Wireless communication method and wireless system

Abstract

The application provides a wireless communication method and a wireless system. The wireless communication method is used for communication between a wireless device and a user equipment, comprising: transmitting, at the UE, a first radio frequency (RF) signal on a first RF time-frequency resource, wherein the first RF signal carries user data to be transmitted to a base station; receiving, at the wireless device, the first RF signal on the first RF time-frequency resource; and transmitting, at the wireless device, a second RF signal to the base station on a second RF time-frequency resource, the second RF signal carrying the user data. The wireless communication method and the wireless system of the application can improve transmission reliability.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to communication systems, and more specifically, to techniques for enhancing the transmission reliability of user equipment with limited transmission capacity in a distributed system. [Background Technology]

[0002] The statements in this section provide only background information in connection with this disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple-access technologies that enable communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol enabling different wireless devices to communicate at the municipal, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the Continuous Evolution of Mobile Broadband program issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), designed to meet new requirements related to latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. 5G NR technology requires further improvements. These improvements may also apply to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that adopt them. [Summary of the Invention]

[0005] The following overview is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, it is provided to introduce the concepts, key points, benefits, and advantages of the novel and progressive techniques described herein. The alternative implementations are further described in the detailed description below. Therefore, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to define the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a wireless communication method is provided for communication between a wireless device and a user equipment, comprising: transmitting a first RF signal on a first radio frequency (RF) time-frequency resource at the UE, wherein the first RF signal carries user data to be transmitted to a base station; receiving the first RF signal on the first RF time-frequency resource at the wireless device; and transmitting a second RF signal to the base station on a second RF time-frequency resource at the wireless device, wherein the second RF signal carries user data.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a wireless communication method is provided, comprising: receiving a first radio frequency (RF) signal on a first radio frequency time-frequency resource, the first RF signal carrying data from a user equipment (UE); receiving a second RF signal on a second RF time-frequency resource, the second RF signal carrying data from the UE; obtaining a first baseband signal from the first RF signal; obtaining a second baseband signal from the second RF signal; and decoding at least one of the first baseband signal and the second baseband signal to obtain data from the UE.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a wireless system is provided, comprising: a wireless device and a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE includes: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: transmit a first RF signal at the UE on a first radio frequency (RF) time-frequency resource, wherein the first RF signal carries user data to be transmitted to a base station; wherein the wireless device includes: the memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: receive the first RF signal at the wireless device on the first RF time-frequency resource; and transmit a second RF signal at the wireless device to the base station on a second RF time-frequency resource, wherein the second RF signal carries user data.

[0009] The wireless communication method and wireless system of the present invention can improve transmission reliability. [Attached Image Description]

[0010] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of this disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, as some components may be shown out of proportion to actual dimensions in order to clearly illustrate the concepts of the disclosure.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a base station that communicates with the UE in the access network.

[0013] Figure 3An example logical architecture of a distributed RAN according to aspects of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0014] Figure 4 An example physical architecture of a distributed RAN according to aspects of this disclosure is described.

[0015] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a DL-centric slot.

[0016] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing an example of a time slot centered on UL.

[0017] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing an aggregation of wireless devices.

[0018] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating the first technology for enhancing reliability.

[0019] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating the second technology for enhancing reliability.

[0020] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the method (processing) for sending uplink data.

[0021] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a method (process) for receiving uplink data.

[0022] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device employing a processing system.

[0023] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device employing a processing system.

[0024] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device employing a processing system.

Detailed Implementation Methods

[0025] The following description represents the best mode for carrying out the invention. This description is intended to illustrate the general principles of the invention and should not be construed as limiting. The scope of the invention is determined by reference to the appended claims.

[0026] This document discloses detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matter. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matter, which can be embodied in various forms. This disclosure can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limiting to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that the description of this disclosure is thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the following description, details of well-known features and technologies may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations.

[0027] The detailed description below, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, is intended as a description of various configurations and not as representing the only configuration in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details intended to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid confusion with these concepts.

[0028] Several aspects of a telecommunications system will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods will be described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, “elements”). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0029] For example, an element, any part of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system-on-a-chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Software should be interpreted broadly as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software components, application programs, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referring to software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or others.

[0030] Therefore, in one or more example aspects, the described functionality can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, these functions can be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media can be any available medium that is accessible to a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of computer-readable media of the types described above, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of computer-accessible instructions or data structures.

[0031] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates an example of a wireless communication system and access network 100. The wireless communication system (also known as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes base station 102, UE 104, Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G core (5GC)). Base station 102 may include macrocells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Macrocells include base stations. Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.

[0032] Base station 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) can interface with EPC 160 via backhaul links 132 (e.g., SI interface). Base station 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can interface with core network 190 via backhaul links 184. Among other functions, base station 102 can perform one or more of the following functions: user data transmission, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, non-access stratum (NAS) message distribution, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), user and device tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and warning message delivery. Base stations 102 can communicate directly or indirectly with each other via backhaul link 134 (e.g., X2 interface) (e.g., via EPC 160 or core network 190). Backhaul link 134 can be wired or wireless.

[0033] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. Overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 may exist. For example, a small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network that includes small cells and macro cells can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node B (eNB, abbreviated as HeNB), which can provide services to restricted groups (referred to as closed subscriber groups, abbreviated as CSG)). The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. Communication link 120 may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may use one or more carriers. Base station 102 / UE 104 may use spectrum (x component carriers) of up to X MHz bandwidth (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400 MHz, etc.) allocated per carrier in a total carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz for transmission in each direction. Carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other. For DL ​​and UL, carrier allocation may be asymmetrical (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL than to UL). Component carriers may include primary component carriers and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as the primary cell (PCell), while the secondary component carriers may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells).

[0034] Some UEs 104 can communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158. D2D communication links 158 can use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. D2D communication links 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as the physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), physical sidelink share channel (PSSCH), and physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be achieved through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0035] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in the 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the STA 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) before communication to determine if the channel is available.

[0036] Small cell 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell 102' can employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as Wi-Fi AP 150. Small cell 102' employing NR in unlicensed spectrum can extend the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0037] Base station 102, whether a small cell 102' or a large cell (e.g., a macro base station), can include eNB, gNodeB (gNB), or other types of base stations. Some base stations, such as gNB 180, can operate in the conventional sub-6 GHz spectrum, millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies, and / or near-mmW frequencies when communicating with UE 104. When gNB 180 operates in mmW or near-mmW frequencies, gNB 180 can be referred to as an mmW base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF ranges from 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band can be referred to as millimeter waves. Near millimeter waves (Near mmW) can extend down to frequencies of 3 GHz with wavelengths of 100 mm. The ultra-high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz and is also known as centimeter waves. Communication using millimeter-wave / near-millimeter-wave radio frequency bands (e.g., 3 GHz–300 GHz) suffers from extremely high path loss and short range. The mmW base station 180 can use beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range.

[0038] Base station 180 can transmit beamformed signals to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 108a. UE 104 can receive beamformed signals from base station 180 in one or more receive directions 108b. UE 104 can also transmit beamformed signals to base station 180 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 180 can receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 180 / UE 104 can perform beam training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for base station 180 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions of base station 180 can be the same or different. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 can be the same or different.

[0039] EPC 160 may include Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, Serving Gateway 166, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. MME 162 can communicate with Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and EPC 160. Typically, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through Serving Gateway 166, which is itself connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Service 176. IP service 176 may include the Internet, intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), PS Streaming Service, and / or other IP services. BM-SC 170 can provide functionality for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. BM-SC 170 can serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), and schedule MBMS transmissions. MBMS gateway 168 can be used to distribute MBMS services to base station 102 within a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area belonging to a broadcast-specific service, and can be responsible for session management (start / stop) and collecting billing information related to eMBMS.

[0040] The core network 190 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Location Management Function (LMF) 198, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may communicate with the Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is the control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 190. Typically, the SMF 194 provides QoS streaming and session management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The UPF 195 connects to an IP service 197. The IP service 197 may include the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), PS streaming services, and / or other IP services.

[0041] A base station may also be referred to as a gNB, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), access point, base transceiver, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, Basic Services Set (BSS), Extended Services Set (ESS), Transmitter Receiver Point (TRP), or some other suitable terminology. Base station 102 provides UE 104 with access to EPC 160 or core network 190. Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smartphones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, GPS devices, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional devices. Some of UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking timers, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, mobile phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term.

[0042] Although this disclosure may refer to 5G New Radio (NR), it may be applied to other similar fields, such as LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) or other wireless / radio access technologies.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of base station 210 communicating with UE 250 in the access network. In the DL, IP packets from EPC 160 can be provided to controller / processor 275. Controller / processor 275 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functions. Layer 3 includes the radio resource control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer, and medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 275 provides RRC layer functions associated with broadcast system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), mobility between radio access technologies (RAT), and measurement configuration of UE measurement reports; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions associated with upper-layer packet data unit (PDU) transmission, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), reassembly of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs to transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority processing, and logical channel priority.

[0044] Transmit (TX) processor 216 and receive (RX) processor 270 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 includes a physical (PHY) layer, which may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. TX processor 216 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), and M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The encoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying the time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from channel estimator 274 are used to determine coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates can be derived from a reference signal transmitted by UE 250 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to a different antenna 220 via a separate transmitter 218TX. Each transmitter 218TX can modulate an RF carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0045] At UE 250, each receiver 254RX receives signals through its respective antenna 252. Each receiver 254RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 256. The TX processor 268 and RX processor 256 implement Layer 1 functions related to various signal processing functions. The RX processor 256 can perform spatial processing on this information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 250. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 250, they can be combined by the RX processor 256 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 256 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation points transmitted by base station 210. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by channel estimator 258. The system then performs decoding and deinterleaving soft decision-making to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 210 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 259, which implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functions.

[0046] Controller / processor 259 may be associated with memory 260, which stores program code and data. Memory 260 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In UL, controller / processor 259 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from EPC 160. Controller / processor 259 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0047] Similar to the functions described in the DL transmission combined with base station 210, controller / processor 259 provides RRC layer functions associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functions associated with upper-layer PDU transmission, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs to TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority processing, and logical channel priority.

[0048] The TX processor 268 can use a reference signal transmitted from the base station 210 by the channel estimator 258 or a channel estimate derived from feedback to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the TX processor 268 can be provided to different antennas 252 via individual transmitters 254TX. Each transmitter 254TX can modulate an RF carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission. UL transmission is processed at the base station 210 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at the UE 250. Each receiver 218RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 220. Each receiver 218RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 270.

[0049] Controller / processor 275 may be associated with memory 276, which stores program code and data. Memory 276 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, controller / processor 275 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from UE 250. IP packets from controller / processor 275 may be provided to EPC 160. Controller / processor 275 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0050] New Radio (NR) can refer to radios configured to operate under a new air interface (e.g., different from an air interface based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)) or a fixed transport layer (e.g., different from Internet Protocol (IP)). NR can use OFDM with a cyclic prefix (CP) on both the uplink and downlink, and can include support for half-duplex operation using Time Division Duplex (TDD). NR may include mission-critical applications such as Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services with wide bandwidths (e.g., exceeding 80 MHz), millimeter wave (mmW) services with high carrier frequencies (e.g., 60 GHz), massive MTC (mMTC) technologies for non-backward-compatible MTC technologies, and / or ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services.

[0051] It can support a single component carrier bandwidth of 100MHz. In one example, an NR resource block (RB) can span 12 subcarriers with a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 60kHz and a duration of 0.25ms, or an SCS of 30kHz and a duration of 0.5ms (similarly, a 50MHz BW, a 15kHz SCS, and a duration of 1ms). Each radio frame can consist of 10 subframes (10, 20, 40, or 80 NR slots) of 10ms in length. Each slot can indicate the link direction for data transmission (i.e., DL or UL), and the link direction of each slot can be dynamically switched. Each slot can include DL / UL data and DL / UL control data. The UL and DL slots used for NR can be as follows: Figure 5 and 6 To describe in more detail.

[0052] NR RAN can include a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). NR BS (e.g., gNB, 5G Node B, Node B, Transport Receive Point (TRP), Access Point (AP)) can correspond to one or more BSs. NR cells can be configured as access cells (ACells) or data-only cells (DCells). For example, the RAN (e.g., a central unit or a distributed unit) can configure cells. A DCell may be a cell used for carrier aggregation or dual connectivity and may not be used for initial access, cell selection / reselection, or handover. In some cases, a DCell may not transmit a synchronization signal (SS); in others, it may transmit an SS. NR BS can transmit downlink signals indicating the cell type to the UE. Based on the cell type indication, the UE can communicate with the NRBS. For example, the UE can determine which NR BS to consider for cell selection, access, handover, and / or measurement based on the indicated cell type.

[0053] Figure 3 An example logical architecture of a distributed RAN 300 according to aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. A 5G access node 306 may include an access node controller (ANC) 302. The ANC may be the central unit (CU) of the distributed RAN. The backhaul interface to the next-generation core network (NG-CN) 304 may terminate at the ANC. The backhaul interface to the adjacent next-generation access node (NG-AN) 310 may terminate at the ANC. The ANC may include one or more TRPs 308 (also referred to as BS, NR BS, Node B, 5G NB, AP, or some other terminology). As mentioned above, TRP can be used interchangeably with "cell".

[0054] TRP 308 can be a Distributed Unit (DU). A TRP can be connected to one ANC (ANC 302) or more ANCs (not shown). For example, for RAN sharing, radio as a service (RaaS) deployments, and service-specific ANC deployments, the TRP can be connected to multiple ANCs. A TRP can include one or more antenna ports. A TRP can be configured to provide services to the UE individually (e.g., dynamically selected) or jointly (e.g., jointly transmitted).

[0055] The local architecture of the distributed RAN 300 can be used to illustrate the fronthaul definition. An architecture supporting fronthaul solutions across different deployment types can be defined. For example, the architecture can be based on transport network capabilities (e.g., bandwidth, latency, and / or jitter). The architecture can share features and / or components with LTE. Depending on the aspect, the next-generation AN (NG-AN) 310 can support dual connectivity with NR. The NG-AN can share a common fronthaul for both LTE and NR.

[0056] This architecture enables cooperation between TRPs 308. For example, cooperation can be pre-defined within and / or across TRPs via ANC 302. Depending on the aspect, inter-TRP interfaces may not be required or exist.

[0057] Depending on the context, the dynamic configuration of separate logical functions can exist within the architecture of the distributed RAN 300. PDCP, RLC, and MAC protocols can be adaptively placed at the ANC or TRP.

[0058] Figure 4 An example physical architecture of a distributed RAN 400 according to aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. A centralized core network unit (C-CU) 402 may host core network functions. The C-CU may be centrally deployed. C-CU functions may be offloaded (e.g., to an advanced wireless service (AWS)) to handle peak capacity. A centralized RAN unit (C-RU) 404 may host one or more ANC functions. Optionally, the C-RU may host core network functions locally. The C-RU may have a distributed deployment. The C-RU may be located closer to the network edge. A distributed unit (DU) 406 may host one or more TRPs. The DU may be located at the network edge with radio frequency (RF) capabilities.

[0059] Figure 5 Figure 500 illustrates an example of a DL-centric slot. The DL-centric slot may include a control portion 502. The control portion 502 may exist in the initial or beginning portion of the DL-centric slot. The control portion 502 may include various scheduling and / or control information corresponding to the various portions of the DL-centric slot. In some configurations, the control portion 502 may be a Physical DL Control Channel (PDCCH), such as... Figure 5As shown. The DL-centric time slot may also include a DL data portion 504. The DL data portion 504 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of the DL-centric time slot. The DL data portion 504 may include communication resources for transmitting DL data from a scheduling entity (e.g., a UE or BS) to a subordinate entity (e.g., a UE). In some configurations, the DL data portion 504 may be a Physical DL Shared Channel (PDSCH).

[0060] The DL-centered time slot may also include a common UL section 506. The common UL section 506 may sometimes be referred to as a UL burst, a common UL burst, and / or various other suitable terms. The common UL section 506 may include feedback information corresponding to various other sections of the DL-centered time slot. For example, the common UL section 506 may include feedback information corresponding to the control section 502. Non-limiting examples of feedback information may include ACK signals, NACK signals, HARQ indicators, and / or various other suitable types of information. The common UL section 506 may include additional or alternative information, such as information related to the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, scheduling requests (SR), and various other suitable types of information.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, the end of the DL data section 504 can be separated in time from the start of the common UL section 506. This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, protection period, protection interval, and / or various other suitable terms. This separation provides time for the switch from DL communication (e.g., the reception operation of a subordinate entity (e.g., the UE)) to UL communication (e.g., the transmission of a subordinate entity (e.g., the UE)). Those skilled in the art will understand that the above is merely one example of a DL-centric time slot, and alternative structures with similar characteristics may exist without departing from the aspects described herein.

[0062] Figure 6 Figure 600 illustrates an example of a UL-centered time slot. A UL-centered time slot may include a control section 602. The control section 602 may be present in the initial or beginning portion of the UL-centered time slot. Figure 6 The control section 602 can be similar to the one described above. Figure 5 The control portion 502 is described. The UL-centric time slot may also include a UL data portion 604. The UL data portion 604 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of the UL-centric time slot. The UL portion may refer to the communication resources used to transmit UL data from a lower-level entity (e.g., the UE) to a scheduling entity (e.g., the UE or the BS). In some configurations, the control portion 602 may be a physical DL control channel (PDCCH).

[0063] like Figure 6 As shown, the end of control section 602 can be time-separated from the start of UL data section 604. This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, protection cycle, protection interval, and / or various other suitable terms. This separation provides time for switching from DL communication (e.g., receiving operations of a scheduling entity) to UL communication (e.g., transmissions of a scheduling entity). UL-centric time slots may also include common UL section 606. Figure 6 The public UL section 506 can be similar to the reference above. Figure 5 The common UL portion 506 is described. Common UL portion 606 may additionally or alternatively include information relating to the channel quality indicator (CQI), the sounding reference signal (SRS), and various other suitable types of information. Those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing is merely one example of a UL-centric time slot, and that alternative structures with similar characteristics may exist without departing from the aspects described herein.

[0064] In some cases, two or more dependent entities (e.g., UEs) can communicate with each other using sidelink signaling. Practical applications of such sidelink communication might include public safety, proximity services, UE-to-network relay, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, Internet of Things (IoE) communication, Internet of Things (IoT) communication, mission-critical mesh, and / or various other suitable applications. Typically, a sidelink signal can refer to a signal transmitted from one dependent entity (e.g., UE1) to another dependent entity (e.g., UE2) without relaying the communication through a scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS), even if the scheduling entity may be used for scheduling and / or control purposes. In some examples, licensed spectrum can be used to transmit sidelink signals (unlike wireless LANs that typically use unlicensed spectrum).

[0065] Figure 7 Figure 700 illustrates the aggregation of wireless devices. Base station 702 and primary mobile terminal (MT) 704 communicate with each other through one or more slave MTs 706, 708...710. Slave MTs are also called repeaters and can be wireless devices such as mobile phones, fixed client equipment (CPE), and wireless routers. In this example, there are K slave MTs (K is an integer, K≥1). The primary MT 704 and the K slave MTs 706, 708,...710 are grouped together to improve the reliability of transmissions from the primary MT 704.

[0066] As described below, a repeater receives an RF signal in a first frequency band, shifts the RF carrier of the RF signal to a second frequency band, and then transmits the shifted RF signal in the second frequency band. Each frequency band is an interval in the frequency domain. Specifically, the repeater can be a frequency-converting repeater. The repeater can also be a time-delay repeater, which receives the RF signal and then retransmits the received RF signal after a certain time delay. Furthermore, the repeater can receive the RF signal in a first time-frequency resource, convert the received RF signal to a second time-frequency resource, and then transmit the converted RF signal. Specifically, the first time-frequency resource can be orthogonal to the second time-frequency resource.

[0067] In this invention, (f, t) represents time-frequency resources: (f, t)0 represents the time-frequency resource signals used by the master MT to transmit and receive RF signals, and by the slave MT to receive RF signals. (f, t) k Indicates a specific repeater MT k (k is an integer, 1 ≤ k ≤ K) represents the time-frequency resources used for transmitting RF signals. Therefore, (f, t)1 represents the resources used from MT 706 (i.e., MT1) for transmitting RF signals; (f, t)2 represents the resources used from MT 708 (i.e., MT2) for transmitting RF signals, and so on. In some configurations, (f, t)0, (f, t)1, (f, t)2, ..., (f, t) k They are orthogonal. In particular, they do not overlap in the frequency domain. In some configurations, (f, t)0 may be associated with a (f, t)... k (k∈1, ...,K) are identical, while the rest are mutually orthogonal. In some configurations, some (f,t) k (k∈1,...K) may be the same, therefore signals transmitted over these overlapping resources act as multipath signals transmitted in a single-frequency network (SFN) to provide diversity gain. Furthermore, (f,t)0 and (f,t) k (1≤k≤K) can be a non-overlapping component carrier, a non-overlapping bandwidth part (BWP), a non-overlapping frequency band, or a non-overlapping set within the same component carrier.

[0068] Figure 8 Figure 800 illustrates the first technology for enhancing reliability. In this example, UE 804 can only support one component carrier. Base station 802 can support more than two component carriers. Repeater 806 is placed between base station 802 and UE 804.

[0069] UE 804 generates a baseband signal X representing the data layer to be transmitted to base station 802. Furthermore, UE 804 mixes X with an RF carrier from time-frequency resource (f, t)0 and transmits the resulting RF signal to base station 802. Base station 802 receives the RF signal through channel 830, which can be represented as H1. Base station 802 removes the RF carrier from the received RF signal to obtain the baseband signal r1.

[0070] r1=H1·X

[0071] Furthermore, repeater 806 receives RF signals through channel 832, which can be represented as H2. Additionally, repeater 806 amplifies and forwards the RF signals received from UE 804. The effect of amplification and forwarding on the baseband signal can be represented as G. s Furthermore, repeater 806 shifts or converts the time-frequency of the RF carrier from (f, t)0 to (f, t)1. The effect of the resource shift on the baseband signal can be expressed as T. Repeater 806 transmits an RF signal to base station 802 at time-frequency (f, t)1. Thus, the RF signal transmitted by repeater 806 carries the baseband signal as follows:

[0072] T·G s ·H2·X

[0073] In this example, base station 802 receives the RF signal transmitted by repeater 806 through channel 834 on time frequency (f,t)1, which can be represented as H3. Base station 802 obtains the baseband signal from the RF signal on time frequency (f,t)1 (from the repeater):

[0074] r2=H3·T·G s ·H2·X

[0075] In this way, base station 802 can determine X based on both baseband signals r1 and r2, or based on one of baseband signals r1 and r2. Subsequently, base station 802 can demodulate and decode X to obtain the data layer transmitted by UE 804.

[0076] Figure 9 Figure 900 illustrates the second technology for enhancing reliability. (Compared to...) Figure 8 Compared to the previous example, in this example, in addition to repeater 806, another repeater 808 is placed between base station 802 and UE 804. Similar to the reference above. Figure 8 As described, UE 804 mixes X with the RF carrier in time-frequency resource (f,t)0 and sends the resulting RF signal to repeaters 806 and 808. Repeater 806 receives the RF signal through channel 932, which can be represented as H2. Repeater 808 receives the RF signal through channel 930, which can be represented as H1.

[0077] The baseband signal received at repeater 806 can be represented as:

[0078] H2·X

[0079] Repeater 806 amplifies and forwards received RF signals. The effect of amplification and forwarding on the baseband signal can be expressed as follows: Furthermore, repeater 806 shifts the time frequency of the RF carrier from (f, t)0 to (f, t)1. The effect of the frequency shift on the baseband signal can be expressed as T2. Repeater 806 transmits the RF signal on the time-frequency resource (f, t)1. Thus, the baseband signal transmitted by repeater 806 can be expressed as:

[0080]

[0081] Furthermore, base station 802 receives the RF signal transmitted by repeater 806 through channel 936 on time-frequency resource (f,t)1, which can be represented as H4. Base station 802 obtains the baseband signal r'2 from the RF signal on time-frequency resource (f,t)1 as follows:

[0082]

[0083] Furthermore, in this example, repeater 808 also receives the RF signal transmitted on the time-frequency resource (f, t)0 via channel 930, which can be represented as H1. At repeater 808, the received RF signal can be represented as:

[0084] H1·X

[0085] Repeater 808 can amplify and forward received RF signals. The effect of amplification and forwarding can be expressed as follows: Furthermore, repeater 808 shifts the time frequency of the RF carrier from (f, t)0 to (f, t)2. The effect of this time-frequency shift on the baseband signal can be represented as T1. Repeater 808 transmits the RF signal on the time-frequency resource (f, t)2. Thus, the baseband signal transmitted by repeater 808 can be represented as:

[0086]

[0087] Furthermore, base station 802 receives the RF signal transmitted by repeater 808 through channel 934 on time-frequency resource (f,t) 21, which can be represented as H3. Base station 702 obtains the baseband signal r1 from the RF signal on time-frequency (f,t) 21 as follows:

[0088]

[0089] Time-frequency resources (f, t)2 and (f, t)1 are non-overlapping time-frequency resources and are orthogonal to each other. Furthermore, at least one of time-frequency resources (f, t)2 and (f, t)1 does not overlap with or orthogonal to time-frequency resource (f, t)0.

[0090] In this way, base station 802 can determine X based on baseband signals r'1 and r'2, or based on one of baseband signals r'1 and r'2. Subsequently, base station 802 can demodulate and decode X to obtain the data layer transmitted by UE 804.

[0091] Using the above techniques, devices with limited capabilities that support a limited number of component carriers (e.g., only one component carrier) can be aggregated together. From the network's perspective, aggregated devices together can support more component carriers than each device individually can.

[0092] For example, due to limited capabilities, a device can only transmit data signals to a base station on one component carrier. With the help of another device capable of converting the signal received from one component carrier into the signal from another component carrier, the base station can receive signals from both component carriers and jointly decode the data signals from both component carriers. From the base station's perspective, the base station receives repetitive signals from both component carriers.

[0093] Figure 10 This is a flowchart 1000 of a method (process) for sending uplink data. This method can be performed by a UE and a radio device (e.g., UE 804). In operation 1002, the UE transmits a first RF signal on a first RF time-frequency resource, the first RF signal carrying user data to be transmitted to the base station. In operation 1004, the radio device receives the first RF signal on the first RF time-frequency resource.

[0094] In operation 1006, the wireless device amplifies the first RF signal to generate an amplified RF signal. In operation 1008, the wireless device converts the amplified RF signal from the first RF time-frequency resource to the second RF time-frequency resource to generate a second RF signal. In operation 1010, the wireless device transmits the second RF signal to the base station on the second RF time-frequency resource. The second RF signal carries user data. In some configurations, the first and second RF time-frequency resources do not overlap in the frequency domain.

[0095] Figure 11This is a flowchart 1100 of a method (process) for receiving uplink data. This method can be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 802). In operation 1102, the base station receives a first RF signal on a first RF time-frequency resource. The first RF signal carries data from the UE. In operation 1104, the base station receives a second RF signal on a second RF time-frequency resource. The second RF signal carries data from the UE. In operation 1106, the base station obtains a first baseband signal from the first RF signal. In operation 1108, the base station obtains a second baseband signal from the second RF signal. In operation 1110, the base station decodes at least one of the first baseband signal and the second baseband signal to obtain data from the UE.

[0096] In some configurations, the first baseband signal and the second baseband signal are jointly decoded to obtain data from the UE. In some configurations, the first RF time-frequency resource does not overlap with the second RF time-frequency resource. In some configurations, the first RF signal is received from the UE. The second RF signal is received from the repeater. In some configurations, the first RF signal is received from the first repeater. The second RF signal is received from the second repeater.

[0097] Figure 12 Figure 1200 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation of a device 1202 employing a processing system 1214. Device 1202 may be a UE (e.g., UE 804). The processing system 1214 may be implemented using a bus architecture typically represented by a bus 1224. The bus 1224 may include any number of interconnect buses and bridges, depending on the specific application and overall design constraints of the processing system 1214. The bus 1224 links various circuits together, including one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by one or more processors 1204, receiving components 1264, transmitting components 1270, time-frequency transmission control components 1276, data processing components 1278, and computer-readable medium / memory 1206. The bus 1224 may also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits.

[0098] The processing system 1214 may be coupled to a transceiver 1210, which may be one or more transceivers 354. The transceiver 1210 may be coupled to one or more antennas 1220, which may be communication antennas 352.

[0099] Transceiver 1210 provides means for communicating with various other devices via a transmission medium. Transceiver 1210 receives signals from one or more antennas 1220, extracts information from the received signals, and provides the extracted information to processing system 1214, particularly receiving component 1264. Furthermore, transceiver 1210 receives information from processing system 1214 (particularly transmission component 1270) and, based on the received information, generates signals to be applied to one or more antennas 1220.

[0100] Processing system 1214 includes one or more processors 1204 coupled to computer-readable medium / memory 1206. The one or more processors 1204 are responsible for general processing, including executing software 1206 stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the one or more processors 1204, the software causes processing system 1214 to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. Computer-readable medium / memory 1206 can also be used to store data manipulated by the one or more processors 1204 during software execution. Processing system 1214 also includes at least one of a receiving component 1264, a transmitting component 1270, a time-frequency transmission control component 1276, and a data processing component 1278. These components may be software components running in the one or more processors 1204, resident / stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1206, one or more hardware components coupled to the one or more processors 1204, or some combination thereof. Processing system 1214 may be a component of UE 350 and may include memory 360 and / or at least one of TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and communication processor 359.

[0101] In one configuration, device 1202 / device 1202' for wireless communication includes functions for performing... Figure 10 The means for each operation performed by the UE. The aforementioned means may be one of the aforementioned components of the means 1202 and / or the processing system 1214 of the means 1202, configured to perform the functions listed above.

[0102] As described above, the processing system 1214 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a communication processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, the above-described apparatus may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the communication processor 359, configured to perform the functions described above.

[0103] Figure 13Figure 1300 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation of a device 1302 employing a processing system 1314. Device 1302 may be a wireless device (e.g., repeater 806). The processing system 1314 may be implemented using a bus architecture typically represented by a bus 1324. The bus 1324 may include any number of interconnect buses and bridges, depending on the specific application and overall design constraints of the processing system 1314. The bus 1324 links various circuits together, including one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by one or more processors 1304, receiving components 1364, transmitting components 1370, amplifying and forwarding components 1376, resource conversion components 1378, and computer-readable media / memory 1306. The bus 1324 may also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuitry.

[0104] The processing system 1314 may be coupled to a transceiver 1310, which may be one or more transceivers 354. The transceiver 1310 may be coupled to one or more antennas 1320, which may be communication antennas 352.

[0105] Transceiver 1310 provides means for communicating with various other devices via a transmission medium. Transceiver 1310 receives signals from one or more antennas 1320, extracts information from the received signals, and provides the extracted information to processing system 1314, particularly receiving component 1364. Furthermore, transceiver 1310 receives information from processing system 1314, particularly transmission component 1370, and generates signals to be applied to one or more antennas 1320 based on the received information.

[0106] Processing system 1314 includes one or more processors 1304 coupled to computer-readable medium / memory 1306. The one or more processors 1304 are responsible for general processing, including executing software 1306 stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the one or more processors 1304, the software causes processing system 1314 to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. Computer-readable medium / memory 1306 can also be used to store data manipulated by the one or more processors 1304 during software execution. Processing system 1314 also includes at least one of a receiving component 1364, a transmitting component 1370, an amplifying and forwarding component 1376, and a resource conversion component 1378. These components may be software components running in the one or more processors 1304, resident / stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1306, one or more hardware components coupled to the one or more processors 1304, or some combination thereof. Processing system 1314 may be a component of UE 350 and may include memory 360 and / or at least one of TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and communication processor 359.

[0107] In one configuration, device 1302 / device 1302' for wireless communication includes functions for performing... Figure 10 The means for each operation performed by the wireless device. The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the means 1302 and / or the processing system 1314 of the means 1302, configured to perform the functions listed above.

[0108] As described above, the processing system 1314 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a communication processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, the above-described apparatus may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the communication processor 359, configured to perform the functions described above.

[0109] Figure 14Figure 1400 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation of a device 1402 employing a processing system 1414. Device 1402 may be a base station (e.g., base station 802). The processing system 1414 may be implemented using a bus architecture typically represented by a bus 1424. The bus 1424 may include any number of interconnect buses and bridges, depending on the specific application and overall design constraints of the processing system 1414. The bus 1424 links various circuits together, including one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by one or more processors 1404, receiving components 1464, transmitting components 1470, data receiving resource control components 1476 and decoding components 1478, and computer-readable medium / memory 1406. The bus 1424 may also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits.

[0110] The processing system 1414 may be coupled to a transceiver 1410, which may be one or more transceivers 254. The transceiver 1410 may be coupled to one or more antennas 1420, which may be communication antennas 220.

[0111] Transceiver 1410 provides means for communicating with various other devices via a transmission medium. Transceiver 1410 receives signals from one or more antennas 1420, extracts information from the received signals, and provides the extracted information to processing system 1414, particularly receiving component 1464. Furthermore, transceiver 1410 receives information from processing system 1414, particularly transmission component 1470, and generates signals to be applied to one or more antennas 1420 based on the received information.

[0112] Processing system 1414 includes one or more processors 1404 coupled to computer-readable medium / memory 1406. The one or more processors 1404 are responsible for general processing, including executing software 1406 stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the one or more processors 1404, the software causes processing system 1414 to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. Computer-readable medium / memory 1406 can also be used to store data manipulated by the one or more processors 1404 during software execution. Processing system 1414 also includes at least one of a receiving component 1464, a transmitting component 1470, a data receiving resource control component 1476, and a decoding component 1478. These components may be software components running in the one or more processors 1404, resident / stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1406, one or more hardware components coupled to the one or more processors 1404, or some combination thereof. Processing system 1414 may be a component of base station 210 and may include memory 276 and / or at least one of TX processor 216, RX processor 270, and controller / processor 275.

[0113] In one configuration, the device 1402 for wireless communication includes functions for performing... Figure 11 The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the means 1402 and / or the processing system 1414 of the means 1402, configured to perform the functions listed above.

[0114] As described above, the processing system 1414 may include a TX processor 216, an RX processor 270, and a controller / processor 275. Therefore, in one configuration, the above-described apparatus may be the TX processor 216, the RX processor controller / processor 270, and the controller / processor 275, configured to perform the functions described above.

[0115] The subjects described herein sometimes illustrate different components contained within or connected to other different components. It should be understood that the architectures depicted are merely exemplary, and many other architectures can actually be implemented to achieve the same functionality. Conceptually, any arrangement of components achieving the same function is effectively “associated” to achieve the desired function. Therefore, any two components combined in this document to obtain a particular function can be considered “associated” with each other to achieve the desired function, regardless of the architecture or intermediate components. Similarly, any two such associated components can also be considered “operably connected” or “operably coupled” with each other to achieve the desired function, and any two components that can be suchly associated can also be considered “operably coupled” with each other to achieve the desired function. Specific examples of “operably coupled” include, but are not limited to: physically connectable and / or physically interacting components, and / or wirelessly interactable and / or logically interactable components.

[0116] Furthermore, regarding the use of virtually any plural and / or singular terms in the text, those skilled in the art may convert plural to singular and / or singular to plural, provided that it is appropriate for the context and / or application.

[0117] Those skilled in the art will understand that, generally, the terms used herein, particularly those used in the appended claims (e.g., the subjects in the appended claims), are intended as “open-ended” terms (e.g., the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “comprising but not limited to”, the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least”, the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “comprising but not limited to”, etc.). Those skilled in the art will also understand that if a specific number of the objects described in the appended claims is intended, such intention will be explicitly stated in the claims; in the absence of such a statement, such intention does not exist. For example, to aid understanding, the appended claims may include the use of introductory phrases such as “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce the objects of the claims. However, the use of such phrases should not be interpreted as limiting any claim containing such an indefinite article "a (a) or an" to an invention containing only one such claim, even if the same claim contains the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a (a)" or "an" (e.g., "a (a)" and / or "an" should generally be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"); the same applies to the use of definite articles to introduce the claim. Furthermore, even if a specific number of the claimed claims is explicitly stated, those skilled in the art will recognize that such a statement should generally be interpreted as meaning at least the stated number (e.g., a statement containing only "two claims" without other modifiers generally means at least two claims, or two or more claims). Furthermore, when using idioms such as "at least one of A, B, and C," such a structure is generally intended to convey the meaning of the idiom as understood by a person skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include, but is not limited to, systems having a single A, a single B, a single C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). When using idioms such as "at least one of A, B, or C," such a structure is generally intended to convey the meaning of the idiom as understood by a person skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include, but is not limited to, systems having a single A, a single B, a single C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). A person skilled in the art will further understand that, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, virtually arbitrary extractives and / or phrases representing two or more alternative terms should be understood to consider the possibility of including one, any, or all two terms.For example, the phrase “A or B” should be understood as including the possibility of “A”, “B”, or “A and B”.

[0118] Although various methods, apparatuses, and systems have been used to describe and illustrate exemplary techniques herein, those skilled in the art will understand that various other modifications and equivalent substitutions can be made without departing from the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, many modifications can be made to adapt particular situations to the teachings of the claimed subject matter without departing from the central concept described herein. Therefore, it is intended that the claimed subject matter is not limited to the specific examples disclosed, and that such claimed subject matter may also include all implementations and their equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication for communication between a wireless device and a user equipment, comprising: transmitting, at the user equipment, a first radio frequency signal on a first radio frequency time frequency resource of a first component carrier, wherein the first radio frequency signal carries user data to be transmitted to a base station; receiving, at the wireless device, the first radio frequency signal on the first radio frequency time frequency resource of the first component carrier; amplifying, at the wireless device, the first radio frequency signal to generate an amplified radio frequency signal; converting, at the wireless device, the amplified radio frequency signal from the first radio frequency time frequency resource of the first component carrier to a second radio frequency time frequency resource of a second component carrier to generate a second radio frequency signal; and transmitting, at the wireless device, a second radio frequency signal to the base station on the second radio frequency time frequency resource of the second component carrier, the second radio frequency signal carrying the user data, wherein the base station jointly decodes a first baseband signal derived from the first radio frequency signal received directly from the user equipment and a second baseband signal derived from the second radio frequency signal received from the wireless device to obtain the user data from the user equipment. The first radio frequency time frequency resource does not overlap the second radio frequency time frequency resource in the frequency domain.

2. The wireless communication method according to claim 1, wherein, 3. A method of wireless communication, comprising: receiving a first radio frequency signal on a first radio frequency time frequency resource of a first component carrier, the first radio frequency signal carrying user data from a user equipment; amplifying, at a wireless device, the first radio frequency signal to generate an amplified radio frequency signal, converting, at the wireless device, the amplified radio frequency signal from the first radio frequency time frequency resource of the first component carrier to a second radio frequency time frequency resource of a second component carrier to generate a second radio frequency signal; receiving the second radio frequency signal on a second radio frequency time frequency resource of a second component carrier, the second radio frequency signal carrying the user data from the user equipment; obtaining a first baseband signal from the first radio frequency signal; obtaining a second baseband signal from the second radio frequency signal; and jointly decoding the first baseband signal obtained from the first radio frequency signal received directly from the user equipment and the second baseband signal obtained from the second radio frequency signal received from the wireless device to obtain the user data from the user equipment. The first radio frequency time frequency resource does not overlap the second radio frequency time frequency resource.

5. A wireless system, comprising:

4. The wireless communication method according to claim 3, wherein, a wireless device and a user equipment, wherein the user equipment comprises: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: transmit, at the user equipment, a first radio frequency signal on a first radio frequency time frequency resource of a first component carrier, wherein the first radio frequency signal carries user data to be transmitted to a base station; wherein the wireless device comprises: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: receive, at the wireless device, the first radio frequency signal on the first radio frequency time frequency resource of the first component carrier; amplify, at the wireless device, the first radio frequency signal to generate an amplified radio frequency signal; ​ ​ At the wireless device, the amplified radio frequency signal is converted from the first radio frequency time-frequency resource of the first component carrier to the second radio frequency time-frequency resource of the second component carrier to generate a second radio frequency signal; and At the wireless device, the second radio frequency signal is transmitted to the base station on the second radio frequency time-frequency resource of the second component carrier. The second radio frequency signal carries the user data. The base station jointly decodes the first baseband signal derived directly from the first radio frequency signal received from the user equipment and the second baseband signal derived from the second radio frequency signal received from the wireless device to obtain the user data from the user equipment.

6. The radio system of claim 5, characterized in that The first radio frequency time-frequency resource and the second radio frequency time-frequency resource do not overlap in the frequency domain.

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