A seismic data processing method, device and readable storage medium

Abstract

A seismic data processing method, device and readable storage medium, the seismic data processing method comprises: inputting original seismic data, removing data with abnormal amplitude signals to obtain noise suppression data; sorting the noise suppression data to obtain five-dimensional seismic data; extracting four-dimensional seismic data from the five-dimensional seismic data; and reconstructing the four-dimensional seismic data to obtain reconstructed seismic data. The seismic data processing method can remove abnormal noise energy and recover effective signals, thereby effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and more specifically, relates to a seismic data processing method, device, and readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening development of oil and gas exploration, we have higher requirements for noise suppression in seismic data processing, and we also need to better preserve the effective signal while suppressing noise. There are currently technical methods to effectively suppress conventional random noise and linear interference, but there is no effective way to suppress anomalous amplitude interference, and some methods for suppressing high energy can also damage the effective signal.

[0003] Therefore, a seismic data processing method is needed that can effectively suppress anomalous energy noise and recover valid signals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a seismic data processing method, device, and readable storage medium that can effectively suppress anomalous energy noise and recover valid signals.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a seismic data processing method, the method comprising:

[0006] Input the raw seismic data, remove data with abnormal amplitude signals, and obtain noise-suppressed data;

[0007] The noise suppression data is sorted to obtain five-dimensional seismic data;

[0008] Extract four-dimensional seismic data from the five-dimensional seismic data;

[0009] The four-dimensional seismic data is reconstructed to obtain reconstructed seismic data.

[0010] Preferably, noise-suppressed data is obtained by removing data with abnormal amplitude signals from the original seismic data through the following steps:

[0011] Set amplitude threshold;

[0012] Iterate through each seismic trace of the original seismic data. When the amplitude signal value on the seismic trace is greater than the amplitude threshold, set the amplitude signal value of the seismic trace to 0.

[0013] Preferably, setting the amplitude threshold includes:

[0014] Iterate through each seismic trace of the original seismic data and determine the absolute maximum amplitude energy of each seismic trace;

[0015] Projecting each of the maximum amplitude energies onto a two-dimensional coordinate system yields a two-dimensional scatter plot;

[0016] In the two-dimensional scatter plot, the midpoint between the normal amplitude energy and the absolute maximum amplitude energy is determined, and the corresponding amplitude energy value is set as the amplitude threshold.

[0017] Preferably, sorting the noise-suppressed data to obtain five-dimensional seismic data includes:

[0018] Each seismic trace of the noise suppression data is traversed, and the noise suppression data is sorted according to the time, point number, line number, offset, and azimuth of the seismic trace to obtain the five-dimensional seismic data, where the point number represents the spatial x-direction number and the line number represents the spatial y-direction number.

[0019] Preferably, in the five-dimensional seismic data, the grid spacing in the spatial x-direction and spatial y-direction is 1, the grid spacing for the offset is d_offset, and the grid spacing for the azimuth is d_azi.

[0020] Preferably, extracting four-dimensional seismic data from the five-dimensional seismic data includes:

[0021] Using the line number as a loop, extract data with the same line number from the five-dimensional seismic data to obtain the four-dimensional seismic data.

[0022] Preferably, the four-dimensional seismic data is reconstructed using the POCS iterative algorithm and Fourier transform.

[0023] Preferably, POCS iterative calculation is performed using the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] Where ρ represents the weight coefficient, which starts from 1 and gradually decreases as the number of iterations increases, until it becomes 0 in the last iteration;

[0026] X i This represents the four-dimensional seismic data of the i-th iteration. This indicates missing seismic data in four-dimensional seismic data.

[0027]

[0028] S is a sampling matrix composed of 0 and 1. Data 0 in the sampling matrix indicates that the corresponding seismic data is 0, and data 1 indicates that the corresponding seismic data is not 0.

[0029] λ represents the threshold model {λ1, λ2, ..., λ} J Let the maximum threshold be λ. max The minimum threshold is λ min , where {λ1=λmax >λ2>…>λ J =λ min}, where J represents the number of iterations of the POCS algorithm.

[0030] The present invention also provides an apparatus comprising:

[0031] Memory, which stores executable instructions;

[0032] A processor that executes the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above-described seismic data processing method.

[0033] The present invention also provides a readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described seismic data processing method.

[0034] The present invention relates to a seismic data processing method, the beneficial effects of which are: by removing data with abnormal amplitude signals to suppress noise, supplementing and improving missing data, and then reconstructing, not only can abnormal noise energy be removed, but effective signals can also be restored, thereby effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.

[0035] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0037] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the seismic data processing method of the present invention is shown;

[0038] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of raw seismic data in a seismic data processing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2b A schematic diagram of noise-suppressed data after noise suppression of the original seismic data is shown, where the horizontal axis represents the sequence number and the vertical axis represents time in seconds.

[0039] Figure 3a This diagram illustrates a stacked profile of raw data in a seismic data processing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3b The diagram shows a noise-suppressed data overlay profile after noise suppression of the original seismic data. The horizontal axis represents the sequence number, and the vertical axis represents time in seconds. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail. While preferred embodiments of the invention are described below, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0042] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a seismic data processing method, such as... Figures 1 to 3b As shown, the method includes:

[0043] Input the raw seismic data, remove data with abnormal amplitude signals, and obtain noise-suppressed data;

[0044] The noise-suppressed data is sorted to obtain five-dimensional seismic data;

[0045] Extracting four-dimensional seismic data from five-dimensional seismic data;

[0046] Reconstructing four-dimensional seismic data yields reconstructed seismic data.

[0047] This invention provides a seismic data processing method that addresses the problem of conventional seismic data anomaly noise suppression methods damaging effective signals or failing to effectively remove anomaly noise. By eliminating data with abnormal amplitude signals for noise suppression, supplementing and improving missing data, and then reconstructing the data, this method can not only remove anomaly noise energy but also restore effective signals, effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.

[0048] The following steps are used to remove data with abnormal amplitude signals from the original seismic data to obtain noise-suppressed data:

[0049] Set amplitude threshold;

[0050] Iterate through each seismic trace of the original seismic data. When the amplitude signal value of the seismic trace is greater than the amplitude threshold, set the amplitude signal value of the seismic trace to 0.

[0051] Setting the amplitude threshold includes:

[0052] Traverse each seismic trace of the original seismic data and determine the absolute maximum amplitude energy of each seismic trace, i.e., the amplitude signal value;

[0053] Projecting each maximum amplitude energy onto a two-dimensional coordinate system yields a two-dimensional scatter plot;

[0054] In a two-dimensional scatter plot, determine the midpoint between the normal amplitude energy and the maximum absolute amplitude energy, and set the corresponding amplitude energy value as the amplitude threshold.

[0055] The two-dimensional coordinate system uses the serial number as the horizontal axis and the amplitude energy value as the vertical axis. The original seismic data is the gather data of the seismic traces. Therefore, in the two-dimensional coordinate system, the amplitude energy values ​​of multiple seismic traces are distributed in a point-like manner, i.e., a two-dimensional scatter plot.

[0056] Normal amplitude energy values ​​are usually concentrated and distributed in a region, while some amplitude energy values ​​are much larger than normal amplitude energy values, and may even be more than ten times larger than normal amplitude energy values. These amplitude energies that are much larger than normal amplitude energy values ​​are abnormal amplitude energies, which can interfere with data processing, so interference signals need to be suppressed.

[0057] Since amplitude energy values ​​can be positive or negative, the midpoint between the absolute value of the maximum amplitude energy and the value range of normal amplitude energy is taken as the amplitude threshold. Amplitude energy values ​​higher than the threshold are then removed, which better preserves the effective signal. This process is called removing data with abnormal amplitude signals to obtain noise-suppressed data. The amplitude threshold can be allowed to fluctuate within a certain range to be adjusted as needed; this range can be determined based on actual requirements.

[0058] The noise suppression data is CMP gather data. The noise suppression data is sorted to obtain five-dimensional seismic data, including:

[0059] Each seismic trace of the noise suppression data is traversed, and the noise suppression data is sorted according to the time, point number, line number, offset, and azimuth of the seismic trace to obtain five-dimensional seismic data. The point number represents the number in the spatial x-direction, and the line number represents the number in the spatial y-direction.

[0060] In five-dimensional seismic data, the grid spacing in the spatial x and y directions is 1, the grid spacing for offset is d_offset, and the grid spacing for azimuth is d_azi.

[0061] Extracting four-dimensional seismic data from five-dimensional seismic data includes:

[0062] By using the line number as a loop, data with the same line number are extracted from the five-dimensional seismic data to obtain four-dimensional seismic data.

[0063] Four-dimensional seismic data were reconstructed using the POCS iterative algorithm and Fourier transform.

[0064] POCS iterative calculation is performed using the following formula:

[0065]

[0066] Where ρ represents the weight coefficient, which starts from 1 and gradually decreases as the number of iterations increases, until it becomes 0 in the last iteration;

[0067] X i This represents the four-dimensional seismic data from the i-th iteration, i.e., the reconstructed seismic data. This indicates missing seismic data in four-dimensional seismic data.

[0068]

[0069] S is a sampling matrix composed of 0 and 1. Data 0 in the sampling matrix indicates that the corresponding seismic data is 0, and data 1 indicates that the corresponding seismic data is not 0.

[0070] λ represents the threshold model {λ1, λ2, ..., λ} J Let the maximum threshold be λ. max The minimum threshold is λ min , where {λ1=λ max >λ2>…>λ J =λ min}, where J represents the number of iterations of the POCS algorithm.

[0071] In the above calculation process, let the four-dimensional seismic data be X(nt,nxiline,noff,nazi), where nt, nxline, noff, and nazi represent the time, point number, offset, and number of azimuth angles of the seismic data, respectively.

[0072] For the four-dimensional seismic data X from the previous iteration number i-1 Perform a sparse transform, i.e., a four-dimensional Fourier transform, setting coefficients smaller than the threshold λ corresponding to the current iteration number to zero, and then perform an inverse Fourier transform to obtain the desired result.

[0073] The method also includes: restoring the reconstructed seismic data to the location of the original seismic data, sorting it into the trace collections of the original data, and forming the final reconstructed result.

[0074] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2a A schematic diagram of the raw seismic data in this embodiment is shown. Figure 2b This diagram illustrates the noise-suppressed data after noise reduction of the original seismic data. The horizontal axis represents the sequence number, and the vertical axis represents time in seconds. Figure 2a and Figure 2b The comparison clearly shows that... Figure 2b The results show that abnormally strong energy interference is effectively suppressed, and the results are relatively uniform.

[0075] Figure 3a This diagram shows a schematic of the original data overlay profile of this embodiment. Figure 3b This diagram shows a composite profile of the noise-suppressed seismic data after noise suppression, where the horizontal axis represents the sequence number and the vertical axis represents time in seconds. Figure 3a and Figure 3b The comparison clearly shows that the original data overlay profile has a low signal-to-noise ratio and the effective signal is masked by noise. However, the overlay result after noise suppression clearly shows that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved and the phase axis is increased due to the suppression of strong energy noise and the reconstruction of the effective signal, which improves the resolution of the seismic data and is beneficial to subsequent migration imaging.

[0076] The present invention also provides an apparatus comprising:

[0077] Memory, which stores executable instructions;

[0078] The processor executes executable instructions in memory to implement the aforementioned seismic data processing method.

[0079] The present invention also provides a readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described seismic data processing method.

[0080] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A seismic data processing method, characterized in that, The method includes: Input the raw seismic data, remove data with abnormal amplitude signals, and obtain noise-suppressed data; The noise suppression data is sorted to obtain five-dimensional seismic data; Extract four-dimensional seismic data from the five-dimensional seismic data; The four-dimensional seismic data is reconstructed to obtain reconstructed seismic data; The following steps are used to remove data with abnormal amplitude signals from the original seismic data to obtain noise-suppressed data: Set amplitude threshold; Iterate through each seismic trace of the original seismic data. When the amplitude signal value on the seismic trace is greater than the amplitude threshold, set the amplitude signal value of the seismic trace to 0. The setting of the amplitude threshold includes: Iterate through each seismic trace of the original seismic data and determine the absolute maximum amplitude energy of each seismic trace; Projecting the maximum amplitude energy of each absolute value onto a two-dimensional coordinate system yields a two-dimensional scatter plot; In the two-dimensional scatter plot, the midpoint between the normal amplitude energy and the absolute maximum amplitude energy is determined, and the corresponding amplitude energy value is set as the amplitude threshold.

2. The seismic data processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The noise suppression data is sorted to obtain five-dimensional seismic data, including: Each seismic trace of the noise suppression data is traversed, and the noise suppression data is sorted according to the time, point number, line number, offset, and azimuth of the seismic trace to obtain the five-dimensional seismic data, where the point number represents the spatial x-direction number and the line number represents the spatial y-direction number.

3. The seismic data processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the five-dimensional seismic data, the grid spacing in the spatial x and y directions is 1, the grid spacing for the offset is d_offset, and the grid spacing for the azimuth is d_azi.

4. The seismic data processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Extracting four-dimensional seismic data from the five-dimensional seismic data includes: Using the line number as a loop, extract data with the same line number from the five-dimensional seismic data to obtain the four-dimensional seismic data.

5. The seismic data processing method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The four-dimensional seismic data were reconstructed using the POCS iterative algorithm and Fourier transform.

6. The seismic data processing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, POCS iterative calculation is performed using the following formula: in, This represents the weight coefficient, starting from 1 and gradually decreasing as the number of iterations increases, until it reaches 0 in the last iteration; X i This represents the four-dimensional seismic data of the i-th iteration. This indicates missing seismic data in four-dimensional seismic data. S is a sampling matrix composed of 0 and 1. Data 0 in the sampling matrix indicates that the corresponding seismic data is 0, and data 1 indicates that the corresponding seismic data is not 0. Threshold model Let the maximum threshold be Minimum threshold is ,in J represents the number of iterations of the POCS algorithm.

7. A device, characterized in that, The device includes: Memory, which stores executable instructions; A processor that executes the executable instructions in the memory to implement the seismic data processing method according to any one of claims 1-6.

8. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the seismic data processing method according to any one of claims 1-6.

Images