A cultivation method of Adonis amurensis

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for Adonis amurensis. By removing leaves and disinfecting the Adonis amurensis seedlings with the original soil, the soil environment around the roots of Adonis amurensis is ensured. Meanwhile, combined with appropriate irrigation, shading and stubble removal on the leaf surface, the survival rate of Adonis amurensis can be improved, the flowering period can be prolonged, and its ability to adapt to the soil and the external environment can be enhanced, providing a technical basis for the popularization and application of Adonis amurensis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for Adonis amurensis. Background Art

[0002] Perennial root flowers refer to perennial herbaceous plants that can survive for 2 years or more and bloom every year after maturity. Generally, perennial root flowers refer to flowers that can "hibernate", and in the following spring, the above-ground part can germinate, grow, bloom and produce seeds again. The advantage of this kind of flower is that it is easy to reproduce and manage. It can bloom for many years after being planted once, and it is a very suitable plant material for urban greening and beautification. There is less experience in cultivating wild perennial root flowers. In the prior art, Adonis amurensis is usually propagated by seed propagation or tissue culture. These two methods are relatively feasible and applicable at present, but they have the disadvantages of long cultivation period, high cost and large labor input. At the same time, due to the invasion of alien species, the destruction of using pesticides in human reclamation and farming, etc., Adonis amurensis is facing a crisis, and the number of Adonis amurensis is decreasing or disappearing year by year.

[0003] Adonis amurensis is one of the common wild perennial root flowers. The plant of Adonis amurensis is short, the flowering period is very early, the flowers are small and delicate, and it can also tolerate the climate environment of ice and cold in early spring. Its small golden-yellow flowers bloom breaking through the ice and snow, so it has the beautiful name of "snow lotus in the forest sea", and its aliases "ice flower" and "ice-breaking flower" come from this. Therefore, it also has other aliases such as "fulshoucao", "shuoricao" and "yuancaorao". At the same time, Adonis amurensis has the functions of strengthening the heart, diuretic, sedative and slowing down the heart rate. It can reduce the excitability of the nervous system and the hyperactivity of spinal reflex function, and is used for acute and chronic cardiac insufficiency, and has important medicinal value.

[0004] At present, Adonis amurensis mostly grows in the wild, without human interference and professional maintenance, and relies on the natural environment for growth and reproduction. The cultivation technology of Adonis amurensis is not perfect. The survival rate of Adonis amurensis obtained by using the cultivation method of conventional wild perennial root flowers is relatively low, the flowering period is short, and the environmental adaptability is poor. In order to better reproduce Adonis amurensis and realize the popularization and application of Adonis amurensis, it is very necessary to provide a cultivation method for Adonis amurensis. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for Adonis amurensis. By using the cultivation method provided by the present invention, the survival rate of Adonis amurensis can be improved, the flowering period of Adonis amurensis can be prolonged, and its ability to adapt to the soil and the external environment can be improved.

[0006] The present invention provides a cultivation method for Adonis amurensis, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] 1) Root disinfection treatment is carried out on the Adonis amurensis seedlings with the original soil, and at the same time, one-third of the leaves of the seedlings are removed to obtain the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted;

[0008] 2) After planting the Adonis seedlings to be planted in the plowed field, conduct the first irrigation;

[0009] 3) Conduct full shading treatment on the irrigated Adonis for 7 consecutive days, and conduct semi-shading treatment for one year after 7 days;

[0010] 4) Conduct foliar stubble treatment on Adonis in July to August every year.

[0011] Preferably, the Adonis seedlings in step 1) are the seedlings dug in the wild on the same day.

[0012] Preferably, the roots of the Adonis seedlings with original soil in step 1) need to be kept intact.

[0013] Preferably, the planting row spacing of the Adonis seedlings in step 1) is 10 cm, and the plant spacing is 10 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the first irrigation in step 2) is spray watering, micro-spray belt watering or furrow flooding irrigation.

[0015] Preferably, the semi-shading treatment in step 3) is shading from 15:00 every day to 9:00 am the next day.

[0016] Preferably, the cultivation method further includes: conducting the second irrigation on the seedbed after planting Adonis in June to August every year, and the frequency of the second irrigation is once every 4 days.

[0017] Preferably, during the cultivation process of Adonis, the weeds around Adonis are not cleared.

[0018] Preferably, the Adonis seedlings in step 1) are planted on the seedbed, and the width of the seedbed is 2 m, the length is 3 m, and the height is 20 cm.

[0019] Preferably, the Adonis seedlings with original soil in step 1) are 3-year-old Adonis seedlings, and the digging time is early April or mid-September.

[0020] Beneficial effects:

[0021] The cultivation method of Adonis in the present invention, by removing leaves and disinfecting the Adonis seedlings with original soil, ensures the soil environment around the Adonis roots and a lower transpiration state. At the same time, combined with appropriate irrigation, shading and foliar stubble treatment, it can improve the survival rate of Adonis, extend the flowering period of Adonis, and improve its ability to adapt to the soil and the external environment, providing a technical basis for the popularization and application of Adonis. Specific embodiments

[0022] The present invention provides a cultivation method for Adonis amurensis, comprising the following steps:

[0023] 1) Root disinfection treatment is carried out on Adonis amurensis seedlings with original soil, and at the same time, one-third of the leaves on the seedlings are removed to obtain the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted;

[0024] 2) After planting the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted in the plowed field, the first irrigation is carried out;

[0025] 3) The irrigated Adonis amurensis is subjected to full shading treatment for 7 consecutive days, and after 7 days, semi-shading treatment is carried out for one year;

[0026] 4) The Adonis amurensis is subjected to foliar stubble treatment in July to August every year.

[0027] Before carrying out the step 1) of the present invention, it is preferably further included to dig Adonis amurensis seedlings. The present invention preferably digs Adonis amurensis seedlings in the first ten days of April or in the middle of September every year, and more preferably in the middle of September; the Adonis amurensis seedlings during this time period have not yet flowered, and the survival rate is relatively high after digging and transplanting; in the first ten days of April, Adonis amurensis is in a semi-dormant period, and the nutrients in the roots have not been fully released; the light in September is weaker than that in June to August, and at the same time, Adonis amurensis is in a dormant period. These two time periods are the golden seasons for digging and transplanting Adonis amurensis, and the transplanting survival rate is relatively high. The present invention preferably digs Adonis amurensis seedlings with thick stems and large leaves that are 3 years old, and further more preferably digs Adonis amurensis seedlings with many rhizome branches and dormant buds on each rhizome segment. The present invention preferably digs Adonis amurensis seedlings in the wild, and the preferred locations for wild digging preferably include shady slopes and / or sunny slopes, and more preferably shady slopes or sunny slopes. When the present invention digs Adonis amurensis seedlings, the distance between the digging point and the roots of the Adonis amurensis seedlings is preferably ≥10 cm, and more preferably 10 cm; such a digging distance can ensure that the original soil does not scatter, and can preferably retain the complete root system of the Adonis amurensis seedlings.

[0028] After the above-mentioned excavation, the present invention disinfects the roots of the Adonis amurensis seedlings, and at the same time removes one-third of the leaves on the seedlings to obtain the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted. The present invention preferably disinfects the roots of the bare-root Adonis amurensis seedlings. The disinfection in the present invention is to eliminate pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs and pests in the soil. When the excavation site is far from the cultivation site and the Adonis amurensis seedlings need to be transported, the present invention preferably further includes packing the Adonis amurensis seedlings with the original soil. The present invention has no special limitation on the packing method, and the roots and the soil around the roots can be packed together by using the conventional packing methods in the art, as long as the original soil does not fall off. For example, any one or more of plastic wrap, plastic bags, tape and a transport box with ice can be used for packing. The original soil carried by the Adonis amurensis seedlings in the present invention can not only ensure that the plants are not easily damaged during the long-distance transportation in the packing link after excavation, protect the roots and preserve moisture, but also allow the plants to gradually adapt to the new planting soil environment including the pH value during the subsequent transplanting process, and promote the growth of the roots of Adonis amurensis. The present invention preferably further includes spraying a foliar transpiration inhibitor on the Adonis amurensis seedlings during long-distance transportation to avoid dehydration and death of the plants due to excessive water evaporation during transportation and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.

[0029] The medicament used for root disinfection treatment in the present invention preferably includes carbendazim. When using carbendazim for the above-mentioned disinfection treatment, the present invention preferably soaks the roots with carbendazim. The concentration of carbendazim is preferably 600-1000 PPM, more preferably 600 PPM; the soaking time is preferably 3 minutes. Removing one-third of the leaves of the Adonis amurensis seedlings with the original soil in the present invention can reduce the transpiration of the leaves, avoid the death of the seedlings due to excessive transpiration, and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings.

[0030] After obtaining the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted, the present invention plants the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted in the plowed field and then conducts the first irrigation. Before planting the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted in the plowed field, the present invention preferably further includes preparing the land. The present invention preferably uses loose, fertile and slightly acidic land to plant the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted. The land preparation in the present invention is preferably carried out correspondingly according to the planting method. The planting method preferably includes ridge planting or seedbed planting. When using ridge planting, the height of the ridge in the present invention is preferably 20 cm; the width is preferably 30 cm. The present invention has no special limitation on the length of the ridge, and it can be adjusted adaptively according to the length of the planting land. When using seedbed planting, the height of the seedbed in the present invention is preferably 20 cm; the width is preferably 2 m; the length is preferably 3 m. The land preparation in the present invention preferably further includes plowing the land, and the depth of plowing is preferably 25 cm.

[0031] After completing the preparation of the land, the present invention plants the Adonis seedlings to be planted in the plowed field. When carrying out the planting, the present invention preferably prepares planting pits, and the difference between the depth of the planting pits and the root length of the Adonis seedlings to be planted is preferably 0-3 cm; the diameter of the planting pits is preferably larger than the original soil diameter of the roots of the Adonis seedlings to be planted to ensure full contact between the roots and the soil and to be covered by the soil. The planting row spacing of the Adonis seedlings of the present invention is preferably 10 cm; the plant spacing is preferably 10 cm.

[0032] After planting the Adonis seedlings to be planted in the plowed field, the present invention conducts the first irrigation. The first irrigation of the present invention is preferably spray watering, watering with a micro-spray belt or furrow flooding. The method of the first irrigation of the present invention preferably varies slightly according to the planting method; when ridge planting is adopted, it is preferably to water with a micro-spray belt or furrow flooding to ensure that the roots of the Adonis flower fully absorb water; when seedbed planting is adopted, it is preferably to spray water to ensure that the Adonis flower evenly absorbs water. The present invention strictly prohibits the use of flood irrigation for the first irrigation to avoid affecting the growth and survival rate of the Adonis flower due to soil compaction.

[0033] After completing the first irrigation, the present invention conducts a continuous 7-day full shading treatment on the irrigated Adonis flower, and then conducts a semi-shading treatment for one year continuously. The continuous 7-day full shading treatment of the present invention is to imitate the natural environment of the Adonis flower and avoid the water loss phenomenon of the Adonis flower caused by strong light irradiation in the initial stage of cultivation. The specific process of the semi-shading treatment for one year continuously after 7 days varies slightly depending on the excavation location of the Adonis flower seedlings. When the Adonis flower seedlings are excavated from the shady slope in the wild, the semi-shading treatment of the present invention is preferably to shade from 5 pm to 9 am the next day to ensure that the soil humidity is 75%. When the Adonis flower seedlings are excavated from the sunny slope in the wild, the semi-shading treatment of the present invention is preferably to shade from 3-4 pm to 9 am the next day to ensure that the soil humidity is 60%. The semi-shading treatment for one year continuously after 7 days of the present invention is the domestication process after the cultivation of the Adonis flower, which can assist the Adonis flower to adapt to the above-ground and underground growth environments, promote root growth, and then play a role in supplementing its own nutrients. The present invention has no special limitation on the full shading and semi-shading methods, and conventional shading treatment methods in the art can be adopted, such as using a shading net with an appropriate thickness.

[0034] After completing the semi-shading treatment for one year continuously, the present invention preferably further includes removing the semi-shading treatment to enable the Adonis flower to grow under full sunlight, and then subsequent conventional water and fertilizer management can be carried out. The full sunlight growth of the present invention can play a role in hardening the seedlings and promote better growth of the Adonis flower. The full sunlight growth of the present invention is preferably to grow under natural light without additional light supplementation.

[0035] The cultivation method of the present invention further includes carrying out foliar stubble removal on Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde in July - August every year. The foliar stubble removal of the present invention can ensure that the nutrients in the roots do not flow away. The preferred stubble - removal height for the stubble removal treatment of the present invention is preferably 4 cm.

[0036] During the cultivation process of Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde of the present invention, it is preferred to clean the weeds in the seedbed; it is also preferred to use paper mulch to seal the weeds around Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde.

[0037] The cultivation method of the present invention preferably further includes carrying out water and fertilizer management on Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde.

[0038] The application method of the plant ash preferably includes strip application or hole application, and the depth is preferably 8 - 10 cm, more preferably 8 cm; after application, cover the soil. The present invention preferably mixes the plant ash with water and then applies it. The mass ratio of the plant ash to water is preferably 1:10; the soaking time after mixing the plant ash with water is preferably 24 h. The present invention has no special limitation on the source of the plant ash, which can be purchased conventionally or prepared by itself. When top - dressing in mid - July, the present invention preferably uses a ternary compound fertilizer for the water and fertilizer. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer is preferably 2:1:1; the dosage of the ternary compound fertilizer is preferably 50 catties per mu; the application method of the ternary compound fertilizer is preferably to dissolve it in water and then spray or flood - irrigate to promote full absorption of nutrients by the roots.

[0039] In addition to carrying out the first irrigation, when using a seedbed for planting, the cultivation method of the present invention preferably further includes irrigating the seedbed after planting Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde in June - August every year, and the irrigation frequency is once every 4 days. At the same time, the present invention preferably further includes irrigating Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde according to the weather and soil to ensure that the soil humidity value of Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde is between 65% - 80%, thereby avoiding inhibiting root growth due to too low humidity or root rot of Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde caused by too high humidity. The present invention preferably further includes carrying out freeze - proof water in late October to early November every year. The temperature for carrying out the freeze - proof water is preferably 3℃; the average low temperature in the 5 - cm soil layer is preferably 5℃, and at this time, the surface soil thaws during the day and freezes at night. The present invention has no special limitation on the irrigation amount of the freeze - proof water, and the conventional irrigation amount in the art can be used.

[0040] The present invention preferably further includes cleaning the plot where Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde is planted once in late October every year to ensure the normal germination of Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde in the next year and carry out subsequent annual cyclic growth.

[0041] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are used to describe the embodiments provided by the present invention in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A cultivation method of Adonis amurensis, which consists of the following steps:

[0044] 1) Collection, excavation and transportation of Adonis amurensis seedlings:

[0045] In mid-September, dig Adonis amurensis seedlings with thick and strong stems, large leaves and many rhizome branches in the sunny slope in the wild. The distance between the excavation point and the roots of the Adonis amurensis seedlings is 10 cm. After excavation, soak them in carbendazim at a concentration of 600 ppm for 3 minutes for root disinfection treatment. At the same time, remove one-third of the leaves of the seedlings to obtain the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted. Use a plastic bag to wrap the soil mass and roots, and finally wrap it with tape to ensure that the soil mass does not separate from the roots. After packing, transport them.

[0046] 2) Land ploughing and transplanting:

[0047] Select land with well-permeable and fertile decomposed soil. Plough the land to a depth of 35 cm, break up the soil clods and level the land with a rake to remove large soil blocks. Do not apply fertilizer before ploughing. Ridges are made on the ploughed land. The height of the ridge is 20 cm and the width is 30 cm. Dig planting pits on the ridges, with the depth the same as the length of the Adonis amurensis to be planted, with an error of 0-3 cm; the planting pits for Adonis amurensis must be large enough to ensure that the roots are fully covered by the soil. When transplanting, the original soil carried must be planted in the seedling pit together with the Adonis amurensis. The row spacing of Adonis amurensis is 10 cm and the plant spacing is 10 cm. After planting the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted in the ploughed field, use spray watering to irrigate the Adonis amurensis seedlings for the first time, and just soak them thoroughly.

[0048] 3) Domestication treatment:

[0049] After irrigation, use a shading shed to conduct continuous full shading treatment on the irrigated Adonis amurensis for 7 days, and then conduct semi-shading treatment continuously for one year. The semi-shading treatment is to shade from 4 pm to 9 am the next day, and ensure that the soil humidity is 60%.

[0050] 4) Seedling hardening treatment:

[0051] After completing the domestication treatment, in the second year, remove the shading net during seedling hardening and grow under full sunlight. Under full sunlight, Adonis amurensis conducts photosynthesis, which is beneficial to the synthesis of water, nutrients and carbon dioxide, promotes the growth of leaves and flowers, and makes the color more bright and vivid.

[0052] 5) Water and fertilizer management:

[0053] In July-August every year, conduct foliar stubble treatment on Adonis amurensis to ensure that the root nutrition does not flow away. And do not clean the weeds around Adonis amurensis during the planting process.

[0054] In mid-July every year, apply ternary compound fertilizer to Adonis amurensis. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer is 2:1:1; the application rate is 50 catties per mu; dissolve it in water and spray it.

[0055] Irrigate Adonis amurensis according to the weather and soil to ensure that the soil humidity value of Adonis amurensis is between 65% and 80%, so as to avoid inhibiting root growth due to too low humidity or root rot of Adonis amurensis caused by too high humidity.

[0056] Apply frozen water from late October to early November every year. The temperature for applying frozen water is generally 3°C; the average low temperature in the 5-cm soil layer is 5°C, and at this time the surface soil freezes during the day and thaws at night.

[0057] The survival rate of Adonis amurensis cultivated by using the cultivation method in the present invention is as high as 98%.

[0058] The frequency of fertilization and maintenance is reduced, the annual growth rate is fast, and the differentiation ability is strong. The roots are 0.1 - 0.2 cm thicker than the conventional roots, have strong adaptability to the soil and the outside world, are not afraid of the invasion of weeds; the flowering period is 4 - 6 days longer.

[0059] Control group 1

[0060] Plant Adonis amurensis with reference to the cultivation method of wild perennial flowers. It consists of two steps: seedling lifting and cultivation. The steps are as follows:

[0061] 1. Seedling lifting:

[0062] Irrigate 1 - 2 days before seedling lifting to ensure the soil is moist;

[0063] On April 20th, use a hand trowel to dig up the seedlings with soil attached, gently shake off the soil clods attached to the roots, and then cultivate immediately to prevent the fine roots from drying out and affecting survival;

[0064] The dug flower seedlings can be appropriately pruned, and a part of the leaves can be removed to reduce water evaporation.

[0065] 2. Cultivation:

[0066] Use the trench planting method for cultivation, the row spacing is 20 cm, and the depth is 18 cm;

[0067] Stretch the roots in the trench, cover the soil and compact it;

[0068] After planting, fully irrigate, and carry out full shading or semi-shading during the time period with sufficient sunlight. Remove the shading 7 - 14 days after cultivation and carry out natural light for recovery growth;

[0069] On May 15th, irrigate the roots with rooting nutrient solution, and the dilution ratio with water is 1:500. In early August, spray nitrogen fertilizer on the leaves, and the dilution ratio with water is 1:500 - 1000. In May of the second year, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the root cultivation land, and the fertilization amount is 9 kg / mu on average;

[0070] Perform weeding treatment in a timely manner.

[0071] The survival rate of the Adonis amurensis cultivated by using the cultivation method in the present invention is as high as 80%.

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] A cultivation method for Adonis amurensis consists of two steps: seedling lifting and cultivation. The steps are as follows:

[0074] 1. Seedling lifting:

[0075] Irrigate 1 - 2 days before seedling lifting to ensure the soil is moist;

[0076] On April 25th, for the transplanted seedlings with soil balls, first shovel around the seedlings, and then dig out the seedlings from the side and bottom to keep the complete soil ball, and the size of the soil ball is 10 cm × 10 cm.

[0077] The lifted flower seedlings can be appropriately pruned, and a part of the leaves can be removed to reduce water evaporation.

[0078] 2. Cultivation:

[0079] Use the hole - planting method for cultivation. The row spacing is 20, and the depth is 15;

[0080] Put the soil ball into the hole, fill the soil around the soil ball and slightly compact it, but do not compact the soil ball to avoid crushing the soil ball and affecting survival and recovery growth;

[0081] Other management conditions are the same as those in Comparative Example 1.

[0082] The survival rate of the Adonis amurensis cultivated by using the cultivation method in the present invention is as high as 80%.

[0083] Although the above - mentioned embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments according to these embodiments without creative work, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of Adonis amurensis, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: 1) Disinfect the roots of 3-year-old Adonis amurensis seedlings with the original soil, and at the same time remove one-third of the leaves of the seedlings to obtain the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted; the digging time of the 3-year-old Adonis amurensis seedlings with the original soil is in mid-September, and the digging location is the sunny slope in the wild; the roots of the 3-year-old Adonis amurensis seedlings with the original soil need to be kept intact; 2) After planting the Adonis amurensis seedlings to be planted in the plowed field, conduct the first irrigation; the planting method is ridge planting; the first irrigation is spraying water; 3) Conduct continuous full shading treatment on the irrigated Adonis amurensis for 7 days, and conduct semi-shading treatment continuously for one year after 7 days; after the semi-shading treatment ends, conduct full sunlight growth; The semi-shading treatment is from 15:00 every day to 9:00 the next morning; 4) Conduct foliar stubble removal treatment on Adonis amurensis in July-August every year; During the cultivation process of Adonis amurensis, do not clean the weeds around Adonis amurensis; The cultivation method also includes: irrigating the seedbed after planting Adonis amurensis in June-August every year, and the irrigation frequency is once every 4 days; Apply ternary compound fertilizer to Adonis amurensis in mid-July every year, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer is 2:1:1; the application rate is 50 catties per mu.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The Adonis amurensis seedlings in step 1) are the seedlings dug in the wild on the same day.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein, The planting row spacing of the Adonis amurensis seedlings in step 1) is 10 cm, and the plant spacing is 10 cm.