Conical deep hole electrolytic machining device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a conical deep hole electrolytic machining device, comprising a connecting assembly and a conical cathode, wherein the first end of the connecting assembly is used to connect to a machine tool spindle, and the conical cathode is provided at the second end of the connecting assembly; the connecting assembly is provided with a first liquid inlet channel, and the conical cathode is provided with a second liquid inlet channel along its axial direction, the first end of the first liquid inlet channel is used to input electrolyte, the second end of the first liquid inlet channel is connected to the second liquid inlet channel, and the outer periphery of the conical cathode is provided with a plurality of liquid outlet holes, and the plurality of liquid outlet holes are respectively connected to the second liquid inlet channel. The conical deep hole electrolytic machining device provided by the present invention can use the first and second liquid inlet channels to introduce electrolyte into the interior of the conical cathode, and then allow the electrolyte to continuously flow out through the plurality of liquid outlet holes on the conical cathode and flush the electrolytic machining position, thereby fully replenishing the electrolyte in the machining gap and effectively solving the problem of insufficient electrolyte flow during conical deep hole machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic machining equipment, in particular to a conical deep hole electrolytic machining device. Background Art

[0002] It is often necessary to process tapered deep holes in aircraft engine parts. Due to the high hardness of the workpiece material, slender tools, poor rigidity, low strength, and difficulty in chip removal, mechanical processing often results in problems such as tool breakage, low tapered hole processing efficiency, and poor processing accuracy.

[0003] In this regard, electrolytic machining is a special processing technology for removing material from workpieces based on the principle of electrochemical anodic dissolution. During the processing, the cathode tool and the workpiece do not directly contact each other and no cutting stress is generated. The use of electrolytic machining can form a tapered deep hole in one step without the need for subsequent finishing steps. The processing efficiency is high and it has gradually been applied to the processing of tapered deep holes.

[0004] However, for the electrolytic machining of tapered deep holes, a pre-hole is generally first machined at the center line position of the deep hole to be machined as a flow channel for the electrolyte. The electrolyte flows into the pre-hole and then flows through the machining gap, taking away the electrolytic products and heat. However, the size of the pre-hole is limited by the diameter of the small end of the tapered deep hole (the pre-hole diameter must be smaller than the diameter of the small end of the tapered deep hole to prevent overcutting). Therefore, the caliber of the pre-hole is often relatively small, resulting in a small electrolyte flow rate. In addition, since the electrolyte flow in the tapered deep hole is relatively long, it is easy to cause local liquid shortage. As the machining depth increases, the machining area further increases. The small flow rate of electrolyte cannot flush the machining gap well, resulting in residual and accumulation of electrolytic products, and the small flow rate cannot apply back pressure at the outlet. The flow field in the machining gap is uneven, and local overcurrent and short circuit are very likely to occur, affecting the machining stability, thereby reducing the electrolytic machining speed and limiting the machining efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a conical deep hole electrolytic machining device to solve the technical problem that existing electrolytic machining equipment cannot efficiently machine conical deep holes.

[0006] A conical deep hole electrolytic machining device comprises a connecting assembly and a conical cathode, wherein the first end of the connecting assembly is used to connect to the main shaft of a machine tool, and the conical cathode is arranged at the second end of the connecting assembly.

[0007] The connecting assembly is provided with a first liquid inlet channel, and the conical cathode is provided with a second liquid inlet channel along its axial direction. The first end of the first liquid inlet channel is used to input electrolyte, and the second end of the first liquid inlet channel is connected to the second liquid inlet channel. The outer periphery of the conical cathode is provided with multiple liquid outlet holes, and the multiple liquid outlet holes are respectively connected to the second liquid inlet channel.

[0008] Preferably, the end of the liquid outlet hole away from the second liquid inlet channel is inclined toward the bottom surface of the conical cathode, so that the liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet hole is inclined toward the opening of the conical deep hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the conical cathode is provided with a plurality of liquid outlet hole groups spaced apart along the axial direction thereof, and the liquid outlet hole groups include a plurality of liquid outlet holes spaced apart along the circumference of the conical cathode.

[0010] Furthermore, the liquid outlet holes in two adjacent liquid outlet hole groups are staggered along the axial direction of the conical cathode.

[0011] Furthermore, the liquid outlet holes in the plurality of liquid outlet hole groups are arranged in a spiral shape along the axial direction of the conical cathode.

[0012] Preferably, the liquid outlet hole group near the vertex of the conical cathode is set as the first liquid outlet hole group, and the first liquid outlet hole group is spaced apart from the end of the second liquid inlet channel away from the first liquid inlet channel.

[0013] Preferably, the conical deep hole electrolytic machining device also includes a fixture, which includes a base for supporting the workpiece to be machined and a pressure plate for pressing the workpiece to be machined onto the base, the pressure plate is provided with a machining avoidance hole for the conical cathode to pass through, and a drainage hole is provided on the outer wall of the pressure plate, and the drainage hole is connected to the machining avoidance hole.

[0014] More preferably, the workpiece to be processed is provided with a pre-hole along the processing trajectory of the tapered deep hole, and the pre-hole penetrates the workpiece to be processed;

[0015] A third liquid inlet channel is provided on the base, a first end of the third liquid inlet channel is used for inputting electrolyte, and a second end of the third liquid inlet channel is connected to an end of the pre-hole away from the conical cathode.

[0016] Furthermore, the conical deep hole electrolytic machining device further comprises an insulating seat provided on a side of the pressing plate away from the base, and the insulating seat is provided with a guide hole for the conical cathode to pass through.

[0017] Furthermore, the connecting assembly includes a guide rod connected to the conical cathode, the guide rod is inserted into the guide hole and is used for guiding and sliding relative to the guide hole, and a sealing ring for abutting the guide rod is provided in the guide hole.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In the conical deep hole electrolytic machining device provided by the present invention, a first liquid inlet channel is provided in the connecting component, and a second liquid inlet channel is provided in the conical cathode. The first liquid inlet channel and the second liquid inlet channel can be used to introduce the electrolyte into the interior of the conical cathode, and then the electrolyte is continuously flowed out through the multiple liquid outlet holes on the outer periphery of the conical cathode to flush the electrolytic machining position, so as to fully replenish the electrolyte for the machining gap, effectively solve the problem of insufficient electrolyte flow during the electrolytic machining of conical deep holes, and can better take away the products and heat in the machining gap. At the same time, the large flow design can also apply a certain back pressure at the drainage hole, so that the flow field in the machining gap is more uniform, thereby improving the machining efficiency and machining accuracy of the conical deep hole.

[0020] In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a tapered deep hole electrolytic machining device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Reference diagram of the usage state of the conical cathode in the conical deep hole electrolytic machining device shown;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The three-dimensional diagram of the conical cathode in the conical deep hole electrochemical machining device is shown, and the dotted line indicates the internal structure.

[0025] Legend:

[0026] 1. Conical deep hole electrolytic machining device; 11. Connecting assembly; 111. First liquid inlet channel; 112. Spindle chuck; 113. Guide rod; 12. Conical cathode; 121. Second liquid inlet channel; 122. Liquid outlet; 13. Fixture; 131. Base; 1311. Third liquid inlet channel; 132. Press plate; 1321. Machining avoidance hole; 1322. Drain hole; 14. Insulating seat; 141. Guide hole; 15. Sealing ring; 2. Workpiece to be machined; 21. Conical deep hole; 22. Pre-hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered below.

[0028] Figures 1 to 3 The conical deep hole electrolytic machining device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown together, which is used to electrolytically machine a conical deep hole on a workpiece. The device can fully replenish the electrolyte during the electrolytic machining process, ensure that the electrolyte can evenly cover the machining position and flow quickly, ensure machining stability, and improve machining efficiency and machining accuracy.

[0029] Please combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 The conical deep hole electrolytic machining device 1 includes a connecting component 11 and a conical cathode 12. The first end of the connecting component 11 is used to connect to the machine spindle of the electrolytic machining machine, and the conical cathode 12 is arranged at the second end of the connecting component 11. The shape of the conical cathode 12 is adapted to the conical deep hole 21 to be machined.

[0030] Preferably, the connecting assembly 11 is provided with a first liquid inlet channel 111, and the conical cathode 12 is provided with a second liquid inlet channel 121 along its axial direction. The first end of the first liquid inlet channel 111 is used to input electrolyte, and the second end of the first liquid inlet channel 111 is connected to the second liquid inlet channel 121, so that the electrolyte is transported to the interior of the conical cathode 12 through the cooperation of the first liquid inlet channel 111 and the second liquid inlet channel 121. A plurality of liquid outlet holes 122 are arranged on the periphery of the conical cathode 12, and the plurality of liquid outlet holes 122 are respectively connected to the second liquid inlet channel 121.

[0031] The conical deep hole electrolytic machining device 1 is provided with a first liquid inlet channel 111 in the connecting component 11, and a second liquid inlet channel 121 in the conical cathode 12. The electrolyte can be introduced into the interior of the conical cathode 12 by utilizing the cooperation of the first liquid inlet channel 111 and the second liquid inlet channel 121, and then the electrolyte is continuously flowed out through the multiple liquid outlet holes 122 on the periphery of the conical cathode 12 to flush the electrolytic machining position, thereby fully replenishing the electrolyte for the machining gap, effectively solving the problem of insufficient electrolyte flow during electrolytic machining of the conical deep hole 21, and better removing the products and heat in the machining gap. At the same time, the large flow design can also apply a certain back pressure at the drainage hole, making the flow field in the machining gap more uniform, thereby improving the machining efficiency and machining accuracy of the conical deep hole 21.

[0032] like Figure 2As shown, the arrow in the accompanying drawings indicates the flow direction of the electrolyte, and the liquid outlet 122 is inclined toward the bottom surface of the conical cathode 12 (that is, the end of the conical cathode 12 away from its processing direction) away from the end of the second liquid inlet channel 121, so that the liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet 122 is inclined toward the opening of the conical deep hole 21, thereby providing a force along the drainage direction for the electrolyte in the processing gap, making the drainage smoother and avoiding the intersection of the electrolyte streamlines, thereby ensuring the flushing effect of the electrolyte, avoiding the residue and accumulation of electrolytic products, and replenishing the electrolyte through the liquid outlet 122 while ensuring the stability of the flow field.

[0033] Preferably, the angle between the outlet hole 122 and the sidewall of the conical cathode 12 is 30-60 degrees. Within this angle range, uniform flushing and smooth drainage are simultaneously ensured. When the angle between the outlet hole 122 and the sidewall of the conical cathode 12 is less than 30 degrees, the electrolyte will drain too quickly and will not fully cover the electrolytic machining area. When the angle between the outlet hole 122 and the sidewall of the conical cathode 12 is greater than 60 degrees, the electrolyte will be diverted in the drainage direction with less force, which can easily cause residual and accumulation of electrolytic products, affecting the electrolytic machining effect.

[0034] Please combine Figure 3 The conical cathode 12 is provided with a plurality of liquid discharge hole groups spaced apart along its axial direction. The liquid discharge hole group includes a plurality of liquid discharge holes 122 spaced apart along the circumference of the conical cathode 12. The electrolyte is replenished at different axial positions of the conical deep hole 21 through the plurality of liquid discharge hole groups, and multiple positions are flushed at the same time, thereby further improving the electrolytic machining effect.

[0035] Furthermore, the liquid outlet holes 122 in two adjacent liquid outlet hole groups are staggered along the axial direction of the conical cathode 12 to avoid the electrolyte from being concentrated on the same line in the conical deep hole 21, and to avoid the multiple notches (liquid outlet holes 122) on the conical cathode 12 from being concentrated along the processing direction of the conical cathode 12, so that the conical cathode 12 can be processed into a complete conical deep hole structure.

[0036] Furthermore, the corresponding liquid outlet holes 122 in the multiple liquid outlet hole groups are arranged in a spiral pattern along the axial direction of the conical cathode 12. That is, along the axial direction of the conical cathode 12, the liquid outlet holes 122 in each liquid outlet hole group are rotated by a certain angle relative to the liquid outlet holes 122 in the previous liquid outlet hole group along the circumference of the conical cathode 12. This structure enables the electrolyte output from the liquid outlet holes 122 in the multiple liquid outlet hole groups to merge and flow in a spiral pattern, allowing the electrolyte to evenly adhere to the wall of the conical deep hole 21, thereby increasing the flow path of the electrolyte and improving the flow rate of the electrolyte, effectively enhancing chip removal and heat dissipation.

[0037] Preferably, along the processing direction of the conical cathode 12, the aperture of the liquid outlet hole 122 increases successively, that is, the closer the liquid outlet hole 122 is to the apex position of the conical cathode 12, the larger the aperture, so as to more fully replenish the electrolyte at the apex position of the conical deep hole 21, so that more electrolyte flows along the apex position of the conical deep hole 21 to the bottom surface position of the conical deep hole 21, and fully flushes the processing gap.

[0038] Preferably, the liquid outlet hole group near the apex of the conical cathode 12 is set as the first liquid outlet hole group, and the first liquid outlet hole group and the end of the second liquid inlet channel 121 away from the first liquid inlet channel 111 are spaced apart, that is, the first liquid outlet hole group and the end of the second liquid inlet channel 121 are spaced apart, so as to form a buffer cavity between the first liquid outlet hole group and the end of the second liquid inlet channel 121 to ensure uniform liquid supply, avoid the first liquid outlet hole group being directly set at the end of the second liquid inlet channel 121, causing most of the electrolyte in the second liquid inlet channel 121 to flow out directly along the first liquid outlet hole group, and ensure that the electrolyte can flow out evenly from each liquid outlet hole group.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the conical deep hole electrolytic machining device 1 also includes a fixture 13, and the fixture 13 includes a base 131 and a pressure plate 132. The base 131 is provided with a receiving cavity adapted to the shape of the workpiece 2 to be processed and used to support and fix the workpiece 2 to be processed. The pressure plate 132 is detachably connected to the base 131, and the pressure plate 132 is used to press the workpiece 2 to be processed onto the base 131 to achieve clamping and fixation of the workpiece 2 to be processed.

[0040] Furthermore, the base 131 is used to be connected to the positive pole of the machining power supply so that the workpiece 2 to be machined is positively charged, and the connecting component 11 is used to be connected to the negative pole of the machining power supply so that the conical cathode 12 is negatively charged, so that an electrolytic reaction can be generated between the conical cathode 12 and the workpiece 2 to be machined.

[0041] Preferably, a processed avoidance hole 1321 is opened in the middle of the pressure plate 132 for the conical cathode 12 to pass through, and a drainage hole 1322 is opened on the outer wall of the pressure plate 132. The drainage hole 1322 is connected to the processed avoidance hole 1321. The electrolyte in the conical deep hole 21 flows to the opening of the conical deep hole 21 and can be discharged along the drainage hole 1322, thereby realizing continuous flow of the electrolyte.

[0042] More preferably, the workpiece 2 to be machined is provided with a pre-hole 22 along the machining trajectory of the tapered deep hole 21. The pre-hole 22 vertically penetrates the workpiece 2 to be machined, and the aperture of the pre-hole 22 is smaller than the minimum outer diameter of the tapered deep hole 21. A third liquid inlet channel 1311 is provided on the base 131. The first end of the third liquid inlet channel 1311 is used to input electrolyte, and the second end of the third liquid inlet channel 1311 is connected to the end of the pre-hole 22 away from the tapered cathode 12, so that electrolyte is continuously transported to the pre-hole 22 through the third liquid inlet channel 1311, so that the electrolyte in the pre-hole 22 and the electrolyte output from the liquid outlet 122 flush the electrolytic machining gap together, and the electrolyte in the machining gap is replenished from the apex of the tapered deep hole 21, further ensuring uniform coverage and stable flow of electrolyte.

[0043] Furthermore, the conical deep hole electrolytic processing device 1 also includes an insulating seat 14, which is arranged on a side of the pressure plate 132 away from the base 131. The insulating seat 14 is provided with a guide hole 141 for the conical cathode 12 to pass through. The processing direction of the conical cathode 12 is guided by the insulating seat 14 to improve the stability of the conical cathode 12.

[0044] Furthermore, the connecting assembly 11 includes a spindle chuck 112 and a guide rod 113. The spindle chuck 112 is used to connect to the spindle of the machine tool. The guide rod 113 is installed on the spindle chuck 112 along the processing direction of the conical cathode 12. The conical cathode 12 is provided at the end of the guide rod 113 away from the spindle chuck 112. The guide rod 113 is passed through the guide hole 141 and is used to guide and slide relative to the guide hole 141. A sealing ring 15 for abutting the guide rod 113 is provided in the guide hole 141. The close fit between the guide rod 113 and the guide hole 141 realizes the sealing of the processing gap relative to the outside world, avoids leakage of electrolyte, and improves the guiding accuracy of the guide rod 113 relative to the guide hole 141 to ensure processing accuracy.

[0045] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A conical deep hole electrolytic machining device, comprising a connecting assembly (11) and a conical cathode (12), wherein a first end of the connecting assembly (11) is used to connect to a machine tool spindle, and the conical cathode (12) is provided at a second end of the connecting assembly (11), characterized in that: The connecting assembly (11) is provided with a first liquid inlet channel (111), and the conical cathode (12) is provided with a second liquid inlet channel (121) along its axial direction; the first end of the first liquid inlet channel (111) is used for inputting electrolyte, and the second end of the first liquid inlet channel (111) is connected to the second liquid inlet channel (121); a plurality of liquid outlet holes (122) are arranged on the periphery of the conical cathode (12), and the plurality of liquid outlet holes (122) are respectively connected to the second liquid inlet channel (121); The shape of the conical cathode (12) is adapted to the conical deep hole (21) to be processed; The end of the liquid outlet hole (122) away from the second liquid inlet channel (121) is tilted toward the bottom surface of the conical cathode (12), so that the liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet hole (122) is tilted toward the opening of the conical deep hole (21); The conical cathode (12) is provided with a plurality of liquid discharge hole groups spaced apart along its axial direction, wherein the liquid discharge hole groups include a plurality of liquid discharge holes (122) spaced apart along the circumference of the conical cathode (12); The liquid outlet holes (122) in the plurality of liquid outlet hole groups are arranged in a spiral shape along the axial direction of the conical cathode (12).

2. The tapered deep hole electrolytic machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid outlet holes (122) in two adjacent liquid outlet hole groups are staggered along the axial direction of the conical cathode (12).

3. The tapered deep hole electrolytic machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid outlet hole group near the vertex of the conical cathode (12) is set as the first liquid outlet hole group, and the first liquid outlet hole group is spaced apart from the end of the second liquid inlet channel (121) away from the first liquid inlet channel (111).

4. The tapered deep hole electrolytic machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical deep hole electrolytic machining device further comprises a fixture (13), the fixture (13) comprising a base (131) for supporting a workpiece (2) to be machined and a pressing plate (132) for pressing the workpiece (2) to be machined onto the base (131), the pressing plate (132) being provided with a machining avoidance hole (1321) for the conical cathode (12) to pass through, a drainage hole (1322) being provided on an outer wall of the pressing plate (132), and the drainage hole (1322) being connected to the machining avoidance hole (1321).

5. The tapered deep hole electrolytic machining device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The workpiece (2) to be processed is provided with a pre-hole (22) along the processing trajectory of the tapered deep hole (21), and the pre-hole (22) penetrates the workpiece (2) to be processed; A third liquid inlet channel (1311) is provided on the base (131), a first end of the third liquid inlet channel (1311) is used for inputting electrolyte, and a second end of the third liquid inlet channel (1311) is connected to an end of the pre-hole (22) away from the conical cathode (12).

6. The tapered deep hole electrolytic machining device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The conical deep hole electrolytic machining device further comprises an insulating seat (14) provided on a side of the pressing plate (132) away from the base (131), wherein the insulating seat (14) is provided with a guide hole (141) for the conical cathode (12) to pass through.

7. The tapered deep hole electrolytic machining device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connecting assembly (11) includes a guide rod (113) connected to the conical cathode (12); the guide rod (113) is inserted into the guide hole (141) and is used for guiding and sliding relative to the guide hole (141); a sealing ring (15) is provided in the guide hole (141) for contacting the guide rod (113).

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