Photothermal nuclear storage integrated energy system coupling liquid metal reactor and molten salt reactor

Abstract

The application discloses a light-thermal nuclear storage comprehensive energy system coupled with a liquid metal reactor and a molten salt reactor, which comprises fluorine salt high and low temperature molten pools, nitrate high and low temperature molten pools, a circulating pump loop, a fluorine salt reactor, a lead-based reactor, a sodium-cooled fast reactor and a light-thermal tower heat source, and a high and low temperature supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system; the reactor and the light-thermal tower serve as heat sources, the fluorine salt and nitrate energy storage systems serve as intermediate heat transfer systems, provide four temperature process heat interfaces, and can adapt to changes in demand power, slow down the power regulation rate, and maintain the balance of the reactor coolant temperature; the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system is used for realizing heat-to-power conversion; the application makes full use of stable nuclear energy and clean solar energy, provides an efficient energy conversion scheme, and provides corresponding interfaces for high temperature process heat below 700 DEG C, including but not limited to thermochemical hydrogen production, cracking, methanol production, papermaking, salt water desalination and industrial heat supply, and is helpful for the development of reactor, light-thermal and energy storage technologies in China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of nuclear energy development and new energy technology, specifically relating to a solar thermal nuclear storage integrated energy system that couples a liquid metal reactor and a molten salt reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Fluorine-cooled high-temperature reactors offer advantages such as high temperature and low pressure, waterless cooling, inherent safety, and compact structure, enabling efficient power generation in remote and arid regions while providing high-temperature process heat exceeding 700°C. However, molten salts have a high freezing point, typically above 450°C, and fluorine-cooled reactor core inlet temperatures are high, usually above 600°C. This means that providing high-temperature process heat below 600°C using fluorine-cooled reactors necessitates cooling the working fluid, leading to irreversible losses. Sodium-cooled fast reactors and lead-based reactors possess inherent safety characteristics, typically achieving operating temperatures of 400-500°C and capable of fuel breeding. However, their core outlet temperatures are lower, resulting in lower thermal efficiency compared to fluorine-cooled reactor systems. Furthermore, considering the abundant but unstable solar thermal resources in western my country, they cannot be fully utilized as a baseline load. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the stability of solar thermal systems, enhance reactor system thermal efficiency, and improve comprehensive utilization capabilities. In summary, the development of a comprehensive solar thermal and nuclear energy system based on liquid metal reactors and fluoride-salt reactors can not only meet the energy production, power transmission from the west to the east, and energy storage needs of western regions, but also make full use of renewable solar thermal energy and promote the deployment of related process thermal technologies. This will help promote the accumulation and joint development of my country's reactor, solar thermal, and energy storage markets and technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a solar thermal nuclear storage integrated energy system that couples liquid metal reactor and molten salt reactor. Under the premise of making full use of sunlight, different temperatures can be controlled by changing the flow rate of circulating salt inside the solar thermal tower. This system can connect high-temperature process heat of 400-700℃ into a whole industrial equipment, making full use of the heat at each temperature level to achieve multi-energy utilization and reduce irreversible losses.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A combined solar thermal nuclear energy system coupling a liquid metal reactor and a molten salt reactor includes a fluoride salt high-temperature molten pool P1, a fluoride salt high-temperature process heat interface H1, a fluoride salt low-temperature molten pool P2, a fluoride salt low-temperature process heat interface H2, a nitrate salt high-temperature molten pool P3, a nitrate salt high-temperature process heat interface H3, a nitrate salt low-temperature molten pool P4, a nitrate salt low-temperature process heat interface H4, a first circulation pump U1, a second circulation pump U2, a third circulation pump U3, a fourth circulation pump U4, a fifth circulation pump U5, a sixth circulation pump U6, a seventh circulation pump U7, a fluoride salt reactor R1, a lead-based reactor R2, a sodium-cooled fast reactor R3, a solar thermal tower T, a solar thermal tower fluoride salt high-temperature molten pool TH, a solar thermal tower nitrate low-temperature molten pool TL, a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BH, and a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BL.

[0006] The outlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool P1 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1 in the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BH. The hot-side outlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1 is connected to the inlet of the first circulating pump U1. The outlet of the first circulating pump U1 is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool P2. The first inlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool P1 is connected to the coolant outlet of the fluoride stack R1. The coolant inlet of the fluoride stack R1 is connected to the outlet of the second circulating pump U2. The inlet of the second circulating pump U2 is connected to the first outlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool P2. The second inlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool P1 is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool TH in the solar thermal tower T. The inlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool TH in the solar thermal tower is connected to the outlet of the third circulating pump U3. The inlet of the third circulating pump U3 is connected to the second outlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool P2.

[0007] The outlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool P3 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2 in the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BL. The hot-side outlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2 is connected to the inlet of the fourth circulation pump U4. The outlet of the fourth circulation pump U4 is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool P4. The first inlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool P3 is connected to the coolant outlet of the lead-based reactor R2. The coolant inlet of the lead-based reactor R2 is connected to the outlet of the fifth circulation pump U5. The inlet of the fifth circulation pump U5 is connected to the first outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool P4. The inlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool P3 is connected to the coolant outlet of the sodium-cooled fast reactor R3. The coolant inlet of the sodium-cooled fast reactor R3 is connected to the outlet of the sixth circulating pump U6. The inlet of the sixth circulating pump U6 is connected to the second outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool P4. The third inlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool P3 is connected to the outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool TL in the solar thermal tower T. The inlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool TL in the solar thermal tower T is connected to the outlet of the seventh circulating pump U7. The inlet of the seventh circulating pump U7 is connected to the third outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool P4.

[0008] The second outlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool P1 is connected to the high-temperature fluoride process hot interface H1, the third outlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool P2 is connected to the low-temperature fluoride process hot interface H2, the second outlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool P3 is connected to the high-temperature nitrate process hot interface H3, and the fourth outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool P4 is connected to the low-temperature nitrate process hot interface H4.

[0009] The high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BH internally includes a first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1, a first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1, a first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1, a first cooler C1, a first main compressor MC1, a first auxiliary compressor RC1, a first turbine HT1, a first flow splitter S1, and a first flow merging device M1. The cold-side outlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1 is connected to the inlet of the first turbine HT1, the outlet of the first turbine HT1 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1, the hot-side outlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1 ​​is connected to the hot-side inlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1, and the hot-side outlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1 is connected to the inlet of the first flow splitter S1. The first outlet of the first diverting device S1 is connected to the inlet of the first cooler C1, the outlet of the first cooler C1 is connected to the inlet of the first main compressor MC1, the outlet of the first main compressor MC1 is connected to the cold side inlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1, the cold side outlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1 is connected to the first inlet of the first merging device M1, the second outlet of the first diverting device S1 is connected to the inlet of the first auxiliary compressor RC1, the outlet of the first auxiliary compressor RC1 is connected to the second inlet of the first merging device M1, the outlet of the first merging device M1 is connected to the cold side inlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1, and the cold side outlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1 ​​is connected to the cold side inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1.

[0010] The low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BL internally includes a second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2, a second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2, a second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2, a second cooler C2, a second main compressor MC2, a second auxiliary compressor RC2, a second turbine HT2, a second flow splitter S2, and a second flow merging device M2. The cold-side outlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2 is connected to the inlet of the second turbine HT2, the outlet of the second turbine HT2 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2, the hot-side outlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2, and the hot-side outlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2 is connected to the inlet of the second flow splitter S2. The first outlet of the second diverter S2 is connected to the inlet of the second cooler C2. The outlet of the second cooler C2 is connected to the inlet of the second main compressor MC2. The outlet of the second main compressor MC2 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2. The cold-side outlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2 is connected to the first inlet of the second merging device M2. The second outlet of the second diverter S2 is connected to the inlet of the second auxiliary compressor RC2. The outlet of the second auxiliary compressor RC2 is connected to the second inlet of the second merging device M2. The outlet of the second merging device M2 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2. The cold-side outlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2.

[0011] The equipment using FLiNaK salt as the working medium includes: high-temperature molten pool P1 of fluoride salt, high-temperature process heat interface H1 of fluoride salt, low-temperature molten pool P2 of fluoride salt, low-temperature process heat interface H2 of fluoride salt, first circulating pump U1, second circulating pump U2, third circulating pump U3, external coolant of fluoride salt stack R1, high-temperature molten pool TH of solar thermal tower, and the hot side of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1 of high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BH.

[0012] The equipment using KNO3+NaNO3 salt as working fluid includes: nitrate high-temperature molten pool P3, nitrate high-temperature process heat interface H3, nitrate low-temperature molten pool P4, nitrate low-temperature process heat interface H4, fourth circulation pump U4, fifth circulation pump U5, sixth circulation pump U6, seventh circulation pump U7, lead-based reactor R2 external coolant, sodium-cooled fast reactor R3 external coolant, solar thermal tower nitric acid low-temperature molten pool TL, and low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BL second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2 hot side.

[0013] The equipment using supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid includes: the cold side of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1, the first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1, the first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1, the first cooler C1, the first main compressor MC1, the first auxiliary compressor RC1, the first turbine HT1, the first flow splitting device S1, the first flow merging device M1, the cold side of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2, the second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2, the second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2, the second cooler C2, the second main compressor MC2, the second auxiliary compressor RC2, the second turbine HT2, the second flow splitting device S2, and the second flow merging device M2.

[0014] The process heat output of the high-temperature process heat interface H1 for fluoride salts is 700℃, the process heat output of the low-temperature process heat interface H2 for fluoride salts is 650℃, the process heat output of the high-temperature process heat interface H3 for nitrates is 500℃, and the process heat output of the low-temperature process heat interface H4 for nitrates is 400℃. The process heat output values ​​of each type of process heat interface can have a deviation of ±25℃.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0016] Multi-temperature cascade utilization: This invention fully utilizes the process heat of fluoride-salt reactors (650-700℃), sodium-cooled fast reactors, and lead-based reactors (400-500℃). The solar thermal tower can adapt to different temperatures by changing the flow rate of the internal circulating salt. Industrial processes achievable within this temperature range include, but are not limited to, copper-chlorine cycle thermochemical hydrogen production, cracking, methanol production, papermaking, brine desalination, and industrial heating. This contributes to promoting technological accumulation and collaborative development in my country's reactor, solar thermal, and energy storage markets.

[0017] Good load stability and nuclear safety: The volumetric heat capacities of FLiNaK salt and KNO3+NaNO3 salt are approximately 4000 and 2800 kJ / m³, respectively, and the large pool structure provides good thermal inertia and temperature stability. When the grid demand load changes, the rapid response of the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle can promptly reflect the power change in the hot-end heat exchanger. At this time, rapid power matching can be achieved by adjusting the flow rates of the first and fourth circulation pumps. After the flow rate changes, the temperature does not change immediately due to the large volumetric heat capacity of the molten pool, and the reactor has sufficient response time to adjust the power to stabilize the core inlet and outlet temperatures. Therefore, this invention balances load stability and reactor safety.

[0018] Fully utilize solar thermal energy: Compared with simple solar thermal energy devices, this invention does not interfere with the energy input of solar thermal energy. The solar thermal tower always inputs the maximum available power, and the output power is stabilized by buffering the molten pool and adjusting the delayed power of the reactor. This enables full utilization of solar thermal energy and improves economic efficiency.

[0019] Modular design: The molten salt pool, solar thermal tower, reactor, and power cycle system of this invention can all be constructed, transported, and installed in a modular manner. The temperature range and the number of reactors put into operation can also be adjusted according to the needs of different regions, which has good flexibility.

[0020] Closed fuel cycle: The breeding technology in the fast neutron reactor of the present invention can provide new fission fuel for high-temperature fluorine salt reactors, which helps to close the fuel cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a combined solar thermal nuclear energy system that couples a liquid metal reactor and a molten salt reactor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the integrated solar-thermal nuclear energy system coupling liquid metal reactor and molten salt reactor includes a fluoride salt high-temperature molten pool P1, a fluoride salt high-temperature process heat interface H1, a fluoride salt low-temperature molten pool P2, a fluoride salt low-temperature process heat interface H2, a nitrate salt high-temperature molten pool P3, a nitrate salt high-temperature process heat interface H3, a nitrate salt low-temperature molten pool P4, a nitrate salt low-temperature process heat interface H4, a first circulation pump U1, a second circulation pump U2, a third circulation pump U3, a fourth circulation pump U4, a fifth circulation pump U5, a sixth circulation pump U6, a seventh circulation pump U7, a fluoride salt reactor R1, a lead-based reactor R2, a sodium-cooled fast reactor R3, a solar-thermal tower T, a solar-thermal tower fluoride salt high-temperature molten pool TH, a solar-thermal tower nitrate low-temperature molten pool TL, a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BH, and a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BL.

[0024] The outlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool P1 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1 in the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BH. The hot-side outlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1 is connected to the inlet of the first circulating pump U1. The outlet of the first circulating pump U1 is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool P2. The first inlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool P1 is connected to the coolant outlet of the fluoride stack R1. The coolant inlet of the fluoride stack R1 is connected to the outlet of the second circulating pump U2. The inlet of the second circulating pump U2 is connected to the first outlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool P2. The second inlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool P1 is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool TH in the solar thermal tower T. The inlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool TH in the solar thermal tower is connected to the outlet of the third circulating pump U3. The inlet of the third circulating pump U3 is connected to the second outlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool P2.

[0025] The outlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool P3 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2 in the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BL. The hot-side outlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2 is connected to the inlet of the fourth circulation pump U4. The outlet of the fourth circulation pump U4 is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool P4. The first inlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool P3 is connected to the coolant outlet of the lead-based reactor R2. The coolant inlet of the lead-based reactor R2 is connected to the outlet of the fifth circulation pump U5. The inlet of the fifth circulation pump U5 is connected to the first outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool P4. The inlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool P3 is connected to the coolant outlet of the sodium-cooled fast reactor R3. The coolant inlet of the sodium-cooled fast reactor R3 is connected to the outlet of the sixth circulating pump U6. The inlet of the sixth circulating pump U6 is connected to the second outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool P4. The third inlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool P3 is connected to the outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool TL in the solar thermal tower T. The inlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool TL in the solar thermal tower T is connected to the outlet of the seventh circulating pump U7. The inlet of the seventh circulating pump U7 is connected to the third outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool P4.

[0026] The second outlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool P1 is connected to the high-temperature fluoride process hot interface H1, the third outlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool P2 is connected to the low-temperature fluoride process hot interface H2, the second outlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool P3 is connected to the high-temperature nitrate process hot interface H3, and the fourth outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool P4 is connected to the low-temperature nitrate process hot interface H4.

[0027] The high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BH includes a first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1, a first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1, a first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1, a first cooler C1, a first main compressor MC1, a first auxiliary compressor RC1, a first turbine HT1, a first flow splitter S1, and a first flow merging device M1. The cold-side outlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1 is connected to the inlet of the first turbine HT1, the outlet of the first turbine HT1 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1, the hot-side outlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1 ​​is connected to the hot-side inlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1, and the hot-side outlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1 is connected to the inlet of the first flow splitter S1. The first outlet of the first diverting device S1 is connected to the inlet of the first cooler C1, the outlet of the first cooler C1 is connected to the inlet of the first main compressor MC1, the outlet of the first main compressor MC1 is connected to the cold side inlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1, the cold side outlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1 is connected to the first inlet of the first merging device M1, the second outlet of the first diverting device S1 is connected to the inlet of the first auxiliary compressor RC1, the outlet of the first auxiliary compressor RC1 is connected to the second inlet of the first merging device M1, the outlet of the first merging device M1 is connected to the cold side inlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1, and the cold side outlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1 ​​is connected to the cold side inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1.

[0028] The low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BL internally includes a second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2, a second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2, a second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2, a second cooler C2, a second main compressor MC2, a second auxiliary compressor RC2, a second turbine HT2, a second flow splitter S2, and a second flow merging device M2. The cold-side outlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2 is connected to the inlet of the second turbine HT2, the outlet of the second turbine HT2 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2, the hot-side outlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2, and the hot-side outlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2 is connected to the inlet of the second flow splitter S2. The first outlet of the second diverter S2 is connected to the inlet of the second cooler C2. The outlet of the second cooler C2 is connected to the inlet of the second main compressor MC2. The outlet of the second main compressor MC2 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2. The cold-side outlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2 is connected to the first inlet of the second merging device M2. The second outlet of the second diverter S2 is connected to the inlet of the second auxiliary compressor RC2. The outlet of the second auxiliary compressor RC2 is connected to the second inlet of the second merging device M2. The outlet of the second merging device M2 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2. The cold-side outlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2.

[0029] The equipment using FLiNaK salt as the working medium includes: high-temperature molten pool P1 of fluoride salt, high-temperature process heat interface H1 of fluoride salt, low-temperature molten pool P2 of fluoride salt, low-temperature process heat interface H2 of fluoride salt, first circulating pump U1, second circulating pump U2, third circulating pump U3, external coolant of fluoride salt stack R1, high-temperature molten pool TH of solar thermal tower, and the hot side of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1 of high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BH.

[0030] The equipment using KNO3+NaNO3 salt as working fluid includes: nitrate high-temperature molten pool P3, nitrate high-temperature process heat interface H3, nitrate low-temperature molten pool P4, nitrate low-temperature process heat interface H4, fourth circulation pump U4, fifth circulation pump U5, sixth circulation pump U6, seventh circulation pump U7, lead-based reactor R2 external coolant, sodium-cooled fast reactor R3 external coolant, solar thermal tower nitric acid low-temperature molten pool TL, and low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BL second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2 hot side.

[0031] The equipment using supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid includes: the cold side of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1, the first medium-temperature heat exchanger MX1, the first low-temperature heat exchanger LX1, the first cooler C1, the first main compressor MC1, the first auxiliary compressor RC1, the first turbine HT1, the first flow splitting device S1, the first flow merging device M1, the cold side of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2, the second medium-temperature heat exchanger MX2, the second low-temperature heat exchanger LX2, the second cooler C2, the second main compressor MC2, the second auxiliary compressor RC2, the second turbine HT2, the second flow splitting device S2, and the second flow merging device M2.

[0032] The high-temperature process heat interface H1 for fluoride salts outputs a process heat temperature of 700℃, the low-temperature process heat interface H2 for fluoride salts outputs a process heat temperature of 650℃, the high-temperature process heat interface H3 for nitrates outputs a process heat temperature of 500℃, and the low-temperature process heat interface H4 for nitrates outputs a process heat temperature of 400℃. These process heat temperatures can have a deviation of ±25℃. The 650-700℃ process heat interface can be used for thermochemical hydrogen production, while the 400-500℃ process heat interface can be used for brine desalination, desulfurization, papermaking, and industrial heating.

[0033] The operating process of the system of this invention is as follows: The high-temperature salt from the outlet of the fluoride salt high-temperature molten pool P1 enters the hot-side inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1 in the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system BH. After releasing heat, it enters the inlet of the first circulation pump U1 through the hot-side outlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger HX1 for pressurization, and then returns to the inlet of the fluoride salt low-temperature molten pool P2. The fluoride salt stack R1 is connected in parallel with the fluoride salt high-temperature molten pool TH of the solar thermal tower, providing molten salt circulation to the fluoride salt high-temperature molten pool P1 and the fluoride salt low-temperature molten pool P2. The high-temperature salt from the outlet of the nitrate salt high-temperature molten pool P3 enters the hot-side inlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2 in the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system BL. After releasing heat, it enters the inlet of the fourth circulation pump U4 through the hot-side outlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger HX2 for pressurization, and then returns to the inlet of the nitrate salt low-temperature molten pool P4. The lead-based stack R2 and the sodium-cooled fast stack R3 are connected in parallel with the nitrate low-temperature molten pool TL of the solar thermal tower, providing molten salt circulation to the nitrate salt high-temperature molten pool P3 and the nitrate low-temperature molten pool P4. The high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BH and the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system BL are conventional recompression cycle configurations.

[0034] The system is equipped with temperature and flow sensors, and uses adaptive control logic to adjust flow changes in various components to adapt to power fluctuations and maintain temperature stability. When the grid demand load changes, the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle's rapid response can promptly reflect changes in the power output of the hot-end heat exchanger. At this time, adjusting the flow rates of the first and fourth circulation pumps enables rapid power matching. Due to the large heat capacity of the molten pool, the temperature does not change immediately after a flow change, giving the reactor sufficient response time to adjust the power output and the flow rates of the second, fifth, and sixth circulation pumps to stabilize the core inlet and outlet temperatures.

[0035] This invention uses a reactor and a solar thermal tower as heat sources, and fluoride and nitrate energy storage systems as intermediate heat transfer systems. It provides process heat interfaces at four temperatures and adapts to changes in demand power, slows down reactor regulation rates, and maintains reactor coolant temperature balance. A supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system is used to achieve thermodynamic conversion. This invention fully utilizes stable nuclear energy and clean solar thermal energy, providing a high-efficiency Brayton cycle energy conversion system solution, and providing corresponding temperature interfaces for various high-temperature process heats below 700°C, including but not limited to thermochemical hydrogen production, cracking, methanol production, papermaking, brine desalination, and industrial heating. It helps promote the accumulation and joint development of reactor, solar thermal, and energy storage technologies in my country.

[0036] The above description is a further detailed explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments. It should not be considered that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to this. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such deductions or substitutions should be considered to fall within the scope of patent protection determined by the submitted claims.

Claims

1. A combined solar-thermal nuclear energy system integrating a liquid metal reactor and a molten salt reactor, characterized in that: It includes a high-temperature molten pool of fluoride salts (P1), a high-temperature process heat interface of fluoride salts (H1), a low-temperature molten pool of fluoride salts (P2), a low-temperature process heat interface of fluoride salts (H2), a high-temperature molten pool of nitrates (P3), a high-temperature process heat interface of nitrates (H3), a low-temperature molten pool of nitrates (P4), a low-temperature process heat interface of nitrates (H4), a first circulating pump (U1), a second circulating pump (U2), a third circulating pump (U3), a fourth circulating pump (U4), a fifth circulating pump (U5), a sixth circulating pump (U6), a seventh circulating pump (U7), a fluoride salt stack (R1), a lead-based stack (R2), a sodium-cooled fast stack (R3), a solar thermal tower (T), a high-temperature molten pool of fluoride salts in the solar thermal tower (TH), a low-temperature molten pool of nitrates in the solar thermal tower (TL), a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system (BH), and a low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system (BL); The outlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool (P1) is connected to the hot-side inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger (HX1) in the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system (BH). The hot-side outlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger (HX1) is connected to the inlet of the first circulating pump (U1). The outlet of the first circulating pump (U1) is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool (P2). The first inlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool (P1) is connected to the coolant outlet of the fluoride stack (R1). The coolant inlet of the fluoride stack (R1) is connected to the outlet of the second circulating pump (U2). The inlet of the second circulating pump (U2) is connected to the first outlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool (P2). The second inlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool (P1) is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool (TH) in the solar thermal tower (T). The inlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool (TH) in the solar thermal tower is connected to the outlet of the third circulating pump (U3). The inlet of the third circulating pump (U3) is connected to the second outlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool (P2). The outlet of the nitrate high-temperature molten pool (P3) is connected to the hot-side inlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger (HX2) in the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system (BL). The hot-side outlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger (HX2) is connected to the inlet of the fourth circulating pump (U4). The outlet of the fourth circulating pump (U4) is connected to the inlet of the nitrate low-temperature molten pool (P4). The first inlet of the nitrate high-temperature molten pool (P3) is connected to the coolant outlet of the lead-based reactor (R2). The coolant inlet of the lead-based reactor (R2) is connected to the outlet of the fifth circulating pump (U5). The inlet of the fifth circulating pump (U5) is connected to the first outlet of the nitrate low-temperature molten pool (P4). The inlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool (P3) is connected to the coolant outlet of the sodium-cooled fast reactor (R3). The coolant inlet of the sodium-cooled fast reactor (R3) is connected to the outlet of the sixth circulating pump (U6). The inlet of the sixth circulating pump (U6) is connected to the second outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool (P4). The third inlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool (P3) is connected to the outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool (TL) in the solar thermal tower (T). The inlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool (TL) is connected to the outlet of the seventh circulating pump (U7). The inlet of the seventh circulating pump (U7) is connected to the third outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool (P4). The second outlet of the high-temperature fluoride molten pool (P1) is connected to the high-temperature fluoride process hot interface (H1), the third outlet of the low-temperature fluoride molten pool (P2) is connected to the low-temperature fluoride process hot interface (H2), the second outlet of the high-temperature nitrate molten pool (P3) is connected to the high-temperature nitrate process hot interface (H3), and the fourth outlet of the low-temperature nitrate molten pool (P4) is connected to the low-temperature nitrate process hot interface (H4). The high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle (BH) system includes a first high-temperature heat exchanger (HX1), a first medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX1), a first low-temperature heat exchanger (LX1), a first cooler (C1), a first main compressor (MC1), a first auxiliary compressor (RC1), a first turbine (HT1), a first flow divider (S1), and a first flow combiner (M1). The cold-side outlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger (HX1) is connected to the inlet of the first turbine (HT1), the outlet of the first turbine (HT1) is connected to the hot-side inlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX1), the hot-side outlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX1) is connected to the hot-side inlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger (LX1), and the hot-side outlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger (LX1) is connected to the inlet of the first flow divider (S1). The connection is as follows: the first outlet of the first diverter (S1) is connected to the inlet of the first cooler (C1); the outlet of the first cooler (C1) is connected to the inlet of the first main compressor (MC1); the outlet of the first main compressor (MC1) is connected to the cold-side inlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger (LX1); the cold-side outlet of the first low-temperature heat exchanger (LX1) is connected to the first inlet of the first merging device (M1); the second outlet of the first diverter (S1) is connected to the inlet of the first auxiliary compressor (RC1); the outlet of the first auxiliary compressor (RC1) is connected to the second inlet of the first merging device (M1); the outlet of the first merging device (M1) is connected to the cold-side inlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX1); and the cold-side outlet of the first medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX1) is connected to the cold-side inlet of the first high-temperature heat exchanger (HX1). The low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle (BL) system includes a second high-temperature heat exchanger (HX2), a second medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX2), a second low-temperature heat exchanger (LX2), a second cooler (C2), a second main compressor (MC2), a second auxiliary compressor (RC2), a second turbine (HT2), a second flow divider (S2), and a second flow combiner (M2). The cold-side outlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger (HX2) is connected to the inlet of the second turbine (HT2), the outlet of the second turbine (HT2) is connected to the hot-side inlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX2), the hot-side outlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX2) is connected to the hot-side inlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger (LX2), and the hot-side outlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger (LX2) is connected to the inlet of the second flow divider (S2). The connections are as follows: the first outlet of the second diverter (S2) is connected to the inlet of the second cooler (C2); the outlet of the second cooler (C2) is connected to the inlet of the second main compressor (MC2); the outlet of the second main compressor (MC2) is connected to the cold-side inlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger (LX2); the cold-side outlet of the second low-temperature heat exchanger (LX2) is connected to the first inlet of the second merging device (M2); the second outlet of the second diverter (S2) is connected to the inlet of the second auxiliary compressor (RC2); the outlet of the second auxiliary compressor (RC2) is connected to the second inlet of the second merging device (M2); the outlet of the second merging device (M2) is connected to the cold-side inlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX2); and the cold-side outlet of the second medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX2) is connected to the cold-side inlet of the second high-temperature heat exchanger (HX2).

2. The integrated solar-thermal nuclear energy system coupling liquid metal reactor and molten salt reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment using FLiNaK salt as the working medium includes: high-temperature molten pool of fluoride salt (P1), high-temperature process heat interface of fluoride salt (H1), low-temperature molten pool of fluoride salt (P2), low-temperature process heat interface of fluoride salt (H2), first circulation pump (U1), second circulation pump (U2), third circulation pump (U3), external coolant of fluoride salt stack (R1), high-temperature molten pool of fluoride salt in solar thermal tower (TH), and the hot side of the first high-temperature heat exchanger (HX1) of high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system (BH).

3. The integrated solar-thermal nuclear energy system coupling liquid metal reactor and molten salt reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Equipment using KNO3+NaNO3 salt as working fluid includes: nitrate high-temperature molten pool (P3), nitrate high-temperature process heat interface (H3), nitrate low-temperature molten pool (P4), nitrate low-temperature process heat interface (H4), fourth circulation pump (U4), fifth circulation pump (U5), sixth circulation pump (U6), seventh circulation pump (U7), lead-based reactor (R2) external coolant, sodium-cooled fast reactor (R3) external coolant, solar thermal tower nitric acid low-temperature molten pool (TL), and the hot side of the second high-temperature heat exchanger (HX2) of the low-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle system (BL).

4. The integrated solar-thermal nuclear energy system coupling liquid metal reactor and molten salt reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment using supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid includes: the cold side of the first high-temperature heat exchanger (HX1), the first medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX1), the first low-temperature heat exchanger (LX1), the first cooler (C1), the first main compressor (MC1), the first auxiliary compressor (RC1), the first turbine (HT1), the first flow splitting device (S1), the first flow merging device (M1), the cold side of the second high-temperature heat exchanger (HX2), the second medium-temperature heat exchanger (MX2), the second low-temperature heat exchanger (LX2), the second cooler (C2), the second main compressor (MC2), the second auxiliary compressor (RC2), the second turbine (HT2), the second flow splitting device (S2), and the second flow merging device (M2).

5. The integrated solar-thermal nuclear energy system coupling liquid metal reactor and molten salt reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature process heat interface (H1) for fluoride salts outputs a process heat temperature of 700℃, the low-temperature process heat interface (H2) for fluoride salts outputs a process heat temperature of 650℃, the high-temperature process heat interface (H3) for nitrates outputs a process heat temperature of 500℃, and the low-temperature process heat interface (H4) for nitrates outputs a process heat temperature of 400℃. There is a deviation of ±25℃ between the various process heat temperature values.

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