A seismic imaging method, device, computer equipment and storage medium

Abstract

This invention discloses a seismic imaging method, apparatus, computer equipment, and storage medium. The seismic imaging method includes: cropping initial seismic data from a passive source into multiple seismic record data and stacking them to obtain stacked seismic data; migrating the stacked seismic data according to a set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles, and then stacking them to obtain an imaging profile of the passive source. In the seismic imaging scheme provided by this invention, the stacked seismic data is scanned and migrated at multiple excitation times, and then the migration results of different excitation times, i.e., multiple migration profiles, are stacked. Migrating profiles with inaccurate excitation times can have their corresponding seismic record data cancel each other out. By stacking multiple migration profiles, accurate seismic imaging of the passive source can be obtained, thereby solving the problem of uncertain passive source excitation time and realizing precise positioning and imaging processing of the passive source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic exploration and data processing technology, and in particular to a seismic imaging method, apparatus, computer equipment, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Seismic imaging is a core technology in seismic data processing during seismic exploration. Currently, conventional seismic exploration involves generating seismic waves using artificial sources and then utilizing the reflection of these waves to obtain geological structures and subsurface information. In addition, passive source imaging methods, which directly acquire subsurface vibration waves without artificial seismic sources, are also widely used in seismic exploration. For example, fracturing detection technology in oil and gas exploration and rock fracture monitoring in coal mining both require source localization.

[0003] The biggest difference between passive source imaging and conventional seismic exploration is that the excitation time of the seismic source in conventional seismic exploration is fixed, allowing for seismic imaging based on the propagation patterns of seismic waves. However, the excitation time of a passive source is uncertain, posing technical challenges to source location and imaging. While there are many existing methods for passive source location, and they have mature applications in natural earthquake detection, passive sources in seismic exploration generally have weak energy, making passive source imaging impossible using ordinary natural earthquake location techniques. The primary passive source imaging technique in seismic exploration is interferometric imaging, which has relatively low longitudinal resolution at the source.

[0004] In view of this, there is an urgent need to provide a solution for passive source location and imaging in the field of seismic exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to solve the problem of accurate location and imaging processing of passive seismic sources in seismic exploration.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a seismic imaging method, the method comprising:

[0007] The initial seismic data from the passive source was cropped into multiple seismic record data;

[0008] The multiple seismic records are overlaid to obtain overlaid seismic data;

[0009] The superimposed seismic data is migrated according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles;

[0010] The multiple offset profiles are superimposed to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0011] Optionally, before cropping the initial seismic data from the passive source into multiple seismic record data, the method further includes:

[0012] Acquire initial seismic data based on passive sources detected by geophones.

[0013] Optionally, the step of cropping the initial seismic data from the passive source into multiple seismic record data includes:

[0014] The initial seismic data is cropped according to a set duration to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length.

[0015] Optionally, the step of cropping the initial seismic data according to a set duration to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length includes:

[0016] Calculate the maximum propagation time of the vibration at the maximum target depth of the passive seismic source to the ground;

[0017] The initial seismic data is cropped according to the maximum propagation time to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length.

[0018] Optionally, after cropping the initial seismic data from the passive source into multiple seismic record data, the method further includes:

[0019] The multiple seismic record data are preprocessed, wherein the preprocessing includes filtering and / or denoising.

[0020] Optionally, after performing migration processing on the stacked seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles, the method further includes:

[0021] The passive seismic source is located based on the multiple offset profiles.

[0022] Optionally, the step of locating the passive seismic source based on the plurality of offset profiles includes:

[0023] Select the target imaging profile from the plurality of offset profiles from which the seismic record data converges;

[0024] Obtain the target excitation time corresponding to the target imaging profile;

[0025] The depth information of the passive seismic source is calculated based on the target excitation time.

[0026] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a seismic imaging device, the device comprising:

[0027] The initial data trimming module is used to trim the initial seismic data from passive sources into multiple seismic record data.

[0028] The seismic data overlay module is used to overlay the multiple seismic record data to obtain overlay seismic data;

[0029] The post-stack data migration module is used to migrate the stacked seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles.

[0030] An imaging profile overlay module is used to overlay the multiple offset profiles to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0031] Optionally, the device further includes an initial data acquisition module, used to acquire the initial seismic data of the passive source based on the detector before the initial data trimming module trims the initial seismic data of the passive source into multiple seismic record data.

[0032] Optionally, the initial data trimming module is used to trim the initial seismic data according to a set duration to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length.

[0033] Optionally, the initial data clipping module is specifically used to calculate the maximum propagation time of vibration at the maximum target depth of the passive source to the ground; and to clip the initial seismic data according to the maximum propagation time to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length.

[0034] Optionally, the apparatus further includes a preprocessing module for preprocessing the multiple seismic record data after the initial data clipping module clips the initial seismic data of the passive source into multiple seismic record data, wherein the preprocessing includes filtering and / or denoising.

[0035] Optionally, the device further includes a source location module, used to locate the passive source based on the multiple migration profiles after the post-stack data migration module performs migration processing on the stacked seismic data according to the set source excitation time.

[0036] Optionally, the seismic source location module is specifically used to select a target imaging profile from the plurality of migration profiles where the seismic record data converges; obtain the target excitation time corresponding to the target imaging profile; and calculate the depth information of the passive source based on the target excitation time.

[0037] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described method.

[0038] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the above solutions may have the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0040] The present invention provides a seismic imaging method, apparatus, computer equipment, and storage medium. In seismic exploration, the initial seismic data of a passive source is cropped into multiple seismic record data; the multiple seismic record data are superimposed to obtain superimposed seismic data; the superimposed seismic data are migrated according to a set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles; the multiple migration profiles are superimposed to obtain the imaging profile of the passive source.

[0041] As described above, the seismic imaging scheme for passive sources provided by this invention involves scanning and migrating the stacked seismic data at multiple excitation times, and then superimposing the migration results from different excitation times, i.e., multiple migration profiles. It should be noted that for migration profiles with inaccurate excitation times, the corresponding seismic record data can cancel each other out. Therefore, by superimposing multiple migration profiles, accurate seismic imaging of passive sources can be obtained, thus solving the problem of uncertain excitation times of passive sources and achieving precise location and imaging processing of passive sources. This provides an efficient and accurate processing scheme for microseismic monitoring and passive source location. Moreover, this method is simple to implement, provides accurate location, and offers an effective processing technology for passive source imaging. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 A flowchart of a seismic imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of passive source seismic recording provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the location of a passive seismic source provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 To Figure 3Multiple imaging profiles were obtained by time-scanning migration of the initial seismic data of the passive source shown.

[0047] Figure 5 Another flowchart of the seismic imaging method provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 Another flowchart of the seismic imaging method provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 A structural diagram of a seismic imaging device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 Another structural diagram of the seismic imaging device provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 This is another structural diagram of the seismic imaging device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 10 This is another structural diagram of the seismic imaging device provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 11 A structural diagram of a computer device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Seismic imaging is a core technology in seismic data processing during seismic exploration. Currently, conventional seismic exploration involves generating seismic waves using artificial sources and then utilizing the reflection of these waves to obtain geological structures and subsurface information. In addition, passive source imaging methods, which directly acquire subsurface vibration waves without artificial seismic sources, are also widely used in seismic exploration. For example, fracturing detection technology in oil and gas exploration and rock fracture monitoring in coal mining both require source localization.

[0056] The biggest difference between passive source imaging and conventional seismic exploration is that the excitation time of the seismic source in conventional seismic exploration is fixed, allowing for seismic imaging based on the propagation patterns of seismic waves. However, the excitation time of a passive source is uncertain, posing technical challenges to source location and imaging. While there are many existing methods for passive source location, and they have mature applications in natural earthquake detection, passive sources in seismic exploration generally have weak energy, making passive source imaging impossible using ordinary natural earthquake location techniques. The primary passive source imaging technique in seismic exploration is interferometric imaging, which has relatively low longitudinal resolution at the source.

[0057] Therefore, in order to solve the problem of accurate location and imaging processing of passive seismic sources in seismic exploration, embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic imaging method, apparatus, computer equipment, and storage medium.

[0058] The seismic imaging method provided in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a seismic imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The seismic imaging method may include the following steps:

[0061] Step S101: The initial seismic data of the passive source is cropped into multiple seismic record data.

[0062] The initial seismic data mentioned above are the results of continuous detection over a long period. To facilitate subsequent time-scan migration and overlay processing, the initial seismic data needs to be regularized. For example, it can be cropped according to a set duration to obtain multiple seismic records with the same sampling length. It should be noted that the sampling length of the cropped seismic records can be determined based on the approximate depth of the detection target, i.e., an empirical value. Furthermore, the deeper the epicenter, the longer the time it takes for the seismic source to propagate from underground to the surface, and the longer the corresponding sampling duration for cropping the initial seismic data; conversely, the shallower the epicenter, the shorter the sampling duration.

[0063] In one scenario, before cropping the initial seismic data of the passive source into multiple seismic record data, the method further includes: acquiring the initial seismic data of the passive source based on detector detection.

[0064] In one scenario, to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic record data, after cropping the initial seismic data from the passive source into multiple seismic record data, the method further includes: preprocessing the multiple seismic record data, wherein the preprocessing includes filtering and / or denoising.

[0065] Step S102: Overlay the multiple seismic record data to obtain overlaid seismic data.

[0066] By cropping the initial seismic data from passive source detection to the same length, multiple seismic records of the same sampling length can be obtained. These multiple seismic records are then superimposed to obtain a single, stacked seismic record, i.e., the superimposed seismic data. Furthermore, this superposition process suppresses background noise, enhances the effective signal from the passive source, and further improves the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0067] Step S103: Perform migration processing on the superimposed seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles.

[0068] In conventional post-stack migration processing, the stacked recorded data conforms to the principle of an explosive reflector, meaning the seismic source is excited at time zero, and the ground begins receiving the signal from time zero. The excitation and reception times of the source are fixed; therefore, the migration process simply involves extending the wavefield direction to time zero to obtain the migration result. However, in passive imaging, the recorded wavefield's excitation time cannot be determined. Therefore, when the detector begins recording the wavefield, the source may have already been excited for some time or may have only excited after a period of recording. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the initial seismic data from the passive source was detected between 50ms and 100ms, not from the moment of zero. In this case, the timing of the offset imaging cannot be determined during seismic imaging.

[0069] Step S103 uses the time-scan migration method to migrate the recorded wavefield, i.e., the post-stack seismic data, according to different imaging times. The converged migration profile is determined from the migration results, and the final imaging profile of the passive source is determined according to step S104.

[0070] Step S104: The multiple offset profiles are superimposed to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0071] It should be noted that the migration profiles obtained based on multiple imaging time migrations contain imaging results of passive source relocation. However, since the energy of passive sources is generally weak, it is difficult to manually select the imaging result profile from multiple migration profiles. Therefore, this invention superimposes multiple migration profiles obtained by time scanning migration. Imaging profiles with inaccurate imaging time cancel each other out after superposition, while imaging profiles with accurate imaging time have enhanced energy after superposition because the seismic waves converge at the imaging position, thus obtaining the final passive source imaging result profile.

[0072] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the location of a passive seismic source provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 To Figure 3 Multiple imaging profiles were obtained by time-scanning migration of the initial seismic data from the passive source shown. Figure 4 As can be seen, the imaging profile at seismic trace number 100 and detection recording time of 50ms has the best convergence. Therefore, this imaging profile can be manually selected as the imaging profile of the passive source. In practical applications, in order to better avoid the difficulty of manual selection, the final imaging profile can also be obtained by superimposing the various imaging profiles.

[0073] As described above, the seismic imaging scheme for passive sources provided by this invention involves scanning and migrating the stacked seismic data at multiple excitation times, and then superimposing the migration results from different excitation times, i.e., multiple migration profiles. It should be noted that for migration profiles with inaccurate excitation times, the corresponding seismic record data can cancel each other out. Therefore, by superimposing multiple migration profiles, accurate seismic imaging of passive sources can be obtained, thus solving the problem of uncertain excitation times of passive sources and achieving precise location and imaging processing of passive sources. This provides an efficient and accurate processing scheme for microseismic monitoring and passive source location. Moreover, this method is simple to implement, provides accurate location, and offers an effective processing technology for passive source imaging.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] like Figure 5 The diagram shown is another flowchart of a seismic imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method may include the following steps:

[0076] Step S201: Calculate the maximum propagation time of the vibration at the maximum target depth of the passive seismic source to the ground.

[0077] Step S202: The initial seismic data is cropped according to the maximum propagation time to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length.

[0078] Step S203: Overlay the multiple seismic record data to obtain overlaid seismic data.

[0079] Step S204: Perform migration processing on the superimposed seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles.

[0080] Step S205: The multiple offset profiles are superimposed to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0081] It should be noted that, Figure 5 The method embodiments shown have Figure 1 In addition to all the intended effects of the method embodiments shown, Figure 5 The illustrated method embodiment provides a way to set the source excitation time when cropping initial seismic data. Additionally, Figure 5 The method embodiment shown is only one specific way to determine the excitation time of the seismic source. Of course, there are other ways to set it, such as setting it based on empirical values. Figure 5 The specific method of source excitation time in the illustrated embodiment should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] like Figure 6 The diagram shown is another flowchart of a seismic imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method may include the following steps:

[0084] Step S301: The initial seismic data of the passive source is cropped into multiple seismic record data.

[0085] Step S302: Overlay the multiple seismic record data to obtain overlaid seismic data.

[0086] Step S303: Perform migration processing on the superimposed seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles.

[0087] Step S304: The multiple offset profiles are superimposed to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0088] Step S305: Locate the passive seismic source based on the multiple offset profiles.

[0089] In one scenario, the step of locating the passive seismic source based on the plurality of offset profiles includes: selecting a target imaging profile from the plurality of offset profiles where seismic record data converges; obtaining the target excitation time corresponding to the target imaging profile; and calculating the depth information of the passive seismic source based on the target excitation time.

[0090] It should be noted that, Figure 6 The method embodiments shown have Figure 1 In addition to all the intended effects of the method embodiments shown, Figure 6 The illustrated method embodiment provides a specific way to obtain multiple migration profiles. By migrating the stacked seismic data according to a set source excitation time, multiple migration profiles can be obtained. Similarly, Figure 6 The method embodiments shown are merely one specific implementation of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0091] Example 4

[0092] The seismic imaging device provided in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0093] like Figure 7 The diagram shown is a structural diagram of a seismic imaging device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The device includes:

[0094] The initial data trimming module 410 is used to trim the initial seismic data of the passive source into multiple seismic record data.

[0095] The seismic data overlay module 420 is used to overlay the multiple seismic record data to obtain overlay seismic data;

[0096] The post-stack data migration module 430 is used to migrate the stacked seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles.

[0097] The imaging profile overlay module 440 is used to overlay the multiple offset profiles to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0098] As described above, the seismic imaging scheme for passive sources provided by this invention involves scanning and migrating the stacked seismic data at multiple excitation times, and then superimposing the migration results from different excitation times, i.e., multiple migration profiles. It should be noted that for migration profiles with inaccurate excitation times, the corresponding seismic record data can cancel each other out. Therefore, by superimposing multiple migration profiles, accurate seismic imaging of passive sources can be obtained, thus solving the problem of uncertain excitation times of passive sources and achieving precise location and imaging processing of passive sources. This provides an efficient and accurate processing scheme for microseismic monitoring and passive source location. Moreover, this method is simple to implement, provides accurate location, and offers an effective processing technology for passive source imaging.

[0099] In one case, such as Figure 8 As shown, the device also includes an initial data acquisition module 450, which is used to acquire the initial seismic data of the passive source based on the detector before the initial data clipping module 410 clips the initial seismic data of the passive source into multiple seismic record data.

[0100] In one scenario, the initial data trimming module 410 is used to trim the initial seismic data according to a set duration to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length.

[0101] In one scenario, the initial data trimming module 410 is specifically used to calculate the maximum propagation time of vibration at the maximum target depth of the passive source to the ground; and to trim the initial seismic data according to the maximum propagation time to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length.

[0102] In one case, such as Figure 9 As shown, the device further includes a preprocessing module 460, which is used to preprocess the multiple seismic record data after the initial data clipping module 410 clips the initial seismic data of the passive source into multiple seismic record data, wherein the preprocessing includes filtering and / or noise reduction.

[0103] In one case, such as Figure 10 As shown, the device also includes a source location module 470, which is used to locate the passive source based on the multiple migration profiles after the post-stack data migration module performs migration processing on the stacked seismic data according to the set source excitation time.

[0104] In one scenario, the seismic source location module 470 is specifically used to select a target imaging profile from the plurality of offset profiles where the seismic record data converges; obtain the target excitation time corresponding to the target imaging profile; and calculate the depth information of the passive source based on the target excitation time.

[0105] Example 5

[0106] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a computer device, such as... Figure 11 As shown, it includes a memory 510, a processor 520, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor performing the above.

[0107] In some cases, the method implemented by the processor when executing the computer program may include steps S101 to S104:

[0108] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a seismic imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The seismic imaging method may include the following steps:

[0109] Step S101: The initial seismic data of the passive source is cropped into multiple seismic record data.

[0110] The initial seismic data mentioned above are the results of continuous detection over a long period. To facilitate subsequent time-scan migration and overlay processing, the initial seismic data needs to be regularized. For example, it can be cropped according to a set duration to obtain multiple seismic records with the same sampling length. It should be noted that the sampling length of the cropped seismic records can be determined based on the approximate depth of the detection target, i.e., an empirical value. Furthermore, the deeper the epicenter, the longer the time it takes for the seismic source to propagate from underground to the surface, and the longer the corresponding sampling duration for cropping the initial seismic data; conversely, the shallower the epicenter, the shorter the sampling duration.

[0111] In one scenario, before cropping the initial seismic data of the passive source into multiple seismic record data, the method further includes: acquiring the initial seismic data of the passive source based on detector detection.

[0112] In one scenario, to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic record data, after cropping the initial seismic data from the passive source into multiple seismic record data, the method further includes: preprocessing the multiple seismic record data, wherein the preprocessing includes filtering and / or denoising.

[0113] Step S102: Overlay the multiple seismic record data to obtain overlaid seismic data.

[0114] By cropping the initial seismic data from passive source detection to the same length, multiple seismic records of the same sampling length can be obtained. These multiple seismic records are then superimposed to obtain a single, stacked seismic record, i.e., the superimposed seismic data. Furthermore, this superposition process suppresses background noise, enhances the effective signal from the passive source, and further improves the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0115] Step S103: Perform migration processing on the superimposed seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles.

[0116] In conventional post-stack migration processing, the stacked recorded data conforms to the principle of an explosive reflector, meaning the seismic source is excited at time zero, and the ground begins receiving the signal from time zero. The excitation and reception times of the source are fixed; therefore, the migration process simply involves extending the wavefield direction to time zero to obtain the migration result. However, in passive imaging, the recorded wavefield's excitation time cannot be determined. Therefore, when the detector begins recording the wavefield, the source may have already been excited for some time or may have only excited after a period of recording. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the initial seismic data from the passive source was detected between 50ms and 100ms, not from the moment of zero. In this case, the timing of the offset imaging cannot be determined during seismic imaging.

[0117] Step S103 uses the time-scan migration method to migrate the recorded wavefield, i.e., the post-stack seismic data, according to different imaging times. The converged migration profile is determined from the migration results, and the final imaging profile of the passive source is determined according to step S104.

[0118] Step S104: The multiple offset profiles are superimposed to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0119] It should be noted that the migration profiles obtained based on multiple imaging time migrations contain imaging results of passive source relocation. However, since the energy of passive sources is generally weak, it is difficult to manually select the imaging result profile from multiple migration profiles. Therefore, this invention superimposes multiple migration profiles obtained by time scanning migration. Imaging profiles with inaccurate imaging time cancel each other out after superposition, while imaging profiles with accurate imaging time have enhanced energy after superposition because the seismic waves converge at the imaging position, thus obtaining the final passive source imaging result profile.

[0120] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the location of a passive seismic source provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 To Figure 3 Multiple imaging profiles were obtained by time-scanning migration of the initial seismic data from the passive source shown. Figure 4 As can be seen, the imaging profile at seismic trace number 100 and detection recording time of 50ms has the best convergence. Therefore, this imaging profile can be manually selected as the imaging profile of the passive source. In practical applications, in order to better avoid the difficulty of manual selection, the final imaging profile can also be obtained by superimposing the various imaging profiles.

[0121] As described above, the seismic imaging scheme for passive sources provided by this invention involves scanning and migrating the stacked seismic data at multiple excitation times, and then superimposing the migration results from different excitation times, i.e., multiple migration profiles. It should be noted that for migration profiles with inaccurate excitation times, the corresponding seismic record data can cancel each other out. Therefore, by superimposing multiple migration profiles, accurate seismic imaging of passive sources can be obtained, thus solving the problem of uncertain excitation times of passive sources and achieving precise location and imaging processing of passive sources. This provides an efficient and accurate processing scheme for microseismic monitoring and passive source location. Moreover, this method is simple to implement, provides accurate location, and offers an effective processing technology for passive source imaging.

[0122] In other cases, the method implemented by the processor when executing the computer program may include steps S201 to S205:

[0123] like Figure 5 The diagram shown is another flowchart of a seismic imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method may include the following steps:

[0124] Step S201: Calculate the maximum propagation time of the vibration at the maximum target depth of the passive seismic source to the ground.

[0125] Step S202: The initial seismic data is cropped according to the maximum propagation time to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length.

[0126] Step S203: Overlay the multiple seismic record data to obtain overlaid seismic data.

[0127] Step S204: Perform migration processing on the superimposed seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles.

[0128] Step S205: The multiple offset profiles are superimposed to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0129] It should be noted that, Figure 5 The method embodiments shown have Figure 1 In addition to all the intended effects of the method embodiments shown, Figure 5 The illustrated method embodiment provides a way to set the source excitation time when cropping initial seismic data. Additionally, Figure 5 The method embodiment shown is only one specific way to determine the excitation time of the seismic source. Of course, there are other ways to set it, such as setting it based on empirical values. Figure 5 The specific method of source excitation time in the illustrated embodiment should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0130] In other cases, the method implemented by the processor when executing the computer program may include steps S301 to S305:

[0131] like Figure 6 The diagram shown is another flowchart of a seismic imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method may include the following steps:

[0132] Step S301: The initial seismic data of the passive source is cropped into multiple seismic record data.

[0133] Step S302: Overlay the multiple seismic record data to obtain overlaid seismic data.

[0134] Step S303: Perform migration processing on the superimposed seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles.

[0135] Step S304: The multiple offset profiles are superimposed to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0136] Step S305: Locate the passive seismic source based on the multiple offset profiles.

[0137] In one scenario, the step of locating the passive seismic source based on the plurality of offset profiles includes: selecting a target imaging profile from the plurality of offset profiles where seismic record data converges; obtaining the target excitation time corresponding to the target imaging profile; and calculating the depth information of the passive seismic source based on the target excitation time.

[0138] The computer device may be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server, etc. The computer device may include, but is not limited to, processor 520 and memory 510. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 11 This is merely an example of a computer device and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device. It may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, the computer device may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0139] The processor 520 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0140] The memory 510 can be an internal storage unit of the computer device, such as a hard drive or RAM. The memory 510 can also be an external storage device of the computer device, such as a plug-in hard drive, Smart Media Card (SMC), Secure Digital (SD) card, or Flash Card. Furthermore, the memory 510 can include both internal and external storage units. The memory 510 is used to store the computer program and other programs and data required by the computer device. The memory 510 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0141] Example 6

[0142] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be a computer-readable storage medium included in the memory described in the above embodiments; or it may be a standalone computer-readable storage medium not assembled into a computer device. The computer-readable storage medium stores one or more computer programs, which, when executed by a processor, implement the methods described above.

[0143] In some cases, the method implemented by the processor when executing the computer program may include steps S101 to S104:

[0144] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a seismic imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The seismic imaging method may include the following steps:

[0145] Step S101: The initial seismic data of the passive source is cropped into multiple seismic record data.

[0146] The initial seismic data mentioned above are the results of continuous detection over a long period. To facilitate subsequent time-scan migration and overlay processing, the initial seismic data needs to be regularized. For example, it can be cropped according to a set duration to obtain multiple seismic records with the same sampling length. It should be noted that the sampling length of the cropped seismic records can be determined based on the approximate depth of the detection target, i.e., an empirical value. Furthermore, the deeper the epicenter, the longer the time it takes for the seismic source to propagate from underground to the surface, and the longer the corresponding sampling duration for cropping the initial seismic data; conversely, the shallower the epicenter, the shorter the sampling duration.

[0147] In one scenario, before cropping the initial seismic data of the passive source into multiple seismic record data, the method further includes: acquiring the initial seismic data of the passive source based on detector detection.

[0148] In one scenario, to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic record data, after cropping the initial seismic data from the passive source into multiple seismic record data, the method further includes: preprocessing the multiple seismic record data, wherein the preprocessing includes filtering and / or denoising.

[0149] Step S102: Overlay the multiple seismic record data to obtain overlaid seismic data.

[0150] By cropping the initial seismic data from passive source detection to the same length, multiple seismic records of the same sampling length can be obtained. These multiple seismic records are then superimposed to obtain a single, stacked seismic record, i.e., the superimposed seismic data. Furthermore, this superposition process suppresses background noise, enhances the effective signal from the passive source, and further improves the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0151] Step S103: Perform migration processing on the superimposed seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles.

[0152] In conventional post-stack migration processing, the stacked recorded data conforms to the principle of an explosive reflector, meaning the seismic source is excited at time zero, and the ground begins receiving the signal from time zero. The excitation and reception times of the source are fixed; therefore, the migration process simply involves extending the wavefield direction to time zero to obtain the migration result. However, in passive imaging, the recorded wavefield's excitation time cannot be determined. Therefore, when the detector begins recording the wavefield, the source may have already been excited for some time or may have only excited after a period of recording. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the initial seismic data from the passive source was detected between 50ms and 100ms, not from the moment of zero. In this case, the timing of the offset imaging cannot be determined during seismic imaging.

[0153] Step S103 uses the time-scan migration method to migrate the recorded wavefield, i.e., the post-stack seismic data, according to different imaging times. The converged migration profile is determined from the migration results, and the final imaging profile of the passive source is determined according to step S104.

[0154] Step S104: The multiple offset profiles are superimposed to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0155] It should be noted that the migration profiles obtained based on multiple imaging time migrations contain imaging results of passive source relocation. However, since the energy of passive sources is generally weak, it is difficult to manually select the imaging result profile from multiple migration profiles. Therefore, this invention superimposes multiple migration profiles obtained by time scanning migration. Imaging profiles with inaccurate imaging time cancel each other out after superposition, while imaging profiles with accurate imaging time have enhanced energy after superposition because the seismic waves converge at the imaging position, thus obtaining the final passive source imaging result profile.

[0156] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the location of a passive seismic source provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 To Figure 3 Multiple imaging profiles were obtained by time-scanning migration of the initial seismic data from the passive source shown. Figure 4 As can be seen, the imaging profile at seismic trace number 100 and detection recording time of 50ms has the best convergence. Therefore, this imaging profile can be manually selected as the imaging profile of the passive source. In practical applications, in order to better avoid the difficulty of manual selection, the final imaging profile can also be obtained by superimposing the various imaging profiles.

[0157] As described above, the seismic imaging scheme for passive sources provided by this invention involves scanning and migrating the stacked seismic data at multiple excitation times, and then superimposing the migration results from different excitation times, i.e., multiple migration profiles. It should be noted that for migration profiles with inaccurate excitation times, the corresponding seismic record data can cancel each other out. Therefore, by superimposing multiple migration profiles, accurate seismic imaging of passive sources can be obtained, thus solving the problem of uncertain excitation times of passive sources and achieving precise location and imaging processing of passive sources. This provides an efficient and accurate processing scheme for microseismic monitoring and passive source location. Moreover, this method is simple to implement, provides accurate location, and offers an effective processing technology for passive source imaging.

[0158] In other cases, the method implemented by the processor when executing the computer program may include steps S201 to S205:

[0159] like Figure 5 The diagram shown is another flowchart of a seismic imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method may include the following steps:

[0160] Step S201: Calculate the maximum propagation time of the vibration at the maximum target depth of the passive seismic source to the ground.

[0161] Step S202: The initial seismic data is cropped according to the maximum propagation time to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length.

[0162] Step S203: Overlay the multiple seismic record data to obtain overlaid seismic data.

[0163] Step S204: Perform migration processing on the superimposed seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles.

[0164] Step S205: The multiple offset profiles are superimposed to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0165] It should be noted that, Figure 5 The method embodiments shown have Figure 1 In addition to all the intended effects of the method embodiments shown, Figure 5 The illustrated method embodiment provides a way to set the source excitation time when cropping initial seismic data. Additionally, Figure 5 The method embodiment shown is only one specific way to determine the excitation time of the seismic source. Of course, there are other ways to set it, such as setting it based on empirical values. Figure 5 The specific method of source excitation time in the illustrated embodiment should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0166] In other cases, the method implemented by the processor when executing the computer program may include steps S301 to S305:

[0167] like Figure 6 The diagram shown is another flowchart of a seismic imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method may include the following steps:

[0168] Step S301: The initial seismic data of the passive source is cropped into multiple seismic record data.

[0169] Step S302: Overlay the multiple seismic record data to obtain overlaid seismic data.

[0170] Step S303: Perform migration processing on the superimposed seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles.

[0171] Step S304: The multiple offset profiles are superimposed to obtain the imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

[0172] Step S305: Locate the passive seismic source based on the multiple offset profiles.

[0173] In one scenario, the step of locating the passive seismic source based on the plurality of offset profiles includes: selecting a target imaging profile from the plurality of offset profiles where seismic record data converges; obtaining the target excitation time corresponding to the target imaging profile; and calculating the depth information of the passive seismic source based on the target excitation time.

[0174] If the integrated module / unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory 510, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content included in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately added or removed according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0175] For system or device embodiments, since they are basically similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to in the description of the method embodiments.

[0176] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0177] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0178] It should be understood that the terminology used in this application specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. As used in this application specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0179] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0180] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrases "if determined" or "if the described condition or event is detected" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "once determined," "in response to determination," "once the described condition or event is detected," or "in response to the detection of the described condition or event."

[0181] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0182] While the embodiments disclosed in this invention are as described above, the content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make any modifications and changes in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein; however, the scope of protection of this invention shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of seismic imaging, characterized by, The method comprises: cutting initial seismic data of a passive seismic source into multiple seismic record data; stacking the multiple seismic record data to obtain stacked seismic data; performing migration processing on the stacked seismic data according to a set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles; stacking the multiple migration profiles to obtain an imaging profile of the passive seismic source; the step of cutting the initial seismic data of the passive seismic source into multiple seismic record data comprises: cutting the initial seismic data according to a set time length to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length; the step of cutting the initial seismic data according to a set time length to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length comprises: calculating the maximum propagation time of vibration propagation to the ground at the maximum target depth of the passive seismic source; cutting the initial seismic data according to the maximum propagation time to obtain multiple seismic record data with the same sampling length.

2. The seismic imaging method of claim 1, wherein, Before the initial seismic data of the passive seismic source is cut into multiple seismic record data, the method further comprises: obtaining the initial seismic data of the passive seismic source detected based on a geophone.

3. The seismic imaging method of claim 1, wherein, After the initial seismic data of the passive seismic source is cut into multiple seismic record data, the method further comprises: performing preprocessing on the multiple seismic record data, wherein the preprocessing comprises filtering processing and / or denoising processing.

4. The seismic imaging method of claim 1, wherein, After the migration processing on the stacked seismic data according to the set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles, the method further comprises: positioning the passive seismic source based on the multiple migration profiles.

5. The seismic imaging method of claim 4, wherein, The step of positioning the passive seismic source based on the multiple migration profiles comprises: selecting a target imaging profile with convergent seismic record data from the multiple migration profiles; obtaining a target excitation time corresponding to the target imaging profile; calculating depth information of the passive seismic source based on the target excitation time.

6. A seismic imaging apparatus for implementing the method of seismic imaging according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The device comprises: an initial data cutting module configured to cut initial seismic data of a passive seismic source into multiple seismic record data; a seismic data stacking module configured to stack the multiple seismic record data to obtain stacked seismic data; a post-stack data migration module configured to perform migration processing on the stacked seismic data according to a set source excitation time to obtain multiple migration profiles; an imaging profile stacking module configured to stack the multiple migration profiles to obtain an imaging profile of the passive seismic source.

7. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that, The program is executed by the processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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