Method and apparatus for checking resource pool device

Abstract

A method and device for checking resource pool equipment, the method comprising: based on the interaction protocol of the query interface of each measured device in the resource pool, capturing the interface data of all measured devices in the resource pool; using the interface data, virtualizing the query interface virtual service of each measured device in the resource pool; using the query interface virtual service, providing the query data of each measured device of the resource pool. The method and device for checking resource pool equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application can reduce the dependence of equipment checking on physical equipment and physical links, and reduce the checking time consumed by the response speed of physical equipment and the transmission time consumption of links. In addition, the present application also supports the tracing and checking of past historical data by performing persistent version control on the captured data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of equipment management technology, and specifically to a method and apparatus for inspecting resource pool equipment. Background Technology

[0002] The main equipment in a data center's server room includes various End-of-Row (EOR) switches, Top-of-Rack (TOR) switches, various servers (such as compute servers, management servers, storage servers, security servers, etc.), special-purpose switches (hardware management), routers, firewall devices, etc. One networking configuration for these devices is as follows: all devices are managed through an out-of-band management network, using interactive responses to commands from Redfish, Secure Shell (SSH), Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), and other standard protocols, as well as proprietary RESTful protocols.

[0003] Currently, the management protocols involved in various devices include, but are not limited to: the Redfish protocol, which generally uses a RESTful interface to remotely manage servers and is suitable for cluster management in large data centers; the Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IMPI) protocol, which is also commonly used in server management, but the implementations vary among manufacturers and is only suitable for resource pool verification of the same type of device; and protocols such as SNMP, Network Configuration Protocol (Netconf), and OpenConfig are used in areas such as switch configuration management.

[0004] Typically, most devices (such as servers, switches, routers, firewalls, etc.) have out-of-band management modules that support telnet or ssh connections. Component status can be queried and returned in text format using vendor-specific commands. This is also suitable for verifying resource pools of the same type of device. Private RESTful protocols are also used in some devices, primarily in areas where a unified interface has not yet been established.

[0005] Currently, existing technologies for inspecting equipment in a data center typically require first connecting the device to be inspected into the data center's network to establish a network connection before conducting the inspection. This inspection method relies on physical links and devices, making it susceptible to interference from these physical links and devices, and also results in relatively slow response times. Summary of the Invention

[0006] At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a method and apparatus for inspecting resource pool devices, which can achieve rapid inspection of all devices in the resource pool.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, at least one embodiment provides a method for inspecting a resource pool device, comprising:

[0008] Based on the interaction protocol of the query interface of each device under test in the resource pool, the interface data of all devices under test in the resource pool is captured.

[0009] Using the interface data, the query interface virtual service of each tested device in the resource pool is virtualized;

[0010] The query interface virtual service is used to provide query data for each tested device in the resource pool.

[0011] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the step of capturing interface data of all devices under test in the resource pool includes at least one of the following:

[0012] According to the preset cycle, based on all interaction protocols of the query interface, the interface data of all tested devices in the resource pool is captured in full fields periodically to obtain the first interface data;

[0013] For a specified device under test in the resource pool, perform non-periodic interface data capture to obtain the second interface data.

[0014] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the designated device under test includes at least one of the following:

[0015] By monitoring the out-of-band health of the devices under test in the resource pool, the devices under test that have malfunctioned are identified.

[0016] The devices under test that have undergone firmware upgrades or hardware replacements in the resource pool.

[0017] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, during the non-periodic interface data capture process for a specified device under test in the resource pool:

[0018] If the key fields in the interface data captured this time match the interface data of the same specified device under test captured last time, and the specified device under test has not undergone firmware upgrade or hardware replacement since the last capture, then the subsequent capture of interface data this time will be abandoned, and the interface data of the same specified device under test captured last time will be used as the interface data captured this time.

[0019] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0020] After capturing interface data for any device under test in the resource pool, it is determined whether the currently captured interface data has been updated compared to the previously captured interface data for that device under test. If so, the currently captured interface data is stored and used as the latest version of the interface data for that device under test for version control. In addition, the query interface virtual service of that device under test is notified to launch the latest version of the interface data.

[0021] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the virtualization of the query interface virtual service for each tested device in the resource pool using the interface data includes:

[0022] Using containerization technology, virtual query interface services are created for each device under test in the resource pool. A mapping relationship is established between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test. The virtual query interface service is used to simulate the interaction process of the interaction protocol of the corresponding query interface.

[0023] The interface data is configured to the corresponding query interface virtual service using a message queue.

[0024] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0025] If the interface data of the first device under test is not captured within the preset time, the state of the first device under test will be simulated as a power-off state or an offline state, and the virtual service of the query interface of the first device under test will be set to an unavailable state.

[0026] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, when it is necessary to update the version of the query interface of the device under test, the query interface virtual service is used to verify the version file to be updated. After the verification is passed, the version file to be updated is used to update the version of the query interface of the device under test.

[0027] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, providing query data for each tested device in the resource pool using the query interface virtual service includes:

[0028] Through the service discovery and registration function, the virtual service of the query interface of each device under test is discovered and registered, and a mapping relationship is established between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test.

[0029] When a request to inspect a resource pool device is received, query data for the device under test is provided through the query interface of the device under test or the query interface virtual service.

[0030] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, providing query data for the device under test through the query interface or query interface virtual service of the device under test includes:

[0031] When the load of the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test exceeds the preset threshold, or when the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test is unavailable, the query interface of the device under test is accessed according to the mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test, and the query data of the device under test is obtained. Otherwise, the query data of the device under test is obtained through the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test.

[0032] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0033] A test report is generated based on the query data of each device under test in the resource pool. The test report includes the inspection method of the query data of each device under test, which includes obtaining the data through the query interface virtual server and obtaining the data through the query interface.

[0034] Based on the query data of each tested device in the resource pool, a summary statistical data set for the same device under the same version is generated. Using the summary statistical data set, the virtual service of the query interface that has an error is identified, and the query is re-initiated.

[0035] According to another aspect of the present invention, at least one embodiment provides an inspection apparatus for a resource pool device, comprising:

[0036] The crawling module is used to crawl the interface data of all devices under test in the resource pool based on the interaction protocol of the query interface of each device under test in the resource pool.

[0037] The virtual replica module is used to virtualize the query interface virtual service of each tested device in the resource pool using the interface data.

[0038] The proxy module is used to provide query data for each tested device in the resource pool using the query interface virtual service.

[0039] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the crawling module is also configured to crawl interface data in at least one of the following ways:

[0040] According to the preset cycle, based on all interaction protocols of the query interface, the interface data of all tested devices in the resource pool is captured in full fields periodically to obtain the first interface data;

[0041] For a specified device under test in the resource pool, perform non-periodic interface data capture to obtain the second interface data.

[0042] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the designated device under test includes at least one of the following:

[0043] By monitoring the out-of-band health of the devices under test in the resource pool, the devices under test that have malfunctioned are identified.

[0044] The devices under test that have undergone firmware upgrades or hardware replacements in the resource pool.

[0045] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the capture module is further configured to: during the non-periodic interface data capture process for a specified device under test in the resource pool, if the key field in the interface data captured this time matches the interface data of the specified device under test captured last time, and the specified device under test has not undergone firmware upgrade or hardware replacement since the last capture, then the subsequent capture of the interface data this time is abandoned, and the interface data of the specified device under test captured last time is used as the interface data captured this time.

[0046] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the crawling module is further configured to, after each crawling of interface data of any device under test in the resource pool, determine whether the currently crawled interface data has been updated compared with the previously crawled interface data of the same device under test; if so, store the currently crawled interface data and use it as the latest version of the interface data of the device under test for version control, and notify the query interface virtual service of the device under test to launch the latest version of the interface data.

[0047] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the virtual copy module is also used to create virtual query interface services for each device under test in the resource pool using containerization technology, establish a mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test, wherein the virtual query interface service is used to simulate the interaction process of the interaction protocol of the corresponding query interface; and configure the interface data to the corresponding virtual query interface service using a message queue.

[0048] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the capture module is also used to simulate the state of the first device under test as a power-off state or an offline state when the interface data of the first device under test is not captured after a preset time, and to set the virtual service of the query interface of the first device under test to an unavailable state.

[0049] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the virtual copy module is also used to verify the version file to be updated using the query interface virtual service when it is necessary to update the version of the query interface of the device under test, and after the verification is passed, to update the version of the query interface of the device under test using the version file to be updated.

[0050] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the proxy module is also used to discover and register the query interface virtual service of each device under test through the service discovery and registration function, and establish a mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the query interface virtual service of the device under test; when a request for inspection of the resource pool device is received, the module provides the query data of the device under test through the query interface or the query interface virtual service of the device under test.

[0051] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the proxy module is also configured to, when the load of the query interface virtual service of the device under test exceeds a preset threshold, or when the query interface virtual service of the device under test is unavailable, access the query interface of the device under test according to the mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the query interface virtual service of the device under test, and obtain the query data of the device under test; otherwise, obtain the query data of the device under test through the query interface virtual service of the device under test.

[0052] Furthermore, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0053] The inspection module is used to generate a test report based on the query data of each tested device in the resource pool. The test report includes the inspection methods for the query data of each tested device, including obtaining the data through a query interface virtual service and obtaining the data through a query interface. Based on the query data of each tested device in the resource pool, the module generates summary statistics for the same device under the same version. Using the summary statistics, the module identifies the query interface virtual service where an error occurs and re-initiates the query.

[0054] According to another aspect of the present invention, at least one embodiment provides an inspection apparatus for a resource pool device, including a transceiver and a processor, wherein,

[0055] The transceiver is used to retrieve interface data from all devices under test in the resource pool based on the interaction protocol of the query interfaces of each device under test in the resource pool.

[0056] The processor is used to virtualize the query interface virtual service for each device under test in the resource pool using the interface data; and to provide query data for each device under test in the resource pool using the query interface virtual service.

[0057] According to another aspect of the present invention, at least one embodiment provides an inspection apparatus for a resource pool device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method described above.

[0058] According to another aspect of the present invention, at least one embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described above.

[0059] Compared with existing technologies, the resource pool device inspection method and apparatus provided in this invention can reduce the dependence of device inspection on physical devices and physical links, and reduce the inspection time consumed by the response speed of physical devices and the transmission time of links. In addition, this invention also supports the tracing and viewing of historical data by persistent version control of captured data. Attached Figure Description

[0060] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0061] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for inspecting a resource pool device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 A structural example diagram of an inspection system for a resource pool device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for inspecting resource pool devices according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an inspection device for a resource pool device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 5 This is another structural schematic diagram of the inspection device for the resource pool equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 This is another structural schematic diagram of the inspection device for the resource pool equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0067] Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0068] The terms “first,” “second,” etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus. The terms “and / or” in the specification and claims indicate at least one of the connected objects.

[0069] The following description provides examples and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration set forth in the claims. Changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Various procedures or components may be appropriately omitted, substituted, or added to the examples. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0070] When inspecting equipment in data centers (such as server rooms) using existing technologies, the scope and items typically include:

[0071] 1. Hardware-related items to be checked, including but not limited to the following:

[0072] The server's overall model number, serial number (SN) of the entire machine, serial numbers of each component, as well as the manufacturer, detailed parameters, and quantity, such as CPU model / frequency / number of cores / operating mode, memory capacity, frequency and quantity, network card speed / quantity / type, hard drive type / capacity / RPM / RAID information, PCI devices (GPU, FPGA, etc.), and other components such as power supplies and fans;

[0073] Switch hardware model, overall serial number (SN), component types such as processor, fan, board model / quantity / each SN, all network port information / optical module information.

[0074] 2. Check software and pre-configured items, including but not limited to the following:

[0075] Pre-installed username, password, device name, and OS version;

[0076] The server's BIOS version, BMC version, RAID card version, and the factory configuration values ​​for various standard services, such as PXE and DHCP;

[0077] Switch operating system version, default enabled services (TFTP, SSH, Telnet).

[0078] 3. Check the operating data, including but not limited to the following items: system startup / running time, component temperature, equipment failure, alarm information, and the name or network address of externally connected devices;

[0079] 4. Agreement-related checks, including but not limited to the following items:

[0080] Does it conform to the specifications of Redfish / SSH / Telnet / SNMP?

[0081] Does the relevant authentication process meet security requirements?

[0082] Existing technologies for inspecting devices in resource pools are time-consuming. Each inspection requires traversing network switching devices, and multiple periodic inspections also require passing through these intermediate network devices. Therefore, any device problems along the path can hinder the inspection process. For example, during the construction phase of a data center or the equipment commissioning and maintenance phase, device unreachability issues are quite common.

[0083] Furthermore, the objects being inspected are physical devices, which can also become temporarily unavailable or inaccessible due to on-site construction, maintenance, and other reasons. Additionally, there is a lack of data tracking and management regarding equipment replacement and upgrades.

[0084] Therefore, existing inspection methods suffer from problems such as reliance on physical links and devices and lack of historical data tracking. On the one hand, these inspection methods require all relevant devices to be in a basically healthy state at present; on the other hand, when performing periodic, repetitive checks, the response speed of physical devices and the latency on the link consume a significant amount of time.

[0085] To address at least one of the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for inspecting resource pool devices, which can reduce dependence on physical links and physical devices and enable rapid inspection of all devices in the resource pool.

[0086] Please refer to Figure 1The present invention provides a method for inspecting a resource pool device, comprising:

[0087] Step 11: Based on the interaction protocol of the query interface of each device under test in the resource pool, capture the interface data of all devices under test in the resource pool.

[0088] Specifically, embodiments of the present invention can capture interface data using at least one of the following two methods:

[0089] a) According to the preset period, based on all interaction protocols of the query interface, periodically capture all fields of interface data of all tested devices in the resource pool to obtain the first interface data.

[0090] Here, in this embodiment of the invention, based on all the interface protocols used by the devices in the resource pool, the full field capture of protocols such as Redfish / IMPI / SSH commands / SNMP / proprietary RESTful can be performed on all devices in the entire resource pool on a regular basis, and the capture data can be stored persistently and version controlled. That is, the first interface data captured is saved and version controlled. After each of the above capture operations, the current first interface data and its version information are updated.

[0091] b) For the specified device under test in the resource pool, perform non-periodic interface data capture to obtain the second interface data.

[0092] Here, the designated device under test includes at least one of the following: devices under test that have experienced anomalies identified through out-of-band health monitoring of devices under test in the resource pool; devices under test in the resource pool that have undergone firmware upgrades or hardware replacements. Through the above method, embodiments of the present invention can perform targeted supplementary capture of periodic captures and update the current first interface data and its version information based on the captured second interface data.

[0093] In addition, to improve capture efficiency, during the non-periodic capture of interface data for a specified device under test in the resource pool, if the key fields in the captured interface data match the previously captured interface data of the same specified device under test, and the specified device under test has not undergone firmware upgrades or hardware replacements since the previous capture, then the subsequent capture of the interface data for this capture will be abandoned, and the previously captured interface data of the same specified device under test will be used as the interface data for this capture.

[0094] Step 12: Using the interface data, virtualize the query interface virtual service for each device under test in the resource pool.

[0095] Here, this embodiment of the invention can use containerization technology to create virtual query interface services for each device under test in the resource pool, establishing a mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test. The virtual query interface service is used to simulate the interaction flow of the corresponding query interface's interaction protocol. Then, a message queue is used to configure the interface data to the corresponding virtual query interface service.

[0096] Step 13: Utilize the query interface virtual service to provide query data for each tested device in the resource pool.

[0097] Here, embodiments of the present invention can discover and register the virtual query interface services of each device under test through service discovery and registration functions, and establish a mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test. When a request to check a resource pool device is received, the query data of the device under test is provided through the query interface or the virtual query interface service of the device under test.

[0098] Through the above steps, this embodiment of the invention utilizes the captured interface data to virtualize the query interface virtual service for each tested device in the resource pool. This virtual query interface service provides query data for each tested device in the resource pool, thereby reducing the dependence of device checks on physical devices and physical links, and reducing the check time consumed by the response speed of physical devices and the transmission time of links. For example, when the device executing the check method of this embodiment is deployed on the same device as the query interface virtual service, the speed of each round of checks can be greatly improved, and the check time can be reduced.

[0099] During the interface data capture process in step 11 above, after capturing the interface data of any device under test in the resource pool, it can be determined whether the currently captured interface data has been updated compared with the previously captured interface data of the same device under test. If so, the currently captured interface data is stored and used as the latest version of the interface data of the device under test for version control. In addition, the query interface virtual service of the device under test is notified to launch the latest version of the interface data.

[0100] In addition, if the interface data of a device under test (let's say the first device under test) is not captured within a preset time, the state of the first device under test will be simulated as a power-off state or an offline state, and the virtual service of the query interface of the first device under test will be set to an unavailable state, so that the virtual service of the query interface is consistent with the actual state of the device under test.

[0101] In this embodiment of the invention, when it is necessary to update the version of the query interface of the device under test, the query interface virtual service is used to verify the version file to be updated. After the verification is successful, the version file to be updated is used to update the version of the query interface of the device under test, thereby improving the success rate of query interface version updates and reducing the occurrence of abnormal situations.

[0102] In practical applications, embodiments of the present invention can determine whether to provide query services through the virtual query interface service or the actual query interface of the device under test, depending on the specific scenario. For example, when the load of the virtual query interface service of the device under test exceeds a preset threshold, or when the virtual query interface service of the device under test is unavailable, the query interface of the device under test can be accessed and the query data of the device under test can be obtained based on the mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test. Otherwise, the query data of the device under test can be obtained through the virtual query interface service of the device under test.

[0103] After obtaining the query data, this embodiment of the invention can further generate a test report based on the query data of each tested device in the resource pool. The test report includes the checking methods for the query data of each tested device, including obtaining it through a query interface virtual service and obtaining it through a query interface. Alternatively, based on the query data of each tested device in the resource pool, a summary statistical data set for the same device under the same version can be generated. Using this summary statistical data, the query interface virtual service that caused the error can be identified, and the query can be re-initiated. Furthermore, when re-initiating the query, the query interface corresponding to the erroneous query interface virtual service can be determined based on the mapping relationship between the query interface address and the query interface virtual service address. Then, this query interface can be accessed to perform the query, thereby obtaining relevant data through querying the query interface of the physical device.

[0104] As can be seen, this embodiment of the invention targets the external interfaces of the device under test, capturing basic query interfaces of the device (server, switch, etc.) for various interaction protocols (Redfish, SSH, SNMP, Netconf, etc.) without constructing the actual functions of the device, making it simple to implement. Simultaneously, the captured results are persistently saved in chronological order according to baseline data (periodically captured data) and specific data (non-periodic captured data), achieving traceability, auditability, and backtracking of interface data (hardware information, configuration, etc.). This embodiment of the invention, by containerizing and virtualizing the query interfaces, decouples the inspection and acceptance system from physical links and physical devices. Within a single system, it completes the twin construction of the aforementioned interface services for all data center devices, achieving rapid inspection of all devices in the entire resource pool through virtual IPs and virtual services.

[0105] The above method will be further illustrated with a more specific example below.

[0106] This example provides a resource pool device inspection system. Deployed within the acceptance testing equipment, the system connects to various management devices within the resource pool via a resource pool management network. Its primary function is to collect interface data from various types of equipment involved in the acceptance testing. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a capture module, a virtual copy module, a proxy module, and an inspection module, wherein:

[0107] The data capture module automatically and periodically captures all fields of data from Redfish / IMPI / SSH commands / SNMP / custom RESTful APIs across the entire pool and all devices, and performs persistent storage and version control.

[0108] 1) Automatically perform out-of-band health checks on all devices in the resource pool and initiate a re-capture for any abnormalities (which may be due to temporary power-on or power-off of the relevant devices).

[0109] 2) If the device is unresponsive for an extended period of time, notify the virtual copy module to "power off / offline" the simulated device.

[0110] 3) When performing targeted re-capture, if the key fields (such as BMC version, firmware version, component SN, MAC, etc. of the server / switch) are the same, it indicates that the device firmware has not been upgraded and no parts have been replaced. In this case, subsequent capture can be abandoned.

[0111] 4) When performing periodic data capture, perform full data capture and full field capture, especially alarm and security data, to reflect the latest real status of physical devices.

[0112] 5) Whether it is a periodic or temporary fetch, it is necessary to detect whether the data has changed, and the data needs to be retained to the storage device and version controlled. In addition, the virtual copy module should be notified to launch the new version.

[0113] Virtual replica module: Starts server services that cache redfish / ipmitcp / sshd / webservice for servers in the resource pool. The main consideration is to use containerization technology: a private IP pool and a large number of instances.

[0114] 1) The creation of images and the mounting of replica configurations (data fetching in the previous step) involved in virtualization and containerization can be achieved by using a message queue notification mechanism to trigger subsequent operations without manual intervention.

[0115] 2) Simulate the interaction process of redfish / ipmitcp / sshd / snmp / restful to the greatest extent possible, including authentication and access tokens.

[0116] 3) If the equipment manufacturer provides a new version of redfish / ipmicp / sshd / snmp / webservice implementation, it can be placed in this module first, and after basic verification is completed, the physical device can be upgraded.

[0117] 4) Provide the mapping relationship between the actual device service address and the corresponding virtual copy service address, and notify the agent module.

[0118] Proxy module: It can be implemented through physical devices EOR / TOR, or through a combination of hardware and software, or purely software, to achieve more dynamic and flexible proxy services.

[0119] 1) Provides service registration and service discovery functions, and automatically completes the mapping between virtual copy instances and physical devices.

[0120] 2) As a gateway for the virtual replica module, it guides the detection module, accesses replica instances, or directly connects to the actual device.

[0121] 3) When the virtual replica module is overloaded, a temporary bypass solution can be implemented by combining it with EOR routing configuration, allowing direct access to physical devices.

[0122] Inspection module:

[0123] 1) If it is co-located with the virtual copy module on the same device, the speed of each round of checks can be greatly improved.

[0124] 2) Provides real-time test reports and can also mark whether the check was completed through a virtual copy or through a direct connection to the physical server.

[0125] 3) Provide aggregated statistical data for the same device and version, initiate retests for false alarms, and predict the pass rate.

[0126] 4) The inspection module can also be an external system. Thanks to the virtual copy module, which simulates physical devices to the greatest extent, the original detection methods and interaction processes can remain unchanged.

[0127] A typical usage flow of the above system is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0128] 301-303, by starting periodic automatic capture, and performing persistent processing and version control on the captured interface data, in addition, using the interface data, virtualize the query interface virtual service of each tested device in the resource pool, and create a virtual copy of the query interface virtual service.

[0129] 304. When initiating a check on the resource pool device, determine whether the virtual copy is available. If it is available, proceed to step 307; otherwise, proceed to step 305.

[0130] 305-306, access the actual query interface through EOR / TOR to obtain the query data returned by the physical server.

[0131] 307-308 provide query services through virtual copies and return query data.

[0132] As can be seen, this embodiment of the invention utilizes technologies such as containers, virtual machines, and internal gateways to achieve virtualized twin construction of the device under test. Persistent version control is achieved by capturing the external interfaces of the device under test. Furthermore, because virtualization creates a virtual copy (which can also be considered a digital twin) of the device management module, all devices in the resource pool can exist within a single device, freeing them from the limitations of the original physical management network and physical devices. This eliminates latency on network paths and device interfaces, significantly improving acceptance testing efficiency. Additionally, this embodiment of the invention implements persistent version control for the captured data, allowing for the tracing and review of historical data.

[0133] Please refer to Figure 4 This invention provides an inspection device for a resource pool device, comprising:

[0134] The crawling module 41 is used to crawl the interface data of all devices under test in the resource pool based on the interaction protocol of the query interface of each device under test in the resource pool.

[0135] Virtual replica module 42 is used to virtualize the query interface virtual service of each tested device in the resource pool using the interface data;

[0136] The proxy module 43 is used to provide query data for each tested device in the resource pool by utilizing the query interface virtual service.

[0137] Optionally, the crawling module is further configured to crawl interface data in at least one of the following ways:

[0138] According to the preset cycle, based on all interaction protocols of the query interface, the interface data of all tested devices in the resource pool is captured in full fields periodically to obtain the first interface data;

[0139] For a specified device under test in the resource pool, perform non-periodic interface data capture to obtain the second interface data.

[0140] Optionally, the designated device under test includes at least one of the following:

[0141] By monitoring the out-of-band health of the devices under test in the resource pool, the devices under test that have malfunctioned are identified.

[0142] The devices under test that have undergone firmware upgrades or hardware replacements in the resource pool.

[0143] Optionally, the capture module is further configured to, during the non-periodic interface data capture process for a specified device under test in the resource pool: if the key fields in the currently captured interface data match the interface data of the specified device under test captured previously, and the specified device under test has not undergone firmware upgrades or hardware replacements since the previous capture, then the subsequent capture of the current interface data is abandoned, and the interface data of the specified device under test captured previously is used as the interface data captured this time.

[0144] Optionally, the crawling module is further configured to, after each crawling of interface data of any device under test in the resource pool, determine whether the currently crawled interface data has been updated compared with the previously crawled interface data of the same device under test. If so, it stores the currently crawled interface data and uses it as the latest version of the interface data of the device under test for version control, and notifies the query interface virtual service of the device under test to launch the latest version of the interface data.

[0145] Optionally, the virtual replica module is further configured to use containerization technology to create virtual query interface services for each device under test in the resource pool, establish a mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test, wherein the virtual query interface service is used to simulate the interaction process of the interaction protocol of the corresponding query interface; and configure the interface data to the corresponding virtual query interface service using a message queue.

[0146] Optionally, the capture module is further configured to simulate the state of the first device under test as powered off or offline when it fails to capture the interface data of the first device under test within a preset time, and set the virtual service of the query interface of the first device under test to be unavailable.

[0147] Optionally, the virtual copy module is also used to verify the version file to be updated using the query interface virtual service when it is necessary to update the version of the query interface of the device under test. After the verification is successful, the version file to be updated is used to update the version of the query interface of the device under test.

[0148] Optionally, the proxy module is further configured to discover and register the query interface virtual services of each device under test through the service discovery and registration function, and establish a mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the query interface virtual service of the device under test; when a request for inspection of a resource pool device is received, the module provides query data of the device under test through the query interface or query interface virtual service of the device under test.

[0149] Optionally, the proxy module is further configured to, when the load of the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test exceeds a preset threshold, or when the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test is unavailable, access the query interface of the device under test according to the mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test, and obtain the query data of the device under test; otherwise, obtain the query data of the device under test through the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test.

[0150] Please refer to Figure 5 The inspection device for resource pool equipment provided in this embodiment of the invention includes, in addition to, Figure 4 In addition to the existing modules, it also includes:

[0151] The inspection module 44 is used to generate a test report based on the query data of each tested device in the resource pool. The test report includes the inspection method of the query data of each tested device, including obtaining it through the query interface virtual service and obtaining it through the query interface. Based on the query data of each tested device in the resource pool, it generates summary statistics for the same device under the same version. Using the summary statistics, it identifies the query interface virtual service that has an error and re-initiates the query.

[0152] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is the same as the one described above. Figure 1 The devices corresponding to the methods shown are all applicable to the embodiments of the above-described devices, and can achieve the same technical effects. The devices provided by the embodiments of the present invention can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-described method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects. Therefore, the parts that are the same as those in the method embodiments and the beneficial effects will not be described in detail here.

[0153] Please refer to Figure 6 Another schematic diagram of the inspection device for the resource pool device provided in this embodiment of the invention includes: a processor 601, a transceiver 602, a memory 603, a user interface 604, and a bus interface.

[0154] In this embodiment of the invention, the terminal further includes a program stored on memory 603 and executable on processor 601.

[0155] When the processor 601 executes the program, it performs the following steps:

[0156] Based on the interaction protocol of the query interface of each device under test in the resource pool, the interface data of all devices under test in the resource pool is captured.

[0157] Using the interface data, the query interface virtual service of each tested device in the resource pool is virtualized;

[0158] The query interface virtual service is used to provide query data for each tested device in the resource pool.

[0159] Optionally, the step of capturing interface data from all devices under test in the resource pool includes at least one of the following:

[0160] According to the preset cycle, based on all interaction protocols of the query interface, the interface data of all tested devices in the resource pool is captured in full fields periodically to obtain the first interface data;

[0161] For a specified device under test in the resource pool, perform non-periodic interface data capture to obtain the second interface data.

[0162] Optionally, the designated device under test includes at least one of the following:

[0163] By monitoring the out-of-band health of the devices under test in the resource pool, the devices under test that have malfunctioned are identified.

[0164] The devices under test that have undergone firmware upgrades or hardware replacements in the resource pool.

[0165] Optionally, when the processor executes the program, it further implements the following steps:

[0166] During the non-periodic interface data capture process for a specified device under test in the resource pool:

[0167] If the key fields in the interface data captured this time match the interface data of the same specified device under test captured last time, and the specified device under test has not undergone firmware upgrade or hardware replacement since the last capture, then the subsequent capture of interface data this time will be abandoned, and the interface data of the same specified device under test captured last time will be used as the interface data captured this time.

[0168] Optionally, when the processor executes the program, it further implements the following steps:

[0169] After capturing interface data for any device under test in the resource pool, it is determined whether the currently captured interface data has been updated compared to the previously captured interface data for that device under test. If so, the currently captured interface data is stored and used as the latest version of the interface data for that device under test for version control. In addition, the query interface virtual service of that device under test is notified to launch the latest version of the interface data.

[0170] Optionally, when the processor executes the program, it further implements the following steps:

[0171] Using containerization technology, virtual query interface services are created for each device under test in the resource pool. A mapping relationship is established between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test. The virtual query interface service is used to simulate the interaction process of the interaction protocol of the corresponding query interface.

[0172] The interface data is configured to the corresponding query interface virtual service using a message queue.

[0173] Optionally, when the processor executes the program, it further implements the following steps:

[0174] If the interface data of the first device under test is not captured within the preset time, the state of the first device under test will be simulated as a power-off state or an offline state, and the virtual service of the query interface of the first device under test will be set to an unavailable state.

[0175] Optionally, when the processor executes the program, it further implements the following steps:

[0176] When it is necessary to update the version of the query interface of the device under test, the query interface virtual service is used to verify the version file to be updated. After the verification is successful, the version file to be updated is used to update the version of the query interface of the device under test.

[0177] Optionally, when the processor executes the program, it further implements the following steps:

[0178] Through the service discovery and registration function, the virtual service of the query interface of each device under test is discovered and registered, and a mapping relationship is established between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test.

[0179] When a request to inspect a resource pool device is received, query data for the device under test is provided through the query interface of the device under test or the query interface virtual service.

[0180] Optionally, when the processor executes the program, it further implements the following steps:

[0181] When the load of the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test exceeds the preset threshold, or when the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test is unavailable, the query interface of the device under test is accessed according to the mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test, and the query data of the device under test is obtained. Otherwise, the query data of the device under test is obtained through the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test.

[0182] Optionally, when the processor executes the program, it further implements the following steps:

[0183] A test report is generated based on the query data of each device under test in the resource pool. The test report includes the inspection method of the query data of each device under test, which includes obtaining the data through the query interface virtual server and obtaining the data through the query interface.

[0184] Based on the query data of each tested device in the resource pool, a summary statistical data set for the same device under the same version is generated. Using the summary statistical data set, the virtual service of the query interface that has an error is identified, and the query is re-initiated.

[0185] Understandably, in this embodiment of the invention, the computer program executed by the processor 601 can achieve the above-mentioned functions. Figure 1 The various processes of the method embodiments shown can achieve the same technical effect, and will not be described again here to avoid repetition.

[0186] exist Figure 6 In this context, the bus architecture can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking various circuits together, represented by one or more processors (processor 601) and memory (memory 603). The bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further herein. The bus interface provides an interface. The transceiver 602 can be multiple elements, including transmitters and receivers, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. For different user equipment, the user interface 604 can also be an interface capable of connecting external or internal devices, including but not limited to keypads, displays, speakers, microphones, joysticks, etc.

[0187] The processor 601 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, while the memory 603 can store the data used by the processor 601 when performing operations.

[0188] It should be noted that the device in this embodiment is the same as the one described above. Figure 1The device corresponding to the method shown above is applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effect. In this device, the transceiver 602 and the memory 603, as well as the transceiver 602 and the processor 601, can be connected via a bus interface. The functions of the processor 601 can also be implemented by the transceiver 602, and vice versa. It should be noted that the device provided in this embodiment can implement all the method steps of the above method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. Therefore, the parts and beneficial effects that are the same as those in the method embodiments will not be described in detail here.

[0189] In some embodiments of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0190] Based on the interaction protocol of the query interface of each device under test in the resource pool, the interface data of all devices under test in the resource pool is captured.

[0191] Using the interface data, the query interface virtual service of each tested device in the resource pool is virtualized;

[0192] The query interface virtual service is used to provide query data for each tested device in the resource pool.

[0193] When executed by the processor, this program can implement all the methods of checking the resource pool devices mentioned above and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0194] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0195] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0196] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0197] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention, depending on actual needs.

[0198] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0199] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0200] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for inspecting a resource pool device, characterized in that, include: Based on the interaction protocol of the query interface of each device under test in the resource pool, the interface data of all devices under test in the resource pool is captured. Using the interface data, the query interface virtual service of each tested device in the resource pool is virtualized; The query interface virtual service is used to provide query data for each tested device in the resource pool; The provision of query data for each device under test in the resource pool using the query interface virtual service includes: when a request to inspect a device in the resource pool is received, providing query data for the device under test through the query interface of the device under test or the query interface virtual service. The provision of query data for the device under test through its query interface or virtual query interface service includes: when the load of the virtual query interface service of the device under test exceeds a preset threshold, or when the virtual query interface service of the device under test is unavailable, accessing the query interface of the device under test according to the mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test, and obtaining the query data of the device under test; otherwise, obtaining the query data of the device under test through the virtual query interface service of the device under test.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of capturing interface data from all tested devices in the resource pool includes at least one of the following: According to the preset cycle, based on all interaction protocols of the query interface, the interface data of all tested devices in the resource pool is captured in full fields periodically to obtain the first interface data; For a specified device under test in the resource pool, perform non-periodic interface data capture to obtain the second interface data.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The specified device under test includes at least one of the following: By monitoring the out-of-band health of the devices under test in the resource pool, the devices under test that have malfunctioned are identified. The devices under test that have undergone firmware upgrades or hardware replacements in the resource pool.

4. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, During the non-periodic interface data capture process for a specified device under test in the resource pool: If the key fields in the interface data captured this time match the interface data of the same specified device under test captured last time, and the specified device under test has not undergone firmware upgrade or hardware replacement since the last capture, then the subsequent capture of interface data this time will be abandoned, and the interface data of the same specified device under test captured last time will be used as the interface data captured this time.

5. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: After capturing interface data for any device under test in the resource pool, it is determined whether the currently captured interface data has been updated compared to the previously captured interface data for that device under test. If so, the currently captured interface data is stored and used as the latest version of the interface data for that device under test for version control. In addition, the query interface virtual service of that device under test is notified to launch the latest version of the interface data.

6. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The virtualization of the query interface virtual service for each tested device in the resource pool using the interface data includes: Using containerization technology, virtual query interface services are created for each device under test in the resource pool. A mapping relationship is established between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test. The virtual query interface service is used to simulate the interaction process of the interaction protocol of the corresponding query interface. The interface data is configured to the corresponding query interface virtual service using a message queue.

7. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: If the interface data of the first device under test is not captured within the preset time, the state of the first device under test will be simulated as a power-off state or an offline state, and the virtual service of the query interface of the first device under test will be set to an unavailable state.

8. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When it is necessary to update the version of the query interface of the device under test, the query interface virtual service is used to verify the version file to be updated. After the verification is successful, the version file to be updated is used to update the version of the query interface of the device under test.

9. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The provision of query data for each tested device in the resource pool using the query interface virtual service also includes: Through the service discovery and registration function, the virtual query interface services of each device under test are discovered and registered, and a mapping relationship is established between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test.

10. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A test report is generated based on the query data of each device under test in the resource pool. The test report includes the inspection method of the query data of each device under test, which includes obtaining the data through the query interface virtual server and obtaining the data through the query interface. Based on the query data of each tested device in the resource pool, a summary statistical data set for the same device under the same version is generated. Using the summary statistical data set, the virtual service of the query interface that has an error is identified, and the query is re-initiated.

11. An inspection device for a resource pool device, characterized in that, include: The crawling module is used to crawl the interface data of all devices under test in the resource pool based on the interaction protocol of the query interface of each device under test in the resource pool. The virtual replica module is used to virtualize the query interface virtual service of each tested device in the resource pool using the interface data. The proxy module is used to provide query data for each tested device in the resource pool by utilizing the query interface virtual service. The proxy module is also used to provide query data of the device under test through the query interface or query interface virtual service of the device under test when a request for inspection of the resource pool device is received. The proxy module is further configured to access the query interface of the device under test and obtain the query data of the device under test according to the mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the query interface virtual service of the device under test when the load of the query interface virtual service of the device under test exceeds a preset threshold or the query interface virtual service of the device under test is unavailable; otherwise, it obtains the query data of the device under test through the query interface virtual service of the device under test.

12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The crawling module is also used to crawl interface data in at least one of the following ways: According to the preset cycle, based on all interaction protocols of the query interface, the interface data of all tested devices in the resource pool is captured in full fields periodically to obtain the first interface data; For a specified device under test in the resource pool, perform non-periodic interface data capture to obtain the second interface data.

13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The specified device under test includes at least one of the following: By monitoring the out-of-band health of the devices under test in the resource pool, the devices under test that have malfunctioned are identified. The devices under test that have undergone firmware upgrades or hardware replacements in the resource pool.

14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The capture module is further configured to, during the non-periodic interface data capture process for a specified device under test in the resource pool: if the key fields in the currently captured interface data match the previously captured interface data of the specified device under test, and the specified device under test has not undergone firmware upgrades or hardware replacements since the previous capture, then the subsequent capture of the current interface data is abandoned, and the previously captured interface data of the specified device under test is used as the interface data captured this time.

15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The crawling module is further configured to, after crawling the interface data of any device under test in the resource pool, determine whether the currently crawled interface data has been updated compared with the previously crawled interface data of the same device under test. If so, it stores the currently crawled interface data and uses it as the latest version of the interface data of the device under test for version control, and notifies the query interface virtual service of the device under test to launch the latest version of the interface data.

16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The virtual replica module is also used to create virtual query interface services for each device under test in the resource pool using containerization technology, and to establish a mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test. The virtual query interface service is used to simulate the interaction process of the interaction protocol of the corresponding query interface; and to configure the interface data to the corresponding virtual query interface service using a message queue.

17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The capture module is also used to simulate the state of the first device under test as a power-off state or an offline state when it fails to capture the interface data of the first device under test for a preset time, and to set the virtual service of the query interface of the first device under test to an unavailable state.

18. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The virtual copy module is also used to verify the version file to be updated using the query interface virtual service when it is necessary to update the version of the query interface of the device under test. After the verification is successful, the version file to be updated is used to update the version of the query interface of the device under test.

19. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The proxy module is also used to discover and register the virtual query interface services of each device under test through the service discovery and registration function, and to establish a mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual query interface service of the device under test.

20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, Also includes: The inspection module is used to generate a test report based on the query data of each tested device in the resource pool. The test report includes the inspection methods for the query data of each tested device, including obtaining the data through a query interface virtual service and obtaining the data through a query interface. Based on the query data of each tested device in the resource pool, the module generates summary statistics for the same device under the same version. Using the summary statistics, the module identifies the query interface virtual service where an error occurs and re-initiates the query.

21. An inspection device for a resource pool device, characterized in that, Includes transceivers and processors, among which, The transceiver is used to retrieve interface data of all devices under test in the resource pool based on the interaction protocol of the query interfaces of each device under test in the resource pool. The processor is used to virtualize the query interface virtual service for each device under test in the resource pool using the interface data; and to provide query data for each device under test in the resource pool using the query interface virtual service. The processor is also configured to, when receiving an inspection request for a resource pool device, provide query data for the device under test through the query interface or query interface virtual service of the device under test; The processor is further configured to, when the load of the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test exceeds a preset threshold, or when the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test is unavailable, access the query interface of the device under test according to the mapping relationship between the address of the query interface of the device under test and the address of the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test, and obtain the query data of the device under test; otherwise, obtain the query data of the device under test through the virtual service of the query interface of the device under test.

22. An inspection device for a resource pool device, characterized in that, include: A processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

23. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

Images