Through-type solar cell

Abstract

A kind of penetrating solar cell is disclosed, including light-transmissible region and non-light-transmissible region.Light-transmissible region includes substrate and first transparent conductive layer, photovoltaic cell layer, second transparent conductive layer, first metal layer, protective layer and second metal layer arranged on substrate in sequence.Wherein, second transparent conductive layer completely covers the upper surface of photovoltaic cell layer, and first metal layer partially covers the upper surface of second transparent conductive layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and more particularly to a transmissive solar cell. Background Technology

[0002] Solar cells are considered a green energy source because they do not generate pollution or safety issues in the process of converting light energy into electrical energy, and with the development of their technology, they can be installed according to different usage needs.

[0003] For example, common solar cells are typically designed to block light, thus providing excellent shading for the area where they are installed. However, when it is desirable to allow light to pass through the area where solar cells are installed, transmissive solar cells can be used to achieve this.

[0004] like Figure 1 As shown, the existing transmissive solar cell 100 has a light-transmitting area 110 and an opaque area 120 surrounding the light-transmitting area 110. The light-transmitting area 110 has a linear structure (as shown in area A) and provides light transmittance through a coverage area ratio of 1%-50%.

[0005] In detail, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the light-transmitting area 110 includes a substrate 111 and a first transparent conductive layer 112, a photovoltaic cell layer 113, a first metal layer 114, a protective layer 115, and a second metal layer 116 sequentially disposed on the substrate 111. The protective layer 115 covers the first transparent conductive layer 112, the photovoltaic cell layer 113, and the first metal layer 114, while the second metal layer 116 is disposed on and partially covers the protective layer 115.

[0006] The photovoltaic cell layer 113 can generate positrons and electrons during the photoelectric conversion process. The first metal layer 114 is used to conduct electrons out, the first transparent conductive layer 112 is used to conduct positrons out, and the second metal layer 116 is used to assist in the conduction of positrons or electrons.

[0007] In the above structure, since the first metal layer 114 and the second metal layer 116 are opaque metals, the first metal layer 114 and the second metal layer 116 are the factors that determine the "transmittance" of light, and the first metal layer 114, which has a larger coverage area, is the main factor, while the coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic cell layer 113 affects the "photovoltaic conversion efficiency".

[0008] In the photoelectric conversion process, since the photovoltaic cell layer 113 mainly conducts the negative electrons inside through the first metal layer 114, in the prior art, the first metal layer 114 needs to completely cover the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 113 so that the negative electrons excited by the photovoltaic cell layer 113 can be conducted to the first metal layer 114 above through the shortest straight path in order to achieve the best photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0009] If the first metal layer 114 only partially covers the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 113, then part of the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 113 will be exposed and in contact with the protective layer 115. When the photovoltaic cell layer 113 is excited, the negative electrons located in the exposed area cannot be conducted to the first metal layer 114 via the shortest straight path. Instead, they must travel through the interior of the photovoltaic cell layer 113 to the area covered by the first metal layer 114 before being transported to the first metal layer 114, resulting in a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency. On the other hand, the exposed upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 113 in contact with the protective layer 115 may also cause problems such as micro-leakage or contamination of the protective layer 115 by the photovoltaic cell layer 113.

[0010] In order for the transmissive solar cell 100 to have the best photoelectric conversion efficiency, the first metal layer 114 is required to completely cover the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 113. This results in the first metal layer 114 having an excessively large coverage area relative to the photovoltaic cell layer 113, which affects the light transmittance.

[0011] In other words, the transmissive solar cell 100 used in the prior art needs to make a trade-off between "transmittance" and "photovoltaic conversion efficiency": when the "transmittance" is high, the coverage area of ​​the first metal layer 114 and the photovoltaic cell layer 113 is small, so the "photovoltaic conversion efficiency" becomes low; when the "photovoltaic conversion efficiency" is high, the coverage area of ​​the first metal layer 114 and the photovoltaic cell layer 113 is large, so the "transmittance" becomes low.

[0012] Therefore, how to provide a transmissive solar cell that can improve photoelectric conversion efficiency while still having excellent transmittance is a problem that the industry urgently needs to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0013] This application provides a transmissive solar cell that can increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency by increasing the coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic cell layer, while still effectively reducing the coverage area of ​​the first metal layer to increase the light transmittance, thereby achieving the goal of balancing photoelectric conversion efficiency and transmittance.

[0014] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a transmissive solar cell comprising a light-transmitting region and a light-blocking region. The light-transmitting region includes a substrate, a first transparent conductive layer, a photovoltaic cell layer, a second transparent conductive layer, a first metal layer, a protective layer, and a second metal layer. The first transparent conductive layer, the photovoltaic cell layer, the second transparent conductive layer, and the first metal layer are sequentially disposed on the substrate. The protective layer is disposed on the substrate and covers the first transparent conductive layer, the photovoltaic cell layer, the second transparent conductive layer, and the first metal layer. The second metal layer is disposed on the protective layer. The second transparent conductive layer completely covers the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer, and the first metal layer partially covers the upper surface of the second transparent conductive layer.

[0015] In the transmissive solar cell of this application, the first transparent conductive layer has a first thickness, the photovoltaic cell layer has a second thickness, and the second transparent conductive layer has a third thickness, wherein the first thickness is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers (µm), the second thickness is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers, and the third thickness is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers.

[0016] In the transmissive solar cell of this application, the first metal layer has a fourth thickness, the protective layer has a fifth thickness, and the second metal layer has a sixth thickness, wherein the fourth thickness is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers, the fifth thickness is between 0.25 and 25 micrometers, and the sixth thickness is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers.

[0017] In the transmissive solar cell of this application, there is a first distance between the edge of the protective layer and the edge of the first transparent conductive layer, and the first distance is between 0 and 20 micrometers.

[0018] In the transmissive solar cell of this application, there is a second distance between the edge of the first transparent conductive layer and the edge of the photovoltaic cell layer, and the second distance is between 0 and 20 micrometers.

[0019] In the penetrating solar cell of this application, there is a third distance between the edge of the photovoltaic cell layer and the edge of the first metal layer, and the third distance is between 0 and 20 micrometers.

[0020] In the penetrating solar cell of this application, there is a fourth distance between the edge of the first metal layer and the edge of the second metal layer, and the fourth distance is between 0 and 20 micrometers.

[0021] In the penetrating solar cell of this application, there is a fifth distance between the upper surface of the protective layer and the upper surface of the first metal layer, and the fifth distance is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers.

[0022] In the transmissive solar cell of this application, the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer are indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO).

[0023] In the penetrating solar cell of this application, the first metal layer and the second metal layer are made of materials selected from aluminum, silver, copper, molybdenum or their oxides, and the protective layer is an organic material.

[0024] In this embodiment, a second transparent conductive layer is sandwiched between the photovoltaic cell layer and the first metal layer. After the negative electrons in the photovoltaic cell layer with a larger coverage area are excited, the negative electrons can be transferred through the second transparent conductive layer to the first metal layer with a smaller coverage area. This increases the coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic cell layer and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency, while effectively reducing the coverage area of ​​the first metal layer and improving the light transmittance. This achieves the goal of balancing photoelectric conversion efficiency and transmittance. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a conventional transmissive solar cell.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of the light-transmitting area of ​​a transmissive solar cell in region A.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the light-transmitting area of ​​a transmissive solar cell in region A.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the transmissive solar cell of this application.

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The top view of the light-transmitting area of ​​the translucent solar cell in region B.

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the light-transmitting area of ​​a transmissive solar cell in region B. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a transmissive solar cell 200 according to this application. The transmissive solar cell 200 of this application includes a light-transmitting area 210 and a light-blocking area 220, and the light-blocking area 220 is arranged around the light-transmitting area 210.

[0034] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A top view of the light-transmitting area of ​​the translucent solar cell in region B. Figure 6 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the light-transmitting area of ​​a transmissive solar cell in region B. (See image.) Figure 5 and Figure 6 The light-transmitting area 210 includes a substrate 211, a first transparent conductive layer 212, a photovoltaic cell layer 213, a second transparent conductive layer 214, a first metal layer 215, a protective layer 216, and a second metal layer 217. The first transparent conductive layer 212, photovoltaic cell layer 213, second transparent conductive layer 214, and first metal layer 215 are sequentially disposed on the substrate 211. The protective layer 216 is disposed on the substrate 211 and covers the first transparent conductive layer 212, photovoltaic cell layer 213, second transparent conductive layer 214, and first metal layer 215. The second metal layer 217 is disposed on the protective layer 216 and partially covers the protective layer 216. Specifically, the second transparent conductive layer 214 completely covers the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 213, and the first metal layer 215 partially covers the upper surface of the second transparent conductive layer 214.

[0035] By completely covering the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 213 with the second transparent conductive layer 214, during the photoelectric conversion process, the second transparent conductive layer 214 can serve as a negative electron conduction path between the photovoltaic cell layer 213 and the first metal layer 215. This allows negative electrons inside the photovoltaic cell layer 213 to directly enter the second transparent conductive layer 214 via the shortest straight path, and then be conducted to the first metal layer 215 through the second transparent conductive layer 214. Since the negative electron transport path does not need to pass through the interior of the photovoltaic cell layer 213, the low photoelectric conversion efficiency in the prior art can be avoided. Furthermore, because the second transparent conductive layer 214 completely covers the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 213, it further prevents contact between the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 213 and the protective layer 216, avoiding problems such as micro-leakage or contamination of the protective layer 216 by the photovoltaic cell layer 213.

[0036] like Figure 6As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the transmissive solar cell 200 of this application, the first transparent conductive layer 212 has a first thickness T1, the photovoltaic cell layer 213 has a second thickness T2, and the first thickness T1 is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers (µm), and the second thickness T2 is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers. The second transparent conductive layer 214 has a third thickness T3, the first metal layer 215 has a fourth thickness T4, and the third thickness T3 is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers, and the fourth thickness T4 is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers. The protective layer 216 has a fifth thickness T5, the second metal layer 217 has a sixth thickness T6, and the fifth thickness T5 is between 0.25 and 25 micrometers, and the sixth thickness T6 is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers.

[0037] It should be noted that, since the protective layer 216 is disposed on the substrate 211 and covers the first transparent conductive layer 212, the photovoltaic cell layer 213, the second transparent conductive layer 214, and the first metal layer 215, therefore, as Figure 6 As shown, the fifth thickness T5 of the protective layer 216 is measured from the lower surface of the protective layer 216 (i.e., the surface where the protective layer 216 contacts the upper surface of the substrate 211) to the upper surface of the protective layer 216 (i.e., the surface where the protective layer 216 contacts the lower surface of the second metal layer 217). In other words, there is a fifth distance D5 between the upper surface of the protective layer 216 and the upper surface of the first metal layer 215, and the fifth distance D5 is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers.

[0038] By limiting the thickness of the first transparent conductive layer 212, photovoltaic cell layer 213, second transparent conductive layer 214, first metal layer 215, protective layer 216 and second metal layer 217 as described above, the transmissive solar cell 200 of this application can have a thin overall thickness, so that it can be installed in different places as needed.

[0039] Please refer to it again. Figure 6 In another preferred embodiment of the transmissive solar cell 200 of this application, the edge of the protective layer 216 and the edge of the first transparent conductive layer 212 have a first distance D1, and the first distance D1 is between 0 and 20 micrometers; the edge of the first transparent conductive layer 212 and the edge of the photovoltaic cell layer 213 have a second distance D2, and the second distance D2 is between 0 and 20 micrometers; the edge of the photovoltaic cell layer 213 and the edge of the first metal layer 215 have a third distance D3, and the third distance D3 is between 0 and 20 micrometers; the edge of the first metal layer 215 and the edge of the second metal layer 217 have a fourth distance D4, and the fourth distance D4 is between 0 and 20 micrometers.

[0040] It should be noted that since the second transparent conductive layer 214 completely covers the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 213, the second distance D2 can also be regarded as the distance between the edge of the first transparent conductive layer 212 and the edge of the second transparent conductive layer 214, and the third distance D3 can also be regarded as the distance between the edge of the second transparent conductive layer 214 and the edge of the first metal layer 215.

[0041] By defining the distance as described above, the coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic cell layer 213 can be significantly maximized to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency, while the coverage area of ​​the first metal layer 215 can be minimized to improve light transmittance (e.g., Figure 5 As shown, the coverage area of ​​the first metal layer 215 in this application is significantly smaller than that of the first metal layer 215. Figure 2 The coverage area of ​​the first metal layer 114 in the prior art). In addition to serving as a path to assist in the conduction of negative electrons, the second transparent conductive layer 214 sandwiched between the photovoltaic cell layer 213 and the first metal layer 215 has a very slight impact on the overall transmittance of the transmissive solar cell 200 because it has extremely high transmittance (approximately 90%-98%).

[0042] For example, in this application, by reducing the coverage area of ​​the first metal layer and the second metal layer in the prior art, the coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic cell layer can be maintained without reducing the coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic cell layer when adding the second transparent conductive layer, thereby achieving the effect of maintaining photoelectric conversion efficiency and improving transmittance.

[0043] In the transmissive solar cell 200 of this application, the first transparent conductive layer 212 and the second transparent conductive layer 214 are preferably transparent metals such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or zinc aluminum oxide (AZO), and the first metal layer 215 and the second metal layer 217 are materials selected from aluminum, silver, copper, molybdenum or their oxides, while the protective layer 216 is an organic material, but this is not a limitation. In other words, other multilayer metals can also be selected as the first metal layer 215 or the second metal layer 217 according to different needs or considerations.

[0044] In summary, this application achieves a balance between photoelectric conversion efficiency and light transmittance by sandwiching a second transparent conductive layer 214 between the photovoltaic cell layer 213 and the first metal layer 215. This allows the negative electrons in the photovoltaic cell layer 213, which has a larger coverage area, to be excited and then transferred through the second transparent conductive layer 214, which completely covers the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 213, to the upper first metal layer 215, which has a smaller coverage area. This increases the coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic cell layer 213, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency, while simultaneously reducing the coverage area of ​​the first metal layer 215, thus improving light transmittance. Furthermore, because the second transparent conductive layer 214 itself has extremely high light transmittance, even with a large coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic cell layer 213 (as the second transparent conductive layer 214 needs to completely cover the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer 213), the second transparent conductive layer 214 will not affect the overall transmittance of the transmissive solar cell 200.

[0045] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0046] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A transmissive solar cell, characterized in that, Include: Translucent area; and An opaque area is provided surrounding the translucent area; The light-transmitting area includes: substrate; A first transparent conductive layer, a photovoltaic cell layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a first metal layer are sequentially disposed on the substrate; A protective layer is disposed on the substrate and covers the first transparent conductive layer, the photovoltaic cell layer, the second transparent conductive layer, and the first metal layer; and A second metal layer is disposed on the protective layer; The second transparent conductive layer completely covers the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer, preventing the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell layer from contacting the protective layer, and the first metal layer partially covers the upper surface of the second transparent conductive layer.

2. The transmissive solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first transparent conductive layer has a first thickness, the photovoltaic cell layer has a second thickness, the second transparent conductive layer has a third thickness, and the first thickness is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers (µm), the second thickness is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers, and the third thickness is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers.

3. The transmissive solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first metal layer has a fourth thickness, the protective layer has a fifth thickness, the second metal layer has a sixth thickness, and the fourth thickness is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers, the fifth thickness is between 0.25 and 25 micrometers, and the sixth thickness is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers.

4. The transmissive solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The edge of the protective layer and the edge of the first transparent conductive layer have a first distance, and the first distance is between 0 and 20 micrometers.

5. The transmissive solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, There is a second distance between the edge of the first transparent conductive layer and the edge of the photovoltaic cell layer, and the second distance is between 0 and 20 micrometers.

6. The transmissive solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, There is a third distance between the edge of the photovoltaic cell layer and the edge of the first metal layer, and the third distance is between 0 and 20 micrometers.

7. The transmissive solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, There is a fourth distance between the edge of the first metal layer and the edge of the second metal layer, and the fourth distance is between 0 and 20 micrometers.

8. The transmissive solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, There is a fifth distance between the upper surface of the protective layer and the upper surface of the first metal layer, and the fifth distance is between 0.05 and 5 micrometers.

9. The transmissive solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer are indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO).

10. The transmissive solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first metal layer and the second metal layer are made of materials selected from aluminum, silver, copper, molybdenum or their oxides, and the protective layer is an organic material.

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