A method for rapid seedling cultivation of Trigonella foenum-graecum in arid regions

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for rapid seedling cultivation of *Trichoderma tetragonum* in arid regions, comprising the following steps: (1) using mature autumn seeds of *Trichoderma tetragonum* cultivated in Minqin County, Gansu Province as experimental seeds; (2) preparatory work before seedling cultivation: ① selection of nursery site; ② construction of a simple greenhouse; ③ preparation of seedbed: establishing seedbeds in the greenhouse and leveling the bottom; the specifications of the seedbed for open-field sowing are the same as those for container seedbeds; ④ preparation and disinfection of seedling containers and substrate; (3) seed cultivation; (4) preparation of *Trichoderma tetragonum* mineral compound fertilizer; (5) seedling management; (6) seedling transplanting. This invention features simple management, good seedling cultivation effect, strong adaptability, rapid growth, and a short seedling cycle. It can be widely applied to vegetation restoration and ecosystem reconstruction of degraded grasslands in arid desert areas. The implementation of this method can change the traditional afforestation concept in desert areas, which mainly relies on desert plants such as *Haloxylon ammodendron*, *Haloxylon mongholicum*, and *Caragana korshinskii*, opening up new research prospects for the rational utilization of *Trichoderma tetragonum* for desertification control in arid areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seedling cultivation technology for sand-fixing plants in arid desert areas that are drought-resistant, salt-alkali-resistant, and have excellent forage and medicinal properties (grafted Cistanche deserticola), and particularly to a method for rapid seedling cultivation of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds in arid areas. Background Technology

[0002] Desert plants are important resource plants in the arid northwest of my country, serving multiple purposes including windbreak and sand fixation, soil and water conservation, high-quality forage, and medicinal herbs. They play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of my country's arid desert regions and promoting ecological construction and economic development. However, with the continuous interference of global climate change and human activities, these important resource plants have gradually degenerated and died, and the rate of desertification is rapidly increasing. The increasing decline of desert plants and the difficulty of their rejuvenation and regeneration have attracted widespread attention from the academic community. The regeneration problem has gradually become a major factor restricting the realization of the ecological and economic benefits of desert plants. How to ensure the rejuvenation, regeneration, and succession of desert vegetation through effective artificial measures under limited rainfall has become extremely important. However, many desert xerophytes and halophytes in the arid northwest of my country have evolved various physiological and biochemical protection mechanisms to adapt to various abiotic stresses through long-term natural selection, exhibiting strong resistance and good adaptability to desert habitats.

[0003] Four-winged barn quinoa ( Atriplex canescens*Pursh.* Nutt. is a perennial C4 semi-evergreen shrub belonging to the genus *Pursh.* of the family Chenopodiaceae, native to the desert regions of western North America. As a typical halophyte, it possesses excellent characteristics such as strong salt and alkali tolerance, drought resistance, and high-temperature tolerance, and is widely used in the improvement of saline-alkali land and desertification control in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. Furthermore, *Pursh. four-winged* has a long green period, abundant foliage, and is rich in nutrients (leaves contain over 20% crude protein, branches contain over 10% crude protein). It is also a host plant for the valuable traditional Chinese medicine *Cistanche deserticola*, making it an excellent forage and economic crop in desert areas. In the late 1980s, trial plantings were conducted in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia in my country. Currently, grafting techniques between *Pursh. four-winged* and *Cistanche deserticola* have been successfully implemented in Minqin, Gansu, and Hotan, Xinjiang, and the ecological and economic benefits of introducing *Pursh. four-winged* into my country are gradually becoming apparent. However, due to limitations such as regional differences, limited understanding of its physiological and ecological adaptability, and a lack of scientific and effective management measures, the cultivation of *Trifolium repens* has not yet been widely promoted and applied. Furthermore, the lack of standardized seedling cultivation techniques for *Trifolium repens* leads to varying levels of mastery of these techniques among different promotion units and farmers, resulting in generally low levels of management skills in production practice. This severely inhibits the realization of the ecological and economic potential of *Trifolium repens* in arid desert areas. As an excellent plant species for the ecological restoration of degraded ecosystems in arid desert areas, no systematic research reports on seed and seedling cultivation techniques for *Trifolium repens* have been found to date. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for rapid seedling cultivation of Trichoderma tetragonum seeds in arid areas, which is simple to manage, has good seedling effect, strong adaptability, fast growth and short seedling cycle.

[0005] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a method for rapid seedling cultivation of *Trigonella foenum-graecum* seeds in arid regions, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Mature autumn-grown *Trigonella foenum-graecum* cultivated in Minqin County, Gansu Province, was used as the experimental seed.

[0007] (2) Preparations before seedling cultivation:

[0008] ① Nursery site selection: Select a site with convenient transportation, no pollution, irrigation conditions, and flat terrain, such as sandy loam, slightly saline-alkali soil or loam, as the nursery site.

[0009] ② Construction of simple greenhouse: Build an arched greenhouse facing south in a sunny, well-ventilated, and easily managed area. The size of the greenhouse depends on the scale of seedling cultivation. After construction, cover it with a 0.1 mm thick polyethylene film. Bury the bottom of the film in the soil around the greenhouse and tamp it down. Also, set up a fence around the greenhouse.

[0010] ③ Seedbed preparation: Set up seedbeds in the greenhouse and level the bottom of the bed; for container seedbeds, set up seedbeds that are 1.5 m wide and 5 m long, with the bed surface 15-20 cm lower than the walkway; after filling the seedbeds with sterilized substrate, place them closely together in order, and seal the gaps between the pots with fine soil; leave a walkway 30-40 cm wide between the seedbeds; the specifications of the open-field sowing seedbeds are the same as those of the container seedbeds. First, sterilize and kill insects in the soil with 1% carbendazim and methyl isothiocyanate, then apply 45 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 2 kg of humus, 0.25 kg of urea, 0.15 kg of superphosphate, and 0.15 kg of potassium sulfate. After deep plowing to a depth of 30 cm, level the bottom of the bed and remove impurities;

[0011] ④ Seedling containers, substrate preparation and disinfection:

[0012] Seedling containers should be biodegradable, non-toxic plastic containers such as nutrient pots;

[0013] By weight percentage, mix 30% sand, 55% loam, 10% well-rotted organic fertilizer and 5% humus evenly, or mix 45% sand, 45% loam, 8% humus and 2% long-acting compound fertilizer (APEX) evenly to prepare the seedling substrate.

[0014] Before raising seedlings, disinfect the substrate with a 2% ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4) solution at a mass ratio of 1:10;

[0015] (3) Seedling cultivation:

[0016] i. Selected test seeds: Remove the seed wings from the seeds and use distilled water to float the seeds to remove empty and damaged seeds. Dry them in a cool, ventilated place for later use.

[0017] ii. Seed disinfection and germination: Disinfect seeds with 75% alcohol for 3-4 minutes, rinse with distilled water 3-4 times; then soak seeds in 68%-72% concentrated H2SO4 at room temperature for 13.5-14.5 hours, rinse with distilled water 3-4 times, and wait for the seed sprouts to turn white before sowing.

[0018] iii. Seedling raising method:

[0019] Greenhouse seedling raising is best done in late March; use the hill sowing method, and for container seedling raising, sow 3 seeds per hill at a depth of 1.0-1.5 cm. -1 , 2 holes·basin -1 After sowing in holes, seal the sowing holes tightly with fine sand; for seedbed seeding, use a hole seeder to sow seeds at a depth of 1.0-1.5 cm, with a hole spacing of 8 cm × row spacing of 12 cm, and 2 seeds per hole. -1 The seeding rate is 25-28 kg per mu. -1 (375~420kg·ha) -1 The planting density is 12.2~12.5×10⁻⁶.4 Plants per mu -1 After sowing, seal the sowing holes with fine sand, press them down with a cylindrical device, and then immediately irrigate thoroughly.

[0020] iv. Seedbed mulching;

[0021] v. Humidity control and ventilation;

[0022] (4) Prepare four-winged quinoa mineral compound fertilizers according to the following formulas:

[0023] 0.4g.kg -1 KNO3+ 0.3g.kg -1 CaCl2+ 0.2 g·kg -1 MgCl2+ 0.4 g·kg -1 Na2SiO3;

[0024] 0.6g.kg -1 KNO3+ 0.2g.kg -1 CaCl2+ 0.2 g·kg -1 MgCl2+ 0.3 g·kg -1 Na2SiO3;

[0025] (5) Seedling management:

[0026] In mid-to-late May, after removing the greenhouse film, irrigation and fertilization were carried out before seedling cultivation and in mid-July, with fertilizer and soil weight ratios of 0.65g:1kg and 0.75g:1kg, respectively. The fertilizer was dissolved in water and used for irrigation. Watering was also carried out regularly according to soil moisture and seedling growth. The soil moisture content was then maintained at 30-35% of field capacity to allow the seedlings to adapt to drought resistance until the end of the growing season. Finally, in mid-October, the seedlings were coppiced once to a height of 50-55 cm.

[0027] (6) Seedlings leaving the nursery:

[0028] a. Timing of seedling removal: Container seedlings should be removed after 140-150 days of growth for autumn afforestation, or removed in early April of the following year for spring afforestation; bare-root seedlings in seedbeds should be removed in early April of the following year for spring afforestation.

[0029] b. Seedling removal method: For container seedlings, use a shovel to cut the roots outside the container to remove the seedlings and move them to a new location. After cutting the roots, water them thoroughly and remove them from the nursery after 1 week. For bare-root seedlings, water them once 4-5 days before removal and dig them up in the same row.

[0030] c. Transportation and temporary planting.

[0031] In step ④, the biodegradable and non-toxic plastic nutrient pot has a bottom diameter of 20 cm, a mouth diameter of 30 cm, a height of 60 cm, a wall thickness of 0.2 cm, and a drainage hole at the bottom.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0033] 1. This invention employs container and open-field sowing and seedling cultivation methods. Through observation of the growth habits and seed germination of *Ageratum tetrawingum* in different suitable growing areas (Alar and Hotan counties in Xinjiang, Minqin County in Wuwei City, Gansu, Xining City in Qinghai, Lhasa City in Tibet, etc.), field investigations were conducted in the introduction and transplanting areas of *Ageratum tetrawingum* to obtain the optimal experimental seeds, seedling substrate ratio selection, and seedling cultivation (sowing depth, sowing amount, method, water and fertilizer management, etc.), as well as the research and application of drought-resistant mineral nutrient fertilizers to enhance its drought adaptability, and field transplanting verification in different habitats, a technical method for rapid seedling cultivation of *Ageratum tetrawingum* in arid desert areas was developed. This effectively solves the technical problems of difficult propagation of *Ageratum tetrawingum* seedlings, poor seedling quality, slow growth and weak adaptability in arid desert areas, which hinders its promotion and application in the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands in arid areas. The implementation of this technology is not only of great significance for elucidating the stress resistance and physiological adaptation mechanism of Trigonella foenum-graecum, controlling soil desertification in arid desert areas and restoring the ecological environment, but also of great practical value for formulating effective cultivation, management and development measures, screening superior sand-fixing vegetation, cultivating superior forage grasses to improve the ecological and economic benefits of desert areas and drive local socio-economic development.

[0034] 2. The matrix used in this invention is readily available, low in cost, and does not harm the environment.

[0035] 3. This invention saves labor and time in seedling cultivation, is simple to operate and easy to manage, has a short seedling cycle, and produces good results.

[0036] 4. The application of mineral fertilizers in this invention not only enhances the drought resistance of seedlings, shortens the transplanting recovery period, and improves the transplanting survival rate and retention rate, but also improves soil fertility to a certain extent. This innovative research result has significant effects and advantages in cultivating high-quality seedlings of drought-resistant Triplophysa brevicorna to improve the degraded ecological environment, and has great application potential.

[0037] 5. The research and development and application of the tetrawinged quinoa mineral fertilizer in this invention have important theoretical and practical value for promoting research on mineral nutrition and fertilizer science in arid areas, as well as for improving the ecological and economic value by inoculating Cistanche deserticola through large-scale tetrawinged quinoa afforestation.

[0038] 6. This invention can be widely applied to vegetation restoration and ecosystem reconstruction of degraded grasslands in arid and desert areas. The implementation of this method can change the traditional afforestation concept in desert areas, which mainly relies on desert plants such as Haloxylon ammodendron, Euphorbia pekinensis, and Caragana korshinskii. It opens up new research prospects for the rational use of Trichoderma tetrapanax in arid areas for desertification control. Detailed Implementation

[0039] A method for rapid seed propagation of Trigonella foenum-graecum in arid regions includes the following steps:

[0040] (1) Mature autumn seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum cultivated in Minqin, Gansu Province were used as experimental seeds (because its seed development and germination rate are higher than those in Xinjiang and Qinghai). Trigonella foenum-graecum has the physiological characteristics of flowering and fruiting twice. The germination and emergence rates of seeds harvested in summer (summer seeds) are lower than those of seeds harvested in autumn (autumn seeds). Autumn seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum were collected in Minqin, Gansu Province at the end of November as experimental seeds.

[0041] (2) Preparations before seedling cultivation:

[0042] ① Nursery site selection: Select a nursery site that is easily accessible, pollution-free, has irrigation facilities, and is flat with sandy loam, slightly saline-alkali soil, or loam soil.

[0043] ② Construction of simple greenhouse: Build an arched greenhouse facing south in a sunny, well-ventilated, and easily managed area. The size of the greenhouse depends on the scale of seedling cultivation. After construction, cover it with a 0.1 mm thick polyethylene film. Bury the bottom of the film in the soil around the greenhouse and tamp it down. Also, set up a fence around the greenhouse.

[0044] ③ Seedbed preparation: Establish seedbeds in the greenhouse and level the bottom. For container seedbeds, set up 1.5 m wide and 5 m long seedbeds, with the bed surface 15-20 cm lower than the walkway. Fill the seedling containers with sterilized substrate and place them tightly together, sealing the gaps between the containers with fine soil. Leave a 30-40 cm wide walkway between seedbeds for easy watering, weeding, and other daily maintenance. For open-field sowing, the seedbed specifications are the same as for container seedbeds. First, sterilize and kill insects in the soil with 1% carbendazim and methyl isothiocyanate. Then apply 45 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 2 kg of humus, 0.25 kg of urea, 0.15 kg of superphosphate, and 0.15 kg of potassium sulfate. Deep plow to a depth of 30 cm, level the bottom, and remove impurities.

[0045] ④ Seedling containers, substrate preparation and disinfection:

[0046] Seedling containers should be biodegradable and non-toxic plastic nutrient pots (bottom diameter 20 cm, mouth diameter 30 cm, height 60 cm, wall thickness 0.2 cm, with drainage holes at the bottom).

[0047] By weight percentage (kg / kg), mix 30% sand, 55% loam, 10% well-rotted organic fertilizer and 5% humus evenly, or mix 45% sand, 45% loam, 8% humus and 2% long-acting compound fertilizer (APEX) evenly to prepare the seedling substrate.

[0048] Before raising seedlings, disinfect the substrate with a 2% ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4) solution at a mass ratio of 1:10 (kg / kg).

[0049] (3) Seedling cultivation:

[0050] i. Selected test seeds: Remove the seed wings from the seeds and use distilled water to float the seeds to remove empty and damaged seeds. Dry them in a cool, ventilated place for later use.

[0051] ii. Seed disinfection and germination: Disinfect seeds with 75% alcohol for 3-4 minutes, rinse with distilled water 3-4 times; then soak seeds in 68%-72% concentrated H2SO4 at room temperature for 13.5-14.5 hours, rinse with distilled water 3-4 times, and wait for the seed sprouts to turn white before sowing.

[0052] iii. Seedling raising method:

[0053] Greenhouse seedling raising is best done in late March; use the hill sowing method, and for container seedling raising, sow 3 seeds per hill at a depth of 1.0-1.5 cm. -1 , 2 holes·basin -1 After sowing in holes, seal the sowing holes tightly with fine sand. For seedbed seedling raising, use a hole seeder to sow seeds at a depth of 1.0-1.5 cm, with a hole spacing of 8 cm × row spacing of 12 cm, and 2 seeds per hole. -1 The sowing rate is 25-28 kg per mu. -1 (375~420kg·ha) -1 The planting density is 12.2~12.5×10⁻⁶. 4 Plants per mu -1 After sowing, seal the sowing holes with fine sand, press them down with a cylindrical device, and then immediately irrigate thoroughly.

[0054] iv. Seedbed mulching: Covering the entire seedbed with a layer of plastic film can retain heat and moisture, promoting germination and rapid root development, and also preventing seedlings from emerging with a "cap" (i.e., sprouting while still covered). Maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse at 20-25℃. Every 3 days, remove the film covering the seedbed at midday and spray water to keep the soil surface moist; wait for the seeds to germinate.

[0055] v. Humidity control and ventilation: During seed germination and emergence, maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse at 20-30℃ and the air humidity at 70%. Watering is strictly prohibited during seed germination and root development. Remove the plastic film covering the seedbed 15 days after seed germination and emergence. When the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds 30℃, open one corner of the greenhouse film at noon for regular ventilation and remove weeds at the same time. Water regularly according to soil moisture conditions to maintain the soil moisture content at 60-70% of field capacity.

[0056] (4) By analyzing the drought-resistant regulatory substances content of annual Trichoderma tetrapanax in Xinjiang and Gansu, the main introduction and planting areas, the mineral nutrient accumulation characteristics of Trichoderma tetrapanax are clarified: Trichoderma tetrapanax in arid areas shows a large accumulation of K + N, Ca 2+ Mg2+ Na + It exhibits a clear repulsion of P accumulation characteristics, particularly Si. Based on the mineral nutrient accumulation characteristics of *Ageratum tetrawingum*, this study used 15-day-old seedlings as the research object. Potted seedlings were grown using a seedling substrate, while field seedlings were grown using sandy soil from desert plant habitats. An orthogonal experimental design was employed to develop a compound fertilizer for the growth of *Ageratum tetrawingum* and to enhance its drought resistance in desert areas.

[0057] Prepare four-winged quinoa mineral compound fertilizers according to the following formulas:

[0058] 0.4g.kg -1 KNO3+ 0.3g.kg -1 CaCl2+ 0.2 g·kg -1 MgCl2+ 0.4 g·kg -1 Na2SiO3;

[0059] 0.6g.kg -1 KNO3+ 0.2g.kg -1 CaCl2+ 0.2 g·kg -1 MgCl2+ 0.3 g·kg -1 Na2SiO3.

[0060] (5) Seedling management:

[0061] In mid-to-late May, after removing the greenhouse film, water and fertilizer are applied before seedling cultivation and in mid-July, with fertilizer to soil ratios of 0.65g:1kg and 0.75g:1kg (both dissolved in water and used for irrigation). Watering is done regularly based on soil moisture and seedling growth. The soil moisture content (60cm soil layer) is then maintained at 30-35% of field capacity to allow the seedlings to adapt to drought resistance until the end of the growing season. Finally, in mid-October, the seedlings are coppiced to a height of 50-55cm to promote lignification of branches, root growth, and prevent branch dieback.

[0062] (6) Seedlings leaving the nursery:

[0063] a. Timing of seedling removal: Container seedlings should be removed after 140-150 days of growth for autumn afforestation, or removed in early April of the following year for spring afforestation; bare-root seedlings in seedbeds should be removed in early April of the following year for spring afforestation.

[0064] b. Seedling removal method: For container seedlings, use a shovel to cut the roots outside the container to remove the seedlings and move them to a new location. After cutting the roots, water them thoroughly and remove them from the nursery after 1 week. For bare-root seedlings, water them once 4-5 days before removal and dig them up in the same row (depth: 30-40 cm) to prevent breaking the seedling stem and damaging the underground buds.

[0065] c. Transportation and temporary planting: Container seedlings should be dug up, transported and planted immediately; bare-root seedlings should be transported with the roots moist. After arriving at the afforestation site, dig temporary planting trenches perpendicular to the wind direction in a shady and sheltered area (the size of the trench depends on the size of the seedlings). Fill the trench with water, arrange the seedlings in a single row on the sloping wall of the trench, cover the roots with moist soil, and tamp down the soil in layers. When transplanting, take the seedlings out as they are planted, and water them promptly after transplanting.

[0066] All experiments were conducted in Linze County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, at the Linze Inland River Basin Research Station (National Station) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This area is located in the central part of the Hexi Corridor, on the edge of a desert oasis, with severely degraded vegetation and a very fragile ecological environment.

[0067] Example 1: The seed region and seed type (summer and autumn) for the seedling cultivation experiment of Trigonella foenum-graecum were determined, and the specific experimental design is as follows:

[0068] A. Field surveys of the transplanted areas of *Trichoderma tetragonum* revealed that it exhibits the physiological characteristic of flowering and fruiting twice. Therefore, mature seeds of *Trichoderma tetragonum* (autumn-sown) were collected in late November from different arid regions including Xinjiang (Alar and Hotan), Gansu (Minqin), and Qinghai (Xining). Simultaneously, summer-sown seeds were collected in different suitable growing areas at the end of July. After drying in a well-ventilated, shady place, the seed wings were removed. Alar and Hotan in Xinjiang are severely arid areas (annual rainfall less than 40 mm), Minqin in Gansu is a typical arid area (annual rainfall 110 mm), and Xining in Qinghai is a plateau semi-arid area (rainfall 380 mm).

[0069] Empty and damaged seeds were removed by flotation with distilled water, followed by rinsing with distilled water for 2 minutes, and then laid flat to dry in a ventilated and shady place. Seed germination tests were conducted in a greenhouse (in petri dishes lined with filter paper), and the seed plumpness and germination rate in different areas are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1. Changes in seed plumpness and germination rate of mature Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds in different suitable growing areas under natural conditions.

[0071]

[0072] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0073] Table 1 shows that, compared with the summer and autumn seeds of *Trigonella foenum-graecum* collected in Xinjiang (Alar and Hotan) and Qinghai (Xining), the summer seeds of *Trigonella foenum-graecum* collected in Gansu (Minqin) had the highest thousand-seed weight and germination rate, reaching 5.87 g / 10 ... -1 The grain yield was 35.6%, and the thousand-seed weight and germination rate of autumn-planted seeds reached 6.43 grams per 1000 seeds. -1The grain yield was 46.1%, significantly higher than that of summer and autumn-harvested *Trigonella foenum-graecum* collected in Xinjiang (Alar and Hotan) and Qinghai (Xining). This study indicates that because the seed plumpness and germination rate of *Trigonella foenum-graecum* collected in Gansu (Minqin) were higher than those in Xinjiang and Qinghai, and the autumn-harvested seeds (autumn-planted) had higher seed plumpness and germination rate than the summer-harvested seeds (summer-planted), autumn-ripened seeds (autumn-planted) cultivated in Minqin, Gansu, were selected as the experimental seeds.

[0074] Example 2: Experiment on suitable sowing depth for Trigonella foenum-graecum seedling cultivation. The specific experimental design is as follows:

[0075] A. Autumn-ripening seeds of *Trigonella foenum-graecum* cultivated in Minqin County, Gansu Province, were selected as the experimental seeds. The seed wings were removed, and the seeds were disinfected with 75% alcohol for 3-4 minutes, followed by rinsing with distilled water 3-4 times. Then, at room temperature, the seeds were soaked in 68%-72% H2SO4 for 13.5-14.5 hours, followed by rinsing with distilled water 3-4 times to promote germination.

[0076] After seed germination, pot culture experiments with different sowing depths were conducted in a greenhouse. The following different sowing depths were set: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 cm. The seed germination rate and seedling survival rate are shown in Table 2.

[0077] Table 2. Effects of different sowing depths on seed emergence and seedling establishment of Trichosanthes kirilowii after seed germination.

[0078]

[0079] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0080] Table 2 shows that different sowing depths significantly affected the germination and seedling emergence of *Trigonella foenum-graecum* seeds after germination. Compared with the control (sowing depth of 0 cm), the germination and seedling emergence rates were best at sowing depths of 1.0–1.5 cm. At sowing depths of 0.5 cm and 2.0 cm, the germination and seedling emergence rates were significantly reduced. Compared with the control, at sowing depths of 1.0 and 1.5 cm, the germination rate increased by 83.5% and 80.6%, respectively, and the seedling emergence rate increased by 95.4% and 91.3%, respectively. Compared with a sowing depth of 0.5 cm, at sowing depths of 1.0 and 1.5 cm, the germination rate increased by 16.8% and 13.9%, respectively, and the seedling emergence rate increased by 12.3% and 9.2%, respectively. Compared with a sowing depth of 2.0 cm, sowing depths of 1.0 cm and 1.5 cm increased seed germination rate by 37.2% and 34.3%, respectively, and seedling survival rate by 24.8% and 20.7%, respectively. This indicates that 1.0–1.5 cm is the optimal sowing depth for *Trichoderma tetragonum* seeds to germinate and ensure seedling survival.

[0081] Example 3: Container seedling cultivation experiment of Triplophysa tetrawingata under different seedling substrate ratios. The specific experimental design is as follows:

[0082] A. Autumn-ripening seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum cultivated in Minqin, Gansu Province were selected as experimental seeds. The seeds were disinfected with alcohol after removing the seed wings, and then treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to promote germination. Pot seedling cultivation experiments were conducted in a greenhouse (sowing depth: 1.0~1.5 cm). For details, please refer to Examples 1~2.

[0083] Select customized biodegradable and non-toxic plastic seedling pots (bottom diameter 20 cm, mouth diameter 30 cm, height 60 cm, wall thickness 0.2 cm, with drainage holes at the bottom) as seedling containers, and set the following seedling substrate formulas: ① 100% sand culture; ② Mix 50% perlite and 50% vermiculite; ③ Mix 50% sand culture and 50% loam; ④ Mix 30% sand, 55% loam, 10% well-rotted organic fertilizer and 5% humus; ⑤ Mix 45% sand, 45% loam, 8% humus and 2% slow-release compound fertilizer to form the substrate. Before seedling cultivation, disinfect the substrate with a 2% ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4) solution at a ratio of 1:10.

[0084] C. Thin the seedlings 15 days after emergence, leaving 2 strong, upright seedlings per pot. -1 Water regularly. When the seedlings have 4-5 leaves (late May), and the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds 25 ℃, remove the entire greenhouse film to allow the seedlings to adapt and acclimatize. Observe the seedling growth in early July. Table 3 shows the changes in seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth under different substrates.

[0085] Table 3. Effects of different seedling substrates on seed germination, seedling establishment, and growth and development of *Trichoderma tetragonum*.

[0086]

[0087] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0088] Table 3 shows that different cultivation substrates had a significant impact on the growth of *Acer tetragonum* seedlings, but no significant impact on seed germination rate and seedling establishment rate. Compared with seedling substrates ①, ②, and ③, seedling substrates ④ (a mixture of 30% sand, 55% loam, 10% well-rotted organic fertilizer, and 5% humus) and ⑤ (a mixture of 45% sand, 45% loam, 8% humus, and 2% slow-release compound fertilizer) significantly promoted the growth of *Acer tetragonum* seedlings and increased plant biomass accumulation; while seedling substrates ①, ②, and ③ had no significant difference in their effects on the growth of *Acer tetragonum* seedlings. Compared with seedling substrates ①, ②, and ③, seedling substrates ④ and ⑤ increased the plant height of *Acer tetragonum* by 34.0%–53.3%, the taproot length by 30.8%–38.9%, and the biomass by 17.4%–26.4% after seedling cultivation. This indicates that ④ and ⑤ are better seedling substrates for raising *Trichoderma tetragonum* seeds and can be widely used in *Trichoderma tetragonum* seedling cultivation in arid areas.

[0089] Example 4: Open-field seedling cultivation experiment of different seedling specifications of Triplophysa tetrawingata seedbed. The specific experimental design is as follows:

[0090] A. The autumn-ripening seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum cultivated in Minqin, Gansu Province were selected as the experimental seeds. The seeds were de-winged, disinfected with alcohol, and treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to promote germination. The seedlings were then raised in open fields in a greenhouse (sowing depth: 1.0~1.5 cm). For details, please refer to Examples 1~2.

[0091] First, sterilize and kill insects in the soil of the seedbed with 1% carbendazim and methyl isothiocyanate. Then, apply 45 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 2 kg of humus, 0.25 kg of urea, 0.15 kg of superphosphate, and 0.15 kg of potassium sulfate. After deep plowing to a depth of 30 cm, level the bottom of the seedbed and remove impurities.

[0092] Seeding with a hill-seeding machine, set to: 5 cm × 8 cm, 8 cm × 12 cm, and 12 cm × 15 cm spacing (3 hill spacings × row spacing), 2 seeds per hill. -1 The sowing rate is 28-30 kg / mu. -1 25~28 kg·mu -1 and 22~25 kg per mu -1 After sowing, seal the sowing holes with fine sand, compact them with a cylindrical device, and then immediately irrigate thoroughly.

[0093] Thin the seedlings 15 days after emergence (1 plant per hole). -1 Strong and upright seedlings were selected. When the seedlings had 4-5 leaves (late May), and the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeded 25 ℃, the greenhouse film was completely removed to allow the seedlings to adapt and acclimatize. Regular watering was carried out, and seedling growth was observed in early July. Table 4 shows the changes in seedling growth and the number of seedlings (specifications: plant height over 55cm, ground diameter over 0.2cm) under different sowing rates.

[0094] Table 4. Effects of different seedling specifications on the growth and development of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds.

[0095]

[0096] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0097] Table 4 shows that different seedling specifications significantly affected the growth and seedling density of *Trichoderma tetragonum* seedlings. The 8cm × 12cm and 12cm × 15cm hole spacing × row spacing treatments showed no significant differences in plant height, taproot length, and biomass, but were significantly higher than the 5cm × 8cm hole spacing × row spacing treatment. Furthermore, the 8cm × 12cm and 12cm × 15cm hole spacing × row spacing treatments achieved the highest seedling density, ranging from 12.2 to 12.5 × 10⁶ seedlings per hectare. 4 Plants per mu -1 and 12.7~13.0×10 4 Plants per mu -1 With a hole spacing of 5 cm × 8 cm × row spacing, the seedling yield of *Trichoderma tetragonum* was only 9.6~10.0 × 10⁶ seedlings. 4 Plants per mu -1 This indicates that the hole spacing × row spacing treatments of 8 cm × 12 cm and 12 cm × 15 cm are better seedling specifications for raising *Trichoderma tetragonum* seeds, resulting in better seedling growth and a higher seedling survival rate.

[0098] Example 5: Development and application of fertilizer for Trigonella foenum-graecum seedlings. The specific experimental design is as follows:

[0099] (1) Analysis of the main drought-resistant mineral nutrients in seedlings of Tripterygium wilfordii in arid areas

[0100] A. Through field investigation, samples of *Trichoderma tetrapanax* were collected in different arid areas, including Xinjiang (Alar and Hotan) (annual rainfall less than 40 mm) and Gansu (Minqin) (annual rainfall 110 mm). One-year-old *Trichoderma tetrapanax* plants were selected as the research subject. After the growth period, whole plant samples were collected, with at least 20 plants of each species. After collection, the samples were brought back to the laboratory, rinsed thoroughly with water, and separated into roots, stems, and leaves. All samples were rinsed with distilled water, dried in an oven at 85℃ for 3 days, pulverized, uniformly mixed, and passed through a 2 mm sieve for analysis of N and P content, as well as the content of major inorganic drought-resistant regulators such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and silicon.

[0101] B. The contribution of drought-resistant substance accumulation to the drought resistance of Trichoderma tetrapanax was determined by measuring the proportion of each major inorganic drought-resistant substance to the total amount of inorganic drought-resistant substances. The results are shown in Tables 5-7.

[0102] As shown in Table 5, whether in the severely arid areas (Hotan and Alar in Xinjiang) or the typical arid areas (Minqin in Gansu), the N accumulation of Triplophysa gracilis is significantly higher than that of P, with N accumulation being 6.98 times and P accumulation being 6.81 times, respectively. Moreover, Triplophysa gracilis in both regions exhibits a large accumulation of N, while rejecting the accumulation of P.

[0103] Table 5. Accumulation characteristics of N and P content in Trichoderma tetrapanax in different arid regions

[0104]

[0105] Table 6 shows that in typical arid areas, the leaves of *Trichoderma tetragonum* have the highest accumulation of inorganic ions, among which: K + The largest accumulation was in Ca (5.14%), followed by Ca. 2+ (2.53%), Na + (1.27%), Mg 2+ The highest concentration of inorganic ions (K) in the plant was 1.24%, with the lowest Si accumulation at 0.30%. In severely arid areas, the trend of inorganic ion accumulation in the leaves of *Acer tetrawingense* was consistent with that in severely arid areas. Notably, from typical arid areas to severely arid areas, the total potassium (K) content of the entire *Acer tetrawingense* plant decreased. + and Mg 2+ The contents decreased from 7.78% and 1.87% to 7.29% and 1.59%, respectively; while the whole plant Na + Ca 2+ The content of Si increased from 1.43%, 3.27%, and 0.76% to 2.02%, 3.47%, and 2.21%, respectively (Table 2). Furthermore, with increasing drought severity, from typical arid areas to severely arid areas, the total amount of major drought-resistant regulating substances in *Trichoderma tetragonum* increased from 15.11% (15.11 g / 100 g) to 15.11% (15.11 g / 100 g). -1 The dry weight increased to 17.92% (17.92g / 100g).-1 (dry weight), the increase was 18.6%.

[0106] Table 6. Accumulation characteristics of major drought-resistant regulating substances in Trichoderma tetrapanax in different arid regions

[0107]

[0108] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0109] Table 7 shows that in a typical arid region (Minqin County, Gansu Province), the contributions of major inorganic drought-resistance regulators to the drought resistance of Trichoderma tetrapanax are, in descending order: K + (51.5%), Ca 2+ (21.6%), Mg 2+ (12.4%), Na + (9.5%), Si (5.0%); while in severely arid areas (Hotan and Alar in Xinjiang), the contributions of major inorganic drought-resistance regulators to the drought resistance of Trichoderma tetrapanax are, in descending order: K + (40.7%), Ca 2+ (24.3%), Na + (13.3%), Si (12.3%), Mg 2+ (8.9%). It is worth noting that from typical arid areas to severely arid areas, K... + and Mg 2+ The contributions of Na to drought resistance were reduced by 10.8% and 3.5%, respectively, while Na + Ca 2+ The contributions of potassium (K) and phosphorus (Si) to the drought resistance of Trichoderma tetrawingii increased by 3.8%, 2.7%, and 7.3%, respectively. These findings indicate that with increasing drought severity, Trichoderma tetrawingii, in addition to accumulating large amounts of potassium (K), also contributes to drought resistance. + and Mg 2+ While enhancing its drought resistance, *Tetrapanax tetrapanax* tends to accumulate more Na+. + Ca 2+ And Si to enhance its drought resistance.

[0110] Table 7. Contribution of the content of major inorganic drought-resistance regulating substances in Trichoderma tetrawingum to drought resistance.

[0111]

[0112] (2) The research and application of tetrawinged quinoa mineral fertilizer in arid areas, the specific experimental design of which is as follows:

[0113] Based on the nutrient accumulation characteristics of *Trigonella foenum-graecum* in Experimental Case 1, a fertilizer was developed. The test material was *Trigonella foenum-graecum*, and the selection of the experimental species and seed germination procedures were carried out in accordance with Examples 1 and 2. The test fertilizer consisted of analytically pure potassium nitrate (KNO3), calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and sodium silicate (Na2SiO2). 3. 9H2O). Based on the orthogonal experimental design, a multi-factor, multi-fertilization-level experiment was conducted (Table 8). The following experimental design was carried out:

[0114] Table 8. Orthogonal experimental design for the development of Trigonella foenum-graecum fertilizer (4 factors, 5 levels)

[0115]

[0116] A: Hydroponic experiment under rapid stress (nutrient solution irrigation): Potassium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and sodium silicate were uniformly mixed to prepare mineral fertilizer formulations with different proportions. The optimal proportions of the mineral fertilizer formulations (mineral fertilizers 1 and 2) were dissolved separately in Hoagland nutrient solution, both of which were adjusted to 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution (2 mmol / L). -1 KNO3), 0.5 mmol / L -1 NH4H2PO4), 0.25 mmol·L -1 MgSO4·7H2O), 0.1 mmol·L -1 Ca(NO3)2·4H2O), 0.5 mmol·L - 1 Fe-citrate), 92 mmol.L -1 H3BO3), 18 mmol.L -1 MnCl2·4H2O), 1.6 mmol·L -1 ZnSO4·7H2O), 0.6 mmol·L -1 CuSO4·5H2O), 0.7 mmol·L -1 (NH4)6Mo7O 24 .4H2O). Example 1 shows that the demand for phosphorus (P) is relatively low, and the phosphorus content of the Hoagland nutrient solution used in this example is basically sufficient to meet the growth needs of the four-winged barberry. Therefore, no additional phosphorus was added.

[0117] Place the perforated culture box containing vermiculite in a tray filled with Hoagland nutrient solution. After the vermiculite is fully moistened, evenly sow the pre-germinated seeds of *Trigonella foenum-graecum* into the culture box. Maintain a day / night temperature of (28±2)℃ / (23±2)℃, a light duration of 16h / d, and a light intensity of approximately 600µmol / m². 2The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse with a relative humidity of 60%–80% for 4 weeks. Then, the seedlings were divided into 3 groups and treated with Hoagland nutrient solution (control), Hoagland nutrient solution containing mineral fertilizer 1 and 2 for 5 days respectively.

[0118] Based on the above, the three groups of seedlings were further divided into three subgroups. The osmotic potential of the treatment solution was adjusted to 0 MPa, -0.5 MPa (mild drought stress), and -1.0 MPa (moderate drought stress) using polyethylene glycol (PEG6000). The treatment solution was changed daily. All three subgroups used Hoagland nutrient solution without any fertilizer as a control. Relevant growth indicators were measured after 7 days, with five replicates for each treatment. The fertilizer effects are shown in Tables 9, 10, and 11.

[0119] Table 9 shows that under 0 MPa osmotic potential (no drought stress), i.e., without drought stress, mineral fertilizers 1 and 2 significantly promoted the growth of *Acer tetragonum* compared to the control. Compared to the control, *Acer tetragonum* plants cultivated with mineral fertilizers 1 and 2 showed increases in plant height of 34.4% and 40.9%, fresh weight of 29.8% and 28.1%, dry weight of 17.7% and 14.5%, and taproot length of 27.3% and 23.1%, respectively.

[0120] Table 9. Effects of mineral fertilizer formulation on growth and drought resistance of Trichoderma tetrapanax at 0 MPa osmotic potential.

[0121]

[0122] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0123] Table 10 shows that under -0.5 MPa osmotic stress (mild drought stress), mineral fertilizers 1 and 2 significantly promoted the growth of *Acer tetragonum* and mitigated the damage caused by osmotic stress compared to the control. Compared to the control, *Acer tetragonum* plants cultivated with mineral fertilizers 1 and 2 showed increases in plant height of 33.3% and 42.2%, fresh weight of 34.3% and 35.8%, dry weight of 25.4% and 32.2%, and taproot length of 30.1% and 26.7%, respectively.

[0124] Table 10 Effects of mineral fertilizer formulation on growth and drought resistance of Trichoderma tetrapanax at -0.5 MPa osmotic potential

[0125]

[0126] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0127] Table 11 shows that under -1.0 MPa osmotic stress (moderate drought stress), compared with the control, the application of mineral fertilizers 1 and 2 significantly promoted the growth of *Acer tetragonum* and reduced the damage caused by osmotic stress. Compared with the control, the plant height of *Acer tetragonum* cultivated with mineral fertilizers 1 and 2 increased by 34.9% and 36.1%, respectively; the fresh weight increased by 45.8% and 42.9%, respectively; the dry weight increased by 56.1% and 46.3%, respectively; and the taproot length increased by 54.5% and 52.7%, respectively.

[0128] Table 11 Effects of mineral fertilizer formulation on growth and drought resistance of Triplophysa brevis under an osmotic potential of -1.0 MPa

[0129]

[0130] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0131] Verification experiments on pot seedling raising and field seedling raising under slow drought conditions:

[0132] Potted seedling experiment: The design of the seedbed for *Triplophysa tetrawingata*, selection of experimental seeds, seed germination, seedling raising methods (sowing depth, sowing quantity, specifications, etc.), and seedling management were all referenced in Examples 1 and 2. The experimental substrate was the optimal seedling substrate ratio ④ determined in Example 4: 30% sand, 55% loam, 10% well-rotted organic fertilizer, and 5% humus. The optimal fertilizer formulas 1 and 2 were evenly mixed with substrate ratio ④ at ratios of 0.65g:1kg and 0.75g:1kg (fertilizer applied in two applications: before seedling raising and in mid-July). The mixture was then placed in pre-made cylindrical pots (height: 80cm; diameter: 30cm) for seedling raising. One week after emergence, regular watering was conducted, and soil moisture content was monitored to maintain the soil moisture content in the pots at approximately 70% of field capacity. Appropriate care and management were provided to ensure normal growth of the seedlings in each treatment. When the seedlings reached about 10 cm in height, thin them out, leaving 3 uniformly growing *Acer tetragonum* seedlings per pot. The seedlings were then divided into 4 groups: Control 1 (no fertilizer + drought treatment), Control 2 (no fertilizer + normal watering treatment, 70% field water content), and Treatments 1 and 2 (mineral fertilizer 1 and 2 + drought treatment). Control 1 and the treatments with mineral fertilizer (1 and 2) + drought were watered regularly for 20 days to maintain soil moisture at approximately 70% of field capacity. Watering was then stopped to induce drought stress. When soil moisture decreased to 30% of field capacity, this soil moisture level was maintained. The actual water requirement for each treatment was calculated based on the difference between the designed soil moisture content (30% field capacity) and the actual soil moisture content. The required water was applied at dusk or dawn to maintain the designed soil moisture level for each treatment. Six replicates were set up for each treatment. To minimize the impact of potential environmental factors in the desert area on the experimental results, replicates of each treatment were randomly reassigned to different locations every two weeks. In early October, the plants were cut back to a height of 50-55 cm. In early November, after the growth period of *Trichoderma tetragonum* had ended, sample plots were selected in the uncut areas to measure relevant growth indicators. The experimental results of each fertilizer are shown in Tables 12 and 13.

[0133] Table 12 shows that, after drought stress, compared with control 1 (drought) and control 2 (normal irrigation), both mineral fertilizer 1 (treatment 1) and mineral fertilizer 2 (treatment 2) significantly promoted the growth of *Acer tetragonum* in potted seedlings. Compared with control 1, the application of mineral fertilizers 1 and 2 increased the plant height of *Acer tetragonum* by 24.3% and 23.5%, respectively; the fresh weight by 32.9% and 36.4%, respectively; the dry weight by 37.6% and 34.4%, respectively; the taproot length by 15.0% and 13.1%, respectively; and the number of branches by 21.7% and 16.7%, respectively.

[0134] Table 12 Effects of mineral fertilizer formulation on the growth of potted *Acer negundo* under slow drought conditions

[0135]

[0136] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0137] Table 13 shows that after drought stress, compared with control 1 (drought) and control 2 (normal irrigation), both mineral fertilizer 1 (treatment 1) and mineral fertilizer 2 (treatment 2) significantly increased the accumulation of mineral nutrients in *Trichoderma tetragonum*, enhancing its drought resistance. Compared with control 1, the application of mineral fertilizers 1 and 2 increased the nitrogen content of *Trichoderma tetragonum* by 23.0% and 20.7%, potassium content by 11.1% and 12.7%, calcium content by 22.0% and 20.1%, magnesium content by 30.6% and 27.6%, sodium content by 38.7% and 47.2%, and silicon content by 34.6% and 30.1%, respectively.

[0138] Table 13 Effects of mineral fertilizer formulation on drought resistance of potted *Acer negundo* under slow drought conditions

[0139]

[0140] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0141] Field seedling verification experiment: The field seedlings were raised using sandy soil from desert plant habitats as the seedbed. The design of the *Trichoderma tetrawingatum* seedbed, selection of experimental seeds, seed germination, seedling raising methods (sowing depth, sowing quantity, seed size, etc.), and seedling management were referenced in Examples 1, 2, and 4. Before field seedling raising, the soil mass of each experimental plot was calculated based on soil bulk density, plot area (1.5m × 5m), and fertilization based on a 30cm soil layer. The amount of mineral fertilizer to be applied in the field experiment was then calculated. The fertilizer application rate calculation formula is as follows: T=S×H×D×T 1 ;in: T This represents the total amount of each mineral fertilizer component applied in each experimental plot; S The area of ​​the residential area is 7.5 m². 2 ); H This refers to the depth of fertilization. D Soil bulk density; T 1 The amount of mineral fertilizer to be applied per kg of dry soil in each plot was calculated. After calculating the amount of mineral fertilizer, fertilizer formulas 1 and 2 were mixed evenly with the soil at ratios of 0.65 g: 1 kg and 0.75 g: 1 kg through deep tillage (the fertilizer was applied in two applications: before seedling raising and in mid-July). Field trials used a hill-seeding machine for seedling raising (see Example 4 for specific seedling raising methods).

[0142] After sufficient watering, provide appropriate care to ensure normal growth of the seedlings after emergence. During the normal growth period, when the seedlings reach about 10 cm in height, thin them out, leaving one seedling of uniform growth per hole. Then, divide the *Triplophysa tetrapanax* seedlings into 4 groups: Control 1 (no fertilizer + drought treatment), Control 2 (no fertilizer + normal watering treatment, 70% field moisture content), and Treatments 1 and 2 (mineral fertilizer 1 and 2 + drought treatment). Control 1 and the mineral fertilizer 1 and 2 + drought treatments were irrigated once before seedling raising and once in mid-July, with 6 replicates for each treatment. In early October, the seedlings were coppiced to a height of 50-55 cm. In early November, after the *Triplophysa tetrapanax* growth period, sample plots were selected in the uncoppiced areas to measure relevant growth indicators. The experimental effects of each fertilizer are shown in Tables 14, 15, and 16.

[0143] Table 14 shows that, after drought stress, compared with control 1 (drought) and control 2 (normal irrigation), the application of mineral fertilizer 1 (treatment 1) and mineral fertilizer 2 (treatment 2) in field seedling cultivation significantly promoted the growth of *Trifolium repens*. Compared with control 1, the application of mineral fertilizers 1 and 2 increased the plant height of *Trifolium repens* by 37.5% and 39.7%, respectively; the fresh weight by 31.4% and 35.8%, respectively; the dry weight by 39.6% and 42.7%, respectively; the taproot length by 11.7% and 10.3%, respectively; and the number of branches by 23.6% and 18.2%, respectively.

[0144] Table 14 Effects of mineral fertilizer formulation on the growth and drought resistance of field-grown Triplophysa 'Tetrapanax' under slow drought conditions

[0145]

[0146] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0147] Table 15 shows that after drought stress, compared with control 1 (drought) and control 2 (normal irrigation), the application of mineral fertilizer 1 (treatment 1) and mineral fertilizer 2 (treatment 2) in field seedling cultivation significantly increased the accumulation of mineral nutrients in *Trichoderma tetragonum*, thus enhancing its drought resistance. Compared with control 1, the application of mineral fertilizers 1 and 2 increased the nitrogen content of *Trichoderma tetragonum* by 23.3% and 20.6%, potassium content by 10.9% and 11.6%, calcium content by 27.1% and 25.4%, magnesium content by 29.5% and 36.1%, sodium content by 37.6% and 42.2%, and silicon content by 34.7% and 43.5%, respectively.

[0148] Table 15. Effects of mineral fertilizer formulation on mineral nutrient accumulation in field-grown Triplophysa bream under slow drought conditions.

[0149]

[0150] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0151] As shown in Table 16, after drought stress, compared with control 1 (drought) and control 2 (normal irrigation), the application of mineral fertilizer 1 (treatment 1) and mineral fertilizer 2 (treatment 2) significantly increased the soil mineral nutrient content and enhanced soil fertility, so that the soil nutrient content reached the suitable range of soil nutrients in the arid desert area of ​​Northwest my country.

[0152] Table 16 Effects of mineral compound fertilizer application on soil fertility during slow drought in the seedling stage of Trichosanthes kirilowii

[0153]

[0154] Example 5: Transplanting experiment of drought-resistant seedlings of Trigonella foenum-graecum in different habitats. The specific experimental design is as follows:

[0155] A. In early April, one-year-old *Trifolium repens* seedlings cultivated with and without mineral compound fertilizer 1 and 2 were selected for transplanting afforestation experiments. After the seedlings (with roots kept moist) were transported to the afforestation site, temporary planting trenches were dug in shady and sheltered areas perpendicular to the wind direction. The trenches were filled with water, and the seedlings were arranged in a single row on the sloping wall of the trench. The roots were covered with moist soil, and the soil was compacted in layers for transplanting.

[0156] B. The transplanting area is located in the area surrounding the Linze Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including sand dunes, grasslands, fixed sand dunes, slightly saline-alkali land with reeds, moderately saline-alkali land with tamarisk, and severely saline-alkali land with salsa.

[0157] C. Seedlings should be removed immediately after transplanting, and watered promptly after transplanting. Sand dunes, grasslands, and fixed sandy areas should be irrigated every 10 days for a total of 3 times. Slightly, moderately, and severely saline-alkali lands should be irrigated according to the actual conditions. The survival rate should be observed after 1 month.

[0158] Table 17 shows that the field transplanting experiment demonstrated that, compared with seedlings cultivated without mineral compound fertilizer, the survival rate of seedlings cultivated with mineral compound fertilizer was significantly improved. Compared with seedlings cultivated without mineral compound fertilizer, the survival rates of seedlings cultivated with mineral compound fertilizers 1 and 2 increased by 9.4% and 10.2% after transplanting from sand dunes, respectively; by 10.8% and 9.9% after transplanting from grasslands, respectively; by 10.2% and 11.6% after transplanting from fixed sandy areas, respectively; by 14.9% and 13.8% after transplanting from slightly saline-alkali land, respectively; and by 14.2% and 13.0% after transplanting from moderately saline-alkali land, respectively. However, the survival rates were all low after transplanting from severely saline-alkali land, and the differences were not significant. This indicates that the mineral compound fertilizer for *Triplophysa scoparia* significantly improved the survival rate of transplanted seedlings, enhanced their drought resistance and salt tolerance, and that the suitable areas for transplanting and afforestation of *Triplophysa scoparia* seedlings cultivated with mineral compound fertilizer are sand dunes, grasslands, fixed sandy areas, and light to moderate saline-alkali lands with reeds and tamarisk.

[0159] Table 17 Changes in the transplant survival rate of *Acer tetrawingense* seedlings cultivated in different habitats with the application of mineral compound fertilizer

[0160]

[0161] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0162] An investigation into the ecological adaptability of seedlings propagated from *Triplophysa tetrapanax* after transplanting revealed that seedlings showed good survival rates and strong adaptability in areas with shifting sand dunes, grasslands, and fixed sand dunes. Seedlings also showed good adaptability in habitats with reeds (mildly saline-alkali soil), and no significant maladaptation was observed in areas with *Tamarix chinensis* (moderately saline-alkali soil). However, their adaptability was poor in habitats with *Salix babylonica* (severely saline-alkali soil). Therefore, suitable areas for afforestation using seedlings propagated from *Triplophysa tetrapanax* are sand dunes, grasslands, fixed sand dunes, and mildly to moderately saline-alkali soils with reeds and *Tamarix chinensis* in the arid northwest region.

[0163] In summary, (1) This invention, by comparing seed germination in major transplanting areas of *Trichoderma tetragonum* in China, selected mature seeds (autumn-sown) with high germination rates from the *Trichoderma tetragonum* transplanting area in Minqin County, Gansu Province, as experimental seeds. (2) Seeds underwent a series of germination-promoting measures, including removing seed wings and soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid, and were then cultivated using a self-developed low-cost, pollution-free, and highly fertile seedling substrate. (3) Simultaneously with seedling cultivation, based on the analysis of previous research results on "mineral nutrient accumulation characteristics of *Trichoderma tetragonum*", a mineral fertilizer suitable for the growth of *Trichoderma tetragonum* and capable of improving drought resistance was developed and applied to the cultivation of drought-resistant *Trichoderma tetragonum* seedlings. (4) Covering the seedbed with plastic film after seedling cultivation served to maintain warmth and moisture, and to promote rapid seed germination, rooting, and emergence. (5) The application of mineral fertilizer improved the water use of *Trichoderma tetragonum* seedlings, accumulated a large amount of drought-regulating substances, enhanced their drought adaptability, improved soil fertility, and further increased the transplant survival rate of seedlings. (6) The important measure of coppicing was added (which is beneficial for the lignification of branches, thereby promoting root growth and improving seedling survival rate), and the appropriate time for coppicing (mid-October) and the coppicing height (50-55cm) were specified. (7) The transplanting area for seed-propagated seedlings of Trigonella foenum-graecum and the applicable scope for the promotion and application of seedlings were also specified.

Claims

1. A method for rapid seedling cultivation of *Trigonella foenum-graecum* seeds in arid regions, comprising the following steps: (1) Mature autumn-grown *Trigonella foenum-graecum* cultivated in Minqin County, Gansu Province, was used as the experimental seed. (2) Preparations before seedling cultivation: ① Nursery site selection: Select a site with convenient transportation, no pollution, irrigation conditions, and flat terrain, such as sandy loam, slightly saline-alkali soil or loam, as the nursery site. ② Construction of simple greenhouse: Build an arched greenhouse facing south in a sunny, well-ventilated, and easily managed area. The size of the greenhouse depends on the scale of seedling cultivation. After construction, cover it with a 0.1 mm thick polyethylene film. Bury the bottom of the film in the soil around the greenhouse and tamp it down. Also, set up a fence around the greenhouse. ③ Seedbed preparation: Set up seedbeds in the greenhouse and level the bottom of the beds; For container seedling beds, set up seedling beds that are 1.5 m wide and 5 m long, with the bed surface 15-20 cm lower than the walkway. After filling the seedling containers with sterilized substrate, place them tightly together in a row, and seal the gaps between the containers with fine soil. Leave a walkway 30-40 cm wide between the seedling beds. For open-field sowing seedling beds, the specifications are the same as those for container seedling beds. First, sterilize and kill insects in the soil with 1% carbendazim and methyl isothiocyanate. Then, apply 45 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 2 kg of humus, 0.25 kg of urea, 0.15 kg of superphosphate, and 0.15 kg of potassium sulfate. After deep plowing to a depth of 30 cm, level the bottom of the bed and remove impurities. ④ Seedling containers, substrate preparation and disinfection: Seedling containers should be biodegradable, non-toxic plastic nutrient pots; By weight percentage, mix 30% sand, 55% loam, 10% well-rotted organic fertilizer and 5% humus evenly, or mix 45% sand, 45% loam, 8% humus and 2% slow-release compound fertilizer evenly to prepare the seedling substrate. Disinfect the substrate with a 2% ferrous sulfate solution at a mass ratio of 1:10 before seedling cultivation; (3) Seedling cultivation: i. Selected test seeds: Remove the seed wings from the seeds and use distilled water to float them to remove empty and damaged seeds. Dry them in a cool, ventilated place for later use. ii. Seed disinfection and germination: Disinfect seeds with 75% alcohol for 3-4 minutes, rinse with distilled water 3-4 times; then soak seeds in 68%-72% concentrated H2SO4 at room temperature for 13.5-14.5 hours, rinse with distilled water 3-4 times, and wait for the seed sprouts to turn white before sowing. iii. Seedling raising method: Greenhouse seedling raising is best done in late March; use the hill sowing method, and for container seedling raising, sow 3 seeds per hill at a depth of 1.0-1.5 cm. -1 , 2 holes·basin -1 After sowing in holes, seal the sowing holes tightly with fine sand. For seedbed seedling raising, use a hole seeder to sow seeds at a depth of 1.0-1.5 cm, with a hole spacing of 8 cm × row spacing of 12 cm, and 2 seeds per hole. -1 The sowing rate is 25-28 kg per mu. -1 The planting density is 12.2~12.5×10. 4 Plants per mu -1 After sowing, seal the sowing holes with fine sand, press them down with a cylindrical device, and then immediately irrigate thoroughly. iv. Seedbed mulching; v. Humidity control and ventilation; (4) Prepare four-winged quinoa mineral compound fertilizers according to the following formulas: 0.4g.kg -1 KNO3+0.3g.kg -1 CaCl2+0.2g.kg -1 MgCl2+0.4g.kg -1 Na2SiO3; 0.6g.kg -1 KNO3+0.2g.kg -1 CaCl2+0.2g.kg -1 MgCl2+0.3g.kg -1 Na2SiO3; (5) Seedling management: In mid-to-late May, after removing the greenhouse film, irrigation and fertilization were carried out before seedling cultivation and in mid-July, with fertilizer and soil weight ratios of 0.65g:1kg and 0.75g:1kg, respectively. The fertilizer was dissolved in water and used for irrigation. Watering was also carried out regularly according to soil moisture and seedling growth. The soil moisture content was then maintained at 30-35% of field capacity to allow the seedlings to adapt to drought resistance until the end of the growing season. Finally, in mid-October, the seedlings were coppiced once to a height of 50-55 cm. (6) Seedlings leaving the nursery: a. Timing of seedling removal: Container seedlings should be removed after 140-150 days of growth for autumn afforestation, or removed in early April of the following year for spring afforestation; bare-root seedlings in seedbeds should be removed in early April of the following year for spring afforestation. b. Seedling removal method: For container seedlings, use a shovel to cut the roots outside the container to remove the seedlings and move them to a new location. After cutting the roots, water them thoroughly and remove them from the nursery after 1 week. For bare-root seedlings, water them once 4-5 days before removal and dig them up in the same row. c. Transportation and temporary planting.

2. The method for rapid seedling cultivation of *Trigonella foenum-graecum* seeds in arid regions as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step ④, the biodegradable and non-toxic plastic nutrient pot has a bottom diameter of 20 cm, a mouth diameter of 30 cm, a height of 60 cm, a wall thickness of 0.2 cm, and a drainage hole at the bottom.

Images