Satellite tracking related methods

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In general, the described techniques provide for a user equipment (UE) to perform a beam switching operation from a current beam to a target beam based on a beam switching duration. The UE may transmit a capability report that may include antenna pointing capabilities, a list containing one or more detailed capabilities, or both to another device, such as a network entity (e.g., a satellite). The UE may perform the beam switching operation based on the capability report. The UE may perform a random access procedure as part of an association change operation. The UE may receive a control message from the other device (which may be the network entity) that includes an identity of a target network entity, one or more resources for a random access procedure, an indication of a beam switching duration, or any combination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following relates to wireless communications, including satellite tracking related methods. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and the like. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems), and fifth generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as NR systems. These systems may employ various technologies, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each of which simultaneously supports communication for multiple communication devices, which may be further referred to as user equipment (UE).

[0003] Overview

[0004] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatus (apparatus) for supporting device (e.g., satellite) tracking-related methods. In general, the described technology provides a user equipment (UE) to perform a beam switching operation from a current beam to a target beam based on a beam switching duration, which can be the time it takes for the UE to move the antenna from the current beam to the target beam. In some cases, the UE can transmit a capability report that can include antenna pointing capabilities, a list of one or more detailed capabilities, or both to another device (such as a network entity (e.g., a satellite in a non-terrestrial network). The UE can perform the beam switching operation based on the capability report. In some examples, the UE can perform a random access procedure as part of an association change operation. The UE can receive a control message from the other device (which can be a network entity) that includes an identity of the target network entity, one or more resources for the random access procedure, an indication of the beam switching duration, or any combination thereof. The UE can transmit a random access preamble to a device (such as a network entity) using the target beam based on moving the antenna during the beam switching duration.

[0005] In some cases, a UE may communicate with the device (e.g., a network entity) based on a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle configuration. In some cases, the configuration may include a timer corresponding to an off duration of DRX operation. The UE may perform a beam switching procedure from a current beam to a target beam based on expiration of the timer (e.g., during an on duration of the DRX cycle). In some examples, the UE may perform a cell reselection procedure based on antenna pointing capabilities and the state of the UE or one or more candidate cells. For example, the UE may reselect a cell from a plurality of candidate cells associated with one or more devices (e.g., candidate network entities) based on one or more factors related to the device (e.g., candidate network entity) and the UE's antenna. In some cases, a device (e.g., a base station or the current network entity) may transmit information about an incoming candidate network entity to the UE. The UE may perform cell reselection from a current beam associated with a cell from the current network entity to a target beam associated with a candidate cell from the candidate network entity.

[0006] A method of wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include determining UE capabilities associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication during a duration, transmitting to the network entity an indication of the capabilities associated with moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration, and moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on transmitting the indication of the capabilities.

[0007] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: determine UE capabilities associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication during a duration; transmit to the network entity an indication of the capabilities associated with moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration; and move the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on transmitting the indication of the capabilities.

[0008] Another apparatus for wireless communications at a UE is described. The apparatus may include means for determining UE capabilities associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communicating with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication during a duration, transmitting to the network entity an indication of the capabilities associated with moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration, and moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on transmitting the indication of the capabilities.

[0009] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: determine UE capabilities associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communicating with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication during a duration, transmit to the network entity an indication of the capabilities associated with moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration, and move the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on transmitting the indication of the capabilities.

[0010] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, determining the capability of the UE associated with moving the antenna may include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for receiving an indication corresponding to a duration associated with a duration for the UE to turn the antenna based on a difference of one or more degrees between a first angle corresponding to a first direction and a second angle corresponding to a second direction.

[0011] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, determining the capability of the UE associated with moving the antenna may include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for determining an antenna type associated with the antenna, the number of antennas at the UE, a continuous tracking mode associated with the antenna, a step-by-step tracking mode associated with the antenna, or any combination thereof.

[0012] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining to perform an association change procedure from the network entity to a target network entity, wherein a second beam may be used to communicate with the target network entity; and communicating with the target network entity based on moving the antenna from a first direction to a second direction.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the association change procedure may be a handover between two cells.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the association change procedure may be a beam switching operation within the same cell.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the antenna may be an active electronically scanned array or a mechanical motor steered antenna.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the UE and the network entity may be associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity may be a satellite.

[0017] A method of wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include receiving a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure; determining, based on receiving the control message, a duration during which an antenna of the UE is to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication; and transmitting the random access preamble using the one or more resources after the duration.

[0018] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure; determine, based on receiving the control message, a duration during which an antenna of the UE is to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication; and transmit the random access preamble using the one or more resources after the duration.

[0019] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include means for: receiving a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure; determining, based on receiving the control message, a duration for the UE during which an antenna is to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication; and transmitting the random access preamble using the one or more resources after the duration.

[0020] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure; determine, based on receiving the control message, a duration during which an antenna of the UE is to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication; and transmit the random access preamble using the one or more resources after the duration.

[0021] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for determining that an association change procedure is to be performed from the network entity to a target network entity, wherein a second beam may be used to communicate with the target network entity.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the association change procedure may be a handover between two cells.

[0023] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the association change procedure may be a beam switching operation within the same cell.

[0024] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the control message may include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for the following actions: receiving an indication of a target network entity, the indication including location information of the target network entity, an identifier corresponding to the target network entity, or both.

[0025] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting a random access preamble may include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for transmitting a random access preamble to a target network entity as part of a handover procedure, wherein a second beam may be used to communicate with the target network entity.

[0026] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for receiving a downlink control channel command from the network entity, the downlink control channel command including an indication of the duration, wherein transmitting a random access preamble after the duration may be based on receiving the downlink control channel command.

[0027] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a downlink control information (DCI) message, a media access control-control element (MAC-CE), or both, wherein the DCI message, MAC-CE, or both include an index corresponding to a random access preamble, an indication of one or more random access opportunities, or both.

[0028] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting a random access preamble may include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for: determining an additional duration, the additional duration comprising an uplink channel preparation time, a BWP switching duration, an operating frequency range duration, or any combination thereof; and transmitting a random access preamble based on the duration and the additional duration.

[0029] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for: determining a given duration based on the UE's antennas and the UE's ability to concurrently transmit a random access preamble; and transmitting a random access preamble after the given duration, wherein the given duration corresponds to the shorter of the duration and the additional duration.

[0030] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a random access preamble after the duration and the additional duration.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the control message may include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for receiving an indication of the duration corresponding to a switching interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

[0032] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the indication may be a field in a radio resource control (RRC) message.

[0033] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for: initiating a timer based on receiving the indication, the timer duration corresponding to the duration; and transmitting a random access preamble based on the timer duration.

[0034] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the control message may be an RRC message.

[0035] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices) and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatuses or instructions for determining the duration based on a switching interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

[0036] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a handover interruption time based on ephemeris information associated with one or more network entities, UE capabilities associated with moving the antenna, or any combination thereof.

[0037] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a control message including an indication of one or more resources may include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for receiving an index corresponding to a random access preamble, one or more random access opportunities for transmitting a random access preamble, or any combination thereof.

[0038] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the UE and the network entity may be associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity may be a satellite.

[0039] A method of wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: receiving a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communication with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell; and communicating with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction.

[0040] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communication with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; move an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell; and communicate with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction.

[0041] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include means for: receiving a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communication with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell; and communicating with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction.

[0042] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communication with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; move an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell; and communicate with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction.

[0043] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the control message may include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for: activating a timer at the beginning of an inactive reception period of the at least one DRX cycle based on receipt of the indication, waking up at the beginning of an active reception period of the at least one DRX cycle based on expiration of the timer; and receiving a beam switching command, wherein moving the antenna from a first direction to a second direction may be based on receiving the beam switching command.

[0044] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a feedback message corresponding to receiving the beam switching command to a network entity.

[0045] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for performing a beam switching operation from a first BWP associated with a first beam to a second BWP associated with a second beam based on receiving a beam switching command.

[0046] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the timer corresponds to a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

[0047] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the control message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: activating a timer after receiving the control message; waking up based on expiration of the timer; and determining to perform an association change procedure based on the first cell being different from the second cell.

[0048] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for transmitting an indication of an association change procedure to a network entity associated with the second beam, wherein the indication includes a random access preamble, a scheduling request, or both.

[0049] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the association change procedure may be a switching procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a target network entity, wherein the second beam may be used to communicate with the target network entity.

[0050] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the timer corresponds to a duration for the UE to enter a coverage area associated with a second beam, a switching interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

[0051] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the control message includes an indication of: an active reception duration, an inactive reception duration, a DRX inactivity timer, a DRX slot offset, a DRX long cycle, a start offset of a DRX long cycle, a DRX short cycle, a DRX short cycle timer, an initial BWP configuration for the second beam, or any combination thereof.

[0052] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the UE and the network entity may be associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity may be a satellite.

[0053] A method of wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include identifying information corresponding to one or more cells in a cell set, the cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with a capability of the UE corresponding to moving an antenna during a duration and a state of the UE; selecting a target cell from the cell set for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell and based on the information, the target cell associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities; performing a cell reselection procedure to the target cell based on selecting the target cell from the cell set; and communicating with the candidate network entity based on the cell reselection procedure.

[0054] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: identify information corresponding to one or more cells in a cell set, the cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with a capability of the UE corresponding to moving an antenna during a duration and a state of the UE; select a target cell from the cell set for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell and based on the information, the target cell associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities; perform a cell reselection procedure to the target cell based on selecting the target cell from the cell set; and communicate with the candidate network entity based on the cell reselection procedure.

[0055] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include means for: identifying information corresponding to one or more cells in a set of cells, the set of cells corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with a capability of the UE corresponding to moving an antenna during a duration and a state of the UE; selecting a target cell from the set of cells for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell and based on the information, the target cell associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities; performing a cell reselection procedure to the target cell based on selecting the target cell from the set of cells; and communicating with the candidate network entity based on the cell reselection procedure.

[0056] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: identify information corresponding to one or more cells in a cell set, the cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with a capability of the UE corresponding to moving an antenna during a duration and a state of the UE; for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell and based on the information, select a target cell from the cell set, the target cell associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities; perform a cell reselection procedure to the target cell based on selecting the target cell from the cell set; and communicate with the candidate network entity based on the cell reselection procedure.

[0057] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from a network entity, an indication of: a cell identifier for each cell in the set of cells, location information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, relative speed information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, orbit information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, a random access preamble for each cell in the set of cells, a priority associated with the one or more candidate network entities, or any combination thereof, wherein identifying the information may be based on the receiving.

[0058] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining UE capabilities to perform a cell reselection procedure from a current cell to a target cell, wherein performing the cell reselection procedure may be based on determining UE capabilities to perform cell reselection.

[0059] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the information includes: location information associated with each of the one or more candidate network entities, a difference measured in angle corresponding to moving the antenna from a first direction associated with the current cell to a second direction associated with the target cell, a speed corresponding to moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction, an indication of a cell identifier for each cell in the set of cells, a priority associated with the one or more candidate network entities, a duration corresponding to a quality of service requirement at the UE, one or more measurements corresponding to link quality between the UE and the one or more candidate network entities, or any combination thereof.

[0060] A method of wireless communication at a first network entity is described. The method may include receiving, from a UE, an indication of a UE capability associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communicating with the first network entity during a duration; and communicating with the UE using the second beam based on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on the capability.

[0061] An apparatus for wireless communication at a first network entity is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive, from a UE, an indication of a UE capability associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication with the first network entity during a duration; and communicate with the UE using the second beam based on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on the capability.

[0062] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first network entity is described. The apparatus may include means for: receiving, from a UE, an indication of a UE capability associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication with the first network entity during a duration; and communicating with the UE using the second beam based on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on the capability.

[0063] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first network entity is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive from a UE an indication of a UE capability associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication with the first network entity during a duration; and communicate with the UE using the second beam based on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on the capability.

[0064] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for transmitting to the UE an indicator corresponding to the duration associated with the duration for the UE to steer the antenna based on a difference in degrees between a first angle corresponding to the first direction and a second angle corresponding to the second direction.

[0065] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first network entity may be a target network entity in an association change procedure.

[0066] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the association change procedure may be a handover between two cells.

[0067] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the association change procedure may be a beam switching operation within the same cell.

[0068] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the antenna may be an active electronically scanned array or a mechanical motor steered antenna.

[0069] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the UE and the first network entity may be associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity may be a satellite.

[0070] A method of wireless communication at a first network entity is described. The method may include transmitting a control message to a UE, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure, and receiving the random access preamble during the one or more resources and after a duration for an antenna of the UE to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication with the first network entity.

[0071] An apparatus for wireless communication at a first network entity is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit a control message to a UE, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure; and receive the random access preamble during the one or more resources and after a duration for an antenna of the UE to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication with the first network entity.

[0072] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first network entity is described. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a control message to a UE, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure; and receiving the random access preamble during the one or more resources and after a duration for an antenna of the UE to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication with the first network entity.

[0073] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first network entity is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: transmit a control message to a UE, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure; and receive the random access preamble during the one or more resources and after a duration for an antenna of the UE to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication with the first network entity.

[0074] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for transmitting a downlink control channel command to the UE, the downlink control channel command including an indication of the duration, wherein receiving a random access preamble after the duration may be based on transmitting the downlink control channel command.

[0075] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for transmitting a DCI message, a MAC-CE, or both, the DCI message, the MAC-CE, or both including an index corresponding to a random access preamble, an indication of one or more random access opportunities, or both.

[0076] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a random access preamble may include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for receiving a random access preamble based on a duration and an additional duration, the additional duration including an uplink channel preparation time, a BWP switching duration, an operating frequency range duration, or any combination thereof.

[0077] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for receiving a random access preamble after a given duration based on the UE's antennas and concurrently transmitting a random access preamble, wherein the given duration corresponds to the shorter of the duration and an additional duration.

[0078] Some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a random access preamble after the duration and the additional duration.

[0079] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first network entity may be a target network entity in an association change procedure.

[0080] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the association change procedure may be a handover between two cells.

[0081] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the association change procedure may be a beam switching operation within the same cell.

[0082] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting the control message may include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for transmitting to the UE an indication of location information of the target network entity, an identifier corresponding to the target network entity, or both.

[0083] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the control message may be an RRC message.

[0084] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting the control message may include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for transmitting an indication of the duration corresponding to a switching interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

[0085] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the indication may be a field in an RRC message.

[0086] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting a control message including an indication of one or more resources may include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for transmitting an index corresponding to a random access preamble, one or more random access opportunities for transmitting a random access preamble, or any combination thereof.

[0087] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the UE and the first network entity may be associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity may be a satellite.

[0088] A method for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The method may include transmitting a control message to a UE, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communication with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; and communicating with the UE on the second beam used for communication with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on the UE moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to the second beam, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell.

[0089] An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit a control message to a UE, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communication with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; and communicate with the UE on the second beam used for communication with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on the UE moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to the second beam, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell.

[0090] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a control message to a UE, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communication with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; and communicating with the UE on the second beam used for communication with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on the UE moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to the second beam, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell.

[0091] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: transmit a control message to a UE, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communication with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; and communicate with the UE on the second beam used for communication with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on the UE moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to the second beam, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell.

[0092] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the control message may include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for: transmitting a beam switching command based on expiration of a timer at the UE, wherein the UE moves the antenna from a first direction to a second direction based on transmitting the beam switching command.

[0093] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a feedback message corresponding to a transmit beam switching command from a UE.

[0094] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the timer corresponds to a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

[0095] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the control message may include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for the following actions: transmitting, based on expiration of a timer, an indication to the UE to perform an association change procedure based on the first cell being different from the second cell.

[0096] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the association change procedure may be a switching procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a target network entity, wherein the second beam may be used to communicate with the target network entity.

[0097] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the timer corresponds to a duration for the UE to enter a coverage area associated with a second beam, a switching interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

[0098] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the control message includes an indication of: an active reception duration, an inactive reception duration, a DRX inactivity timer, a DRX slot offset, a DRX long cycle, a start offset of a DRX long cycle, a DRX short cycle, a DRX short cycle timer, an initial BWP configuration for the second beam, or any combination thereof.

[0099] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the UE and the network entity may be associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity may be a satellite.

[0100] A method of wireless communication at a network entity is described. The method may include determining information corresponding to one or more cells in a set of cells corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with a UE capability corresponding to moving an antenna during a duration and a state of the UE; transmitting information to the UE for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities; and refraining from communicating with the UE based on the UE performing the cell reselection procedure.

[0101] An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: determine information corresponding to one or more cells in a set of cells corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the cell set associated with a UE capability corresponding to moving an antenna during a duration and a state of the UE; transmit information to the UE for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with one of the one or more candidate network entities; and refrain from communicating with the UE based on the UE performing the cell reselection procedure.

[0102] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include means for determining information corresponding to one or more cells in a set of cells corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with a UE capability corresponding to moving an antenna during a duration and a state of the UE; transmitting information to the UE for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a candidate network entity of the one or more candidate network entities; and refraining from communicating with the UE based on the UE performing the cell reselection procedure.

[0103] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: determine information corresponding to one or more cells in a set of cells corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with a UE capability corresponding to moving an antenna during a duration and a state of the UE; transmit information to the UE for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities; and refrain from communicating with the UE based on the UE performing the cell reselection procedure.

[0104] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining an indication of:

[0105] A cell identifier of each cell in the set of cells, location information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, relative speed information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, orbit information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, a random access preamble for each cell in the set of cells, a priority associated with the one or more candidate network entities, or any combination thereof.

[0106] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting information for a cell reselection procedure may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from a UE, UE capabilities to perform a cell reselection procedure from a current cell to a target cell.

[0107] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the UE and the network entity may be associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity may be a satellite. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0109] Figure 1 and 2 An example of a wireless communication system supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0110] Figure 3 and 4 An example of a timeline supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0111] Figures 5 to 8 An example of a process flow supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0112] Figure 9 and 10 A block diagram of a device supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0113] Figure 11 A block diagram of a communications manager supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0114] Figure 12 A diagram illustrating a system including devices supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0115] Figure 13 and 14 A block diagram of a device supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0116] Figure 15A block diagram of a communications manager supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0117] Figure 16 A diagram illustrating a system including devices supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0118] Figures 17 to 32 A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0119] Detailed description

[0120] In some cases, a user equipment (UE) and a network entity (such as a satellite) may use one or more beams associated with one or more bandwidth parts (BWPs) to transmit control information or data messages. The UE may switch the beam used for communication during a beam switching operation. For example, the current beam may move relative to the UE, so the UE may switch to a target beam during a beam switching operation. However, the angle of the target beam may differ from the angle of the current beam. That is, the pointing angle of the antenna at the UE may suddenly change between the current beam and the target beam. For example, if the UE is performing an association change procedure between two beam entities, the outgoing network entity may generate the current beam, while the incoming satellite may generate the target beam. When the UE wakes up from sleep mode, the association change procedure between the two beams may be performed alternatively. It may take a relatively long time for the UE to move its antenna from the direction of the current beam to the direction of the target beam. The duration during which the UE is moving its antenna may be referred to as a switching interruption time and may result in signaling latency (e.g., due to communication delays while performing the beam switching operation), as well as other disadvantages.

[0121] As described herein, the UE may account for the time it takes to move the antenna at the UE from the direction of the current beam to the direction of the target beam (e.g., the beam switching duration) in a beam switching procedure. In some cases, the UE may report capabilities to a device (such as a current network entity). For example, the UE may report antenna pointing capabilities (which in some examples may be measured in milliseconds (ms) per degree), one or more capability parameters (such as antenna type, number of antennas, tracking mode, or any combination), or both to the device (such as the current network entity). The UE may perform a beam switching operation to the target beam based on the capabilities. If the UE wakes up from sleep mode and moves the direction of the antenna or the beam of a target device (e.g., a target network entity) in an association change procedure, the target beam may be the beam of the device (e.g., the current network entity).

[0122] Additionally or alternatively, the UE may account for the beam switching duration based on receiving control signaling, such as radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a downlink control channel (e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)) command, or both. In some cases, the control signaling may include the identity of the target network entity, one or more resources used for a random access preamble in a random access procedure, an indication of the beam switching duration, or any combination. In some cases, the UE may derive the beam switching duration after receiving the control signaling based on a switching interruption time, a time taken for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a time taken for frequency retuning, or any combination. The UE may perform the beam switching operation based on receiving a downlink control channel command (e.g., after receiving a control message via RRC signaling).

[0123] In some examples, the UE may account for the beam switching duration based on a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle configuration received from the current network entity or the target network entity. For example, the current network entity may configure a DRX cycle (e.g., including an on duration and an off duration) and a timer for the UE. The UE may activate the timer within the duration and, upon expiration of the timer, may perform an association change operation to the target beam of the target network entity.

[0124] In some cases, a UE may perform a cell reselection procedure based on antenna pointing capabilities and the status of the UE or one or more candidate cells. The UE may reselect a cell from a plurality of candidate cells associated with one or more network entities based on information received from the current network entity (such as a current satellite or base station in communication with the UE) regarding the plurality of candidate cells.

[0125] Aspects of the present disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communication systems. Aspects of the present disclosure are further described in the context of timelines and process flows. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described by and with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow charts related to methods related to satellite tracking.

[0126] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 that supports satellite tracking-related methods according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support enhanced broadband communication, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission-critical) communication, low-latency communication, communication with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

[0127] Base stations 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form wireless communication system 100 and may be different forms of devices or devices with different capabilities. Base stations 105 and UEs 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125. Each base station 105 may provide a coverage area 110 over which UEs 115 and base stations 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which base stations 105 and UEs 115 may support signal communication according to one or more radio access technologies.

[0128] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be different forms of devices or devices with different capabilities. Figure 1 1. The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, base stations 105, or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relays, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment), such as Figure 1 As shown in .

[0129] Each base station 105 can communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, the base station 105 can interface with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul links 121 (e.g., via S1, N2, N3, or other interfaces). The base stations 105 can communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between the base stations 105), indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130), or both directly and indirectly on the backhaul links 121 (e.g., via X2, Xn, or other interfaces). In some examples, the backhaul links 121 can be or include one or more wireless links.

[0130] One or more of the base stations 105 described herein may include or may be referred to by one of ordinary skill in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation Node B, or a Gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home Node B, a Home Evolved Node B, or other suitable terminology.

[0131] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects, such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0132] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, which may sometimes act as relays, as well as base stations 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown in .

[0133] The UE 115 and the base station 105 may communicate wirelessly with each other via one or more communication links 125 on one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communication with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. The UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers.

[0134] In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration), a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be located according to a channel grid for discovery by a UE 115. A carrier may operate in a standalone mode in which initial acquisition and connection may be performed by a UE 115 via the carrier, or a carrier may operate in a non-standalone mode in which the connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., a different carrier of the same or different radio access technology).

[0135] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include an uplink transmission from the UE 115 to the base station 105, or a downlink transmission from the base station 105 to the UE 115. A carrier may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in FDD mode) or may be configured to carry both downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0136] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of several determined bandwidths (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz)) of a carrier of a particular radio access technology. Devices of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., base station 105, UE 115, or both) may have a hardware configuration that supports communication on a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be configurable to support communication on one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a base station 105 or UE 115 that supports simultaneous communication via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate on a portion (e.g., a subband, a BWP) or all of the carrier bandwidth.

[0137] The signal waveform transmitted on the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may include one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the code rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Thus, the more resource elements received by UE 115 and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate of UE 115 can be. Wireless communication resources may refer to any combination of radio frequency spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial layers may further improve the data rate or data integrity of communications with UE 115.

[0138] One or more parameter sets for a carrier may be supported, where the parameter set may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different parameter designs. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single bandwidth part (BWP) for a carrier may be active at a given time, and communications for a UE 115 may be limited to the one or more active BWPs.

[0139] The time interval of the base station 105 or the UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, which can be, for example, a sampling period T s =1 / (△f max ·N f ) seconds, where △f max It can represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The maximum supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. Time intervals of communication resources may be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0140] Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a number of code element periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix added before each code element period). In some wireless communication systems 100, a time slot may be further divided into a plurality of mini-time slots containing one or more code elements. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each code element period may contain one or more (e.g., N f ) sampling period. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating band.

[0141] A subframe, slot, mini-slot, or symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0142] Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. Physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for physical control channels may be defined by a number of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of a carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of UEs 115 may monitor or search the control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to the number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0143] Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells (e.g., macro cells, small cells, hotspots, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof). The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station 105 (e.g., on a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or other) used to distinguish between adjacent cells. In some examples, a cell may also refer to a geographic coverage area 110 or a portion of a geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) on which the logical communication entity operates. The scope of such a cell may range from a smaller area (e.g., a structure, a subset of structures) to a larger area depending on various factors (such as the capabilities of the base station 105). For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of buildings, or an external space between or overlapping geographic coverage areas 110, among other examples.

[0144] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have a service subscription with a network provider that supports the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower power base station 105 (compared to a macro cell), and the small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency band as the macro cell. A small cell may provide unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have a service subscription with the network provider, or may provide restricted access to UEs 115 associated with the small cell (e.g., UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office). A base station 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communications over one or more cells using one or more component carriers.

[0145] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access to different types of devices.

[0146] In some examples, base stations 105 can be mobile and, therefore, provide communication coverage for mobile geographic coverage areas 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 110 can be supported by the same base station 105. In other examples, overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can be supported by different base stations 105. The wireless communication system 100 can include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0147] The wireless communication system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations 105 may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations 105 may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations 105 may not be aligned in time in some examples. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operation.

[0148] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low-cost or low-complexity devices and may provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other or with a base station 105 without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that incorporate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application that utilizes the information or presents it to a person interacting with the application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wilderness survival monitoring, weather and geographic event monitoring, queue management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial charging.

[0149] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ a reduced power consumption mode of operation, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communication via transmission or reception but not simultaneous transmission and reception). In some examples, half-duplex communication may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power saving techniques for UEs 115 include entering a power-saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communication, operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communication), or any combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard band of a carrier, or outside a carrier.

[0150] The wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) or mission-critical communication. The UE 115 can be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency or critical functions (e.g., mission-critical functions). Ultra-reliable communication can include private communication or group communication and can be supported by one or more mission-critical services such as mission-critical push-to-talk (MCPTT), mission-critical video (MCVideo), or mission-critical data (MCData). Support for mission-critical functions can include prioritization of services, and mission-critical services can be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, mission-critical, and ultra-reliable low-latency can be used interchangeably herein.

[0151] In some examples, UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol). One or more UEs 115 utilizing D2D communication may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105 or otherwise unable to receive transmissions from base station 105. In some examples, groups of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group. In some examples, base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication is performed between UEs 115 without involving base station 105.

[0152] In some systems, the D2D communication link 135 can be an example of a communication channel (such as a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some examples, the vehicles can communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or some combination of these communications. The vehicles can signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergency situations, or any other information related to the V2X system. In some examples, the vehicles in the V2X system can use vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication to communicate with roadside infrastructure (such as roadside units), with the network, or with both, via one or more network nodes (e.g., base station 105).

[0153] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), and the EPC or 5GC may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) that manages access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) that routes packets or interconnects to external networks. The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by base stations 105 associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be delivered through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the network operator IP service 150. Network operator IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0154] Some network devices (such as base stations 105) may include subcomponents, such as access network entities 140, which may be examples of access node controllers (ANCs). Each access network entity 140 may communicate with each UE 115 through one or more other access network transport entities 145, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmit / receive points (TRPs). Each access network transport entity 145 may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, the various functions of each access network entity 140 or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

[0155] The wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the 300 MHz to 3 GHz region is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or the decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately 1 decimeter to 1 meter long. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but these waves can penetrate various structures sufficiently for macrocells to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmissions using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and a shorter range (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmissions using the lower frequencies and longer wavelengths in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0156] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using a frequency band from 3 GHz to 30 GHz (also known as a centimeter band) or in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also known as a millimeter band). In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UE 115 and the base station 105, and the EHF antennas of the corresponding devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than the UHF antennas. In some examples, this may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and a shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the use of frequency bands specified across these frequency regions may vary by country or regulatory agency.

[0157] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may employ licensed assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band, such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. When operating in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band, devices (such as base stations 105 and UEs 115) may employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations in the unlicensed band may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in coordination with component carriers operating in the licensed band. Operations in the unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among others.

[0158] The base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of the base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels that can support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the base station 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The base station 105 may have an antenna array having several rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105 can use to support beamforming for communications with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0159] The base station 105 or the UE 115 can use MIMO communication to exploit multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such a technique may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. For example, a transmitting device may transmit multiple signals via different antennas or different antenna combinations. Similarly, a receiving device may receive multiple signals via different antennas or different antenna combinations. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0160] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., base station 105, UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating at a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals communicated via antenna elements can include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with that device. The adjustments associated with each antenna element can be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device, or relative to some other orientation).

[0161] The base station 105 or the UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of a beamforming operation. For example, the base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with the UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by the base station 105 in different directions. For example, the base station 105 may transmit signals according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. The transmissions in different beam directions may be used (e.g., by a transmitting device (such as the base station 105) or a receiving device (such as the UE 115)) to identify a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the base station 105.

[0162] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular recipient device, may be transmitted by base station 105 in a single beam direction, e.g., a direction associated with a recipient device, such as UE 115. In some examples, a beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on signals transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more signals transmitted by base station 105 in different directions and may report to base station 105 an indication of the signal received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0163] In some examples, transmission by a device (e.g., by a base station 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use any combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from the base station 105 to the UE 115). The UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across the system bandwidth or one or more subbands. The base station 105 may transmit reference signals that may be precoded or unprecoded (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)). The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by base station 105 in one or more directions, UE 115 may use similar techniques to transmit signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., to identify a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 115) or to transmit signals in a single direction (e.g., to transmit data to a receiving device).

[0164] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may attempt multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from base station 105. For example, the receiving device may attempt multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array (e.g., different directional listening weight sets), or processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving data signals). The single receive configuration may be aligned on a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0165] The wireless communication system 100 can be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, the communication of the bearer or packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer can be IP-based. The radio link control (RLC) layer can perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate on the logical channel. The media access control (MAC) layer can perform priority handling and multiplex the logical channel into the transport channel. The MAC layer can also use error detection technology, error correction technology, or both to support retransmission of the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the radio resource control (RRC) protocol layer can provide the establishment, configuration and maintenance of the RRC connection of the radio bearer that supports user plane data between the UE 115 and the base station 105 or the core network 130. In the physical layer, the transport channel can be mapped to the physical channel.

[0166] UE 115 and base station 105 may support retransmission of data to increase the likelihood that the data is successfully received. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback is a technique for increasing the likelihood that data is correctly received on communication link 125. HARQ may include any combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve MAC layer throughput in poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some examples, a device may support simultaneous slot HARQ feedback, wherein the device may provide HARQ feedback in a particular time slot for data received in a previous symbol in that time slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent time slot or according to some other time interval.

[0167] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more network entities 120, which in some examples may be or include satellites, among other devices. The network entity 120 or satellite may communicate with the base station 105 (also referred to as a gateway in a non-terrestrial network) and the UE 115 (or other high-altitude or terrestrial communication device). The network entity 120 may be any suitable type of communication satellite configured to relay communications between different end nodes in the wireless communication system. The network entity 120 may be an example of a space satellite, a balloon, a spacecraft, an aircraft, a drone, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or the like. In some examples, the network entity 120 may be in geosynchronous or geostationary orbit, low Earth orbit, or medium Earth orbit. The network entity 120 may be a multi-beam satellite configured to provide service for multiple service beam coverage areas in a predefined geographic service area. The network entity 120 may be located at any distance from the Earth's surface. The network entity 120 may be a high altitude platform station (HAPS), such as a balloon.

[0168] In some cases, the cellular cell may be provided or established by the network entity 120 as part of a non-terrestrial network. In some cases, the network entity 120 may perform the functions of the base station 105, act as a bent-pipe satellite, or act as a regenerative satellite, or a combination thereof. In other cases, the network entity 120 may be an example of an intelligent satellite or a satellite with intelligence. For example, an intelligent satellite may be configured to perform more functions than a regenerative satellite (e.g., it may be configured to perform specific algorithms other than those used in a regenerative satellite, be reprogrammed, etc.). A bent-pipe transponder or satellite may be configured to receive signals from a ground station and transmit those signals to a different ground station. In some cases, a bent-pipe transponder or satellite may amplify a signal or convert from an uplink frequency to a downlink frequency. A regenerative transponder or satellite may be configured to relay signals like a bent-pipe transponder or satellite, but may also use onboard processing to perform other functions. Examples of those other functions may include demodulating received signals, decoding received signals, recoding signals to be transmitted, or modulating signals to be transmitted, or any combination thereof. For example, a bent-pipe satellite (e.g., network entity 120) may receive a signal from base station 105 and may relay the signal to UE 115 or base station 105, or vice versa. According to one or more aspects of the present disclosure, UE 115 may communicate with a cell provided or established by network entity 120 (e.g., via base station 105 or network entity 120 performing the functions of base station 105) based on an identified default set of one or more beams upon expiration of an inactivity timer, which may enhance communication reliability.

[0169] In some cases, UE 115 and network entity 120 may use one or more beams associated with one or more BWPs to transmit control information or data messages. UE 115 may communicate with network entity 120 using one or more antennas oriented in the direction of the beam. In some examples, UE 115 may move an antenna from a current beam to a target beam during a beam switching operation. The angular difference in the pointing direction of an antenna at UE 115 from the current beam to the target beam may be referred to as a change in pointing angle. In some cases, such as when UE 115 is performing a beam switching operation on a network entity 120 beam different from the current beam or when UE 115 wakes up from sleep, the change in pointing angle may be abrupt. This abrupt change in pointing angle may result in a delay when UE 115 switches the antenna from the direction of the current beam to the direction of the target beam, which may be referred to as a switching interruption time. This may also result in signaling latency at UE 115 related to communicating with network entity 120 using the target beam.

[0170] In some cases, the UE 115 may perform a beam switching operation from a current beam to a target beam based on transmitting a capability report including antenna pointing capabilities, a list including one or more detailed capabilities, or both to a network entity 120 (e.g., a current network entity 120 or a target network entity 120). In some examples, the UE 115 may perform a random access procedure as part of an association change operation. The UE 115 may receive a control message from the network entity 120 that includes the identity of the target network entity 120, one or more resources for the random access procedure, or both. In some cases, the control message may include an indication of a beam switching duration, which may be the time it takes the UE 115 to move the antenna from the current beam to the target beam in the association change operation. In some other cases, the UE 115 may derive the beam switching duration based on a handover interruption time, a time for the UE 115 to apply frequency compensation, a time for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof. UE 115 may transmit a random access preamble to network entity 120 using the target beam based on moving the antenna during the beam switching duration.

[0171] In some cases, the network (e.g., using network entity 120 or base station 105) may configure a DRX cycle for communication for UE 115. In some cases, the configuration may include a timer corresponding to an off duration of DRX operation. UE 115 may perform an association change operation from a current beam to a target beam based on expiration of the timer (e.g., during an on duration of the DRX cycle). In some examples, UE 115 may perform a cell reselection procedure based on antenna pointing capabilities and the status of one or more candidate cells. For example, UE 115 may reselect a cell from a plurality of candidate cells associated with one or more candidate network entities 120 based on one or more factors related to the antennas of UE 115. In some cases, base station 105 or current network entity 120 may transmit information about incoming candidate network entities 120 to UE 115. UE 115 may perform cell reselection from a current beam associated with a cell from current network entity 120 to a target beam associated with a candidate cell from candidate network entity 120 .

[0172] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 that supports satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the wireless communication system 200 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. The wireless communication system 200 can include a UE 115-a, a network entity 120-a, a network entity 120-b, a communication link 125-a, and a communication link 125-b, which can be as described in reference to FIG. Figure 1Examples of UE 115, network entity 120, and communication link 125 are described. In some cases, network entity 120 may receive a signal from base station 105 and may relay the signal to UE 115 or may perform the same as described with reference to FIG. Figure 1 The functionality of base station 105 is described. Network entity 120 may be an example of a satellite in a non-terrestrial network.

[0173] In some wireless communication environments, the UE 115 may perform a beam switching operation from the current beam 205 to the target beam 205. In some cases, such as Figure 2 As illustrated in FIG, network entity 120 may communicate with UE 115 via beam 205 (which may be a directional beam). Beam 205 may have a beam footprint (e.g., a coverage area of ​​beam 205). For example, network entity 120-a may communicate with UE 115-a via beam 205-a and any number of additional beams 205. Additionally or alternatively, network entity 120-b may communicate with UE 115-a via beam 205-b and any number of additional beams 205. In some examples, UE 115-a may derive the beam footprint shape (e.g., hexagonal, circular, elliptical, etc.) based on the shape and structure of the antenna associated with beam 205. In some other examples, UE 115-a may derive the beam size based on one or more power levels associated with beam 205. In some examples, the frequency of beam switching can depend on the mobility of UE 115, the mobility of UE 115 in combination with the base station (e.g., reference Figure 1 The network entity 120 may configure each beam 205 from the network entity 120 as a cell with an initial BWP per beam (e.g., an initial uplink BWP, an initial downlink BWP, or an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP pair). In some cases, each beam 205 may be associated with one or more BWPs in addition to the initial BWP, which the UE 115 and the network entity 120 may use to communicate.

[0174] In some cases, network entity 120 may configure one or more BWPs for each beam 205 of UE 115. UE 115 may switch BWPs or beams 205. For example, during a beam switching operation, UE 115 may switch from a BWP in beam 205 to a BWP in a different beam 205 (e.g., from a BWP in beam 205-a to a BWP in beam 205-b). For example, if UE 115 moves from a beam footprint associated with beam 205-a to a beam footprint associated with beam 205-b, the UE may switch from a BWP in beam 205-a to a BWP in beam 205-b. In some other examples, UE 115 may switch from a BWP in beam 205 to a different BWP in the same beam 205. For example, if the UE 115 performs a BWP switching operation without leaving the beam footprint 235 associated with the beam 205-a, the UE 115 can switch from the BWP associated with the beam 205-a to another BWP associated with the beam 205-a. In some examples, the network entity 120 can configure the one or more beams 205 as a single cell. In some other examples, the network entity 120 can configure the one or more beams 205 as separate cells or multiple cells. That is, each cell can include one or more beams 205.

[0175] In some examples, UE 115 can communicate with network entity 120 using one or more antennas oriented in the direction of beam 205. In some cases, UE 115 can have multiple antennas, for example, one oriented toward current beam 205 and one moved toward target beam 205. In some other cases, UE 115 can communicate using a single antenna. The one or more antennas can be examples of active electronically scanned array (AESA) antennas, mechanically steered dish antennas, and the like. In some cases, an AESA antenna can change its pointing direction (i.e., angle) in less than 1 microsecond (μs) per degree, while a mechanically steered dish antenna can take several seconds to move per degree. In some examples, UE 115 can move the antenna from current beam 205 to target beam 205 in a beam switching operation. The angular difference in the pointing direction of the antenna at UE 115 from current beam 205 to target beam 205 can be referred to as a change in pointing angle 210. In some situations, the change 210 in the pointing angle may be abrupt, such as when the UE 115 is performing a beam switching operation on a beam 205 of a network entity 120 that is different from the current beam 205 or when the UE 115 wakes up from sleep. This abrupt change 210 in the pointing angle may result in a delay, which may be referred to as a switching interruption time, when the UE 115 switches the antenna from the direction of the current beam 205 to the direction of the target beam 205, and may result in signaling latency at the UE 115 related to communicating with the network entity 120 using the target beam 205.

[0176] In some cases, the UE 115 may perform a beam switching operation from the current beam 205 to the target beam 205 based on a capability report from the UE 115. For example, the UE 115-a may communicate with the network entity 120-a via the communication link 125-a using the beam 205-a. The UE 115-a may transmit the capability report 215 to the network entity 120-a. The capability report 215 may include antenna pointing capabilities. For example, the UE 115-a may include an indicator in the capability report 215 that indicates the time it takes the UE 115-a to steer the antenna to an angle (e.g., 0 for a delay less than 1 ms / degree, 1 for a delay greater than 1 ms / degree, 2 for a delay greater than 100 ms / degree but less than 1 s / degree, 3 for a delay greater than 1 s / degree, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115-a may include a list of one or more detailed capabilities in the capability report 215. For example, UE 115-a may include an antenna type (e.g., an AESA, a motor-driven mechanically steered antenna, etc.), a number of antennas (e.g., one or two), a tracking granularity (e.g., a continuous tracking mode or a step-by-step tracking mode), or any combination thereof. If the tracking mode is a step-by-step tracking mode, UE 115-a may include a step size (e.g., 1 degree per step, 0.5 degrees per step, how much time it takes to complete each step, etc.) in capability report 215. UE 115-a may perform beam switching operations based on capability report 215. For example, UE 115-a may switch from beam 205-a to beam 205-b to communicate with network entity 120-b (which may be an incoming satellite).

[0177] In some cases, the UE 115 may perform a random access procedure as part of an association change operation. The UE 115 may receive a control message 220 from the network entity 120 that includes the identity of the target network entity 120, one or more resources for the random access procedure, or both. In some cases, the control message 220 may include an indication of a beam switch duration, which may be the time it takes for the UE 115 to move the antenna from the current beam 205 to the target beam 205 in the association change operation. If the current beam and the target beam belong to two different cells, the association change operation is a cell switch. If the current beam and the target beam belong to the same cell, the association change operation is a beam switch (e.g., at layer 1 or layer 2). In some other cases, the UE 115 may derive the beam switch duration based on a handover interruption time, a time for the UE 115 to apply frequency compensation, a time for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof. For example, UE 115-a may perform a beam switching operation from beam 205-a of network entity 120-a to beam 205-b of network entity 120-b. Network entity 120-a may transmit a control message 220 to UE 115-a, indicating an identity of network entity 120-b, one or more resources for a random access procedure, a beam switching duration, or any combination thereof. UE 115-a may move an antenna by a pointing angle change 210 from the direction of beam 205-a to the direction of beam 205-b to communicate with network entity 120-b, which refers to Figure 3 As described in further detail, UE 115-a may transmit a random access preamble 225 to network entity 120-b via communication link 125-b using beam 205-b based on moving the antenna.

[0178] In some cases, the network (e.g., using the network entity 120 or the base station 105) may configure the DRX cycle for the UE 115 for communication. For example, the network entity 120-a may transmit a control message 220 that includes an indication of: a DRX on duration, a DRX inactivity timer, a DRX slot offset, a DRX long cycle, a start offset of the DRX long cycle, a DRX short cycle, a DRX short cycle timer, a beam switching duration timer, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the UE 115-a may activate the beam switching duration timer based on entering the off duration of the DRX cycle. The UE 115-a may perform an association change operation from the beam 205-a to the beam 205-b based on the expiration of the timer (e.g., during the on duration of the DRX cycle), which refers to Figure 4 Described in further detail.

[0179] In some examples, UE 115 may perform a cell reselection procedure based on antenna pointing capabilities and the status of UE 115 and one or more candidate cells. For example, UE 115-a may reselect a cell from a plurality of candidate cells associated with one or more candidate network entities 120 based on the location of each candidate network entity 120 (e.g., altitude, trajectory, speed, etc.), a change 210 in pointing angle (i.e., the difference between the two elevation angles of beams 205 associated with each candidate cell and the current cell), a speed at which UE 115-a steers the antenna (e.g., measured in s / degrees), a priority of the candidate network entity 120 (e.g., specified by the network), a delay that satisfies a quality of service (QoS) requirement or a service continuity requirement, a measurement of a link quality of the candidate network entity 120, or any combination thereof. In some cases, base station 105 or the current network entity 120 (e.g., network entity 120-a) may transmit information about the incoming candidate network entity 120 (e.g., network entity 120-b). For example, network entity 120-a may transmit, to UE 115-a in control message 220, a cell identifier for each cell associated with candidate network entity 120, location or orbit information of candidate network entity 120, a dedicated random access preamble for each cell associated with each candidate network entity 120, a priority among candidate network entities 120, or any combination. UE 115-a may perform cell reselection from beam 205-a associated with a cell from current network entity 120-a to beam 205-b associated with a candidate cell from candidate network entity 120-b.

[0180] Figure 3 An example of a timeline 300 supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the timeline 300 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, the wireless communication system 200, or both. Aspects of the timeline 300 may be implemented by the UE 115, the network entity 120, or both, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 1 and Figure 2 For example, timeline 300 may illustrate a process in which UE 115 performs an association change procedure between beams 205 for communicating with network entity 120 based on a control message, which accounts for the time it takes to move the antenna to change the pointing angle.

[0181] In some cases, the network may transmit a control message from the network entity 120 currently serving the UE 115 to the UE 115 using beam 205-a. The control message may include a target network entity indication 305, a resource indication 310, or any combination. For example, in an association change procedure (such as a handover procedure), the target network entity indication 305 may include the identity of the target network entity 120. In the handover procedure, the UE 115 may switch from a beam 205 associated with the current network entity 120 (such as beam 205-a) to a beam 205 associated with the target network entity 120 (such as beam 205-b), as described in reference to FIG. Figure 2 As described. In some cases, the current network entity 120 or the UE 115 can determine the target network entity 120 based on the UE location and the ephemeris information of the target network entity. The resource indication 310 may include a random access preamble index, a time-frequency indication of one or more random access opportunities 315, or both. For example, the random access preamble index may indicate a random access preamble 320 for the UE 115 to use in a contention-free random access (CFRA) procedure with the target network entity 120. The UE 115 may use the one or more random access opportunities 315 in the random access procedure to transmit the random access preamble 320 to the target network entity 120.

[0182] In some cases, the control message may include an indication of the time it takes for UE 115 to move the antenna to change the pointing angle, such as a beam switching duration 325. UE 115 may wait for the beam switching duration 325 after receiving the last information (e.g., target network entity indication 305, resource indication 310, or both) in the control message before initiating a random access procedure and transmitting a random access preamble 320 to target network entity 120. In some cases, the beam switching duration 325 may be based on the handover interruption time, the time it takes for UE 115 to apply frequency compensation, the time it takes for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof. The current network entity 120 may transmit the control message via RRC signaling. In some cases, if UE 115 is not performing a conditional handover procedure, the beam switching duration 325 may additionally or alternatively be a field in RRCConfiguration. If UE 115 is performing a conditional handover procedure, the beam switching duration 325 may be reflected in a timer-based execution condition. That is, the UE 115 may start a timer after receiving the control message, the timer duration being the same as the beam switching duration 325, which may be indicated in the control message.

[0183] In some other cases, the UE 115 may derive a beam switching duration 325, which may be the amount of time the UE 115 waits after receiving the control message before initiating a random access procedure with the target network entity 120. The UE 115 may determine the beam switching duration 325 based on the handover interruption time, the time it takes for the UE 115 to apply frequency compensation, the time it takes for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the UE 115 may calculate the handover interruption time based on ephemeris information of the current network entity 120 and the incoming network entity 120 (which may be the target network entity 120), the antenna pointing capabilities of the UE 115 (e.g., antenna type, pointing in s / degrees, etc.), or both. In some cases, the network entity 120 may assign the random access preamble 225 to other UEs 115 while the UE 115 is waiting for the beam switching duration 325.

[0184] In some examples, the network entity 120 may transmit the control message via downlink control channel signaling. The network entity 120 may activate the configuration in the control message by transmitting a second control message. For example, the network entity may transmit a downlink control channel command (e.g., a PDCCH command) to delay a random access procedure with the target network entity 120. When downlink data arrives at the UE 115 that may no longer be synchronized in RRC connected mode, the downlink control channel command may trigger a random access preamble 225. The current network entity 120 may transmit a control message (e.g., via RRC or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE)) before the downlink control channel command. The current network entity 120 may transmit the downlink control channel command in a downlink control information (DCI) message, a MAC-CE, or the like. The downlink control channel command may include a random access preamble index, a beam index, a random access opportunity indication, or any combination corresponding to the target network entity 120.

[0185] In some cases, the UE 115 may wait for the beam switching duration 325 and an additional duration before initiating a random access procedure with the target network entity 120. The additional duration may include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) preparation time, a BWP switching delay, a frequency range-dependent delay (e.g., 0.5 ms for frequency range 1 (FR1) and 0.25 ms for frequency range 2 (FR2)), a sum of the three, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the UE 115 may derive the random access opportunity 315 based on one or more random access preambles 320 assigned to the beam if the allocation is signaled in a control message prior to the downlink control channel command or if the UE 115 extracts the random access opportunity 315 from the resource indication 310. The UE 115 may transmit the indicated random access preamble 320 on the one or more derived or indicated random access opportunities.

[0186] Figure 4 An example of a timeline 400 supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, timeline 400 can implement aspects of wireless communication system 100, wireless communication system 200, or both. Aspects of timeline 300 can be implemented by UE 115, network entity 120, or both, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 1 and Figure 2 For example, timeline 300 may illustrate a process in which UE 115 performs an association change procedure between beams 205 used for communicating with network entity 120 based on a DRX cycle configuration, taking into account beam switching duration (e.g., the time it takes to move an antenna to change a pointing angle).

[0187] In some examples, UE 115 can operate according to one or more DRX cycles 405 (e.g., DRX cycle 405-a and DRX cycle 405-b) to save power at UE 115. For example, a network, such as network entity 120 or base station 105, can configure UE 115 (e.g., via RRC signaling) an on duration 410 for monitoring data traffic and an off duration 415 during which UE 115 is in sleep or idle mode. In some examples, such as DRX cycle 405-a, UE 115 can be in sleep or idle mode during the off duration 415-a and the off duration 415-b. UE 115 can wake up during the on duration 410-a of DRX cycle 405-a to receive signaling. When the network configures a DRX cycle for UE 115, UE 115 can discontinuously monitor a downlink channel 420 (e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)) using one or more parameters specified by the DRX cycle configuration. For example, the UE 115 may monitor the downlink channel 420 during the active time based on: a start duration timer, a pending scheduling request transmitted on the uplink channel 425 (e.g., a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)), an uplink grant for a pending retransmission (e.g., HARQ), no downlink control channel received indicating a new transmission, or any combination.

[0188] In some cases, the network may configure the DRX control message 430 for one or more DRX cycles 405. For example, the DRX control message 430 may include one or more parameters for communication with the current network entity 120, such as the DRX on duration 410, the DRX inactivity timer, the DRX slot offset, the DRX long cycle, the start offset of the DRX long cycle, the DRX short cycle, the DRX short cycle timer, or any combination of one or more DRX cycles 405 (e.g., DRX cycle 405-a, DRX cycle 405-b, or any additional DRX cycles 405). Additionally or alternatively, the DRX control message 430 may include a BWP configuration for the target beam in the association change procedure from the current beam and an indication of a timer. In some examples, the timer value may account for the duration of the UE 115 entering the coverage area of ​​the target beam, the duration of the UE changing the antenna pointing direction from the current beam to the target beam, the time for frequency retuning, the time for preparing frequency compensation at the UE 115, or any combination.

[0189] In some cases, the UE 115 may start a timer at 435. In some examples, the timer may expire at 440 during the OFF duration 415-c of the DRX cycle 405-b. The UE 115 may cancel the remaining OFF duration 415-c of the interrupted DRX cycle 405-b and may remain awake during the ON duration 410-b until a new DRX configuration is received. In some examples, the ON duration 410 of the DRX cycle 405 after the start of the timer 435 (e.g., the ON duration 410-a, the ON duration 410-b, or both) may be canceled. That is, the UE 115 may not wake up during one duration 410 within one or more DRX cycles 405 after the timer is started at 435. When the timer expires, at 440, the UE 115 may wake up to perform an association change procedure from the current beam to the target beam. In some examples, the association change procedure may involve a handover procedure from a current cell of current network entity 120 to a target cell of target network entity 120. In some other examples, the association change procedure may involve changing from a current beam of current network entity 120 to a target beam of current network entity 120. The target beam may be from the same cell as the current beam (e.g., the beam from network entity 120 is configured as the same cell) or from a different cell than the current beam (e.g., each beam is configured as a cell).

[0190] If the target beam is in the same cell as the current beam and the UE 115 wakes up to the current beam after the timer expires at 440, the UE 115 may receive a beam switching command 445 on the downlink channel 420. The UE 115 may transmit a feedback message 450 (such as an ACK) to the current network entity 120 using the current beam on the uplink channel 425 and may then perform a beam switching operation or a BWP switching operation to the target beam (e.g., if the target beam is associated with a BWP). If the target beam is in the same cell as the current beam and the UE 115 wakes up to the target beam after the timer expires at 440, the UE 115 may notify the network entity 120 that it has switched to the target beam by sending a random access preamble or another message (such as a scheduling request to the network entity 120). If the target beam is in a different cell and the UE 115 wakes up to the current beam, the UE 115 may receive an indication to perform a switching procedure. UE 115 may perform a handover procedure based on the indication.

[0191] In some examples, the network entity 120 may transmit a DRX control message 430 to the UE 115, and the UE 115 may autonomously interrupt the DRX cycle 405-b. For example, the DRX control message 430 may include the one or more DRX parameters, an indication of the initial BWP, or both. The UE 115 may determine a duration for the UE 115 to enter the coverage area of ​​the target beam and may start a timer at 435 to wake itself up based on the duration. The UE 115 may wake up when the timer expires at 440 to prepare for the association change procedure to the target beam. In some examples, the value of the timer may account for a duration for the UE 115 to enter the coverage area of ​​the target beam, a duration for the UE to change the antenna pointing direction from the current beam to the target beam, a time for frequency retuning, a time for preparing frequency compensation at the UE 115, or any combination thereof.

[0192] Figure 5 An example of a process flow 500 supporting satellite tracking-related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, process flow 500 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100, wireless communication system 200, or both, and timelines 300 and 400. Process flow 500 may illustrate an example of a UE 115 (such as UE 115-b) performing an association change procedure between beams used for communicating with one or more network entities 120 (such as network entity 120-c, network entity 120-d, or both) based on a capability report from UE 115, which accounts for beam switching duration (e.g., the time it takes to move an antenna to change the pointing angle). The following alternative examples may be implemented in which some of the processes are performed in a different order than described or not performed at all. In some cases, the processes may include additional features not mentioned below, or further processes may be added.

[0193] At 505, UE 115-b may receive an indication of a duration for steering the antenna based on a difference (e.g., a difference of one or more degrees) between an angle toward the pointing direction of the current beam and an angle toward the pointing direction of the target beam, which may be referred to as a change in the pointing angle. In some cases, UE 115-b may receive the indication from network entity 120-c, network entity 120-d, or base station 105. In some cases, the antenna may be an AESA antenna, a mechanically motor-steered antenna, or the like.

[0194] At 510, UE 115-b may determine a capability of UE 115-b to move the antenna from the direction of the current beam to the direction of the target beam during the duration. In some cases, UE 115-b may communicate with network entity 120-c using the current beam and may communicate with network entity 120-d using the target beam. In some other cases, UE 115-b may communicate with network entity 120-c using both the current beam and the target beam. In some examples, UE 115-b may determine the capability based on antenna type, the number of antennas at UE 115-b, a continuous tracking mode of the antennas, a step-by-step tracking mode of the antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0195] At 515, UE 115-b may transmit a capability report including an indication of the determined antenna pointing capability to network entity 120-c. At 520, UE 115-b may determine to perform an association change procedure between beams. For example, UE 115-b may change from the current beam of network entity 120-c to the target beam of network entity 120-d. In some cases, the association change procedure may be a handover between two cells. At 525, UE 115-b may move the antenna by a change in pointing angle during the duration based on transmitting the capability report at 510.

[0196] At 530, UE 115-b may communicate with network entity 120-d. For example, if the target beam in the association change procedure is from network entity 120-d, UE 115-b may communicate with network entity 120-d using the target beam. In some other examples, if the target beam in the association change procedure is from the current network entity (such as network entity 120-c), UE 115-b may continue to communicate with network entity 120-c using the target beam. In some cases, UE 115-b, network entity 120-c, and network entity 120-d are in a non-terrestrial network. Network entity 120-c and network entity 120-d may be examples of satellites.

[0197] Figure 6An example of a process flow 600 for supporting satellite tracking-related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, process flow 600 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100, wireless communication system 200, or both, and timelines 300 and 400. Process flow 600 may illustrate an example of a UE 115 (such as UE 115-c) performing an association change procedure between beams for communicating with one or more network entities 120 (such as network entity 120-e, network entity 120-f, or both) based on a control message from network entity 120, taking into account beam switching duration (e.g., the time it takes to move an antenna to change the pointing angle). The following alternative examples may be implemented in which some of the processes are performed in a different order than described or not performed. In some cases, the processes may include additional features not mentioned below, or further processes may be added.

[0198] At 605, the UE 115-c may receive a control message from the network entity 120. In some cases, the UE 115-c may receive the control message for the current beam from the network entity 120-e. In some other reasons, the UE 115-c may receive the control message for the target beam from the target network entity 120-f in an association change procedure. In some cases, the UE 115-c may receive the control message via RRC signaling, MAC-CE, etc. The control message may include an indication of one or more resources for the UE 115-c to use for a random access preamble in a random access procedure. In some examples, the control message may include an indication of the target network entity 120-f, such as location information of the target network entity 120-f, an identifier of the target network entity 120-f, or both. In some cases, the indication of the one or more resources may include an index of the random access preamble, one or more random access opportunities for transmitting the random access preamble, or both.

[0199] At 610, UE 115-c may determine a duration for the antenna of UE 115-c to move from a direction corresponding to a current beam used for communicating with network entity 120-e to a direction corresponding to a target beam used for communicating with network entity 120-e or network entity 120-f. In some cases, the control message may include an indication of the duration. The duration may be based on a handover interruption time, a duration for UE 115-c to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination. The indication of the duration may be a field in the RRC control message. In some other cases, UE 115-c may derive the duration based on the handover interruption time, a duration for UE 115-c to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination. For example, UE 115-c may determine the handover interruption time based on ephemeris information of network entity 120-e, network entity 120-f, or both, antenna pointing capabilities of UE 115-c, or both.

[0200] At 615, the UE 115-c may receive a downlink control channel command (e.g., a PDCCH command). In some cases, the UE 115-c may receive the downlink control channel command from the current network entity 120 (such as the network entity 120-e), the target network entity 120 (such as the network entity 120-f), or both. The downlink control channel command may include an indication of the duration. The UE 115-c may receive the downlink control channel command via a DCI message, a MAC-CE, etc. after receiving the control message. The downlink control channel command may include an index of a random access preamble, an indication of one or more random access opportunities, or both.

[0201] At 620, UE 115-c may determine to perform an association change procedure between beams. For example, UE 115-c may change from a current beam of network entity 120-e to a target beam of network entity 120-f. In some cases, the association change procedure may be a handover between two cells.

[0202] At 625, the UE 115-c may initiate a timer based on receiving an indication of the duration in the control message. The timer duration may be the same as the indicated duration. In some cases, at 630, the UE 115-c may move the antenna by a change in pointing angle from the current beam direction to the target beam direction during the duration (e.g., when the timer is activated).

[0203] At 635, UE 115-c may use the one or more resources and transmit a random access preamble after the duration. In some cases, UE 115-c may transmit a random access preamble to target network entity 120-f as part of a handover procedure. UE 115-c and network entity 120-f may communicate using the target beam in an association change procedure, such as a handover procedure. In some cases, UE 115-c may transmit a random access preamble based on receiving a downlink control channel command at 615. In some examples, UE 115-c may determine an additional duration that includes an uplink channel preparation time, a BWP switching duration, an operating frequency range duration, or any combination. UE 115-c may transmit a random access preamble based on the duration and the additional duration. For example, UE 115-c may determine a given duration based on the ability of UE 115-c to move the antenna of UE 115-c and concurrently transmit random access preambles. UE 115-c may transmit a random access preamble after a given duration, where the given duration is the shorter of the duration and the additional duration. In some other examples, UE 115-c may transmit a random access preamble after the duration and the additional duration. In some cases, UE 115-c may transmit a random access preamble after a timer expires. In some cases, UE 115-c, network entity 120-e, and network entity 120-f are in a non-terrestrial network. Network entity 120-e and network entity 120-f may be examples of satellites.

[0204] Figure 7 An example of a process flow 700 supporting satellite tracking-related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, process flow 700 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100, wireless communication system 200, or both, and timelines 300 and 400. Process flow 700 may illustrate an example of a UE 115 (such as UE 115-d) performing an association change procedure between beams used for communicating with one or more network entities 120 (such as network entity 120-g, network entity 120-h, or both) based on a DRX cycle configuration, which accounts for beam switching duration (e.g., the time it takes to move an antenna to change the pointing angle). The following alternative examples may be implemented in which some of the processes are performed in a different order than described or not performed. In some cases, the processes may include additional features not mentioned below, or further processes may be added.

[0205] At 705, UE 115-d may receive a DRX control message indicating a DRX cycle pattern for a current beam for communicating with network entity 120-g or a target beam for communicating with network entity 120-h. UE 115-d may receive the control message from network entity 120-g, network entity 120-h, or both. In some cases, UE 115-d may receive the DRX control message via RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or the like. Each DRX cycle may include an active duration, or on duration, and an inactive duration, or off duration. In some cases, the DRX control message may include an indication of a timer. The timer may include a duration for UE 115-d to enter the coverage area of ​​the target beam, a handover interruption time, a duration for UE 115-d to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination. The control message may include indications of: on receive duration, off receive duration, DRX inactivity timer, DRX slot offset, DRX long cycle, start offset of DRX long cycle, DRX short cycle, DRX short cycle timer, initial BWP configuration of the target beam, or any combination.

[0206] At 710, the UE 115-d may activate the timer after receiving an indication of the timer in the DRX control message. At 715, the UE 115-d may wake up based on the expiration of the timer.

[0207] UE 115-d may receive a beam switching command from network entity 120-g, network entity 120-h, or both at 720. The beam switching command may include an indication of a target beam to switch from a current beam.

[0208] At 725, UE 115-d may transmit a feedback message to network entity 120-g, network entity 120-h, or both based on receiving the beam switching command. For example, if UE 115-d successfully receives the beam switching command, UE 115-d may transmit an acknowledgment (ACK), or if UE 115-d does not successfully receive the beam switching command, UE 115-d may transmit a negative acknowledgment (NACK). At 730, UE 115-d may perform a beam switching operation from the BWP of the current beam to the BWP of the target beam based on receiving the beam switching command at 720.

[0209] At 735, when the timer expires, UE 115-d may determine to perform an association change procedure between beams based on the current cell being different from the target cell. For example, UE 115-d may change from the current beam of network entity 120-g to the target beam of network entity 120-h. In some cases, the association change procedure may be a handover between two cells. UE 115-d may transmit an indication of the association change procedure to the target network entity 120 of the target beam, such as network entity 120-h. The indication may include a random access preamble, a scheduling request, etc.

[0210] At 740, UE 115-d may move the antenna of UE 115-d to change the pointing angle during the duration. The current beam may be used to communicate with the current cell, while the target beam may be used to communicate with the target cell. The current cell may be from network entity 120-g, while the target cell may be from network entity 120-g or network entity 120-h. UE 115-d may move the antenna based on receiving the beam switching command at 720.

[0211] At 745, UE 115-d may communicate with a network entity 120 (e.g., network entity 120-h) of a target cell during the on duration of at least one DRX cycle based on moving the antenna. In some cases, UE 115-d, network entity 120-g, and network entity 120-h are in a non-terrestrial network. Network entity 120-g and network entity 120-h may be examples of satellites.

[0212] Figure 8 An example of a process flow 800 supporting satellite tracking-related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, process flow 800 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100, wireless communication system 200, or both, and timelines 300 and 400. Process flow 800 may illustrate an example of a UE 115 (such as UE 115-e) performing an association change procedure between beams used for communicating with one or more network entities 120 (such as network entity 120-i, network entity 120-j, or both) based on a cell reselection procedure, which accounts for beam switching duration (e.g., the time it takes to move an antenna to change the pointing angle). The following alternative examples may be implemented in which some of the processes are performed in a different order than described or not performed at all. In some cases, the processes may include additional features not mentioned below, or further processes may be added.

[0213] At 805, the network entity 120-i may determine information about a plurality of cells for one or more candidate network entities 120 in a cell reselection procedure. The information may be based on the ability of the UE 115-e to move its antenna during a duration and a state of the UE 115-e or the one or more candidate cells. In some cases, the network entity 120-i may determine an indication of: a cell identifier for each of the plurality of cells, location information, relative speed information, or both for the one or more candidate network entities 120, a random access preamble for each of the plurality of cells, a priority associated with the one or more candidate network entities 120, or any combination thereof. The information may include: location information associated with each of the one or more candidate network entities 120, orbital information associated with each of the one or more candidate network entities 120, a difference measured in angle corresponding to moving an antenna from a direction associated with a current cell to a direction associated with a target cell, a speed corresponding to moving the antenna, an indication of a cell identifier for each of the plurality of cells, a priority associated with the one or more candidate network entities, a duration corresponding to a QoS requirement at the UE 115-e, one or more measurements corresponding to link quality between the UE 115-e and the one or more candidate network entities 120, or any combination.

[0214] At 810, the UE 115-e may determine the ability of the UE 115-e to perform a cell reselection procedure from a current cell to a target cell. At 815, the UE 115-e may transmit a capability report to the network entity 120-i. The capability report may include an indication of the ability of the UE 115-e to perform a cell reselection procedure from the current cell to the target cell. At 820, the network entity 120-i may transmit to the UE 115-e cell information for a cell reselection procedure from the current cell of the network entity 120-i to a target cell of a candidate network entity 120, such as the network entity 120-j. The network entity 120-i may transmit the cell information based on receiving the capability report from the UE 115-e.

[0215] At 825, the UE 115-e may identify the cell information network entity 120-i determined at 805. For example, the UE 115-e may receive the cell information from the network entity 120-i or may independently determine the cell information.

[0216] At 830, the UE 115-e may select a target cell for the candidate network entity 120-j for a cell reselection procedure from the current cell based on the information. At 835, the UE 115-e may perform a cell reselection procedure to the target cell based on selecting the target cell at 830. At 840, the UE 115-e may move the antenna of the UE 115-e by a change in the pointing angle from the beam of the current cell to the beam of the target cell during the duration of the cell reselection procedure.

[0217] At 845, UE 115-e may communicate with network entity 120-j. For example, if the target beam in the cell reselection procedure is from network entity 120-j, UE 115-e may communicate with network entity 120-j using the target beam. Based on UE 115-e performing the cell reselection procedure, network entity 120-i may refrain from communicating with UE 115-e. In some cases, UE 115-e, network entity 120-i, and network entity 120-j are in a non-terrestrial network. Network entity 120-i and network entity 120-j may be examples of satellites.

[0218] Figure 9 A block diagram 900 of a device 905 supporting satellite tracking-related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 905 can be an example of aspects of the UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 can include a receiver 910, a communication manager 915, and a transmitter 920. The device 905 can also include a processor. Each of these components can be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0219] The receiver 910 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to satellite tracking methods, etc.). The information may be passed to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may be a reference Figure 12 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1220. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0220] The communication manager 915 may determine a UE capability associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communication during a duration, transmit an indication of the capability associated with moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration to the network entity, and move the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on transmitting the indication of the capability.

[0221] The communication manager 915 may also receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure; determine a duration for the UE's antenna to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communication based on receiving the control message; and transmit the random access preamble using the one or more resources after the duration.

[0222] The communication manager 915 may also receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communicating with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; move an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell; and communicate with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction.

[0223] The communication manager 915 may also identify information corresponding to one or more cells in a cell set, the cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with the UE capabilities corresponding to the mobile antenna during the duration and the state of the UE; for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell and based on the information, select a target cell from the cell set, the target cell associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities; perform a cell reselection procedure to the target cell based on selecting the target cell from the cell set; and communicate with the candidate network entity based on the cell reselection procedure. The communication manager 915 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1210 described herein.

[0224] The actions performed by the communication manager 915 as described herein can be implemented to achieve one or more potential advantages. One implementation can enable a UE to perform an association change procedure based on the duration of a change in the direction the UE points its antenna. Accounting for the duration of the association change procedure can allow the UE to communicate using the target beam without delay after switching beams, which can improve communication latency (e.g., related to not accounting for delays in changing the antenna position at the UE), among other advantages.

[0225] Based on the implementation of an association change procedure based on the duration of the pointing direction change for the antenna at the UE as described herein, a processor of the UE or base station (e.g., a processor controlling the receiver 910, the communication manager 915, the transmitter 920, or any combination thereof) can reduce the impact or likelihood of inefficient resource utilization due to delays during association change procedures (e.g., cell reselection procedures, beam switching procedures, switching procedures, etc.) while ensuring relatively efficient communication. For example, the association change techniques described herein can utilize control messages or capability reports to determine the duration of the antenna pointing angle change, which can achieve power savings at the UE (e.g., due to improved communication latency and fewer failed association change procedures) and other benefits.

[0226] The communication manager 915 or its subcomponents may be implemented in hardware, in code executed by a processor (e.g., software or firmware), or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 915 or its subcomponents may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device designed to perform the functions described in this disclosure, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof.

[0227] The communication manager 915 or its subcomponents can be physically located at various locations, including being distributed such that portions of functionality are implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 915 or its subcomponents can be separate and distinct components. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 915 or its subcomponents can be combined with one or more other hardware components (including, but not limited to, input / output (I / O) components, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or any combination thereof).

[0228] The transmitter 920 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 905. In some examples, the transmitter 920 may be co-located with the receiver 910 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 920 may be a reference Figure 12 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1220. The transmitter 920 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0229] Figure 10A block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 supporting satellite tracking-related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of the device 905 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a communication manager 1015, and a transmitter 1065. The device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0230] The receiver 1010 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to satellite tracking methods, etc.). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1005. The receiver 1010 may be a reference Figure 12 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1220. The receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0231] The communications manager 1015 may be an example of aspects of the communications manager 915 as described herein. The communications manager 1015 may include a direction component 1020, a capability component 1025, an antenna component 1030, a resource component 1035, a preamble component 1040, a control message component 1045, a DRX cycle component 1050, a target cell component 1055, and a cell reselection component 1060. The communications manager 1015 may be an example of aspects of the communications manager 1210 as described herein.

[0232] Direction component 1020 can determine UE capabilities associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating during a duration. Capabilities component 1025 can transmit to the network entity an indication of capabilities associated with moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration. Antenna component 1030 can move the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on transmitting the indication of the capabilities.

[0233] The resource component 1035 can receive a control message from a network entity that includes an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure. The antenna component 1030 can determine, based on receiving the control message, a duration for the UE's antenna to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication. The preamble component 1040 can use the one or more resources to transmit the random access preamble after the duration.

[0234] The control message component 1045 can receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communication with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration. The antenna component 1030 can move an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell. The DRX cycle component 1050 can communicate with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction.

[0235] Capabilities component 1025 can identify information corresponding to one or more cells in a set of cells, the set of cells corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with the UE capabilities corresponding to the mobile antenna during the duration and the state of the UE. Target cell component 1055 can select a target cell from the set of cells for a cell reselection procedure from the current cell and based on the information, the target cell associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities. Cell reselection component 1060 can perform a cell reselection procedure to the target cell based on selecting the target cell from the set of cells and communicate with the candidate network entity based on the cell reselection procedure.

[0236] The transmitter 1065 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device 1005. In some examples, the transmitter 1065 can be co-located with the receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 1065 can be a reference Figure 12 Examples of various aspects of the described transceiver 1220. The transmitter 1065 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0237] Figure 11 A block diagram 1100 of a communication manager 1105 supporting satellite tracking-related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 1105 can be an example of aspects of the communication manager 915, the communication manager 1015, or the communication manager 1210 described herein. The communication manager 1105 can include a direction component 1110, a capability component 1115, an antenna component 1120, an association change component 1125, a resource component 1130, a preamble component 1135, a duration component 1140, a timer component 1145, a control message component 1150, a DRX cycle component 1155, a feedback component 1160, a target cell component 1165, and a cell reselection component 1170. Each of these modules can communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0238] Direction component 1110 may determine UE capabilities associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating during a duration. Capabilities component 1115 may transmit to the network entity an indication of capabilities associated with moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration. Antenna component 1120 may move the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on transmitting the indication of the capabilities.

[0239] In some examples, direction component 1110 can receive an indication corresponding to the duration associated with a duration in which the UE steered the antenna based on a difference of one or more degrees between a first angle corresponding to a first direction and a second angle corresponding to a second direction. In some examples, antenna component 1120 can determine an antenna type associated with the antenna, a number of antennas at the UE, a continuous tracking mode associated with the antenna, a step-by-step tracking mode associated with the antenna, or any combination thereof.

[0240] The association change component 1125 can determine to perform an association change procedure from the network entity to the target network entity, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity. In some examples, the association change component 1125 can communicate with the target network entity based on moving the antenna from a first orientation to a second orientation. In some cases, the association change procedure is a handover between two cells. In some other cases, the association change procedure is a beam switching operation within the same cell. In some cases, the antenna is an AESA or a mechanically electromechanically steered antenna. In some cases, the UE and the network entity are associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity is a satellite.

[0241] The resource component 1130 can receive a control message from a network entity that includes an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure. In some examples, the antenna component 1120 can determine a duration for the UE's antenna to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communication with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication based on receiving the control message. The preamble component 1135 can use the one or more resources to transmit the random access preamble after the duration.

[0242] In some examples, the association change component 1125 can determine to perform an association change procedure from the network entity to the target network entity, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity. In some cases, the association change procedure is a handover between two cells. In some other cases, the association change procedure is a beam switching operation within the same cell. In some examples, the association change component 1125 can receive an indication of the target network entity, the indication including location information of the target network entity, an identifier corresponding to the target network entity, or both. In some examples, the association change component 1125 can transmit a random access preamble to the target network entity as part of the handover procedure, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity.

[0243] The duration component 1140 can receive a downlink control channel command from a network entity, the downlink control channel command including an indication of the duration, wherein transmitting the random access preamble after the duration is based on receiving the downlink control channel command. In some examples, the preamble component 1135 can determine an additional duration, the additional duration including an uplink channel preparation time, a BWP switching duration, an operating frequency range duration, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the preamble component 1135 can transmit the random access preamble based on the duration and the additional duration.

[0244] In some examples, duration component 1140 can determine a given duration based on the UE's antenna and the UE's ability to concurrently transmit random access preambles. In some examples, duration component 1140 can transmit the random access preamble after the given duration, where the given duration corresponds to the shorter of the duration and the additional duration. In some examples, duration component 1140 can transmit the random access preamble after the duration and the additional duration.

[0245] In some examples, duration component 1140 can receive an indication of the duration, the duration corresponding to the handover interruption time, the duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, the duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the indication is a field in an RRC message.

[0246] The timer component 1145 can initiate a timer based on receiving the indication, the timer duration corresponding to the duration. In some examples, the timer component 1145 can transmit a random access preamble based on the timer duration. The control message can be an RRC message.

[0247] In some examples, the duration component 1140 can determine the duration based on a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the duration component 1140 can determine the handover interruption time based on ephemeris information associated with one or more network entities, UE capabilities associated with a mobile antenna, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the preamble component 1135 can receive an index corresponding to a random access preamble, one or more random access opportunities for transmitting a random access preamble, or any combination thereof.

[0248] In some examples, duration component 1140 can receive a DCI message, a MAC-CE, or both, the DCI message, the MAC-CE, or both including an index corresponding to a random access preamble, an indication of one or more random access opportunities, or both. In some cases, the UE and the network entity are associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity is a satellite.

[0249] The control message component 1150 can receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communicating with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration. In some examples, the antenna component 1120 can move an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell. The DRX cycle component 1155 can communicate with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction.

[0250] In some examples, timer component 1145 may activate a timer based on receiving the indication. In some examples, timer component 1145 may wake up based on expiration of the timer. In some examples, timer component 1145 may receive a beam switching command, wherein moving the antenna from a first direction to a second direction is based on receiving the beam switching command. Feedback component 1160 may transmit a feedback message corresponding to receiving the beam switching command to a network entity. In some examples, antenna component 1120 may perform a beam switching operation from a first BWP associated with the first beam to a second BWP associated with the second beam based on receiving the beam switching command. In some cases, the timer corresponds to a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

[0251] In some examples, the timer component 1145 may activate a timer. In some examples, the timer component 1145 may wake up based on the expiration of the timer. In some examples, the timer component 1145 may determine to perform an association change procedure based on the first cell being different from the second cell. In some examples, the timer component 1145 may determine to transmit an indication of the association change procedure to a network entity associated with the second beam, wherein the indication includes a random access preamble, a scheduling request, or both. In some cases, the association change procedure is a handover procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a target network entity, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity. In some cases, the timer corresponds to a duration for the UE to enter a coverage area associated with the second beam, a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

[0252] In some cases, the control message includes an indication of: an active reception duration, an inactive reception duration, a DRX inactivity timer, a DRX slot offset, a DRX long cycle, a start offset of the DRX long cycle, a DRX short cycle, a DRX short cycle timer, an initial BWP configuration for the second beam, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the UE and the network entity are associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity is a satellite.

[0253] In some examples, capability component 1115 can identify information corresponding to one or more cells in a set of cells, the set of cells corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with the capabilities of the UE corresponding to the mobile antenna during the duration and the state of the UE. Target cell component 1165 can select a target cell from the set of cells for a cell reselection procedure from the current cell and based on the information, the target cell associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities. Cell reselection component 1170 can perform a cell reselection procedure to the target cell based on selecting the target cell from the set of cells. In some examples, cell reselection component 1170 can communicate with the candidate network entity based on the cell reselection procedure.

[0254] In some examples, the capability component 1115 can receive from a network entity an indication of: a cell identifier for each cell in the set of cells, location information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, relative speed information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, orbit information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, a random access preamble for each cell in the set of cells, a priority associated with the one or more candidate network entities, or any combination thereof, wherein identifying the information is based on the receiving. In some cases, the information includes location information associated with each of the one or more candidate network entities, a difference in angle measured corresponding to moving an antenna from a first direction associated with a current cell to a second direction associated with a target cell, a speed corresponding to moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction, an indication of a cell identifier for each cell in the set of cells, a priority associated with the one or more candidate network entities, a duration corresponding to a QoS requirement at the UE, one or more measurements corresponding to a link quality between the UE and the one or more candidate network entities, or any combination thereof.

[0255] In some examples, capability component 1115 may determine UE capabilities to perform a cell reselection procedure from a current cell to a target cell, where performing the cell reselection procedure is based on determining the UE capabilities to perform the cell reselection.

[0256] Figure 12 A diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 supporting satellite tracking-related methods according to various aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Device 1205 may be an example of, or include components of, device 905, device 1005, or UE 115 as described herein. Device 1205 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communications manager 1210, an I / O controller 1215, a transceiver 1220, an antenna 1225, a memory 1230, and a processor 1240. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1245).

[0257] The communication manager 1210 can determine a UE capability associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communication during a duration, transmit an indication of the capability associated with moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration to the network entity, and move the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on transmitting the indication of the capability.

[0258] The communication manager 1210 may also receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure; determine a duration for the UE's antenna to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communication based on receiving the control message; and transmit the random access preamble using the one or more resources after the duration.

[0259] The communication manager 1210 may also receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communicating with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; move an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell; and communicate with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction.

[0260] The communication manager 1210 may also identify information corresponding to one or more cells in a cell set, the cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information being associated with the capability of the UE corresponding to moving the antenna during a duration and the state of the UE; select a target cell from the cell set for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell and based on the information, the target cell being associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities; perform the cell reselection procedure on the target cell based on selecting the target cell from the cell set; and communicate with the candidate network entity based on the cell reselection procedure.

[0261] I / O controller 1215 can manage input and output signals for device 1205. I / O controller 1215 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 1205. In some cases, I / O controller 1215 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1215 can utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. In other cases, I / O controller 1215 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 1215 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with device 1205 via I / O controller 1215 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 1215.

[0262] The transceiver 1220 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, the transceiver 1220 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1220 can also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and demodulate packets received from the antenna.

[0263] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna 1225. However, in some cases, the device may have more than one antenna 1225, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions concurrently.

[0264] Memory 1230 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Memory 1230 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1235 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform the various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1230 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS), which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0265] Processor 1240 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1240 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1240. Processor 1240 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1230) to cause device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting satellite tracking related methods).

[0266] The code 1235 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communications. The code 1235 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, the code 1235 may not be directly executed by the processor 1240, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0267] Figure 13A block diagram 1300 is shown of a device 1305 that supports satellite tracking-related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure. Device 1305 can be an example of aspects of a network entity as described herein. Device 1305 can include a receiver 1310, a communication manager 1315, and a transmitter 1320. Device 1305 can also include a processor. Each of these components can be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0268] Receiver 1310 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to satellite tracking methods, etc.). The information may be passed to other components of device 1305. Receiver 1310 may be a reference to Figure 16 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1620. The receiver 1310 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0269] The communication manager 1315 may receive from the UE an indication of a UE capability associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating with the first network entity during a duration, and communicate with the UE using the second beam based on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on the capability.

[0270] The communication manager 1315 may also transmit a control message to the UE, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with the random access procedure; and receive the random access preamble during the one or more resources and after a duration for the UE's antenna to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating with the first network entity.

[0271] The communication manager 1315 may also transmit a control message to the UE, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern of a first beam used for communicating with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; and based on the UE moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to the second beam, communicating with the UE on the second beam used for communicating with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell.

[0272] The communication manager 1315 may also determine information corresponding to one or more cells in a cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with the capability of the UE to move its antenna during a duration and the state of the UE; transmit information to the UE for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a candidate network entity of the one or more candidate network entities; and refrain from communicating with the UE based on the UE performing the cell reselection procedure. The communication manager 1315 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1610 described herein.

[0273] The communication manager 1315 or its subcomponents may be implemented in hardware, in code executed by a processor (e.g., software or firmware), or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 1315 or its subcomponents may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device designed to perform the functions described in this disclosure, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof.

[0274] The communication manager 1315 or its subcomponents can be physically located at various locations, including being distributed such that portions of functionality are implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 1315 or its subcomponents can be separate and distinct components. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 1315 or its subcomponents can be combined with one or more other hardware components (including, but not limited to, input / output (I / O) components, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or any combination thereof).

[0275] The transmitter 1320 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 1305. In some examples, the transmitter 1320 may be co-located with the receiver 1310 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 1320 may be a reference Figure 16 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1620. The transmitter 1320 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0276] Figure 14A block diagram 1400 is shown of a device 1405 that supports satellite tracking-related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1405 can be an example of aspects of the device 1305 or the network entity 120 as described herein. The device 1405 may include a receiver 1410, a communication manager 1415, and a transmitter 1460. The device 1405 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0277] Receiver 1410 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to satellite tracking methods, etc.). The information may be passed to other components of device 1405. Receiver 1410 may be a reference Figure 16 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1620. The receiver 1410 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0278] The communications manager 1415 may be an example of aspects of the communications manager 1315 as described herein. The communications manager 1415 may include a capabilities component 1420, an antenna component 1425, a resource component 1430, a direction component 1435, a control message component 1440, a DRX cycle component 1445, a target cell component 1450, and a cell reselection component 1455. The communications manager 1415 may be an example of aspects of the communications manager 1610 described herein.

[0279] Capability component 1420 can receive, from the UE, an indication of a UE capability associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating with the first network entity during a duration. Antenna component 1425 can communicate with the UE using the second beam based on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on the capability.

[0280] The resource component 1430 may transmit a control message to the UE including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with the random access procedure. The direction component 1435 may receive the random access preamble during the one or more resources and after a duration for an antenna of the UE to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communicating with the first network entity.

[0281] The control message component 1440 may transmit a control message to the UE, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam for communicating with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration. The DRX cycle component 1445 may communicate with the UE on the second beam for communicating with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on the UE moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to the second beam, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell.

[0282] Capability component 1420 can determine information corresponding to one or more cells in a set of cells corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with the UE's capabilities corresponding to moving the antenna during the duration and the UE's state. Target cell component 1450 can transmit information to the UE for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities. Cell reselection component 1455 can refrain from communicating with the UE based on the UE performing the cell reselection procedure.

[0283] The transmitter 1420 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 1405. In some examples, the transmitter 1420 may be co-located with the receiver 1410 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 1420 may be a reference Figure 16 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1620. The transmitter 1420 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0284] Figure 15 A block diagram 1500 of a communications manager 1505 supporting satellite tracking-related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Communications manager 1505 can be an example of aspects of communications manager 1315, communications manager 1415, or communications manager 1610 described herein. Communications manager 1505 can include a capabilities component 1510, an antenna component 1515, a direction component 1520, an association change component 1525, a resource component 1530, a duration component 1535, a preamble component 1540, a control message component 1545, a DRX cycle component 1550, a timer component 1555, a target cell component 1560, and a cell reselection component 1565. Each of these modules can communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0285] Capability component 1510 can receive, from a UE, an indication of a UE capability associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating with the first network entity during a duration. Antenna component 1515 can communicate with the UE using the second beam based on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on the capability.

[0286] In some examples, direction component 1520 can transmit an indicator corresponding to the duration to the UE, the duration associated with the duration that the UE steers the antenna based on a difference in degrees between a first angle corresponding to the first direction and a second angle corresponding to the second direction. In some cases, association change component 1525 can determine that the first network entity is the target network entity in the association change procedure. In some examples, association change component 1525 can determine that the association change procedure is a handover between two cellular cells. In some other cases, the association change procedure is a beam switching operation within the same cellular cell. In some cases, the antenna is an AESA or a mechanical motor steerable antenna. In some cases, the UE and the first network entity are associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity is a satellite.

[0287] The resource component 1530 may transmit a control message to the UE including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with the random access procedure. The direction component 1520 may receive the random access preamble during the one or more resources and after a duration for an antenna of the UE to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communicating with the first network entity.

[0288] Duration component 1535 can transmit a downlink control channel command to the UE, the downlink control channel command including an indication of the duration after which receiving the random access preamble is based on transmitting the downlink control channel command. In some examples, resource component 1530 can transmit a DCI message, a MAC-CE, or both, the DCI message, the MAC-CE, or both including an index corresponding to the random access preamble, an indication of one or more random access opportunities, or both.

[0289] The preamble component 1540 may receive a random access preamble based on a duration and an additional duration, the additional duration including an uplink channel preparation time, a BWP switching duration, an operating frequency range duration, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the preamble component 1540 may receive the random access preamble after a given duration based on the UE's antenna and the UE's ability to concurrently transmit random access preambles, wherein the given duration corresponds to the shorter of the duration and the additional duration. In some examples, the preamble component 1540 may receive the random access preamble after the duration and the additional duration.

[0290] In some cases, the first network entity is a target network entity in an association change procedure. In some cases, the association change procedure is a handover between two cells. In some other cases, the association change procedure is a beam switching operation within the same cell. In some examples, association change component 1525 can transmit an indication of the following to the UE: location information of the target network entity, an identifier corresponding to the target network entity, or both. In some examples, control message component 1545 can determine that the control message is an RRC message.

[0291] In some examples, duration component 1535 can transmit an indication of the duration, a duration corresponding to a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof. In some examples, resource component 1530 can determine that the indication is a field in an RRC message.

[0292] In some examples, preamble component 1540 can transmit an index corresponding to a random access preamble, one or more random access opportunities for transmitting the random access preamble, or any combination thereof.

[0293] A control message component 1545 may transmit a control message to the UE, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam for communicating with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration. A DRX cycle component 1550 may communicate with the UE on the second beam for communicating with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on the UE moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to the second beam, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell.

[0294] The timer component 1555 can transmit a beam switching command based on the expiration of the timer at the UE, wherein the UE moves the antenna from the first direction to the second direction based on transmitting the beam switching command. In some examples, the timer component 1555 can receive a feedback message from the UE corresponding to transmitting the beam switching command. In some cases, the association change procedure is a handover procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a target network entity, wherein the second beam is used for communication with the target network entity. In some cases, the timer corresponds to a duration for the UE to enter the coverage area associated with the second beam, a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the control message includes an indication of an active reception duration, an inactive reception duration, a DRX inactivity timer, a DRX slot offset, a DRX long cycle, a start offset of the DRX long cycle, a DRX short cycle, a DRX short cycle timer, an initial BWP configuration for the second beam, or any combination thereof.

[0295] In some examples, capability component 1510 can determine information corresponding to one or more cells in a set of cells corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with the capabilities of the UE corresponding to the moving antenna during the duration and the state of the UE. Target cell component 1560 can transmit information to the UE for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a candidate network entity of the one or more candidate network entities. Cell reselection component 1565 can refrain from communicating with the UE based on the UE performing the cell reselection procedure.

[0296] In some examples, capability component 1510 can determine an indication of: a cell identifier for each cell in the set of cells, location information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, relative speed information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, orbit information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, a random access preamble for each cell in the set of cells, a priority associated with the one or more candidate network entities, or any combination thereof. In some examples, capability component 1510 can receive from the UE an indication of the UE's capability to perform a cell reselection procedure from a current cell to a target cell. In some examples, association change component 1525 can transmit to the UE an indication to perform an association change procedure based on the first cell being different from the second cell based on expiration of a timer. In some cases, the timer corresponds to a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

[0297] Figure 16 A diagram of a system 1600 including a device 1605 supporting satellite tracking-related methods according to various aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Device 1605 may be an example of, or a component comprising, device 1305, device 1405, or a network entity as described herein. Device 1605 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communications manager 1610, an I / O controller 1615, a transceiver 1620, an antenna 1625, a memory 1630, and a processor 1635. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1645).

[0298] The communication manager 1610 may receive an indication of a UE capability associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating with the first network entity during a duration from the UE, and communicate with the UE using the second beam based on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on the capability.

[0299] The communication manager 1610 may also transmit a control message to the UE, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with the random access procedure; and receive the random access preamble during the one or more resources and after a duration for the UE's antenna to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating with the first network entity.

[0300] The communication manager 1610 may also transmit a control message to the UE, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern of a first beam used for communicating with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; and based on the UE moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to the second beam, communicating with the UE on the second beam used for communicating with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cellular cell and the second beam is associated with a second cellular cell.

[0301] The communication manager 1610 may also determine information corresponding to one or more cells in a cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information being associated with the capability of the UE to move the antenna during a duration and the state of the UE; transmit to the UE information for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with one of the one or more candidate network entities; and suppress communication with the UE based on the UE performing the cell reselection procedure.

[0302] I / O controller 1615 can manage input and output signals for device 1605. I / O controller 1615 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 1605. In some cases, I / O controller 1615 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1615 can utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. In other cases, I / O controller 1615 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 1615 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with device 1605 via I / O controller 1615 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 1615.

[0303] The transceiver 1620 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, the transceiver 1620 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1620 can also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and demodulate packets received from the antenna.

[0304] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna 1625. However, in some cases, the device may have more than one antenna 1625, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions concurrently.

[0305] Memory 1630 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1630 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1640 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform the various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1630 may include, among other things, BIOS, which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0306] The processor 1635 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1635 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1635. The processor 1635 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1630) to cause the device 1605 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting satellite tracking related methods).

[0307] The code 1640 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communications. The code 1640 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, the code 1640 may not be directly executed by the processor 1635, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0308] Figure 17 1700 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0309] At 1705, the UE may determine a capability of the UE associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating during a duration. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described direction components are executed.

[0310] At 1710, the UE may transmit to the network entity an indication of a capability associated with moving the antenna from a first direction to a second direction during the duration. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described capability components are implemented.

[0311] At 1715, the UE may move the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on transmitting an indication of the capability. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The antenna assembly described is performed.

[0312] Figure 18 1800 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0313] At 1805, the UE may determine a capability of the UE associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating during a duration. The operations of 1805 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described direction components are executed.

[0314] At 1810, the UE may transmit to the network entity an indication of a capability associated with moving the antenna from a first direction to a second direction during the duration. The operations of 1810 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described capability components are implemented.

[0315] At 1815, the UE may receive an indication corresponding to the duration associated with the duration for which the UE steered the antenna based on a difference of one or more degrees between a first angle corresponding to the first direction and a second angle corresponding to the second direction. The operations of 1815 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described direction components are executed.

[0316] At 1820, the UE may move the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on transmitting an indication of the capability. The operations of 1820 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1820 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The antenna assembly described is performed.

[0317] Figure 19 1900 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0318] At 1905, the UE may receive a control message from a network entity that includes an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure. The operations of 1905 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The resource components described are executed.

[0319] At 1910, the UE may determine, based on receiving the control message, a duration for the UE's antenna to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating. The operations of 1910 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The antenna assembly described is performed.

[0320] At 1915, the UE may use the one or more resources to transmit the random access preamble after the duration. The operations of 1915 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described preamble component is executed.

[0321] Figure 20 1. A flow chart illustrating a method 2000 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0322] At 2005, the UE may receive a control message from a network entity that includes an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure. The operations of 2005 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The resource components described are executed.

[0323] At 2010, the UE may determine, based on receiving the control message, a duration for the UE's antenna to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating. The operations of 2010 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2010 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The antenna assembly described is performed.

[0324] At 2015, the UE may determine to perform an association change procedure from the network entity to the target network entity, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity. The operations of 2015 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2015 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described association changes the components to perform.

[0325] At 2020, the UE may transmit the random access preamble using the one or more resources after the duration. The operations of 2020 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2020 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described preamble component is executed.

[0326] Figure 21 1. A flow chart illustrating a method 2100 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0327] At 2105, the UE may receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communicating with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration. The operations of 2105 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2105 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The control message component described is executed.

[0328] At 2110, the UE may move an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to a first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell. The operations of 2110 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2110 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The antenna assembly described is performed.

[0329] At 2115, the UE may communicate with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction. The operations of 2115 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2115 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The DRX cycle components described are executed.

[0330] Figure 22 1. A flow chart illustrating a method 2200 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2200 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2200 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0331] At 2205, the UE may receive a control message from a network entity, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communicating with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration. The operations of 2205 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2205 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The control message component described is executed.

[0332] At 2210, the UE may activate a timer at the beginning of the inactive reception duration of the at least one DRX cycle based on receiving the indication. The operations of 2210 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2210 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described timer component is used to perform the

[0333] At 2215, the UE may wake up based on the expiration of the timer. The operations of 2215 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2215 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described timer component is used to perform the

[0334] At 2220, the UE may receive a beam switching command. The operations of 2220 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2220 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described timer component is used to perform the

[0335] At 2225, the UE may move an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to a first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell, and wherein moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction is based on receiving a beam switching command. The operations of 2225 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2225 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The antenna assembly described is performed.

[0336] At 2230, the UE may communicate with the network entity during the active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle based on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction. The operations of 2230 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2230 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The DRX cycle components described are executed.

[0337] Figure 23 1. A flow chart illustrating a method 2300 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2300 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2300 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0338] At 2305, the UE may identify information corresponding to one or more cells in a cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with the UE's ability to move the antenna during the duration and the UE's state. The operations of 2305 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2305 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described capability components are implemented.

[0339] At 2310, the UE may select a target cell from the set of cells for a cell reselection procedure from the current cell and based on the information, the target cell being associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities. The operations of 2310 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2310 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The target cell components are described to perform.

[0340] At 2315, the UE may perform a cell reselection procedure to a target cell based on selecting the target cell from the set of cells. The operations of 2315 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2315 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described cell reselection components are performed.

[0341] At 2320, the UE may communicate with the candidate network entity based on a cell reselection procedure. The operations of 2320 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2320 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described cell reselection components are performed.

[0342] Figure 24 1. A flow chart illustrating a method 2400 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2400 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2400 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0343] At 2405, the UE may identify information corresponding to one or more cells in a cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with the UE's ability to move the antenna during the duration and the UE's state. The operations of 2405 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2405 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described capability components are implemented.

[0344] At 2410, the UE may determine the UE's ability to perform a cell reselection procedure from a current cell to a target cell. The operations of 2410 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2410 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described capability components are implemented.

[0345] At 2415, the UE may select a target cell from the set of cells for a cell reselection procedure from the current cell and based on the information, the target cell being associated with a candidate network entity from the one or more candidate network entities, wherein performing the cell reselection procedure is based on determining the ability of the UE to perform the cell reselection procedure. The operations of 2415 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2415 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The target cell components are described to perform.

[0346] At 2420, the UE may perform a cell reselection procedure to a target cell based on selecting the target cell from the set of cells. The operations of 2420 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2420 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described cell reselection components are performed.

[0347] At 2425, the UE may communicate with the candidate network entity based on the cell reselection procedure. The operations of 2425 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2425 may be as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The described cell reselection components are performed.

[0348] Figure 25 A flow chart illustrating a method 2500 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2500 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2500 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. Figures 13 to 16 In some examples, a network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0349] At 2505, the network entity may receive from the UE an indication of the UE's ability to move an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communicating with the first network entity during a duration. The operations of 2505 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2505 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described capability components are implemented.

[0350] At 2510, the network entity may communicate with the UE using a second beam based on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on the capability. The operations of 2510 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2510 may be as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The antenna assembly described is performed.

[0351] Figure 26 A flow chart illustrating a method 2600 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2600 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2600 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. Figures 13 to 16 In some examples, a network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0352] At 2605, the network entity may receive from the UE an indication of the UE's ability to move an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communicating with the first network entity during a duration. The operations of 2605 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2605 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described capability components are implemented.

[0353] At 2610, the network entity may transmit to the UE an indicator corresponding to the duration associated with the duration for which the UE steered the antenna based on a degree difference between a first angle corresponding to the first direction and a second angle corresponding to the second direction. The operations of 2610 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2610 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described direction components are executed.

[0354] At 2615, the network entity may communicate with the UE using the second beam based on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based on the capability. The operations of 2615 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2615 may be as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The antenna assembly described is performed.

[0355] Figure 27 A flow chart illustrating a method 2700 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2700 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2700 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described with reference to FIG. Figures 13 to 16 In some examples, a network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0356] At 2705, the network entity may transmit a control message to the UE, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure. The operations of 2705 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2705 may be as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The resource components described are executed.

[0357] At 2710, the network entity may receive a random access preamble during the one or more resources and after a duration for the UE's antenna to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam used for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam used for communicating with the first network entity. The operations of 2710 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2710 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described direction components are executed.

[0358] Figure 28 A flow chart illustrating a method 2800 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2800 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2800 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. Figures 13 to 16 In some examples, a network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0359] At 2805, the network entity may transmit a control message to the UE, the control message including an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure. The operations of 2805 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2805 may be as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The resource components described are executed.

[0360] At 2810, the network entity may transmit a downlink control channel command to the UE, the downlink control channel command including an indication of the duration. The operations of 2810 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2810 may be as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described duration components are executed.

[0361] At 2815, the network entity may receive a random access preamble during the one or more resources and after a duration for the UE's antenna to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating with the first network entity, wherein receiving the random access preamble after the duration is based on transmitting the downlink control channel command. The operations of 2815 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2815 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described direction components are executed.

[0362] Figure 29 A flow chart illustrating a method 2900 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2900 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2900 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. Figures 13 to 16 In some examples, a network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0363] At 2905, the network entity may transmit a control message to the UE, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communicating with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration. The operations of 2905 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2905 may be as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The control message component described is executed.

[0364] At 2910, the network entity may, based on the UE, move an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to a first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam, and communicate with the UE on the second beam for communicating with the network entity during an active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell. The operations of 2910 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2910 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The DRX cycle components described are executed.

[0365] Figure 30 A flow chart illustrating a method 3000 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 3000 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 3000 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. Figures 13 to 16In some examples, a network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0366] At 3005, the network entity may transmit a control message to the UE, the control message including an indication of a DRX cycle pattern for a first beam used for communicating with the network entity, each DRX cycle including an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration. The operations of 3005 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 3005 may be as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The control message component described is executed.

[0367] At 3010, the network entity may transmit a beam switching command based on the expiration of a timer at the UE. The operations of 3010 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 3010 may be as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described timer component is used to perform the

[0368] At 3015, the network entity may, based on the UE, move an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to a first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam, communicate with the UE on the second beam for communicating with the network entity during an active reception duration of at least one DRX cycle, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell, and wherein the UE moves the antenna from the first direction to the second direction based on transmitting a beam switching command. The operations of 3015 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 3015 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The DRX cycle components described are executed.

[0369] Figure 31 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method 3100 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 3100 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 3100 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. Figures 13 to 16 In some examples, a network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0370] At 3105, the network entity may determine information corresponding to one or more cells in a cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with the UE's ability to move the antenna during the duration and the UE's state. The operations of 3105 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 3105 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described capability components are implemented.

[0371] At 3110, the network entity may transmit to the UE information for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a candidate network entity among the one or more candidate network entities. The operations of 3110 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 3110 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The target cell components are described to perform.

[0372] At 3115, the network entity may refrain from communicating with the UE based on the UE performing a cell reselection procedure. The operations of 3115 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 3115 may be as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described cell reselection components are performed.

[0373] Figure 32 A flow chart illustrating a method 3200 for supporting satellite tracking related methods according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 3200 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 3200 may be implemented by a network entity or component thereof as described with reference to FIG. Figures 13 to 16 In some examples, a network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0374] At 3205, the network entity may determine information corresponding to one or more cells in a cell set corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with the UE's ability to move the antenna during the duration and the UE's state. The operations of 3205 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 3205 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described capability components are implemented.

[0375] At 3210, the network entity may receive from the UE an indication of the UE's ability to perform a cell reselection procedure from the current cell to the target cell. The operations of 3210 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 3210 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described capability components are implemented.

[0376] At 3215, the network entity may transmit to the UE information for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a candidate network entity among the one or more candidate network entities. The operations of 3215 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 3215 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The target cell components are described to execute.

[0377] At 3220, the network entity may refrain from communicating with the UE based on the UE performing a cell reselection procedure. The operations of 3220 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 3220 may be as described with reference to Figures 13 to 16 The described cell reselection components are performed.

[0378] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0379] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used throughout much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0380] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout this description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0381] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as any combination of computing devices (e.g., any combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0382] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, each function may be stored on or transmitted by a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. Other examples and implementations fall within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination thereof. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed so that parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0383] Computer-readable media include both non-transient computer storage media and communication media, which include any media that facilitates a computer program to be transferred from one place to another. Non-transient storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer. As an example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transient medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code means of an instruction or data structure form and can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer, or a general or special-purpose processor. Similarly, any connection is also properly referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwaves, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwaves are included in the definition of computer-readable media. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0384] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items followed by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Likewise, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be read as referencing a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be read in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on."

[0385] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference number. In addition, components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference number with a dash and a second reference number that distinguishes between the similar components. If only the first reference number is used in the specification, the description applies to any of the similar components having the same first reference number, regardless of the second reference number or other subsequent reference numbers.

[0386] The description set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describes example configurations and does not represent all examples that can be implemented or fall within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and does not mean "better than" or "better than other examples." This detailed description includes specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0387] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: determining an antenna pointing capability of the UE associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating during a duration, wherein determining the antenna pointing capability of the UE associated with moving the antenna comprises determining an antenna type associated with the antenna, a number of antennas at the UE, a continuous tracking mode associated with the antenna, a step-by-step tracking mode associated with the antenna, or any combination thereof; transmitting, to the network entity, an indication of the capability associated with moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration; as well as The antenna is moved from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based at least in part on transmitting the indication of the capability.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the antenna pointing capability of the UE associated with moving the antenna comprises: An indication corresponding to the duration associated with a duration for the UE to steer the antenna based on a difference of one or more degrees between a first angle corresponding to the first direction and a second angle corresponding to the second direction is received.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining to perform an association change procedure from the network entity to a target network entity, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity; as well as Communicating with the target network entity is performed based at least in part on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction. The method of claim 3 , wherein the association change procedure is a handover between two cells. The method of claim 3 , wherein the association change procedure is a beam switching operation within the same cell.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna is an active electronically scanned array or a mechanically motor steered antenna.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE and the network entity are associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity is a satellite.

8. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a control message from a network entity, the control message comprising an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure; determining, based at least in part on receiving the control message, a duration for an antenna of the UE to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating; as well as The random access preamble is transmitted using the one or more resources after the duration.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: A determination is made to perform an association change procedure from the network entity to a target network entity, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein receiving the control message comprises: An indication of the target network entity is received, the indication including location information of the target network entity, an identifier corresponding to the target network entity, or both.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting the random access preamble comprises: The random access preamble is transmitted to the target network entity as part of a handover procedure, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity.

12. The method of claim 8, further comprising: A downlink control channel command is received from the network entity, the downlink control channel command including an indication of the duration, wherein transmitting the random access preamble after the duration is based at least in part on receiving the downlink control channel command.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein receiving the downlink control channel command comprises: A downlink control information message, a medium access control-control element, or both are received, the downlink control information message, the medium access control-control element, or both including an index corresponding to the random access preamble, an indication of one or more random access opportunities, or both.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting the random access preamble comprises: determining an additional duration, the additional duration comprising an uplink channel preparation time, a bandwidth portion switching duration, an operating frequency range duration, or any combination thereof; as well as The random access preamble is transmitted based at least in part on the duration and the additional duration.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: determining a given duration based at least in part on an ability of the UE to move the antenna of the UE and concurrently transmit the random access preamble; as well as The random access preamble is transmitted after the given duration, wherein the given duration corresponds to a shorter one of the duration and the additional duration.

16. The method of claim 14, further comprising: The random access preamble is transmitted after the duration and the additional duration.

17. The method of claim 8, wherein receiving the control message comprises: An indication of the duration is received, the duration corresponding to a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: initiating a timer based at least in part on receiving the indication, the timer duration corresponding to the duration; as well as The random access preamble is transmitted based at least in part on the timer duration.

19. The method of claim 8, further comprising: The duration is determined based at least in part on a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: The handover interruption time is determined based at least in part on ephemeris information associated with one or more network entities, capabilities of the UE associated with moving the antenna, or any combination thereof.

21. The method of claim 8, wherein receiving the control message including an indication of one or more resources comprises: An index corresponding to the random access preamble, one or more random access opportunities for transmitting the random access preamble, or any combination thereof is received.

22. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a control message from a network entity, the control message comprising an indication of a pattern of discontinuous reception cycles for a first beam used for communicating with the network entity, each discontinuous reception cycle comprising an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell; as well as Communicating with the network entity during an active reception duration of at least one discontinuous reception cycle is performed based at least in part on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the control message includes an indication of a timer, the method further comprising: activating the timer at a beginning of an inactive reception duration of the at least one discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on receiving the indication; waking up at a beginning of the active reception duration of the at least one discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on expiration of the timer; as well as A beam switching command is received, wherein moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction is based at least in part on receiving the beam switching command.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising: A feedback message corresponding to receiving the beam switching command is transmitted to the network entity.

25. The method of claim 23, further comprising: A beam switching operation is performed from a first bandwidth portion associated with the first beam to a second bandwidth portion associated with the second beam based at least in part on receiving the beam switching command.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein the timer corresponds to a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

27. The method of claim 22, wherein the control message includes an indication of a timer, the method further comprising: activating the timer after receiving the control message; waking up based at least in part on expiration of the timer; as well as A determination is made to perform an association change procedure based at least in part on the first cell being different than the second cell.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising: An indication of the association change procedure is transmitted to a network entity associated with the second beam, wherein the indication includes a random access preamble, a scheduling request, or both.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the association change procedure is a handover procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a target network entity, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein the timer corresponds to a duration for the UE to enter a coverage area associated with the second beam, a switching interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

31. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: identifying information corresponding to one or more cells of a plurality of cells, the plurality of cells corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with a capability of the UE corresponding to moving an antenna during a duration and a state of the UE; for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell and based at least in part on the information, selecting a target cell from the plurality of cells, the target cell being associated with a candidate network entity of the one or more candidate network entities; performing the cell reselection procedure to the target cell based at least in part on selecting the target cell from the plurality of cells; as well as Communicating with the candidate network entity is performed based at least in part on the cell reselection procedure.

32. The method of claim 31 , further comprising: and receiving, from a network entity, an indication of: a cell identifier for each of the plurality of cells, location information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, relative velocity information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, orbit information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, a random access preamble for each of the plurality of cells, a priority associated with the one or more candidate network entities, or any combination thereof, wherein identifying the information is based at least in part on the receiving.

33. The method of claim 31 , further comprising: A capability of the UE to perform the cell reselection procedure from the current cell to the target cell is determined, wherein performing the cell reselection procedure is based at least in part on determining the capability of the UE to perform the cell reselection procedure.

34. A method for wireless communication at a first network entity, comprising: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), an indication of an antenna pointing capability of the UE associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating with the first network entity during a duration, wherein the indication comprises determining an antenna type associated with the antenna, a number of antennas at the UE, a continuous tracking mode associated with the antenna, a step-by-step tracking mode associated with the antenna, or any combination thereof; as well as Communicating with the UE using the second beam is based at least in part on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based at least in part on the ability.

35. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; as well as one or more processors coupled to the at least one memory, the one or more processors configured to: determining an antenna pointing capability of the UE associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating during a duration, wherein determining the antenna pointing capability of the UE associated with moving the antenna comprises determining an antenna type associated with the antenna, a number of antennas at the UE, a continuous tracking mode associated with the antenna, a step-by-step tracking mode associated with the antenna, or any combination thereof; transmitting, to the network entity, an indication of the capability associated with moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration; as well as The antenna is moved from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based at least in part on transmitting the indication of the capability.

36. The UE of claim 35 , wherein the one or more processors configured to determine the antenna pointing capability of the UE associated with moving the antenna are further configured to: An indication corresponding to the duration associated with a duration for the UE to steer the antenna based on a difference of one or more degrees between a first angle corresponding to the first direction and a second angle corresponding to the second direction is received.

37. The UE of claim 35, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: determining to perform an association change procedure from the network entity to a target network entity, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity; and Communicating with the target network entity is performed based at least in part on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction.

38. The UE of claim 37, wherein the association change procedure is a handover between two cells.

39. The UE of claim 37, wherein the association change procedure is a beam switching operation within the same cell.

40. The UE of claim 35, wherein the antenna is an active electronically scanned array or a mechanically motor-steered antenna.

41. The UE of claim 35, wherein the UE and the network entity are associated with a non-terrestrial network, and wherein the network entity is a satellite.

42. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; as well as one or more processors coupled to the at least one memory, the one or more processors configured to: receiving a control message from a network entity, the control message comprising an indication of one or more resources to be used for a random access preamble associated with a random access procedure; determining, based at least in part on receiving the control message, a duration for an antenna of the UE to move from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with the network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating; as well as The random access preamble is transmitted using the one or more resources after the duration.

43. The UE of claim 42, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: A determination is made to perform an association change procedure from the network entity to a target network entity, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity.

44. The UE of claim 43, wherein the one or more processors configured to receive the control message are further configured to: An indication of the target network entity is received, the indication including location information of the target network entity, an identifier corresponding to the target network entity, or both.

45. The UE of claim 43, wherein the one or more processors configured to transmit the random access preamble are further configured to: The random access preamble is transmitted to the target network entity as part of a handover procedure, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity.

46. ​​The UE of claim 42, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: A downlink control channel command is received from the network entity, the downlink control channel command including an indication of the duration, wherein transmitting the random access preamble after the duration is based at least in part on receiving the downlink control channel command.

47. The UE of claim 46, wherein the one or more processors configured to receive the downlink control channel command are further configured to: A downlink control information message, a medium access control-control element, or both are received, the downlink control information message, the medium access control-control element, or both including an index corresponding to the random access preamble, an indication of one or more random access opportunities, or both.

48. The UE of claim 46, wherein the one or more processors configured to transmit the random access preamble are further configured to: determining an additional duration, the additional duration comprising an uplink channel preparation time, a bandwidth portion switching duration, an operating frequency range duration, or any combination thereof; and The random access preamble is transmitted based at least in part on the duration and the additional duration.

49. The UE of claim 48, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: determining a given duration based at least in part on an ability of the UE to move the antenna of the UE and concurrently transmit the random access preamble; and The random access preamble is transmitted after the given duration, wherein the given duration corresponds to a shorter one of the duration and the additional duration.

50. The UE of claim 48, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The random access preamble is transmitted after the duration and the additional duration.

51. The UE of claim 42, wherein the one or more processors configured to receive the control message are further configured to: An indication of the duration is received, the duration corresponding to a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

52. The UE of claim 51 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: initiating a timer based at least in part on receiving the indication, the timer duration corresponding to the duration; and The random access preamble is transmitted based at least in part on the timer duration.

53. The UE of claim 42, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The duration is determined based at least in part on a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

54. The UE of claim 53, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The handover interruption time is determined based at least in part on ephemeris information associated with one or more network entities, capabilities of the UE associated with moving the antenna, or any combination thereof.

55. The UE of claim 42, wherein the one or more processors configured to receive the control message including an indication of one or more resources are further configured to: An index corresponding to the random access preamble, one or more random access opportunities for transmitting the random access preamble, or any combination thereof is received.

56. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; as well as one or more processors coupled to the at least one memory, the one or more processors configured to: receiving a control message from a network entity, the control message comprising an indication of a pattern of discontinuous reception cycles for a first beam used for communicating with the network entity, each discontinuous reception cycle comprising an active reception duration and an inactive reception duration; moving an antenna of the UE from a first direction corresponding to the first beam to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communication, wherein the first beam is associated with a first cell and the second beam is associated with a second cell; as well as Communicating with the network entity during an active reception duration of at least one discontinuous reception cycle is performed based at least in part on moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction.

57. The UE of claim 56, wherein the control message includes an indication of a timer, the one or more processors being further configured to: activating the timer at a beginning of an inactive reception duration of the at least one discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on receiving the indication; waking up at a beginning of the active reception duration of the at least one discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on expiration of the timer; as well as A beam switching command is received, wherein moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction is based at least in part on receiving the beam switching command.

58. The UE of claim 57, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: A feedback message corresponding to receiving the beam switching command is transmitted to the network entity.

59. The UE of claim 57, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: A beam switching operation is performed from a first bandwidth portion associated with the first beam to a second bandwidth portion associated with the second beam based at least in part on receiving the beam switching command.

60. The UE of claim 57, wherein the timer corresponds to a handover interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

61. The UE of claim 56, wherein the control message includes an indication of a timer, the one or more processors being further configured to: activating the timer after receiving the control message; waking up based at least in part on expiration of the timer; and A determination is made to perform an association change procedure based at least in part on the first cell being different than the second cell.

62. The UE of claim 61 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: An indication of the association change procedure is transmitted to a network entity associated with the second beam, wherein the indication includes a random access preamble, a scheduling request, or both.

63. The UE of claim 61, wherein the association change procedure is a switching procedure from a current cell associated with the network entity to a target cell associated with a target network entity, wherein the second beam is used to communicate with the target network entity.

64. The UE of claim 61, wherein the timer corresponds to a duration for the UE to enter a coverage area associated with the second beam, a switching interruption time, a duration for the UE to apply frequency compensation, a duration for frequency retuning, or any combination thereof.

65. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; as well as one or more processors coupled to the at least one memory, the one or more processors configured to: identifying information corresponding to one or more cells of a plurality of cells, the plurality of cells corresponding to one or more candidate network entities, the information associated with a capability of the UE corresponding to moving an antenna during a duration and a state of the UE; for a cell reselection procedure from a current cell and based at least in part on the information, selecting a target cell from the plurality of cells, the target cell being associated with a candidate network entity of the one or more candidate network entities; performing the cell reselection procedure to the target cell based at least in part on selecting the target cell from the plurality of cells; as well as Communicating with the candidate network entity is performed based at least in part on the cell reselection procedure.

66. The UE of claim 65, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: and receiving, from a network entity, an indication of: a cell identifier for each of the plurality of cells, location information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, relative velocity information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, orbit information corresponding to the one or more candidate network entities, a random access preamble for each of the plurality of cells, a priority associated with the one or more candidate network entities, or any combination thereof, wherein identifying the information is based at least in part on the receiving.

67. The UE of claim 65, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: A capability of the UE to perform the cell reselection procedure from the current cell to the target cell is determined, wherein performing the cell reselection procedure is based at least in part on determining the capability of the UE to perform the cell reselection procedure.

68. A first network entity for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; as well as one or more processors coupled to the at least one memory, the one or more processors configured to: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), an indication of an antenna pointing capability of the UE associated with moving an antenna from a first direction corresponding to a first beam for communicating with a second network entity to a second direction corresponding to a second beam for communicating with the first network entity during a duration, wherein the indication comprises determining an antenna type associated with the antenna, a number of antennas at the UE, a continuous tracking mode associated with the antenna, a step-by-step tracking mode associated with the antenna, or any combination thereof; as well as Communicating with the UE using the second beam is based at least in part on the UE moving the antenna from the first direction to the second direction during the duration based at least in part on the ability.

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