of the peripheral environment of the receiving end in each scene on the path loss are considered, so that the path loss caused by the shielding of the wireless signal in the transmission process can be better represented. Compared with the experience-based model which only considers a small number of fixed influence factors in free space transmission, the accuracy of the path loss calculation can be improved.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the method further comprises: performing a first mathematical operation on each base function in the first base function library to obtain a second base function library, the first base function library comprising the transmission end base function, the propagation base function and the receiving end peripheral environment base function; performing a second mathematical operation on each base function in the second base function library to obtain a third base function library; and performing normalization processing or standardization processing on the first base function library to the third base function library to obtain the base function library. This embodiment can expand the base functions in the first base function library, so that the formed base function library is a high-dimensional base function library, thereby making the base functions included in the base function library more comprehensive.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, for each scene in the scene library, the base function that has the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene is obtained from the base function library based on a screening rule;

[0011] The screening rule is to increase the λ in the formula by an increasing amount of punishment, until the number of base functions with non-zero coefficients in the formula ||ε||0 is less than or equal to a first threshold value, and the N base functions are determined based on the ||ε||0 base functions with non-zero coefficients in the formula;

[0012] The formula is:

[0013] Loss function=argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε||0];

[0014] Wherein, ε is a base function in the base function library, θε is the path loss data of the scene determined by using the base functions in the base function library, y is the measured data of the path loss of the scene, ||ε||0 represents the L0 norm of ε, and argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε||0] is used to determine θ, ε and ||ε||0 that make (θε-y)+λ||ε||0 minimum. This embodiment can screen the base functions with non-zero coefficients in the formula from the base function library, so that the path loss calculation device can determine the base function that has the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss based on the base functions with non-zero coefficients.

[0015] In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and ||ε||0 equals N. In this embodiment, the path loss calculation device can directly use the basis functions with non-zero coefficients determined based on the screening rule as the basis functions corresponding to each scene.

[0016] In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are obtained by removing M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and N equals ||ε||0 minus M, where M is an integer. The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the basis functions other than the M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the measured path loss data belongs to the first error range. In this embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene are determined not only by the path loss calculation device based on the screening rule, but also by the user based on experience by removing the basis functions with less impact on the path loss from the basis functions with non-zero coefficients. This can make the accuracy of calculating the path loss data relatively higher.

[0017] In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and P basis functions from the basis functions other than the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the added basis function library, where P is an integer. The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the P basis functions and the measured path loss data belongs to the first error range.

[0018] In this embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene are determined not only by the computer based on the screening rule, but also by the user based on experience by adding the basis functions with greater impact on the path loss from the basis functions other than the basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the basis function library. This can make the accuracy of calculating the path loss data relatively higher.

[0019] In an alternative embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include the basis functions other than the M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the P basis functions from the basis functions other than the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the added basis function library, where M is an integer and P is an integer. The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the basis functions other than the M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the P basis functions and the measured path loss data belongs to the first error range.

[0020] In this implementation, the N basis functions corresponding to each scenario are not only determined by the computer based on the filtering rules, but also by the user based on experience to remove basis functions with small impact on path loss from the basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and to add basis functions with large impact on path loss from the basis functions other than the basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the basis function library. This makes the accuracy of the path loss data calculation relatively higher.

[0021] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a path loss calculation device, the beneficial effects of which are described in the first aspect and will not be repeated here. The path loss calculation device has the function of implementing the behavior in the method example of the first aspect described above. The function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-described function.

[0022] In one possible design, the path loss calculation device includes: a selection module, used to select the scene to which the simulation area belongs from a scene library based on the scene characteristics of the simulation area, wherein each scene in the scene library corresponds to N basis functions;

[0023] The N basis functions corresponding to each scenario are the basis functions in the basis function library that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the path loss calculation results for that scenario. The basis function library is constructed based on the transmitter basis functions, propagation basis functions, and receiver surrounding environment basis functions. The transmitter basis functions are used to characterize the impact of the transmitter's engineering parameters on the path loss. The propagation basis functions are used to characterize the impact of the relative position of the transmitter and the electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss. The receiver surrounding environment basis functions are used to characterize the impact of the receiver's location and environmental characteristics on the path loss.

[0024] The acquisition module is used to obtain path loss data of the simulation area based on the N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs, where N is a positive integer.

[0025] These modules can perform the corresponding functions in the method examples in the first aspect above. Please refer to the detailed description in the method examples for details, which will not be repeated here.

[0026] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a path loss calculation device, including a transceiver, a memory, and a processor;

[0027] A transceiver for sending or receiving data; a memory for storing instructions or computer programs; and a processor for executing the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory to cause the path loss calculation device to perform the method described in the first aspect.

[0028] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method of the first aspect.

[0029] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip or a chip system, which comprises at least one processor and an interface, the interface and the at least one processor are interconnected through a line, and the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instructions to perform the method of the first aspect.

[0030] The interface in the chip can be an input / output interface, a pin, or a circuit, etc.

[0031] The chip system in the above aspect can be a system on chip (SOC), or a baseband chip, etc. The baseband chip can comprise a processor, a channel encoder, a digital signal processor, a modem, and an interface module, etc.

[0032] In a possible implementation, the chip or the chip system described above in the present application further comprises at least one memory, and the at least one memory stores instructions. The memory can be a storage unit inside the chip, such as a register, a cache, etc., or a storage unit of the chip (such as a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.).

[0033] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program or a computer program product, which comprises computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed on a computer, the computer performs the method of the first aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of a wireless network scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of a deterministic model;

[0036] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a path loss calculation method 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an area where a receiving end is located provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 4 is a curve diagram of a base function coefficient-penalty term provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of constructing a path loss calculation model provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 5b is a schematic diagram of a simulation prediction provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary path loss calculation scheme provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 7 is a structural diagram of a path loss calculation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 8 is a structural diagram of another path loss calculation device provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0045] The embodiments of the present application provide a path loss calculation method, which can reduce the calculation complexity of path loss calculation. The path loss calculation method can be executed by a path loss calculation device.

[0046] The path loss calculation device includes but is not limited to a terminal or a server. The terminal can also be referred to as a user equipment (UE), an access terminal, a user unit, a user station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a user agent or a user device, and can be applied to 4G, 5G or even 6G systems. The terminal can be a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with wireless transceiver function, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in smart city, a wireless terminal in smart home, an RSU of the foregoing wireless terminal types, etc. The server can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster or a distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server providing cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDNs, and basic cloud computing services such as big data and artificial intelligence platforms.

[0047] The path loss calculation method can be applied to outdoor wireless network simulation. Please refer to Figure 1a , Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of a wireless network scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application. The scenario can include but is not limited to one network device and one terminal device. Figure 1aThe number and form of devices shown are used for example and do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application, and in actual application, two or more network devices and two or more terminal devices can be included. Figure 1a A network device and a plurality of terminal devices are taken as examples for illustration. Among them, Figure 1a The network device in the network device is taken as an example, and the terminal device is taken as a mobile phone. Optionally, Figure 1a The network device in the network device can be a device with wireless transceiver function or can be set in the chip of the device. The network device includes but is not limited to: 5G base station gNB, network device controller (base station controller, BSC), network device transceiver station (base transceiver station, BTS), baseband unit (baseband unit, BBU) and the like, and can also be a network device in the LTE system, a network device in the NR system, and even a device used in the 6G system, etc. Figure 1a The terminal device in the network device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (virtual reality, VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (augmented reality, AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self driving, a wireless terminal in smart city, etc.

[0048] Figure 1a In the wireless network scenario shown, there is path loss (PL) (also referred to as path loss) between the network device and the terminal device when transmitting wireless signals. The path loss can be caused by the transmission medium, or can be caused by the existence of objects (such as trees, buildings, etc.) that block wireless signals between the network device and the terminal device, or can be caused by the geographical location of the network device and the terminal device or the relative position between the two, etc.

[0049] The device for calculating path loss can determine the path loss between the network device and the terminal device when transmitting wireless signals based on a deterministic model (also referred to as a ray tracing model). Specifically, the device for calculating path loss can simulate the wireless signals transmitted between the network device and the terminal device through a plurality of rays. Among them, the plurality of rays can be simulated to propagate according to the principles of geometric optics, uniform diffraction theory, etc. electromagnetic wave physical propagation; then track the path of each ray; then calculate the power loss of each ray and combine, based on which the path loss of the wireless signals transmitted between the network device and the terminal device is determined.

[0050] For example, in combination with Figure 1bAs shown, the network device (transmitting point) sending wireless signals is located on the roof of the building, and the terminal device 1 (receiving point 1) and the terminal device 2 (receiving point 2) receiving wireless signals are located in different vehicles respectively. The wireless signal transmission between the transmitting point and the receiving point 1 is line-of-sight transmission, and the wireless signal transmission between the transmitting point and the receiving point 2 is non-line-of-sight transmission. Figure 1b In the figure, the path through which the ray emitted by the transmitting point to the receiving point 1 passes includes path 1 (direct path), path 2 (diffraction path), path 3 (reflection path) and path 4 (reflection path). The path through which the ray emitted by the transmitting point to the receiving point 2 passes includes path 5 (diffraction path), path 6 (reflection path) and path 7 (diffraction path).

[0051] The way of calculating path loss by using the deterministic model can more accurately calculate the path loss of wireless signals in actual environment transmission. However, this method needs to perform three-dimensional (3D) space search and ray multi-path calculation, which greatly increases the calculation amount. Especially in large-scale networking scenarios, the calculation amount is large, which limits the performance specifications of the device, and requires high computing power and high storage space for the device used to calculate the path loss.

[0052] Embodiments of the present application provide a path loss calculation method, in which a path loss calculation device can obtain path loss data of a simulation region according to N basis functions corresponding to a scene to which the simulation region belongs. The N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation region belongs are the basis functions in a basis function library that have the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation results of path loss. The basis function library is constructed based on transmitting end basis functions, propagation basis functions and receiving end surrounding environment basis functions. It can be seen that the influence of environmental factors on path loss in the propagation process is considered in the path loss calculation method, so that the accuracy of the obtained path loss data of the simulation region is higher, and complex reflection, diffraction and other calculations are avoided, which can reduce the calculation complexity.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a flowchart of a path loss calculation method 100 provided by embodiments of the present application, which can be executed by a path loss calculation device. The path loss calculation method 100 includes the following steps:

[0054] S101, the path loss calculation device selects a scene to which a simulation region belongs from a scene library according to the scene characteristics of the simulation region. Each scene in the scene library corresponds to N basis functions. The N basis functions corresponding to each scene are the basis functions in a basis function library that have the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation results of path loss of the scene. N is a positive integer.

[0055] The base function library is constructed based on a transmitting end base function, a propagation base function, and a receiving end peripheral environment base function. The transmitting end base function is used to represent the influence of the engineering parameters of the transmitting end on the path loss. For example, the transmitting end base function can be a base function related to the operating frequency of the transmitting end, a base function related to the transmitting antenna, a base function related to the geographic location where the transmitting end is located, and the like. The propagation base function is used to represent the influence of the relative positions of the transmitting end and the receiving end and the electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss. For example, the propagation base function can be the distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end, the horizontal Manhattan distance, the relative altitude difference between the transmitting end and the receiving end, and the like. The propagation base function can also be a base function related to the shielding condition of the electromagnetic wave, for example, the propagation base function can be a base function representing the degree of shielding of the electromagnetic wave by buildings or trees. In addition, the propagation base function can also be a base function related to the diffraction or reflection phenomenon generated in the electromagnetic wave propagation process.

[0056] The receiving end peripheral environment base function is used to represent the influence of the area where the receiving end is located and the environmental features on the path loss. For example, the receiving end peripheral environment base function can be the height and undulation of the buildings around the receiving end. Optionally, the area where the receiving end is located can be determined based on the position of the receiving end in the digital map. Specifically, the digital map is divided in the form of a grid, and the size of the grid is determined according to the accuracy of the digital map; a square area with the grid where the receiving end is located as the center is taken as the area where the receiving end is located. Then, the receiving end peripheral environment base function can be the height and undulation of the buildings located in the area where the receiving end is located. In addition, the receiving end peripheral environment base function can also be a base function representing the grid point openness, which is the proportion of the area where the receiving end is located to the area excluding the area where the receiving end is located and the areas where other objects (such as buildings, trees, and the like) are located in the area where the receiving end is located.

[0057] For example, in combination with Figure 3 , the area where the receiving end is located is a square area with the grid where the receiving end is located as the center, and the length and the width both include 11 grids (i.e., the area included in the black square in Figure 3 ). Figure 3 In , the area where the receiving end is located includes a building in addition to the receiving end device, and then the grid point openness corresponding to the receiving end is: the ratio of the number of grids excluding the building and the grid where the receiving end is located in the black square to the number of grids included in the black square, i.e., 58÷121≈0.479.

[0058] The base function in the embodiments of the present application can represent the features that may have an influence on the path loss, and therefore the base function can also be referred to as a feature, and the base function library can also be referred to as a feature library.

[0059] In an alternative embodiment, the path loss calculation method can further comprise a basis function expansion process, which can comprise: the path loss calculation device performing a first mathematical operation on each basis function in a first basis function library to obtain a second basis function library, the first basis function library comprising a transmission end basis function, a propagation basis function and a receiving end peripheral environment basis function; and performing a second mathematical operation on each basis function in the second basis function library to obtain a third basis function library. Expanding the basis functions in the first basis function library can make the basis function library formed a high-dimensional basis function library, so that the basis function library includes more comprehensive basis functions.

[0060] Alternatively, the first mathematical operation and the second mathematical operation can be one or more of the following: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, power operation, exponential operation or logarithmic operation, etc. The logarithmic operation can be a logarithmic operation with base 10. The multiplication operation can be a polynomial augmentation operation. The polynomial augmentation operation on the basis functions in the second basis function library is to multiply a plurality of basis functions (which can be repeated) in all basis functions included in the second basis function library, and the result is taken as a new basis function and added to the third basis function library. For example, the binomial augmentation operation on the basis functions in the second basis function library is to multiply two basis functions (which can be repeated) in the second basis function library by multiplication, and the result is taken as a new basis function and added to the third basis function library.

[0061] Specifically, if the second mathematical operation is an H-order polynomial augmentation operation, the path loss calculation device can multiply k basis functions in the M basis functions included in the second basis function library to obtain T basis functions, k = 1, 2,..., H, H being a positive integer. The k basis functions can include the same basis function or different basis functions. The value of T can be determined according to the following formula (1):

[0062]

[0063] The number of mathematical operations performed by the path loss calculation device when expanding the basis functions is not limited.

[0064] In addition, after the path loss calculation device obtains the second basis function library and the third basis function library, the first basis function library to the third basis function library can be merged, and then normalized or standardized to obtain a basis function library. Alternatively, the normalization can be a normalization based on the mean and standard deviation. The basis functions in the basis function library obtained after the normalization based on the mean and standard deviation are subject to a distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.

[0065] Wherein, for the L basis functions (X1, X2,..., XL) included in the first basis function library to the third basis function library after merging, the path loss calculation device can perform a third mathematical operation on each basis function to obtain a basis function library, the third mathematical operation being different from the first mathematical operation and the second mathematical operation. Leach basis function X i each basis function X i is determined based on the following equation (2) :

[0066]

[0067] wherein, denotes the mean value of the L basis functions; denotes the standard deviation of the L basis functions.

[0068] For each basis function X L in the L basis functions (X1, X2,..., X i , the normalized basis function X i is determined based on the following equation (3) :

[0069]

[0070] wherein, min(X1, X2,..., X L ) is the minimum value in the L basis functions, and max(X1, X2,..., X L ) is the maximum value in the L basis functions.

[0071] Optionally, the first basis function library can further include a core basis function, which is determined according to a Fries transfer formula. The core basis function can be a logarithm of the distance between the transmitting point and the receiving point, a logarithm of the center frequency, a constant term, or a basis function for representing line-of-sight transmission or non-line-of-sight transmission. Wherein, if the transmission of the wireless signal belongs to line-of-sight transmission, the basis function for representing line-of-sight transmission or non-line-of-sight transmission can take a value of 1; if the transmission of the wireless signal belongs to non-line-of-sight transmission, the basis function for representing line-of-sight transmission or non-line-of-sight transmission can take a value of 0.

[0072] In an optional embodiment, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library can be determined based on a sparse optimization manner. Sparse optimization refers to converting an uncertainty problem into an optimization problem for calculation and processing under the premise of sparse representation. Wherein, sparse representation refers to expressing most or all original signals with a smaller existing combination of basic signals. The embodiments of the present application provide specific embodiments for determining the N basis functions corresponding to each scene based on the sparse optimization manner as follows:

[0073] Embodiment 1.1, for each scene in the scene library, the basis function that has the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene is obtained from the basis function library based on a screening rule;

[0074] The screening rule is to increase λ in the formula by increasing the penalty term λ until the number of basis functions with non-zero coefficients ||ε||0 in the formula is less than or equal to a first threshold value, and the N basis functions are determined based on the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the formula (4).

[0075] Loss function=argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε||0] (4)

[0076] Wherein, ε is a basis function in the basis function library, θε is path loss data of the scene determined by using the basis function in the basis function library, y is the measured path loss data of the scene, ||ε||0 represents the L0 norm of ε, and argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε||0] is used to determine θ, ε and ||ε||0 that make (θε-y)+λ||ε||0 minimum. The L0 norm refers to the number of non-zero elements.

[0077] Based on the above screening rule, a graph of the coefficient of the basis function-penalty term can be obtained as shown in Figure 4 In the graph, the horizontal coordinate represents the value of λ, the vertical coordinate represents the coefficient of the basis function, and each curve represents the trend of the coefficient of a basis function changing with the value of the penalty term λ. As can be seen from Figure 4 , as the value of λ increases, more and more coefficients of the basis functions will be set to 0. Based on Figure 4 , the number of basis functions with non-zero coefficients when λ takes different values can be obtained. For example, when λ is 3, there are 5 basis functions with non-zero coefficients; when λ is 4, there is only one basis function with non-zero coefficients.

[0078] In addition, based on technical experience, the above formula (4) can also be extended to formula (5):

[0079] Loss function=argmin[||θε-y||2+λ||ε||0] (5)

[0080] Wherein, ||θε-y||2 is the L2 norm of θε-y.

[0081] Optionally, the first threshold value can be a self-defined empirical value, or can be calculated by the path loss calculation device, which is not limited here.

[0082] In the embodiment 1.2, after the path loss calculation device determines the basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the scenario based on the above-mentioned screening rules, the path loss calculation method can further include: the path loss calculation device acquires the basis functions adjusted by the user. The adjusted basis functions can be adjusted based on a greedy algorithm. After the path loss calculation device acquires the adjusted basis functions, the path loss calculation device can calculate the difference between the obtained path loss data and the measured path loss data, and determine the influence of the adjusted basis functions on the path loss data based on the difference. If the difference between the obtained path loss data and the measured path loss data is smaller, it indicates that the influence of the adjusted basis functions on the path loss data is smaller.

[0083] Optionally, the adjusted basis functions can be determined based on a greedy algorithm in a forward screening mode and / or a backward screening mode.

[0084] When the adjusted basis functions are determined based on the forward screening mode, the path loss calculation device can acquire the basis functions removed by the user from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients. The removed basis functions can be the basis functions considered as unimportant by the user based on experience. Then, the path loss calculation device can determine the influence of the removed basis functions on the path loss based on the difference between the path loss data obtained from the other basis functions in the ||ε||0 basis functions except the removed basis functions and the measured path loss data, and show the influence of the removed basis functions on the path loss to the user. The user can determine whether to remove the basis functions based on the influence of the removed basis functions on the path loss and experience. The removal of the basis functions is stopped until the number of the remaining basis functions is less than or equal to the second threshold after the removal of part of the ||ε||0 basis functions.

[0085] For example, the user can retain the linear term basis functions in the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the quadratic term basis functions corresponding to the linear term basis functions, and attempt to remove the other quadratic term basis functions in the ||ε||0 basis functions. For example, the linear term basis functions in the ||ε||0 basis functions include the distance between the transceiver points and the center frequency, and the product of the distance between the transceiver points and the center frequency can also be retained. The product of the average building height and the building height variance can be removed.

[0086] Optionally, the second threshold can be a self-defined empirical value or can be calculated by the path loss calculation device, which is not limited here.

[0087] When the adjusted basis function is determined based on the backward screening manner, the path loss calculation device acquires a basis function added by the user from the basis functions in the basis function library other than the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and the added basis function can be a basis function artificially determined to be important. Then, the path loss calculation device can determine the influence of the added basis function on the path loss according to the difference between the path loss data obtained after adding the basis function and the measured path loss data, and show the influence of the added basis function on the path loss to the user. The user combines the influence of the added basis function on the path loss and experience to determine whether to add the basis function. Until the sum of ||ε||0 and the number of added basis functions is less than or equal to the third threshold value, the adding of the basis function is stopped.

[0088] Exemplarily, the logarithm of the distance between the transceiver points is a basis function artificially determined to be important, but does not belong to the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients. Therefore, the user can manually add the logarithm of the distance between the transceiver points as the basis function corresponding to the scene.

[0089] Optionally, the third threshold value can be a self-defined empirical value, or can be calculated by the path loss calculation device, which is not limited here.

[0090] Based on the above-mentioned screening manner of the basis function, the following several implementation manners exist for determining the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library:

[0091] Implementation manner 2.1: The N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are determined according to the screening rule. Therefore, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and ||ε||0 is equal to N.

[0092] Implementation manner 2.2: The N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are determined according to the screening rule and the forward screening manner. Therefore, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are obtained by removing M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and N is equal to ||ε||0 minus M, and M is an integer. Among them, the difference between the path loss data obtained based on the basis functions other than the M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the measured path loss data belongs to the first error range. Optionally, the first error range can be self-defined, or can be calculated by the path loss calculation device, which is not limited here.

[0093] In an embodiment 2.3, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are determined according to the screening rule and the backward screening manner. Then, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and P basis functions in the added basis function library other than the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, P being an integer. The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the P basis functions and the measured path loss data is within the first error range.

[0094] In an embodiment 2.4, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are determined according to the screening rule, the forward screening manner and the backward screening manner. Then, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include the basis functions other than the M basis functions in the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the P basis functions in the added basis function library other than the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, M being an integer and P being an integer. The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the basis functions other than the M basis functions in the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the P basis functions and the measured path loss data is within the first error range.

[0095] In an optional embodiment, the path loss calculation method can further include: the path loss calculation device performs fitting processing (model training) on the N basis functions corresponding to each scene and the measured path loss data to obtain the coefficients of each basis function in the N basis functions corresponding to the scene. Optionally, the fitting processing performed by the path loss calculation device can be linear fitting processing or Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) processing. In addition, as the number of scenes increases, the path loss calculation device can merge similar scenes according to the information such as building height, building density and electromagnetic wave frequency in the coverage range of the scene to establish a scene library. The path loss calculation model corresponding to each scene in the scene library is determined based on the N basis functions corresponding to the scene and the coefficients of each basis function in the N basis functions. For example, in actual application, different scenes such as dense urban area, suburb and forest can be fitted to obtain multiple models.

[0096] Based on the above embodiments of constructing the basis function library and determining the basis functions corresponding to each scene, Figure 5a An optional establishment process of the path loss calculation model corresponding to each scene in the scene library is shown. As shown in FIG. 2, the path loss calculation model corresponding to each scene in the scene library is determined based on the N basis functions corresponding to the scene and the coefficients of each basis function in the N basis functions. Figure 5aAs shown, the path loss calculation device can perform mathematical operations such as polynomial augmentation on the core base functions (including the logarithm of the center frequency logf, the logarithm of the distance of the transceiver point connection logd, the constant term 1, etc.) and the empirical base functions (including the grid point openness, the electromagnetic wave sheltered degree, the antenna height h of the transmitting end, etc.) to obtain a base function library. Among them, the empirical base function includes the transmitting end base function, the propagation base function and / or the receiving end surrounding environment base function, which is determined based on the characteristics extracted from the 3D digital map. Then, the path loss calculation device screens out the base function that has the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of each scene through sparse optimization (including screening based on screening rules and / or manual experience screening); and then combines the measured data (including path loss measured data) to perform regression fitting processing (including linear fitting processing or LightGBM processing, etc.), to obtain the path loss calculation model corresponding to each scene.

[0097] S102, the path loss calculation device obtains the path loss data of the simulation region according to the N base functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation region belongs.

[0098] Specifically, the path loss calculation device can obtain the level value corresponding to the simulation region according to the N base functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation region belongs and the coefficients of each base function in the N base functions; and then obtain the path loss data of the simulation region according to the level value and the transmission power of the transmitting end.

[0099] In an optional implementation, in step S101, the path loss calculation device can select one or more scenes to which the simulation region belongs from the scene library. If the path loss calculation device selects one scene to which the simulation region belongs, the path loss calculation device can perform the step of obtaining the path loss data of the simulation region according to the N base functions corresponding to the scene. If the path loss calculation device selects multiple scenes to which the simulation region belongs, the path loss calculation device can obtain the path loss data of the simulation region according to the N base functions corresponding to each scene in the multiple scenes.

[0100] For example, in combination with the simulation prediction process shown in the figure, the scenes in the scene library include dense urban area scenes, park scenes and forest scenes. The path loss calculation device can determine that the scene to which the simulation region belongs is the park scene and the forest scene according to the similarity between the scene characteristics of the simulation region and the scene characteristics of each scene in the scene library. Then, the path loss calculation device can determine the path loss data (simulation result) of the simulation region according to the path loss calculation model corresponding to the park scene (model 2, composed of the base functions corresponding to the park scene and the coefficients of each base function) and the path loss calculation model corresponding to the forest scene (model 3, composed of the base functions corresponding to the forest scene and the coefficients of each base function). Figure 5b The simulation prediction process shown in the figure, the scenes in the scene library include dense urban area scenes, park scenes and forest scenes. The path loss calculation device can determine that the scene to which the simulation region belongs is the park scene and the forest scene according to the similarity between the scene characteristics of the simulation region and the scene characteristics of each scene in the scene library. Then, the path loss calculation device can determine the path loss data (simulation result) of the simulation region according to the path loss calculation model corresponding to the park scene (model 2, composed of the base functions corresponding to the park scene and the coefficients of each base function) and the path loss calculation model corresponding to the forest scene (model 3, composed of the base functions corresponding to the forest scene and the coefficients of each base function).

[0101] In summary, in the path loss calculation method, the path loss calculation device can obtain the path loss data of the simulation area according to the N base functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs. The N base functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs are the base functions in the base function library that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation results of the path loss of the scene. The base function library is constructed based on the transmission end base function, the propagation base function, and the receiving end peripheral environment base function. It can be seen that the path loss calculation method avoids the complex multipath calculation in the deterministic model, and reduces the calculation complexity. Moreover, the selection of the base function and the training of the model in the path loss calculation method can be performed locally, and does not depend on online resources. Compared with the way of using online resources to perform multipath calculation in the deterministic model, the path loss calculation method can also reduce the memory occupation. In addition, it is found through verification that the time consumption for determining the path loss based on the path loss calculation method is lower than that of the deterministic model, and the path loss calculation method also improves the efficiency and performance of determining the path loss.

[0102] In addition, compared with the experience type model which only considers a small number of fixed influence factors in free space transmission, the path loss calculation method considers the influence of environmental factors on path loss in the actual propagation process. The characteristics in the propagation process and the characteristics of the environment around the receiving point are added in the base function library, which can better represent the influence of the shielding in the electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss. In this way, the selection of the key factors (the base functions that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation results of the path loss of the scene) from the base function library can discover the key factors that are easily ignored by people, so that the models corresponding to each scene trained have better expression ability and generalization ability, and the accuracy of calculating the path loss data of the simulation area is improved.

[0103] The experience type model is a linear regression model established by using existing data. The device for calculating the path loss determines the path loss according to three base functions, including the logarithm of the distance of the transceiver point connection line, the logarithm of the center frequency, and a constant term. In addition, the coefficients of each base function in the three base functions are determined by using measured data,

[0104] For the wireless signal transmitted in the urban macro cell (UMa), Table 1 lists the formula for calculating the path loss of the wireless signal when performing line-of-sight (Los) transmission, and the formula for calculating the path loss of the wireless signal when performing non-line-of-sight (NLos) transmission in the experience type model.

[0105] Table 1

[0106]

[0107] Among them, f C It is the center frequency, d 3D It is the distance between the sending and receiving points, σ SF It is the standard deviation of shadow fading, h BS It is the antenna height of the base station (BS) that transmits wireless signals, h. UT It is the antenna height of the user terminal (UT) receiving wireless signals, d' BP It is the breakpoint distance.

[0108] For example, the voltage levels at each receiving point in cities A, B, and C are calculated based on the path loss calculation method and empirical model described above. Each of cities A, B, and C includes multiple transmitting points (network devices) and multiple receiving points. Then, the compliance rates of each voltage level obtained through the path loss calculation method and the compliance rates of each voltage level obtained through the empirical model are calculated. If the difference between the calculated voltage level and the drive-test voltage level is within the voltage level error range, then the calculated voltage level is considered compliant. Table 2 shows the difference between the compliance rate obtained through the path loss calculation method and the compliance rate obtained through the empirical model for cities A, B, and C when the voltage level error ranges are [-6dB, 6dB] and [-8dB, 8dB], respectively.

[0109] Table 2

[0110] Level error range City A City B City C Average [-6dB, 6dB] 5.82％ 31.25％ 15.21％ 17.40％ [-8dB, 8dB] 7.27％ 26.37％ 15.51％ 16.44％

[0111] As can be seen from Table 2, the pass rate of the path loss calculation method provided by the embodiments of this application is significantly higher than that of the empirical model, and the overall improvement is 16.4%-17.4%. Therefore, this path loss calculation method improves the accuracy of path loss calculation compared to the empirical model.

[0112] based on Figure 2 The path loss calculation method 100 shown below provides an exemplary path loss calculation scheme. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating an exemplary path loss calculation scheme provided in an embodiment of this application. The path loss calculation scheme includes the following steps:

[0113] S201, The path loss calculation device performs a logarithmic operation with a base of 10 on each basis function in the first basis function library to obtain the second basis function library. The first basis function library includes transmitter basis functions, propagation basis functions, and receiver surrounding environment basis functions.

[0114] S202, the path loss calculation device performs polynomial augmentation operation on each base function in the second base function library to obtain a third base function library.

[0115] S203, the path loss calculation device merges the first base function library, the second base function library and the third base function library, and performs normalization processing or standardization processing to obtain a base function library.

[0116] S204, the path loss calculation device screens a plurality of base functions with non-zero coefficients from the base function library based on a screening rule for each scene in the scene library.

[0117] S205, the path loss calculation device obtains M base functions removed by the user from the plurality of base functions with non-zero coefficients, and P base functions added from the base functions in the base function library except the plurality of base functions with non-zero coefficients; the base functions in the plurality of base functions with non-zero coefficients except the M base functions and the added P base functions are used as N base functions corresponding to each scene; the N base functions corresponding to each scene are the base functions in the base function library that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene.

[0118] S206, the path loss calculation device performs fitting processing on the N base functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library and the path loss measured data to obtain the coefficient corresponding to each base function in the N base functions corresponding to the scene.

[0119] S207, the path loss calculation device selects a scene to which the simulation region belongs from the scene library according to the scene characteristics of the simulation region.

[0120] S208, the path loss calculation device obtains the path loss data of the simulation region according to the N base functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation region belongs and the coefficient corresponding to each base function.

[0121] It can be seen that the path loss calculation method considers the influence of environmental factors on path loss in the propagation process, so that the accuracy of the obtained path loss data of the simulation region is higher, and the complex multipath calculation is avoided, so that the calculation complexity is reduced. In addition, the screening of base functions and the training (fitting) of the model in the path loss calculation method can be performed locally, and does not depend on online resources. Compared with the way of using online resources to perform multipath calculation in the deterministic model, the memory occupation can also be reduced.

[0122] It can be understood that, in order to realize the functions in the above embodiments, the path loss calculation device comprises a hardware structure and / or a software module corresponding to each function. Those skilled in the art should easily realize that, in combination with the units and method steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed in the present application, the present application can be realized in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a certain function is realized in the form of hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application scenario and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0123] Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a path loss calculation device provided by the embodiments of the present application. The path loss calculation device 700 can be used to realize the functions of the path loss calculation device in the above method embodiments, and thus can also realize the beneficial effects possessed by the above method embodiments. The path loss calculation device 700 comprises a selection module 701 and an acquisition module 702.

[0124] The selection module 701 is configured to select a scene to which a simulation region belongs from a scene library according to a scene feature of the simulation region, each scene in the scene library corresponding to N base functions; the N base functions corresponding to each scene are the base functions in a base function library that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation results of the path loss of the scene; the base function library is constructed based on a transmission end base function, a propagation base function and a reception end peripheral environment base function, the transmission end base function being used to represent the influence of the engineering parameters of the transmission end on the path loss, the propagation base function being used to represent the influence of the relative positions of the transmission end and the reception end and the electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss, and the reception end peripheral environment base function being used to represent the influence of the region and the environmental features of the reception end on the path loss.

[0125] The acquisition module 702 is configured to acquire path loss data of the simulation region according to the N base functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation region belongs, N being a positive integer.

[0126] In an optional embodiment, the path loss calculation device 700 further comprises an operation module 703 and a processing module 704.

[0127] The operation module 703 is configured to perform a first mathematical operation on each base function in a first base function library to obtain a second base function library, the first base function library comprising a transmission end base function, a propagation base function and a reception end peripheral environment base function. The operation module 703 is further configured to perform a second mathematical operation on each base function in the second base function library to obtain a third base function library.

[0128] The processing module 704 is configured to perform normalization processing or standardization processing on the first base function library to the third base function library after merging to obtain a base function library.

[0129] In an optional implementation, for each scene in the scene library, the basis functions that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene are obtained from the basis function library based on a screening rule;

[0130] The screening rule is to increase λ in the formula in an increasing amount of the penalty term λ until the number of basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the formula ||ε||0 is less than or equal to a first threshold value, and the N basis functions are determined based on the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the formula;

[0131] The formula is:

[0132] Loss function=argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε||0];

[0133] Wherein, ε is a basis function in the basis function library, θε is path loss data of the scene determined by using the basis functions in the basis function library, y is measured data of the path loss of the scene, ||ε||0 represents the L0 norm of ε, and argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε||0] is used to determine θ, ε, and ||ε||0 that minimize (θε-y)+λ||ε||0.

[0134] In an optional implementation, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and ||ε||0 is equal to N.

[0135] In an optional implementation, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are obtained by removing M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and N is equal to ||ε||0 minus M, and M is an integer.

[0136] The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the basis functions other than the M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the measured data of the path loss belongs to the first error range.

[0137] In an optional implementation, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and P basis functions in the basis function library other than the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and P is an integer.

[0138] The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the P basis functions and the measured data of the path loss belongs to the first error range.

[0139] In an optional implementation, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include basis functions other than the M basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the ||ε||0 basis functions, and P basis functions in the added basis function library other than the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, M is an integer, and P is an integer.

[0140] The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the basis functions other than the M basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the ||ε||0 basis functions and the P basis functions and the measured path loss data belongs to the first error range.

[0141] For more details of the path loss calculation device 700, refer to the description of the method embodiments shown in the foregoing description, which will not be repeated here. Figure 2 The foregoing description of the method embodiments is shown in the foregoing description, which will not be repeated here.

[0142] Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 is a structural diagram of another path loss calculation device provided by the embodiments of the present application. The path loss calculation device 800 can be the path loss calculation device in the method embodiments described above, and thus can also achieve the beneficial effects of the method embodiments described above. The path loss calculation device 800 includes a transceiver 801, a memory 802, and a processor 803. The transceiver 801 is configured to send or receive data. The memory 802 is configured to store instructions or computer programs. The processor 803 is configured to execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory 802, so that the path loss calculation device 800 performs the following operations:

[0143] According to the scene characteristics of the simulation area, a scene to which the simulation area belongs is selected from a scene library, and N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are provided.

[0144] The N basis functions corresponding to each scene are the basis functions that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation results of the path loss of the scene in the basis function library. The basis function library is constructed based on a transmission end basis function, a propagation basis function, and a receiving end surrounding environment basis function. The transmission end basis function is used to represent the influence of the engineering parameters of the transmission end on the path loss. The propagation basis function is used to represent the influence of the relative positions of the transmission and reception ends and the electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss. The receiving end surrounding environment basis function is used to represent the influence of the area and environmental characteristics of the receiving end on the path loss.

[0145] According to the N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs, path loss data of the simulation area is obtained, and N is a positive integer.

[0146] In an alternative implementation, the processor 803 is further configured to execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory 802 to enable the path loss calculation device 800 to perform: performing a first mathematical operation on each base function in a first base function library to obtain a second base function library, the first base function library including a transmitting end base function, a propagation base function, and a receiving end peripheral environment base function; performing a second mathematical operation on each base function in the second base function library to obtain a third base function library; and performing normalization processing or standardization processing on the first base function library to the third base function library to obtain a base function library.

[0147] In an alternative implementation, for each scene in the scene library, the base function that has the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene is obtained from the base function library based on a screening rule.

[0148] The screening rule is to increase λ in the formula by a certain amount, until the number of base functions with non-zero coefficients in the formula ||ε||0 is less than or equal to a first threshold value, and the N base functions are determined based on the ||ε||0 base functions with non-zero coefficients in the formula.

[0149] The formula is:

[0150] Loss function=argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε||0];

[0151] wherein ε is a base function in the base function library, θε is path loss data of the scene determined using the base functions in the base function library, y is measured path loss data of the scene, ||ε||0 represents the L0 norm of ε, and argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε||0] is used to determine θ, ε, and ||ε||0 that minimize (θε-y)+λ||ε||0.

[0152] In an alternative implementation, the N base functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are the ||ε||0 base functions with non-zero coefficients, and ||ε||0 is equal to N.

[0153] In an alternative implementation, the N base functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are obtained by removing M base functions from the ||ε||0 base functions with non-zero coefficients, and N is equal to ||ε||0 minus M, where M is an integer.

[0154] The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the base functions other than the M base functions from the ||ε||0 base functions with non-zero coefficients and the measured path loss data is within a first error range.

[0155] In an optional implementation, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and P basis functions in the added basis function library other than the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, P being an integer;

[0156] The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the P basis functions and the measured path loss data is within the first error range.

[0157] In an optional implementation, the N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include basis functions other than the M basis functions among the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and P basis functions in the added basis function library other than the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, M being an integer, and P being an integer;

[0158] The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the basis functions other than the M basis functions among the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the P basis functions and the measured path loss data is within the first error range.

[0159] For more details about the path loss calculation device 800, refer to the description of the method embodiments shown in the foregoing description, which will not be repeated here. Figure 2

[0160] The embodiments of the present application provide a chip or a chip system, which includes at least one processor and an interface. The interface and the at least one processor are interconnected through a line. The at least one processor is configured to run a computer program or an instruction to execute the method of the first aspect.

[0161] The interface in the chip can be an input / output interface, a pin, or a circuit, etc.

[0162] The chip system in the above aspect can be a system on chip (SOC), or a baseband chip, etc. The baseband chip can include a processor, a channel encoder, a digital signal processor, a modem, and an interface module, etc.

[0163] In a possible implementation, the chip or the chip system described in the present application further includes at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions. The memory can be a storage unit inside the chip, such as a register, a cache, etc. Alternatively, the memory can be a storage unit of the chip, such as a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.

[0164] ​The embodiment of the present application provides a computer program or computer program product, which comprises computer instructions, when the computer instructions are run on a computer, the computer instructions make the computer execute the method in the first aspect.

[0165] It can be understood that the processor in the embodiment of the present application can be a central processing unit (CPU), and can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0166] The method steps in the embodiment of the present application can be realized in the form of hardware or by the processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and the software modules can be stored in a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an erasable programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, a register, a hard disk, a mobile hard disk, a CD-ROM or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor, so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and the storage medium can be located in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC can be located in a base station or a terminal. Of course, the processor and the storage medium can also exist as discrete components in the base station or the terminal.

[0167] In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer programs or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments are performed. The computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user equipment or other programmable apparatus. The computer programs or instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer programs or instructions can be transferred from one website site, computer, server or data center to another website site, computer, server or data center through wired or wireless manner. The computer readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center and the like integrated with one or more available media. The available media can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape; an optical medium, such as a digital video disc; and a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state disk. The computer readable storage medium can be a volatile or non-volatile storage medium, or can include both volatile and non-volatile storage media.

[0168] In various embodiments of the present application, the terms and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referred to each other if there is no special description and logical conflict, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0169] In the present application, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. The "and / or" describes the association relationship between the associated objects, which means that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the following three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the literal description of the present application, the character " / ", generally represents that the front and rear associated objects have an "or" relationship.

[0170] It can be understood that various numbers involved in the embodiments of the present application are only distinguished for convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The size of the serial number of the above processes does not mean the execution order, and the execution order of the processes should be determined according to its function and inherent logic.

Claims

1. A path loss calculation method, characterized by, The method comprises: According to the scene characteristics of the simulation area, a scene to which the simulation area belongs is selected from a scene library, each scene in the scene library corresponding to N basis functions; The N basis functions corresponding to each scene are the basis functions in a basis function library that have the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation results of the path loss of the scene, the basis function library being constructed based on a transmitting end basis function, a propagation basis function and a receiving end peripheral environment basis function, the transmitting end basis function being used to represent the influence of the engineering parameters of the transmitting end on the path loss, the propagation basis function being used to represent the influence of the relative positions of the transmitting end and the receiving end and the electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss, and the receiving end peripheral environment basis function being used to represent the influence of the area and the environmental characteristics of the receiving end on the path loss; According to the N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs, path loss data of the simulation area is obtained, N being a positive integer.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: First mathematical operations are performed on each basis function in a first basis function library to obtain a second basis function library, the first basis function library including the transmitting end basis function, the propagation basis function and the receiving end peripheral environment basis function; Second mathematical operations are performed on each basis function in the second basis function library to obtain a third basis function library, and after the first basis function library to the third basis function library are combined, normalization processing or standardization processing is performed to obtain the basis function library.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, For each scene in the scene library, the basis functions that have the greatest influence on the accuracy of the calculation results of the path loss of the scene are obtained by screening from a basis function library based on a screening rule; The screening rule is to increase the λ in an algorithm in an amount of a penalty term λ until the number of basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the algorithm ||ε||0 is less than or equal to a first threshold value, and the N basis functions are determined based on the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the algorithm; The algorithm is: Loss function=argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε||0]; Wherein, the ε is a basis function in the basis function library, the θε is path loss data of the scene determined by using the basis functions in the basis function library, the y is measured path loss data of the scene, the ||ε||0 represents the L0 norm of ε, and the argmin[(θε-y)+λ||ε||0] is used to determine θ, ε and ||ε||0 that make (θε-y)+λ||ε||0 the minimum.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and the ||ε||0 is equal to the N.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein, The N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are obtained by removing M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and the N is equal to the ||ε||0 minus the M, the M being an integer; The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the basis functions other than the M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the measured path loss data belongs to a first error range.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein, The N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and P basis functions added from the basis functions other than the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the basis function library, where P is an integer; The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the P basis functions and the measured path loss data is within a first error range.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein, The N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include basis functions other than M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients, and P basis functions added from the basis functions other than the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the basis function library, where M is an integer and P is an integer; The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the basis functions other than M basis functions from the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients and the P basis functions and the measured path loss data is within a first error range.

8. A path loss calculation apparatus characterized by comprising: The device comprises: A selection module configured to select a scene to which a simulation area belongs from a scene library according to a scene feature of the simulation area, wherein N basis functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are selected; The N basis functions corresponding to each scene are basis functions that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene in a basis function library, and the basis function library is constructed based on a transmitter basis function, a propagation basis function and a receiver peripheral environment basis function, wherein the transmitter basis function is used to represent the influence of the engineering parameters of the transmitter on the path loss, the propagation basis function is used to represent the influence of the relative positions of the transmitter and the receiver and the electromagnetic wave propagation process on the path loss, and the receiver peripheral environment basis function is used to represent the influence of the area and the environmental features of the receiver on the path loss; An acquisition module configured to acquire path loss data of the simulation area according to the N basis functions corresponding to the scene to which the simulation area belongs, wherein N is a positive integer.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The device further comprises: An operation module configured to perform a first mathematical operation on each basis function in a first basis function library to obtain a second basis function library, wherein the first basis function library includes the transmitter basis function, the propagation basis function and the receiver peripheral environment basis function; The operation module is further configured to perform a second mathematical operation on each basis function in the second basis function library to obtain a third basis function library; A processing module configured to perform normalization processing or standardization processing on the first basis function library to the third basis function library after merging, to obtain the basis function library.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 or 9, wherein, For each scene in the scene library, the basis functions that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the calculation result of the path loss of the scene are obtained based on a screening rule from a basis function library; The screening rule is to increase the λ in the formula by increasing the penalty term λ until the number of basis functions with non-zero coefficients ||ε||0 in the formula is less than or equal to a first threshold value, and the N basis functions are determined based on the ||ε||0 basis functions with non-zero coefficients in the formula; The formula is: Loss function = argmin[(θε-y) + λ||ε||0]; Wherein, the ε is the base function in the base function library, the θe is the path loss data of the scene determined by using the base function in the base function library, the y is the path loss measured data of the scene, the ||ε||0 indicates the L0 norm of ε, and the argmin[(θε-y) + λ||ε||0] is used for determining θ, ε and ||ε||0 that make (θε-y) + λ||ε||0 minimum.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein, The N base functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are the ||ε||0 base functions with the coefficients not being 0, and the ||ε||0 is equal to the N.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein, The N base functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library are obtained by removing M base functions from the ||ε||0 base functions with the coefficients not being 0, and the N is equal to the ||ε||0 minus the M, and the M is an integer. The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the base functions other than the M base functions in the ||ε||0 base functions with the coefficients not being 0 and the path loss measured data belongs to a first error range.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein, The N base functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include the ||ε||0 base functions with the coefficients not being 0 and P base functions added from the base functions other than the ||ε||0 base functions with the coefficients not being 0 in the base function library, and the P is an integer. The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the ||ε||0 base functions with the coefficients not being 0 and the P base functions and the path loss measured data belongs to a first error range.

14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein, The N base functions corresponding to each scene in the scene library include base functions other than M base functions in the ||ε||0 base functions with the coefficients not being 0 and P base functions added from the base functions other than the ||ε||0 base functions with the coefficients not being 0 in the base function library, the M is an integer, and the P is an integer. The difference between the path loss data obtained based on the base functions other than the M base functions in the ||ε||0 base functions with the coefficients not being 0 and the P base functions and the path loss measured data belongs to a first error range.

15. A path loss calculation apparatus, characterized by comprising: Comprise a transceiver, a memory and a processor; The transceiver is used for transmitting data or receiving data; The memory is used for storing instructions or computer programs; The processor is used for executing the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, so that the path loss calculation device executes the method in any one of claims 1 to 7.

16. A computer readable storage medium characterized by: A computer program for storing, when the computer program runs on a computer, makes the computer execute the method in any one of claims 1 to 7.

17. A computer program product, characterised in that, Computer instructions for storing, when the computer instructions run on a computer, makes the computer execute the method in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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