A high-isolation terminal antenna system

Abstract

This application discloses a high-isolation terminal antenna system, relating to the field of antenna technology. It combines current-loop antennas and / or magnetic flux-loop antennas with different location characteristics to provide good radiation performance while maintaining good isolation. Specifically, the terminal antenna system includes a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna. The first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna are either current-loop antennas or magnetic flux-loop antennas. When the current-loop antenna is working, a uniform magnetic field is distributed between the radiator of the current-loop antenna and the reference ground. When the magnetic flux-loop antenna is working, a uniform electric field is distributed between the radiator of the magnetic flux-loop antenna and the reference ground. The first antenna is disposed on a first side of the electronic device, the second antenna is disposed on a second side of the electronic device, and the third antenna is disposed on a third side of the electronic device. The first side and the third side are opposite each other, and both the first side and the third side are adjacent to the second side.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a high-isolation terminal antenna system. Background Technology

[0002] In electronic devices, multiple antennas can be used to support the increasing wireless communication needs of the devices. However, when multiple antennas operate simultaneously, mutual interference can occur, affecting the overall radiation performance of the electronic device. By improving the isolation between multiple antennas, the mutual interference during operation can be effectively mitigated. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a high-isolation terminal antenna system that can combine current loop antennas and / or magnetic flux loop antennas with different location characteristics to provide good radiation performance while providing good isolation.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, a high-isolation terminal antenna system is provided for use in electronic devices. The terminal antenna system includes a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna. The first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna are either current-loop antennas or magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antennas. When the current-loop antenna is operating, a uniform magnetic field is distributed between the radiator of the current-loop antenna and a reference ground. When the MHD loop antenna is operating, a uniform electric field is distributed between the radiator of the MHD loop antenna and the reference ground. The first antenna is disposed on a first side of the electronic device, the second antenna is disposed on a second side of the electronic device, and the third antenna is disposed on a third side of the electronic device. The first side and the third side are opposite each other and are respectively adjacent to the second side.

[0006] Based on this scheme, a schematic diagram of a high-isolation antenna system based on an orthogonal distribution of multiple antennas (such as three antennas) is provided. In this example, the three antennas can be respectively arranged on different sides of the electronic device. Any one of the three antennas can be a current loop antenna or a magnetic flux loop antenna. This allows the current loop antenna and / or magnetic flux loop antenna to provide good radiation performance based on their uniform electric or magnetic field. Simultaneously, the distributed antenna structure formed by antennas arranged on two opposite sides can excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane with the antenna arranged on the other side, thereby obtaining high isolation characteristics.

[0007] In one possible design, both the first antenna and the third antenna are current loop antennas, or both are magnetic flux loop antennas. Based on this scheme, the type of the two relatively arranged antennas in this example is defined. That is, the two relatively arranged antennas can be of the same type.

[0008] In one possible design, the first antenna, and / or the second antenna, and / or the third antenna are fed in any of the following ways: direct feeding or coupled feeding. Based on this scheme, a description of the feeding methods for the antennas involved in this example is provided. That is, the feeding methods for different antennas can be the same or different; they can all be direct feeding, or they can include coupled feeding.

[0009] In one possible design, where the first and third antennas are directly fed, the feed points of the first and third antennas are located on the same side of their respective antenna radiators. Based on this scheme, the positional constraints of the feed points of the two antennas arranged opposite each other in this example are provided. For example, assuming the first and third antennas are located on the left and right long sides respectively. The feed point of the first antenna can be located at the upper end of the first antenna radiator, and the feed point of the third antenna can also be located at the upper end of the first antenna radiator. Alternatively, the feed point of the first antenna can be located at the lower end of the first antenna radiator, and the feed point of the third antenna can also be located at the lower end of the first antenna radiator. Or, the feed point of the first antenna can be located at the center of the first antenna radiator, and the feed point of the third antenna can also be located at the center of the first antenna radiator.

[0010] In one possible design, the first antenna is positioned on the first side as a first position, and the third antenna is positioned on the third side as a second position. The first and second positions are axially symmetrical about the midline of the second side. Based on this scheme, a positional limitation for two opposing antennas is provided. For example, assuming the first and third antennas are located on the left and right long sides, respectively: The first antenna can be positioned at the upper end of the left long side, and the third antenna can be positioned at the upper end of the right long side. Alternatively, the first antenna can be positioned at the lower end of the left long side, and the third antenna can be positioned at the lower end of the right long side. Or, the first antenna can be positioned in the middle of the left long side, and the third antenna can be positioned in the middle of the right long side.

[0011] In one possible design, the second antenna is a current loop antenna. Based on this approach, a specific type of antenna positioned in the middle (such as the top of an electronic device) is defined.

[0012] In one possible design, the port corresponding to the distributed antenna structure formed by the first antenna and the third antenna is designated as the first port. The ports of the first and second antennas are respectively connected to the first port. When the terminal antenna system is operating, equal-amplitude and in-phase feed signals are fed to the ports of the first and second antennas respectively through the first port. Based on this scheme, the feed signal requirements for the antennas on both sides are provided when the antenna at the top is a current loop antenna. For example, symmetrical feeding can enable the antennas on both sides to jointly excite a longitudinal current, which is orthogonal to the lateral current path excited by the current loop antenna at the top, thereby achieving high isolation.

[0013] In one possible design, the second antenna is a magnetohydrodynamic loop antenna. Based on this scheme, a specific type of antenna positioned in the middle (such as the top of an electronic device) is provided.

[0014] In one possible design, the port corresponding to the distributed antenna structure formed by the first antenna and the third antenna is designated as the first port. The ports of the first and second antennas are respectively connected to the first port. When the terminal antenna system is operating, equal-amplitude, opposite-biased feed signals are fed to the ports of the first and second antennas respectively through the first port. Based on this scheme, the feed signal requirements for the antennas on both sides are provided when the antenna at the top is a magnetic flux loop antenna. For example, anti-symmetrical feeding can be used to enable the antennas on both sides to jointly excite a lateral current, which is orthogonal to the longitudinal current path excited by the magnetic flux loop antenna at the top, thereby achieving high isolation.

[0015] In one possible design, when the terminal antenna system is operating, the ground current excited by the distributed antenna structure formed by the first and third antennas is in a first direction, and the ground current excited by the second antenna is in a second direction, with the first and second directions being orthogonal. Based on this scheme, a direct feature for achieving high isolation characteristics is provided. The antennas on both sides achieve high isolation characteristics by jointly exciting a current orthogonal to the excitation current of the other antenna.

[0016] In one possible design, the current loop antenna includes a current loop line antenna and a current loop slot antenna. The radiator of the current loop line antenna has at least one first capacitor connected in parallel to ground, and the radiator of the current loop slot antenna has at least one second capacitor connected in series. The first capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop antenna and a reference ground. The second capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop slot antenna and the reference ground. Based on this scheme, a specific illustrative example of a current loop antenna is provided.

[0017] In one possible design, the current loop antenna includes a current loop monopole antenna and a current loop dipole antenna. The current loop slot antenna includes a current loop left-handed antenna and a current loop slot antenna. Based on this scheme, several specific examples of current loop antenna types are provided.

[0018] In one possible design, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna includes a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna and a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop slot antenna. The radiator of the MHD loop antenna is connected in parallel with at least one first inductor grounded, and the radiator of the MHD loop antenna is connected in series with at least one second inductor. The first inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the MHD loop antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the MHD loop antenna and a reference ground. The second inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the MHD loop antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the MHD loop antenna and the reference ground. Based on this scheme, a specific illustrative example of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna is provided.

[0019] In one possible design, the magnetic flux loop antenna includes a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna and a magnetic flux loop dipole antenna. The magnetic flux loop slot antenna includes a magnetic flux loop left-handed antenna and a magnetic flux loop slot antenna. Based on this scheme, several specific examples of magnetic flux loop antenna types are provided.

[0020] Secondly, a high-isolation terminal antenna system is provided for use in electronic devices. The terminal antenna system includes a first antenna and a second antenna. Both the first antenna and the second antenna are current-loop antennas, or both are magnetic flux-loop antennas. When the current-loop antenna is operating, a uniform magnetic field is distributed between the radiator of the current-loop antenna and a reference ground. When the magnetic flux-loop antenna is operating, a uniform electric field is distributed between the radiator of the magnetic flux-loop antenna and the reference ground. The first antenna is disposed on a first side of the electronic device, and the second antenna is disposed on a second side of the electronic device, with the first side and the second side being adjacent.

[0021] Based on this scheme, an example of an orthogonally distributed high-isolation antenna pair in a dual-antenna system is provided. In this example, both antennas can be current loop antennas or magnetic flux loop antennas, thereby providing good radiation performance through a uniform electric or magnetic field. Furthermore, due to the orthogonal positioning, the two antennas can respectively excite orthogonal currents on the ground, thus achieving high isolation characteristics.

[0022] In one possible design, the first antenna, and / or the second antenna, and / or the third antenna are fed in any of the following ways: direct feeding or coupled feeding. Based on this scheme, a description of the feeding methods of the antennas involved in this example is provided. That is, the feeding methods of different antennas can be the same or different; they can all be direct feeding, or they can include coupled feeding.

[0023] In one possible design, the first side is the short side of the electronic device, the second side is the long side of the electronic device, the first antenna is located at the center of the first side, and the second antenna is located at the center of the second side. Based on this scheme, an optimized design is provided in which, when the two antennas are respectively set at the center of their respective sides, the direction of their excited ground current is closer to horizontal or vertical, thereby achieving better isolation.

[0024] In one possible design, the current loop antenna includes a current loop line antenna and a current loop slot antenna. The radiator of the current loop line antenna has at least one first capacitor connected in parallel to ground, and the radiator of the current loop slot antenna has at least one second capacitor connected in series. The first capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop antenna and a reference ground. The second capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop slot antenna and the reference ground. Based on this scheme, a specific illustrative example of a current loop antenna is provided.

[0025] In one possible design, the current loop antenna includes a current loop monopole antenna and a current loop dipole antenna. The current loop slot antenna includes a current loop left-handed antenna and a current loop slot antenna. Based on this scheme, several specific examples of current loop antenna types are provided.

[0026] In one possible design, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna includes a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna and a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop slot antenna. The radiator of the MHD loop antenna is connected in parallel with at least one first inductor grounded, and the radiator of the MHD loop antenna is connected in series with at least one second inductor. The first inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the MHD loop antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the MHD loop antenna and a reference ground. The second inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the MHD loop antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the MHD loop antenna and the reference ground. Based on this scheme, a specific illustrative example of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna is provided.

[0027] In one possible design, the magnetic flux loop antenna includes a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna and a magnetic flux loop dipole antenna. The magnetic flux loop slot antenna includes a magnetic flux loop left-handed antenna and a magnetic flux loop slot antenna. Based on this scheme, several specific examples of magnetic flux loop antenna types are provided.

[0028] Thirdly, a high-isolation terminal antenna system is provided, characterized in that it is applied to an electronic device. The terminal antenna system includes a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna. The first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna are current loop antennas or magnetohydrodynamic loop antennas. The first antenna is disposed on a first side of the electronic device, the second antenna is disposed on a second side of the electronic device, and the third antenna is disposed on a third side of the electronic device. The first side and the third side are opposite to each other and are adjacent to the second side, respectively. When the current loop antenna is a current loop monopole antenna or a current loop dipole antenna, at least one end of the current loop antenna radiator is provided with a first capacitor grounded. When the current loop antenna is a current loop slot antenna or a current loop left-handed antenna, at least one second capacitor is connected in series on the current loop antenna radiator. The capacitance values ​​of the first and second capacitors are set as follows: when the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is 450MHz-1GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.5pF, 15pF]; when the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is 1GHz-3GHz... At Hz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [0.5pF, 15pF]; when the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is 3GHz-10GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.2pF, 12pF]; when the magnetic flux loop antenna is a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna or a magnetic flux loop dipole antenna, at least one end of the magnetic flux loop antenna radiator is provided with a first inductor grounded; when the magnetic flux loop antenna is a magnetic flux loop slot antenna or a magnetic flux loop left-handed antenna, at least one second inductor is connected in series on the magnetic flux loop antenna radiator. The inductance values ​​of the first inductor and the second inductor are set as follows: when the operating frequency band of the magnetic flux loop antenna is 450MHz-1GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [5nH, 47nH]; when the operating frequency band of the magnetic flux loop antenna is 1GHz-3GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [1nH, 33nH]; when the operating frequency band of the magnetic flux loop antenna is 3GHz-10GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [0.5nH, 10nH].

[0029] Based on this scheme, a schematic diagram of a high-isolation antenna system based on an orthogonal distribution of multiple antennas (such as three antennas) is provided. In this example, the three antennas can be respectively arranged on different sides of the electronic device. Any one of the three antennas can be a current loop antenna or a magnetic flux loop antenna. This allows the current loop antenna and / or magnetic flux loop antenna to provide good radiation performance based on their uniform electric or magnetic field. The distributed antenna structure formed by antennas arranged on two opposite sides can excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane with the antenna arranged on the other side, thereby obtaining high isolation characteristics. In this example, the range of values ​​for the capacitor or inductor used to implement the current loop antenna and the magnetic flux loop antenna is also provided.

[0030] In one possible design, both the first antenna and the third antenna are current loop antennas, or both are magnetic flux loop antennas. Based on this scheme, the type of the two relatively arranged antennas in this example is defined. That is, the two relatively arranged antennas can be of the same type.

[0031] In one possible design, the first antenna, and / or the second antenna, and / or the third antenna are fed in any of the following ways: direct feeding or coupled feeding. Based on this scheme, a description of the feeding methods for the antennas involved in this example is provided. That is, the feeding methods for different antennas can be the same or different; they can all be direct feeding, or they can include coupled feeding.

[0032] In one possible design, where the first and third antennas are directly fed, the feed points of the first and third antennas are located on the same side of their respective antenna radiators. Based on this scheme, the positional constraints of the feed points of the two antennas arranged opposite each other in this example are provided. For example, assuming the first and third antennas are located on the left and right long sides respectively. The feed point of the first antenna can be located at the upper end of the first antenna radiator, and the feed point of the third antenna can also be located at the upper end of the first antenna radiator. Alternatively, the feed point of the first antenna can be located at the lower end of the first antenna radiator, and the feed point of the third antenna can also be located at the lower end of the first antenna radiator. Or, the feed point of the first antenna can be located at the center of the first antenna radiator, and the feed point of the third antenna can also be located at the center of the first antenna radiator.

[0033] In one possible design, the first antenna is positioned on the first side as a first position, and the third antenna is positioned on the third side as a second position. The first and second positions are axially symmetrical about the midline of the second side. Based on this scheme, a positional limitation for two opposing antennas is provided. For example, assuming the first and third antennas are located on the left and right long sides, respectively: The first antenna can be positioned at the upper end of the left long side, and the third antenna can be positioned at the upper end of the right long side. Alternatively, the first antenna can be positioned at the lower end of the left long side, and the third antenna can be positioned at the lower end of the right long side. Or, the first antenna can be positioned in the middle of the left long side, and the third antenna can be positioned in the middle of the right long side.

[0034] In one possible design, the second antenna is a current loop antenna. Based on this approach, a specific type of antenna positioned in the middle (such as the top of an electronic device) is defined.

[0035] In one possible design, the port corresponding to the distributed antenna structure formed by the first antenna and the third antenna is designated as the first port. The ports of the first and second antennas are respectively connected to the first port. When the terminal antenna system is operating, equal-amplitude and in-phase feed signals are fed to the ports of the first and second antennas respectively through the first port. Based on this scheme, the feed signal requirements for the antennas on both sides are provided when the antenna at the top is a current loop antenna. For example, symmetrical feeding can enable the antennas on both sides to jointly excite a longitudinal current, which is orthogonal to the lateral current path excited by the current loop antenna at the top, thereby achieving high isolation.

[0036] In one possible design, the second antenna is a magnetohydrodynamic loop antenna. Based on this scheme, a specific type of antenna positioned in the middle (such as the top of an electronic device) is provided.

[0037] In one possible design, the port corresponding to the distributed antenna structure formed by the first antenna and the third antenna is designated as the first port. The ports of the first and second antennas are respectively connected to the first port. When the terminal antenna system is operating, equal-amplitude, opposite-biased feed signals are fed to the ports of the first and second antennas respectively through the first port. Based on this scheme, the feed signal requirements for the antennas on both sides are provided when the antenna at the top is a magnetic flux loop antenna. For example, anti-symmetrical feeding can be used to enable the antennas on both sides to jointly excite a lateral current, which is orthogonal to the longitudinal current path excited by the magnetic flux loop antenna at the top, thereby achieving high isolation.

[0038] In one possible design, when the terminal antenna system is operating, the ground current excited by the distributed antenna structure formed by the first and third antennas is in a first direction, and the ground current excited by the second antenna is in a second direction, with the first and second directions being orthogonal. Based on this scheme, a direct feature for achieving high isolation characteristics is provided. The antennas on both sides achieve high isolation characteristics by jointly exciting a current orthogonal to the excitation current of the other antenna.

[0039] In one possible design, the current loop antenna includes a current loop line antenna and a current loop slot antenna. The radiator of the current loop line antenna has at least one first capacitor connected in parallel to ground, and the radiator of the current loop slot antenna has at least one second capacitor connected in series. The first capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop antenna and a reference ground. The second capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop slot antenna and the reference ground. Based on this scheme, a specific illustrative example of a current loop antenna is provided.

[0040] In one possible design, the current loop antenna includes a current loop monopole antenna and a current loop dipole antenna. The current loop slot antenna includes a current loop left-handed antenna and a current loop slot antenna. Based on this scheme, several specific examples of current loop antenna types are provided.

[0041] In one possible design, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna includes a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna and a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop slot antenna. The radiator of the MHD loop antenna is connected in parallel with at least one first inductor grounded, and the radiator of the MHD loop antenna is connected in series with at least one second inductor. The first inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the MHD loop antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the MHD loop antenna and a reference ground. The second inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the MHD loop antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the MHD loop antenna and the reference ground. Based on this scheme, a specific illustrative example of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna is provided.

[0042] In one possible design, the magnetic flux loop antenna includes a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna and a magnetic flux loop dipole antenna. The magnetic flux loop slot antenna includes a magnetic flux loop left-handed antenna and a magnetic flux loop slot antenna. Based on this scheme, several specific examples of magnetic flux loop antenna types are provided.

[0043] Fourthly, a high-isolation terminal antenna system is provided, characterized in that it is applied to an electronic device, the terminal antenna system comprising a first antenna and a second antenna, both of which are current loop antennas, or both of which are magnetohydrodynamic loop antennas; the first antenna is disposed on a first side of the electronic device, and the second antenna is disposed on a second side of the electronic device, the first side and the second side being adjacent; wherein, when the current loop antenna is a current loop monopole antenna or a current loop dipole antenna, at least one end of the radiator of the current loop antenna is provided with a first capacitor grounded; when the current loop antenna is a current loop slot antenna or a current loop left-handed antenna, at least one second capacitor is connected in series on the radiator of the current loop antenna; wherein, the capacitance values ​​of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are set as follows: when the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is 450MHz-1GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.5pF, 15pF]; when the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is 1GHz-3GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.5pF, 15pF]. The capacitance value is set within [0.5pF, 15pF]; when the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is 3GHz-10GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.2pF, 12pF]; when the magnetic flux loop antenna is a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna or a magnetic flux loop dipole antenna, at least one end of the magnetic flux loop antenna radiator is provided with a first inductor grounded; when the magnetic flux loop antenna is a magnetic flux loop slot antenna or a magnetic flux loop left-handed antenna, at least one second inductor is connected in series on the magnetic flux loop antenna radiator; wherein, the first inductor The inductance values ​​of the first inductor and the second inductor are set as follows: when the operating frequency band of the magnetic flux loop antenna is 450MHz-1GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [5nH, 47nH]; when the operating frequency band of the magnetic flux loop antenna is 1GHz-3GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [1nH, 33nH]; when the operating frequency band of the magnetic flux loop antenna is 3GHz-10GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [0.5nH, 10nH].

[0044] Based on this scheme, an example of an orthogonally distributed high-isolation antenna pair in a dual-antenna system is provided. In this example, both antennas can be current-loop antennas or magnetic flux-loop antennas, thereby providing good radiation performance through a uniform electric or magnetic field. Furthermore, due to the orthogonal positioning, the two antennas can respectively excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane, thus achieving high isolation characteristics. This example also provides limitations on the range of values ​​for the capacitors or inductors used to implement the current-loop antennas and magnetic flux-loop antennas.

[0045] In one possible design, the first antenna, and / or the second antenna, and / or the third antenna are fed in any of the following ways: direct feeding or coupled feeding. Based on this scheme, a description of the feeding methods of the antennas involved in this example is provided. That is, the feeding methods of different antennas can be the same or different; they can all be direct feeding, or they can include coupled feeding.

[0046] In one possible design, the first side is the short side of the electronic device, the second side is the long side of the electronic device, the first antenna is located at the center of the first side, and the second antenna is located at the center of the second side. Based on this scheme, an optimized design is provided in which, when the two antennas are respectively set at the center of their respective sides, the direction of their excited ground current is closer to horizontal or vertical, thereby achieving better isolation.

[0047] In one possible design, the current loop antenna includes a current loop line antenna and a current loop slot antenna. The radiator of the current loop line antenna has at least one first capacitor connected in parallel to ground, and the radiator of the current loop slot antenna has at least one second capacitor connected in series. The first capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop antenna and a reference ground. The second capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop slot antenna and the reference ground. Based on this scheme, a specific illustrative example of a current loop antenna is provided.

[0048] In one possible design, the current loop antenna includes a current loop monopole antenna and a current loop dipole antenna. The current loop slot antenna includes a current loop left-handed antenna and a current loop slot antenna. Based on this scheme, several specific examples of current loop antenna types are provided.

[0049] In one possible design, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna includes a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna and a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop slot antenna. The radiator of the MHD loop antenna is connected in parallel with at least one first inductor grounded, and the radiator of the MHD loop antenna is connected in series with at least one second inductor. The first inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the MHD loop antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the MHD loop antenna and a reference ground. The second inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the MHD loop antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the MHD loop antenna and the reference ground. Based on this scheme, a specific illustrative example of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop antenna is provided.

[0050] In one possible design, the magnetic flux loop antenna includes a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna and a magnetic flux loop dipole antenna. The magnetic flux loop slot antenna includes a magnetic flux loop left-handed antenna and a magnetic flux loop slot antenna. Based on this scheme, several specific examples of magnetic flux loop antenna types are provided.

[0051] Fifthly, an electronic device is provided, which is equipped with a terminal antenna system as described in the first aspect and any possible design thereof; or, the electronic device is equipped with a terminal antenna system as described in the second aspect and any possible design thereof; or, the electronic device is equipped with a terminal antenna system as described in the third aspect and any possible design thereof; or, the electronic device is equipped with a terminal antenna system as described in the fourth aspect and any possible design thereof. When transmitting or receiving signals, the electronic device transmits or receives signals through the terminal antenna system.

[0052] It should be understood that the technical features of the technical solutions provided in the third, fourth and fifth aspects can all be corresponding to the terminal antenna system provided in the first aspect and its possible designs, or the terminal antenna system provided in the second aspect and its possible designs. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved are similar, and will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-antenna scenario;

[0054] Figure 2 A stacked schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna arrangement on a metal housing provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of a current loop antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the composition of a current loop antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a coupled-fed current loop antenna provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of a magnetic flux loop antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a magnetic flux loop antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a coupled-fed magnetic flux loop antenna provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 11 A schematic diagram showing the position of a series-distributed antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 12 A schematic diagram showing the position of a parallel-distributed antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 13A A schematic diagram showing the positions of relatively distributed antenna pairs provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 13B A schematic diagram showing the position of an orthogonally distributed antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 13C This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a CM antenna and a DM antenna according to embodiments of the present application.

[0068] Figure 14 An orthogonal schematic diagram of floor current provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of floor current distribution provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the electric field distribution on a floor provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 17A A schematic diagram of a series antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 17B A schematic diagram illustrating the excitation ground current of a magnetic flux loop antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the ground current of a series antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of a series antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 20 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of a tandem antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 21 A schematic diagram illustrating the efficiency of a series-connected antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 22A A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of yet another series-connected antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 22BA schematic diagram of a series-connected antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0079] Figure 22C A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of a series antenna group provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0080] Figure 22D A schematic diagram illustrating the isolation of a series-connected antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0081] Figure 22E A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a series antenna group provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 22F A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of a series antenna group provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 23A A schematic diagram of a parallel antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0084] Figure 23B A schematic diagram illustrating the structural implementation of a parallel antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0085] Figure 24 A schematic diagram of the current of a parallel antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0086] Figure 25 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of a parallel antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0087] Figure 26 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of a parallel antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0088] Figure 27 A schematic diagram illustrating the efficiency of a parallel antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0089] Figure 28 A schematic diagram of a parallel antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0090] Figure 29 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of a parallel antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0091] Figure 30 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of a parallel antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0092] Figure 31 A schematic diagram illustrating the efficiency of a parallel antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0093] Figure 32 A schematic diagram of a parallel antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0094] Figure 33 A schematic diagram of the current of a parallel antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0095] Figure 34 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of a parallel antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0096] Figure 35 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of a parallel antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0097] Figure 36 A schematic diagram illustrating the efficiency of a parallel antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0098] Figure 37 A schematic diagram of a parallel antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0099] Figure 38 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of a parallel antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0100] Figure 39 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of a parallel antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0101] Figure 40 A schematic diagram illustrating the efficiency of a parallel antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0102] Figure 41 A schematic diagram of a parallel antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0103] Figure 42 A schematic diagram of a pair of opposing antennas provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0104] Figure 43 A specific example of a pair of opposing antennas provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0105] Figure 44 A schematic diagram of the current flow direction of a pair of opposing antennas provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0106] Figure 45A A current simulation diagram of a pair of antennas provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0107] Figure 45B A current simulation diagram of a pair of antennas provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0108] Figure 45C A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of a pair of opposing antennas provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0109] Figure 46A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of a pair of antennas provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0110] Figure 47 A schematic diagram of an orthogonal antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0111] Figure 48 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of an orthogonal antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0112] Figure 49 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of an orthogonal antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0113] Figure 50 A schematic diagram of an orthogonal antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0114] Figure 51 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of an orthogonal antenna pair provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0115] Figure 52 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of an orthogonal antenna pair provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0116] Figure 53A A schematic diagram of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0117] Figure 53B A schematic diagram of the current flow direction of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0118] Figure 54 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0119] Figure 55 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0120] Figure 56 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0121] Figure 57 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0122] Figure 58A A schematic diagram of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0123] Figure 58B A current simulation diagram of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0124] Figure 59A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0125] Figure 60 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0126] Figure 61 A schematic diagram of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0127] Figure 62 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0128] Figure 63 A schematic diagram of the S-parameters of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0129] Figure 64 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0130] Figure 65 This is a schematic diagram of the S-parameters of an orthogonal three-antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0131] With the development of wireless communication technology, electronic devices typically need to be equipped with multiple antennas to meet their wireless communication requirements. The operating frequency bands of some antennas can partially or completely overlap, thereby improving the communication capabilities of the corresponding frequency bands.

[0132] For example, combining Figure 1 Taking an electronic device with antennas E1 and E2, whose operating frequency bands overlap, as an example, when the electronic device uses the corresponding operating frequency bands of E1 and E2 for wireless communication, E1 and E2 may operate simultaneously. For instance, when E1 is operating, it can transmit the electronic device's signal in the form of electromagnetic waves, the resonant frequency of which can be included within E1's operating frequency band, thereby achieving signal transmission. E2 can convert electromagnetic waves from external space into signals that the electronic device can process (such as analog signals), thereby achieving signal reception.

[0133] Understandably, since E1 and E2 operate on the same frequency band, the signal received by E2 may include the signal emitted by E1. This portion of the signal is clearly unnecessary for the electronic device to receive; therefore, it is invalid for E2's operation. In other words, when E1 and E2 operate simultaneously, the two antennas may interfere with each other, thereby reducing the antenna's wireless communication efficiency.

[0134] The above example illustrates a scenario where E1 transmits and E2 receives. Similar issues may arise in other scenarios, reducing the wireless communication efficiency of the antenna. For instance, in a scenario where E1 receives and E2 transmits, the same problem can occur due to a similar mechanism. Furthermore, when E1 and E2 operate at different frequency bands—for example, if E1 operates at a lower frequency than E2—although their operating frequencies do not overlap, the harmonics of the resonant frequency corresponding to E1's operation may still affect the operation of E2.

[0135] To address the issue of mutual interference in multi-antenna scenarios, the isolation between antennas can be improved to reduce their impact. Better isolation results in less mutual interference. Isolation can be represented by a normalized value. For example, in two-port isolation, the isolation can be identified by S21 (or S12) in the S-parameters. The value of S21 at different frequencies corresponds to the two-port isolation at the current frequency. After normalization, the maximum isolation value does not exceed 0. A larger absolute value of isolation indicates better isolation and less interference between antennas. Conversely, a smaller absolute value of isolation indicates poorer isolation and greater interference between antennas. For clarity, the absolute value of isolation will be simply referred to as isolation in the following examples. For instance, a larger absolute value of isolation will be simply referred to as larger isolation, and a smaller absolute value of isolation will be simply referred to as smaller isolation.

[0136] It should be understood that the strength of an antenna's radiation performance also affects the isolation between antennas. Continuing with the above... Figure 1 As illustrated in the example, when E1 and E2 influence each other, and other factors are disregarded, the better the antenna's radiation performance, the lower the isolation between the antennas, and the greater the mutual influence. For instance, the better the radiation performance of E1, the worse the isolation with E2 will be within the frequency point or band where it has better radiation performance. However, to ensure the wireless communication function of electronic devices, antennas need to provide good radiation performance. In other words, antennas in electronic devices need to provide both good radiation performance and good isolation between antennas. This places high demands on the design of multi-antenna systems in electronic devices.

[0137] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a high-isolation antenna solution that enables the antenna to provide good radiation performance while maintaining good isolation. It should be noted that the radiation performance mentioned in this application can refer to the radiation efficiency and / or system efficiency of the corresponding antenna. Radiation efficiency can be used to identify the maximum radiation capability of the antenna system, while system efficiency is used to identify the efficiency provided by the antenna under the current environment and port matching conditions.

[0138] The following describes the implementation scenarios of the high isolation antenna solution provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0139] The antenna solution provided in this application can be applied to a user's electronic device to support its wireless communication function. For example, the electronic device can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, media player, or other portable mobile device. It can also be a wearable electronic device such as a smartwatch. This application does not impose any special limitations on the specific form of the device.

[0140] Please refer to Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device 200 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the electronic device 200 provided in this application embodiment can be arranged in the following order from top to bottom along the z-axis: screen and cover plate 201, metal housing 202, internal structure 203, and back cover 204.

[0141] The screen and cover plate 201 can be used to realize the display function of the electronic device 200. The metal housing 202 can serve as the main frame of the electronic device 200, providing rigid support for the electronic device 200. The internal structure 203 can include a collection of electronic and mechanical components that realize the various functions of the electronic device 200. For example, the internal structure 203 can include shielding covers, screws, reinforcing ribs, etc. The back cover 204 can be the rear exterior surface of the electronic device 200, and the back cover 204 can be made of glass, ceramic, plastic, etc. in different implementations.

[0142] The antenna solution provided in this application embodiment can be applied to, for example... Figure 2 The illustrated electronic device 200 is used to support its wireless communication function. In some embodiments, the antenna involved in this antenna scheme may be disposed on the metal housing 202 of the electronic device 200. In other embodiments, the antenna involved in this antenna scheme may be disposed on the rear cover 204 of the electronic device 200, etc.

[0143] As an example, taking the metal housing 202 with a metal frame architecture as an example, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the composition of a metal casing 202 is shown. In this example, the metal casing 202 can be made of a metallic material, such as an aluminum alloy. Figure 3As shown, a reference ground can be provided on the metal housing 202. This reference ground can be a large-area metal material, used to provide most of the rigid support while providing a zero-potential reference for various electronic components. In... Figure 3 In the example shown, a metal frame may also be provided around the reference ground. This metal frame can be a completely closed metal frame, or it may include a partially or completely suspended metal strip. In other implementations, the metal frame may also be as follows: Figure 3 The image shows a metal frame interrupted by one or more gaps. For example, in... Figure 3 In the example, gaps 1, 2, and 3 can be set at different locations on the metal frame. These gaps can break the metal frame, thereby obtaining independent metal stubs. In some embodiments, some or all of these metal stubs can be used as radiating stubs of an antenna, thereby achieving structural reuse in the antenna setup process and reducing the difficulty of antenna setup. When the metal stubs are used as radiating stubs of an antenna, the positions of the gaps set at one or both ends of the metal stubs can be flexibly selected according to the antenna setup.

[0144] In such Figure 3 In the examples shown, one or more metal pins may also be provided on the metal frame. In some examples, the metal pins may have screw holes for securing other structural components with screws. In other examples, the metal pins may be coupled to a feed point so that when the metal stub connected to the metal pin is used as a radiating stub of the antenna, power can be supplied to the antenna through the metal pin. In still other examples, the metal pins may also be coupled to other electronic components to achieve corresponding electrical connection functions.

[0145] This example also illustrates the arrangement of a printed circuit board (PCB) on a metal casing. The example uses a main board and subboard design. In other examples, the main board and subboard can be connected, such as in an L-shaped PCB design. In some embodiments of this application, the main board (e.g., PCB1) can house electronic components that implement the various functions of the electronic device 200, such as a processor, memory, and radio frequency modules. The subboard (e.g., PCB2) can also house electronic components, such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface and related circuitry, a speaker box, etc. Furthermore, the subboard can also house radio frequency circuitry corresponding to an antenna located at the bottom (i.e., the negative y-axis portion of the electronic device).

[0146] The antenna solutions provided in this application can all be applied to devices such as Figure 2 or Figure 3 The electronic device shown is composed of...

[0147] It should be noted that the electronic device 200 in the above example is only one possible configuration. In other embodiments of this application, the electronic device 200 may also have other logical configurations. For example, to realize the wireless communication function of the electronic device 200, the electronic device may be equipped with... Figure 4 The communication module shown may include an antenna, a radio frequency (RF) module that interacts with the antenna, and a processor that interacts with the RF module. For example, the signal interaction between the RF module and the antenna may be analog signal interaction. The signal interaction between the RF module and the processor may be analog or digital signal interaction. In some implementations, the processor may be a baseband processor.

[0148] In this example, the electronic device can have multiple antennas, such as... Figure 4 Antennas 1 to n are shown. Among these n antennas, one or more magnetohydrodynamic loop antennas and / or current loop antennas may be included.

[0149] The following is a brief explanation of the magnetohydrodynamic loop antenna and the current loop antenna, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0150] For example, the current loop antenna involved in the solution provided in the embodiments of this application can, through its constituent features, enable the antenna to have the following characteristics during operation: Figure 5 The current and magnetic field distributions are shown. In the embodiments of this application, it has the following characteristics: Figure 5 The radiation characteristics of the current distribution and / or magnetic field distribution shown can also be called the current loop radiation characteristics.

[0151] like Figure 5 As shown, when the antenna radiates, a current in the same direction is formed on the radiating stub. The current direction on the radiating stub of the current loop antenna is opposite to the current direction of the ground plane (which serves as the reference ground, such as when the ground plane is close to the edge of the current loop antenna). This forms a current loop composed of the radiating stub and the ground plane. This current loop creates a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the paper and outwards between the antenna radiating stub and the reference ground. By connecting a capacitor in parallel to ground at the end of the radiating stub, a uniform magnetic field distribution is formed, thereby achieving radiation with the characteristics of a current loop antenna. Radio frequency energy is coupled to the reference ground plane of the electronic device through the magnetic field. In some embodiments, the above-mentioned current loop radiation characteristics can be obtained by setting series and / or parallel capacitors on the radiating stub. For example, combined with... Figure 5Capacitors, etc., can be installed at position 1. It should be understood that, through the energy storage characteristics of capacitors, the change of current in the radiating stub can be made more gradual. Since the magnetic field corresponds to the current, the change of magnetic field in the region near the radiating stub (such as the region between the radiating stub and the reference ground) can also be made more gradual, thereby obtaining a more uniformly distributed magnetic field.

[0152] In a preferred embodiment, a dielectric material is disposed between the antenna radiating stub and the reference ground, due to the upper... Figure 5 The electromagnetic field formed between the antenna radiating stub and the reference ground in the current loop antenna shown is mainly a uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field coupling energy is lost at zero when passing through the dielectric material. That is, the dielectric material does not have any loss effect on the formed uniform magnetic field. Therefore, the current loop antenna has better radiation performance than the prior art.

[0153] Experiments have verified that this current loop antenna with a uniform magnetic field distribution can provide better radiation performance under the same spatial conditions. This includes improved radiation efficiency, system efficiency, and bandwidth.

[0154] As an example, Figure 6 Several possible implementations of current loop antennas are illustrated. It should be noted that, based on the differences in the structural composition of the current loop antenna in different implementations of this application, current loop antennas can be classified into current loop line antennas and current loop slot antennas. The current loop line antenna can include current loop monopole antennas, current loop dipole antennas, etc. The current loop slot antenna can include current loop left-handed antennas, current loop slot antennas, etc.

[0155] A first capacitor connected in parallel can be placed on the current loop antenna, thereby achieving... Figure 5 The working mechanism is shown. In some implementations, one or more capacitors can be connected in series with the radiator of the current loop antenna to improve its radiation performance.

[0156] Corresponding to the current loop antenna, a second capacitor can be connected in series on the current loop slot antenna, thereby achieving... Figure 5 The working mechanism is shown. In some implementations, more capacitors can be connected in series with the radiator of the current loop antenna to improve its radiation performance.

[0157] As can be seen, both the current loop slot antenna and the current loop antenna have a capacitor grounded at at least one end of the radiator of the current loop antenna. In the embodiments of this application, the size of the capacitor grounded at the end can be different when the current loop antenna operates in different frequency bands.

[0158] For example, when the current loop antenna operates in the low-band (LB) frequency range, the values ​​of capacitors C1 and C2 at the ends of the radiating stubs can be within the range of [1.5pF, 15pF]. When the current loop antenna operates in the mid-band (MB) frequency range, the values ​​of capacitors C1 and C2 at the ends of the radiating stubs can be within the range of [0.5pF, 15pF]. When the current loop antenna operates in the high-band (HB) frequency range, the values ​​of capacitors C1 and C2 at the ends of the radiating stubs can be within the range of [1.2pF, 12pF].

[0159] In the embodiments of this application, the operating frequency band covered by the antenna pair may include low frequency, mid frequency, and / or high frequency. In some embodiments, the low frequency may include a frequency range of 450MHz-1GHz. The mid frequency may include a frequency range of 1GHz-3GHz. The high frequency may include a frequency range of 3GHz-10GHz. It is understood that in different embodiments, the low, mid, and high frequency bands may include, but are not limited to, the operating frequency bands required by Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, SUB-6G communication technology, and other future communication technologies. In some implementations, the LB, MB, and HB may include common frequency bands such as 5G NR, WiFi 6E, and UWB.

[0160] The following examples illustrate the different components of a current loop antenna.

[0161] Figure 6 Figure (a) shows a schematic of a current-loop monopole antenna. This current-loop monopole antenna may include a radiator B1, the length of which, when the antenna operates in its fundamental mode (e.g., quarter-wavelength mode), can correspond to one-quarter of the antenna's operating wavelength. For example, the length of B1 can be less than one-quarter of the operating wavelength. One end of B1 is electrically connected to a feed point, and the other end of B1 is connected to a capacitor (e.g., capacitor C). M1 It is grounded, thus forming a current loop monopole antenna.

[0162] Figure 6 Figure (b) shows a schematic of a current-loop dipole antenna. This current-loop dipole antenna may include radiators B2 and B3. B2 and B3 can be connected via a feed point, and the end of B2 furthest from B3 can be connected via a capacitor C. D1 Grounded, the end of B3 furthest from B2 can be connected to capacitor C. D2 Grounding. When the current loop dipole antenna operates in the fundamental mode (e.g., quarter-wavelength mode), the lengths of radiators B2 and B3 can each correspond to 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength. In other words, the length of the radiating stubs (e.g., B2 plus B3) of the current loop dipole antenna corresponds to 1 / 2 of the operating wavelength. For example, the length of B2 can be less than 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength. Similarly, the length of B3 can be less than 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength. That is, the length of the radiating stubs (e.g., B2 plus B3) of the current loop dipole antenna can be less than 1 / 2 of the operating wavelength. In some embodiments, the sum of the lengths of B2 and B3 can be greater than 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength but less than 1 / 2 of the operating wavelength.

[0163] Figure 6 Figure (c) shows a schematic of a current loop left-handed antenna. This current loop left-handed antenna may include a radiator B4. A capacitor C may be connected in series with B4. C1 One end of B4 can be grounded, and the other end can be connected to a left-handed feed. In this example, the left-handed feed can include a feed point and a left-handed capacitor connected in series with the feed point. This left-handed capacitor can be used to excite the generation of a left-handed mode on B4. The structure and working mechanism of the left-handed antenna can be found in CN201380008276.8 and CN201410109571.9, and will not be elaborated here.

[0164] Figure 6 Figure (d) shows a schematic of a current loop slot antenna. This current loop slot antenna may include radiators B5 and B6. Radiators B5 and B6 are connected via a feed point. The end of B5 furthest from B6, and the end of B6 furthest from B5, can be grounded respectively. Thus, B5, B6, and a reference ground form a slot for radiation. In this example, a capacitor C may be connected in series with B5. S1 A capacitor C can be connected in series with B6. S2 .

[0165] In such Figure 6 The examples shown all illustrate feeding via direct feeding. In other implementations of this application, the aforementioned current loop antenna can also be excited via coupled feeding. For example, Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a coupled-fed current-loop monopole antenna is shown.

[0166] like Figure 7As shown, the current loop monopole antenna may include a radiating stub and a feed stub. The radiating stub may include a radiator B12, with capacitor C connected to both ends of B12. CM1 and C CM2 Grounding. A feed stub can be used for coupled feeding. This feed stub may include a first feed section CB12 and a second feed section CB13, connected to CB12 via a feed point. The other ends of both CB12 and CB13 are grounded. This feed stub can be positioned between the radiating stub and the reference ground. Thus, the feed stubs CB12 and CB13 excite the radiating stub to radiate with current loop radiation characteristics.

[0167] It should be understood that other current loop antennas can also be excited by coupled feeding. The structure of the feed stub can also be varied. For details, please refer to the following patent applications: Application No. 202110961752.4, Application No. 202110963510.9, Application No. 202110961755.8, and Application No. 202110962491.8. Further details will not be elaborated here.

[0168] The above Figure 5 , Figure 6 as well as Figure 7 An exemplary description of a current loop antenna is provided below, in conjunction with... Figure 8 as well as Figure 9 A brief explanation of the magnetic flux loop antenna.

[0169] For example, in combination Figure 8 This provides a schematic diagram of a magnetic flux loop antenna. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the magnetic flux loop antenna may include at least one radiating stub. This radiating stub can be used to radiate with the radiation characteristics of a magnetic flux loop antenna. Specifically, the radiation characteristics of the magnetic flux loop antenna described in this embodiment may include: generating a uniform electric field distribution between the radiating stub and a reference ground. For example, as... Figure 8 As shown, a uniform downward electric field can be distributed between the antenna radiating stub and the reference ground. Of course, in other scenarios, due to the continuous changes in the feed signal, this electric field can also be uniformly distributed upwards.

[0170] As one possible implementation, the magnetic flux loop antenna provided in this application embodiment can be based on an existing electric field type antenna. Inductors are connected in series and / or in parallel on the radiating stub, allowing locations with higher potential on the radiator to return to ground nearby via the inductors, thereby lowering that potential and consequently reducing the electric field near the high potential. Correspondingly, by utilizing the inductor's energy storage characteristics, a time difference exists between the electric field change and the current change in the lower electric field region. Thus, when the current increases according to the current provided by the feed point, the electric field in the previously low electric field region can rapidly increase, while the electric field in the previously high electric field region remains high for a subsequent period. This results in a uniformly distributed electric field near the radiating stub.

[0171] It should be understood that, given a uniformly distributed electric field, a closed magnetic flux loop can form in the space near the radiating stub. That is, the radiation characteristics of the magnetic flux loop antenna involved in this embodiment can also include the generation of a closed magnetic flux loop distribution near the radiating stub. For example, as... Figure 8 As shown, a closed magnetic flux loop can be formed in a counterclockwise direction near the antenna radiating stub. Similar to the description of the electric field distribution above, in other scenarios, since the feed signal is constantly changing, the magnetic flux loop can also be a clockwise closed distribution.

[0172] Based on the above description of the characteristics of the magnetic flux loop antenna provided in the embodiments of this application during operation (such as the radiation characteristics of a magnetic flux loop antenna), since the magnetic flux loop antenna provided in the embodiments of this application can generate a uniform electric field (or a closed magnetic flux loop) for radiation during operation, in conjunction with the foregoing description, the magnetic flux loop antenna can provide better radiation performance than a typical electric field antenna with a non-uniform electric field.

[0173] In a preferred embodiment, a magnetic dielectric material is disposed between the antenna radiating stub and the reference ground, due to the upper... Figure 8 The electromagnetic field formed between the antenna radiating stub and the reference ground in the magnetic flux loop antenna shown is mainly a uniform electric field. Radio frequency energy is coupled to the ground plane where the electronic device reference ground is located through the electric field. The energy coupled by the electric field has zero loss when passing through the magnetic medium material. That is, the magnetic medium material does not have the effect of loss on the formed uniform electric field. Therefore, the magnetic flux loop antenna has better radiation performance than the existing electric field type antenna with non-uniform electric field.

[0174] It should be noted that, in different implementations of this application, based on the differences in the composition and structure of the magnetic flux loop antenna, the magnetic flux loop antenna can be divided into magnetic flux loop linear antennas and magnetic flux loop slot antennas. Magnetic flux loop linear antennas may include magnetic flux loop monopole antennas, magnetic flux loop dipole antennas, etc. Magnetic flux loop slot antennas may include magnetic flux loop left-handed antennas, magnetic flux loop slot antennas, etc.

[0175] A first inductor connected in parallel can be placed on the magnetic flux loop antenna, thereby achieving... Figure 8 The working mechanism is shown. In some implementations, one or more inductors can be connected in series with the radiator of the magnetic flux loop antenna to improve its radiation performance.

[0176] Corresponding to the magnetic flux loop antenna, a second inductor can be connected in series on the magnetic flux loop slot antenna, thereby achieving... Figure 8 The working mechanism is shown. In some implementations, more inductors can be connected in series with the radiator of the magnetic flux loop antenna to improve its radiation performance.

[0177] As can be seen, both the magnetic flux loop slot antenna and the magnetic flux loop wire antenna have an inductor grounded at at least one end of the radiator of the magnetic flux loop antenna. In the embodiments of this application, the size of the inductor grounded at the end can be different when the magnetic flux loop antenna operates in different frequency bands.

[0178] For example, when the magnetic flux loop antenna operates at LB, the inductance value can be in the range of 5nH to 47nH. When the magnetic flux loop antenna operates at MB, the inductance value can be in the range of 1nH to 33nH. When the magnetic flux loop antenna operates at HB, the inductance value can be in the range of 0.5nH to 10nH.

[0179] Figure 9 Schematic diagrams of several possible magnetic flux loop antennas are shown.

[0180] Figure 9 Image (a) shows a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna. This magnetic flux loop monopole antenna may include a radiator B1, one end of which can be connected to an inductor L. M1 One end of B1 is grounded, and the other end can be connected to the feed point. When the antenna is operating in fundamental mode, the length of B1 can be related to 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength. For example, the length of B1 can be less than 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength.

[0181] Figure 9 Figure (b) shows a magnetic flux loop dipole antenna. This magnetic flux loop dipole antenna may include radiators B2 and B3. B2 may be connected to B3 via a feed point. The end of B2 furthest from B3 may be connected via an inductor L. D1 Grounded, the end of B3 furthest from B2 can be connected through inductor L. D2Grounding. In some embodiments, the arrangement of B2 and B3 can be symmetrical about the feed point. When the antenna operates in fundamental mode, the length of B2 (or B3) can be related to 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength. For example, the length of B2 can be less than 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength. Similarly, the length of B3 can be less than 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength. Furthermore, the length of the radiating stub of the antenna formed by B2 and B3 can be less than 1 / 2 of the operating wavelength and greater than 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength.

[0182] Figure 9 (c) shows a magnetic flux loop left-handed antenna. This magnetic flux loop left-handed antenna may include a radiator B4. One end of B4 may be grounded, and the other end may be connected to a left-handed feed. The form of this left-handed feed can be referenced as shown in [reference needed]. Figure 6 The left-hand power supply is shown. An inductor L can be connected in series with B4. C1 .

[0183] Figure 9 Figure (d) illustrates a magnetic flux loop slot antenna. This magnetic flux loop slot antenna may include radiators B5 and B6. B5 and B6 can be connected via a feed point. The end of B5 furthest from B6 can be grounded, and the end of B6 furthest from B5 can be grounded. In this way, B5 and B6, together with a reference ground, can form a slot for radiation. In this example, an inductor L can be connected in series with B5. S1 An inductor L can be connected in series on B6. S2 .

[0184] exist Figure 9 In the example provided, excitation is illustrated using a direct feed method. However, in other embodiments of this application, the magnetic flux loop antenna can also be excited via a coupled feed method. For example, Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a coupled-fed magnetic flux loop monopole antenna is shown. Figure 10 As shown, both ends of the radiator B11 of this antenna can be connected through an inductor (such as L). CM1 and L CM2 Grounding. A feed stub CB11 can be provided between the radiating stub and the reference ground. Both ends of the CB11 can be suspended. The CB11 can be connected to a feed point, for example, the feed point can be located at the center of the CB11. This allows the magnetic flux loop antenna to be excited, causing the B11 to radiate with magnetic flux loop radiation characteristics. It should be understood that other magnetic flux loop antennas can also be excited by coupling feed. The structure of the feed stub can also be varied. For details, please refer to the following patent applications: Application No. 202111034604.4, Application No. 202111034603.X, Application No. 202111034611.4, and Application No. 202111033384.3. Further details are omitted here.

[0185] In the high-isolation antenna scheme provided in this application embodiment, an antenna pair can be formed using the current loop antenna and / or magnetic flux loop antenna provided in the above example, and / or existing antennas, in an antenna system including multiple antennas. This antenna pair can have high isolation. Simultaneously, due to the good radiation performance provided by the current loop antenna / magnetic flux loop antenna, the radiation performance of the antenna system including this antenna pair can be guaranteed while maintaining high isolation.

[0186] In the embodiments of this application, the relative positional relationship of two or more antennas can include series, parallel, opposite, and orthogonal positional relationships. Taking two antennas as an example, a series arrangement can include two or more antennas being arranged on the same side of the electronic device, with the projections of each antenna on that side not overlapping. A parallel arrangement can include two or more antennas being arranged on the same side of the electronic device, and the projections of the two parallel antennas on the arranged side at least partially overlap. In some embodiments, the radiating planes of the two parallel antennas are orthogonal. An opposite arrangement can include two antennas being arranged on two opposite sides of the electronic device. An orthogonal arrangement can include two antennas being arranged on two adjacent sides of the electronic device.

[0187] It should be understood that, based on the distinction between common-mode and differential-mode, existing antennas can include at least common-mode (CM) antennas and differential-mode (DM) antennas. Depending on their implementation, CM and DM antennas can be further subdivided into CM wire antennas, CM slot antennas, and DM wire and DM slot antennas. In some embodiments, the CM slot can be excited by antisymmetric feeding. Correspondingly, the DM slot can be excited by symmetrical feeding.

[0188] In this embodiment, a high-isolation antenna pair comprising two antennas is used as an example. At least one of these antennas may be a current loop antenna or a magnetic flux loop antenna. The other antenna in the high-isolation antenna pair may be a current loop antenna, a magnetic flux loop antenna, a CM antenna, or a DM antenna. Table 1 below illustrates the radiation combination effect of the two antennas in the antenna pair when different antenna configurations are arranged in parallel. For ease of explanation, an example is taken where two antennas are arranged in parallel at the center of one side of an electronic device.

[0189] Table 1

[0190] Antenna pair CM line antenna DM line antenna CM slot antenna DM slot antenna Magnetic flow loop antenna Current loop antenna Current loop antenna High isolation Strong coupling Strong coupling High isolation High isolation Strong coupling Magnetic flow loop antenna Strong coupling High isolation High isolation Strong coupling Strong coupling High isolation

[0191] As shown in Table 1, a current loop antenna and any of the following antennas can achieve a high isolation effect: a magnetic flux loop antenna, a CM wire antenna, and a DM slot antenna.

[0192] A magnetohydrodynamic loop antenna and any of the following antennas can achieve a high isolation effect: current loop antenna, DM line antenna, CM slot antenna.

[0193] The aforementioned current loop antenna or magneto-current loop antenna achieves high isolation from other antennas by exciting orthogonal (or nearly orthogonal) currents on the ground, thereby forming an orthogonal spatial field distribution. In specific implementations, the aforementioned antenna pairs with high isolation characteristics can achieve this effect by being arranged in series, parallel, or in opposite positions.

[0194] Furthermore, Table 1 shows possible compositions of strongly coupled antenna pairs that differ from those with high isolation. It should be noted that in an antenna pair with high isolation, the two antennas can respectively excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane during operation. Therefore, high isolation can be achieved by connecting them in series, parallel, or in relatively equal positions. Conversely, in a strongly coupled antenna pair, the two antennas can excite parallel or nearly parallel currents on the ground plane during operation. Therefore, high isolation characteristics of the strongly coupled antenna pair can be achieved by orthogonally aligning them. Strong coupling can occur when two radiating systems (such as two antennas) operate simultaneously, resulting in significant mutual influence, such as positive or negative superposition. For example, when two antennas operate simultaneously, the directions of the ground currents they excite are the same or nearly the same, thus corresponding to a strong coupling relationship.

[0195] As shown in Table 1, antenna combinations with strong coupling characteristics under parallel positional relationships can include:

[0196] Antenna combinations consisting of a current loop antenna and any of the following antenna types: current loop antenna, DM line antenna, CM slot antenna.

[0197] Antenna combinations consisting of a magnetic flux loop antenna and any of the following antenna types: magnetic flux loop antenna, CM wire antenna, DM slot antenna.

[0198] It should be understood that, in the case of series and relative positioning, the excitation ground current of each antenna is similar to that in parallel. Therefore, in the case of series or relative positioning, it is also possible to obtain the high isolation or strong coupling characteristics corresponding to the above-mentioned parallel positioning relationship.

[0199] The following section provides illustrative examples of series, parallel, relative, and orthogonal position settings, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0200] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11The diagram shows a series configuration of two antennas (e.g., antenna A1 and antenna A2) in an antenna pair. In this series configuration, antenna A1 and antenna A2 can be located on the same side of the electronic device. Furthermore, antennas A1 and A2 in a series configuration can be located at different positions on the same side. That is, the projections of antennas A1 and A2 onto the perpendicular line towards the center of the electronic device do not overlap. Figure 11 Antennas A1 and A2 can be distributed on the top edge of the electronic device, and they are arranged on the same approximately straight line, similar to being strung one after the other on the same line. Therefore, this similar distribution of antennas A1 and A2 is referred to as a series distribution in this invention. In this way, antennas A1 and A2 are located at different X-axis positions on the top edge. In other examples, the series-distributed antennas A1 and A2 can also be located together on the side edge of the electronic device. In this way, antennas A1 and A2 are located at different Y-axis positions on the side edge. Alternatively, the series-distributed antennas A1 and A2 can also be located together on the bottom edge of the electronic device. In this way, antennas A1 and A2 are located at different X-axis positions on the bottom edge.

[0201] In other embodiments, such as Figure 12 The diagram shows a parallel arrangement of two antennas (e.g., antenna B1 and antenna B2) in an antenna pair. Antenna B1 and antenna B2 can be located on the same side of the electronic device, such as the top edge. Furthermore, the projected portions of antenna B1 and antenna B2 on this same side, such as the top edge, may completely overlap. Therefore, this arrangement of antenna B1 and antenna B2 is referred to as a parallel arrangement in this invention. Figure 12 Antennas B1 and B2 can be connected in parallel on the top edge of the electronic device. Antennas B1 and B2 may partially or completely overlap in their projections onto the direction perpendicular to the center of the electronic device (i.e., the negative Y-axis direction). In other examples, the parallel-connected antennas B1 and B2 may also be located together on the side of the electronic device. Antennas B1 and B2 may partially or completely overlap in their projections onto the direction perpendicular to the center of the electronic device (i.e., the positive or negative X-axis direction). In other examples, the parallel-connected antennas B1 and B2 may also be located together on the bottom edge of the electronic device. Antennas B1 and B2 may partially or completely overlap in their projections onto the direction perpendicular to the center of the electronic device (i.e., the positive Y-axis direction).

[0202] In other embodiments, such as Figure 13AThe diagram illustrates the relative distribution of two antennas (e.g., antenna C1 and antenna C2) in an antenna pair. Antenna C1 and antenna C2 are located on two opposite sides of the electronic device, and this distribution is referred to in this invention as a relative distribution. In some implementations, the projections of antenna C1 and antenna C2 along either of the two opposite sides at least partially overlap. In the preferred embodiment, the projections of antenna C1 and antenna C2 along either of the two opposite sides completely overlap; that is, antenna C1 and antenna C2 are completely oppositely positioned on the two opposite sides of the electronic device. Figure 13A In one example, antennas C1 and C2 may be relatively distributed on the left and right sides of the electronic device. Antennas C1 and C2 may at least partially overlap in their projections along the X-axis. In other examples, the relatively distributed antennas C1 and C2 may also be located on the top or bottom edge of the electronic device, respectively. Antennas C1 and C2 may at least partially overlap in their projections along the Y-axis.

[0203] In other embodiments, such as Figure 13B The diagram shows the orthogonal distribution of two antennas (e.g., antenna D1 and antenna D2) in an antenna pair. Antenna D1 and antenna D2 are located on two adjacent sides of the electronic device. This distribution of antennas D1 and D2 is referred to as an orthogonal distribution in this invention. (Combined with...) Figure 13B Antenna D1 can be located at the top edge of the electronic device, and the corresponding antenna D2 can be located at the side edge of the electronic device. In other examples, antenna D1 can be located at the side edge of the electronic device, and the corresponding antenna D2 can be located at the top or bottom edge of the electronic device. In still other embodiments, antenna D1 can be located at the bottom edge of the electronic device, and the corresponding antenna D2 can be located at the side edge of the electronic device.

[0204] It is understandable that the above Figures 11-13B The relative positional relationship can also be described as the difference between parallelism and orthogonality. For example, Figure 11 The cascaded distribution shown, Figure 12 The parallel distribution shown, Figure 13A The relative distribution shown indicates that the edges of the electronic devices containing the two antennas are the same edge or two parallel edges. Therefore, in the embodiments of this application, series distribution, parallel distribution, and relative distribution can also be referred to as parallel distribution. Correspondingly, as... Figure 13B As shown in the orthogonal distribution, the two adjacent sides of the electronic devices where the two antennas are located can be non-parallel, such as perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to each other.

[0205] Based on the aforementioned description of combining different types of antennas to achieve high isolation characteristics, in some embodiments, current loop antennas and magnetic flux loop antennas, or CM line antennas, or DM slot antennas; magnetic flux loop antennas and current loop antennas, or DM line antennas, or CM slot antennas can achieve high isolation characteristics through parallel distribution. Correspondingly, current loop antennas and current loop antennas, or CM slot antennas, or DM line antennas; magnetic flux loop antennas and magnetic flux loop antennas, or DM slot antennas, or CM line antennas can achieve high isolation characteristics through orthogonal distribution.

[0206] Furthermore, the above examples all illustrate the acquisition of high isolation characteristics using a pair of high-isolation antennas with two antennas. This application also provides the acquisition of high isolation characteristics and the working mechanism of a high-isolation antenna group with three or more antennas. Specific implementations will be detailed in subsequent descriptions.

[0207] For example, Figure 13C Several different CM and DM antennas are illustrated. In this example, based on their radiation characteristics, CM / DM antennas can be classified into wire antennas and slot antennas.

[0208] like Figure 13C As shown in (a), the CM line antenna may include radiators BCM1 and BCM2. Feed ports may be provided at the opposite ends of BCM1 and BCM2. For example, taking BCM1 as being located to the left of BCM2, port a1 may be provided at the right end of the radiator BCM1, and port a2 may be provided at the left end of BCM2. The ends of BCM1 and BCM2 furthest from ports a1 and a2 are respectively suspended. When the CM line antenna is working, symmetrical feed signals (i.e., signals of equal amplitude and phase) can be fed to ports a1 and a2 to achieve feeding of the CM line antenna. It should be noted that, as... Figure 13C (a) in the diagram is merely an example of a CM line antenna; the structural composition of the CM line antenna can differ in other implementations. For instance, BCM1 and BCM2 can be connected, and a feed point can be provided at the connection point between BCM1 and BCM2 to achieve [the desired effect]. Figure 13C The structure shown in (a) has a similar radiation function.

[0209] like Figure 13CAs shown in (b), the CM slot antenna can include two radiators, such as BCM3 and BCM4. BCM3 and BCM4 are positioned opposite each other at one end, and each end can have a port. For example, port b1 can be located at the end of BCM3 closest to BCM4, and port b2 can be located at the end of BCM4 closest to BCM3. When the CM slot antenna is operating, anti-symmetric feed signals (i.e., equal amplitude, anti-phase signals) can be fed to ports b1 and b2 respectively to power the CM slot antenna. The end of BCM4 furthest from BCM3 is grounded, and correspondingly, the end of BCM3 furthest from BCM4 is grounded. It should be noted that, as... Figure 13C (b) in the example is only one type of CM slot antenna; the structural composition of the CM slot antenna can be different in other implementations. For example, the two ends of BCM3 and BCM4, which are positioned opposite each other, are connected to the positive and negative poles of the feed point, respectively, thereby achieving the feeding of antisymmetric feed signals.

[0210] like Figure 13C As shown in (c), the DM line antenna can include two radiators, BDM1 and BDM2. The end of BDM1 furthest from BDM2 is suspended. Correspondingly, the end of BDM2 furthest from BDM1 is suspended. Similar to the aforementioned CM line antenna, ports can be set at the ends of BDM1 and BDM2 that are close to each other. For example, port c1 can be set at the end of BDM1 close to BDM2, and port c2 can be set at the end of BDM2 close to BDM1. Unlike the symmetrical feed signal fed into the CM line antenna, when this DM line antenna is working, anti-symmetrical feed signals can be fed into ports c1 and c2 respectively. This achieves feeding of the DM line antenna. It should be understood that, as... Figure 13C (c) in the diagram is only one example of a DM line antenna; the structural composition of the DM line antenna can be different in other implementations. For example, antisymmetric feed signals to BDM1 and BDM2 can be achieved by connecting the opposite ends of BDM1 and BDM2 to the positive and negative terminals of the feed point, respectively.

[0211] like Figure 13C As shown in (d), a DM slot antenna can include two radiators, such as BDM3 and BDM4. BDM3 and BDM4 are positioned opposite each other at one end, and their ends, which are far apart, are grounded. The opposite ends can each have a port. For example, port d1 can be located at the end of BDM3 near BDM4, and port d2 can be located at the end of BDM4 near BDM3. When the DM slot antenna is operating, symmetrical feed signals can be fed into ports d1 and d2 respectively to excite the DM slot antenna. It should be understood that, as... Figure 13C(d) in the example is only one type of DM slot antenna. In other implementations, the structure of the DM slot antenna can be different. For example, BDM3 and BDM4 can be interconnected, and a feed point can be set at the connection point to symmetrically feed the DM slot antenna.

[0212] It should be noted that in the high isolation antenna scheme provided in the embodiments of this application, since at least one current loop antenna or magnetic flux loop antenna is used, it can provide better radiation performance.

[0213] Whether it is a high-isolation antenna pair consisting of two antennas or a high-isolation antenna group consisting of more antennas, the high isolation characteristics are mostly generated by achieving orthogonality of the current excited to the ground.

[0214] For example, in combination Figure 14 In some embodiments, a high-isolation antenna pair is used as an example. One antenna (e.g., antenna 1) can excite a transverse current on the ground plane, and the other antenna (e.g., antenna 2) can excite a longitudinal current on the ground plane. Since the transverse and longitudinal currents on the ground plane are orthogonal, the corresponding spatial field distributions also have orthogonal characteristics. Therefore, when antenna 1 and antenna 2 operate simultaneously, even if some or all frequency bands overlap, the mutual interference between the orthogonal spatial electromagnetic fields generated by the excitation ground plane during radiation is small, thus effectively ensuring isolation. It should be noted that in some implementations of this application, the currents excited by antenna 1 and antenna 2 may not be transverse or longitudinal. For example, the current excited by antenna 1 may point downward to the right, and the current excited by antenna 2 may point downward to the left. In this way, the two currents can also have an orthogonal relationship, thereby enabling the two antennas to have high isolation characteristics.

[0215] For a high-isolation antenna array, which may include at least two antennas forming a distributed antenna structure, this distributed antenna structure can excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane separately from at least one other antenna, with an effect similar to... Figure 14 The current distribution shown is used to obtain an orthogonal spatial field structure, thereby achieving high isolation.

[0216] The solution provided in this application embodiment can provide good isolation while also providing good radiation performance for the antenna pair based on the excellent radiation performance of the current loop antenna and / or magnetic flux loop antenna.

[0217] It should be understood that during operation, the antenna can radiate more effectively by exciting the ground plane. Generally speaking, when the antenna position matches the eigenmode of the ground plane, the ground plane radiation can be excited more effectively.

[0218] In this example, antennas can be categorized into electric field antennas and magnetic field antennas based on their radiation characteristics. The current loop antenna is a type of magnetic field antenna, matching the current distribution characteristics of the intrinsic modes of the ground plane. It should be understood that when a magnetic field antenna is placed at a point where the current distribution of the intrinsic modes of the ground plane is high, it can better excite the ground current, generating a stronger current. This stronger current produces a stronger magnetic field, thus allowing the ground plane's radiation to contribute to the antenna's radiation. In other words, the better radiation from the ground plane can be considered part of the antenna's radiation, enabling the antenna to achieve better radiation performance. Specifically, placing the current loop antenna at a high current distribution location of the intrinsic modes of the ground plane in the corresponding frequency band can more effectively excite the ground plane to radiate, thereby achieving better radiation performance for the current loop antenna. Correspondingly, the magnetic flux loop antenna is a type of electric field antenna, matching the electric field distribution characteristics of the intrinsic modes of the ground plane. That is, placing the magnetic flux loop antenna at a high electric field distribution location of the intrinsic modes of the ground plane in the corresponding frequency band can more effectively excite the ground plane to radiate, thereby achieving better radiation performance for the magnetic flux loop antenna.

[0219] For example, Figure 15 The diagram illustrates the current distribution of the intrinsic modes of the ground plane at low frequencies (e.g., 0.85 GHz), mid-frequency frequencies (e.g., 1.97 GHz), and high frequencies (e.g., 2.32 GHz). It can be seen that the current distribution corresponding to the intrinsic modes of the ground plane differs at different frequencies. For example, at 0.85 GHz, a stronger current distribution is concentrated at both ends of the x-axis of the ground plane. At 1.97 GHz, a stronger current distribution converges in both the positive and negative y-axis directions, forming a distribution as shown below. Figure 15 The four regions of strong current distribution are shown. At 2.32 GHz, the stronger current distribution further converges in the positive and negative y-axis directions, forming regions such as... Figure 15 The diagram shows two areas of stronger current at the top and bottom of the floor. For magnetic field antennas, such as current loop antennas, placing the antenna in the area with the stronger floor current at the corresponding frequency allows the antenna to better excite the floor during operation, thereby achieving better radiation performance.

[0220] Figure 16 The diagram illustrates the electric field distribution of the floor eigenmodes at low frequencies (e.g., 0.85 GHz), mid frequencies (e.g., 1.97 GHz), and high frequencies (e.g., 2.32 GHz). It can be seen that the electric field distribution corresponding to the floor eigenmodes differs at different frequencies. For example, at 0.85 GHz, a stronger electric field is distributed at both ends of the floor along the y-direction. At 1.97 GHz, a stronger electric field is distributed at both ends of the floor along the y-direction and in the middle region of the floor along the y-direction. At 2.32 GHz, a stronger electric field distribution tends towards the edges, distributed in areas such as... Figure 16The four edge regions are shown. For electric field antennas, such as magnetohydrodynamic loop antennas, the antenna can be positioned in a region where the electric field of the ground is stronger at the corresponding frequency, so that the antenna can better excite the ground when it is working, thereby obtaining better radiation performance.

[0221] The following examples will illustrate the configuration scheme of the high isolation antenna pair provided in the embodiments of this application, taking into account the eigenmode matching characteristics of different antennas.

[0222] First, the parallel distribution of high-isolation antennas will be explained.

[0223] For example, Figure 17A This illustration shows an example of a series-distributed antenna pair with a certain degree of isolation, according to an embodiment of this application. In this example, the antenna pair may include antenna A1 and antenna A2. Antenna A1 and antenna A2 may include at least one current loop antenna and / or a magnetic flux loop antenna. In this example, antenna A1 is a magnetic flux loop antenna M11, and antenna A2 is a magnetic flux loop antenna M12. In some implementations, the magnetic flux loop antenna M11 and / or may be... Figure 10 The diagram shows a coupled-fed magnetic flux loop monopole antenna. For example, the magnetic flux loop antenna M11 may include a radiator B11, one end of which may have a feed point, and the other end of which may be connected via an inductor L. M1 Grounding. Similarly, the magnetic flux loop antenna M12 may include a radiator B12, one end of which may be provided with a feed point, and the other end of which may be connected to an inductor L. M2 Grounding. In some embodiments, the magnetic flux loop antennas M11 and M12 can be arranged in a mirror image configuration. For example, the feed points of the magnetic flux loop antennas M11 and M12 can be respectively located at the ends of the two antennas that are close to each other. This allows for better orthogonality of the excitation ground currents and achieves better isolation.

[0224] Combined with Figure 15 as well as Figure 16 The description of the eigenmode of the ground plane in the text states that, as an electric field type antenna, the magnetic flux loop antenna can be placed at the upper left or upper right corner of electronic devices (such as mobile phones) when operating at mid-to-high frequencies, thereby exciting the ground plane to radiate better, so that the magnetic flux loop antenna M11 can have better radiation performance.

[0225] It should be understood that, during operation, a magnetic flux loop antenna can be excited on the floor, such as... Figure 17BAs shown in (a) of the diagram, the current direction is nearly vertically downwards in the region near the antenna floor. Therefore, the magnetic flux loop antenna achieves high isolation from current loop antennas, DM line antennas, or CM slot antennas that can excite transverse currents. Further away from the antenna, the horizontal component of the current gradually increases. Therefore, two tandemly distributed magnetic flux loop antennas can also achieve good isolation. For example, refer to... Figure 17B In (b), magnetic flux loop antennas can be installed at the left and right ends of the top edge of the electronic device, respectively. The directions of the excited ground current can be current direction 1 and current direction 2, respectively. It can be seen that near the antenna, the longitudinal component of the current excited by the two antennas is greater, while at the position gradually away from the antenna (e.g., ... Figure 17B As shown in region 1), with the gradual increase of the lateral component, the angle between the current flows generated by the two antennas gradually approaches 90°. Therefore, the spatial field distribution of this current excitation in this region has a near-orthogonal characteristic. This allows the two antennas to achieve relatively good isolation in the direction corresponding to this spatial field distribution.

[0226] It should be noted that, as Figure 17B The explanations all use the example of a magnetic flux loop antenna positioned near the end of one side of an electronic device. Because the magnetic flux loop antenna is not located at the center of the side, it is unbalanced relative to the reference ground, resulting in the simultaneous presence of lateral and longitudinal components in the generated current. Relatively speaking, when the magnetic flux loop antenna is positioned at the center of the side, the longitudinal component of the ground current excited by the antenna is much larger than the lateral component, thus enabling the antenna to excite a more singular longitudinal current. It should be understood that for other antennas positioned on a side that can generate longitudinal current, similar to the magnetic flux loop antenna example, when the antenna is positioned at the center of the side, the excited ground current has a more unidirectional direction. When the antenna is positioned near the end of the side, the excited ground current includes both lateral and longitudinal currents.

[0227] The following is as follows Figure 17A Taking the composition shown as an example, the analysis of the above high isolation is verified and illustrated through current simulation.

[0228] In this example, such as Figure 18As shown, at the current moment, since the two magnetic flux loop antennas are not positioned at the center of their respective sides, the excited current includes both lateral and longitudinal components. When antenna A1 (i.e., magnetic flux loop antenna M11) is operating, it can excite a current downwards to the left of the phone's ground plane. When antenna A2 (i.e., magnetic flux loop antenna M12) is operating, it can excite a current downwards to the right of the phone's ground plane. It can be seen that although the ground currents excited by the two magnetic flux loop antennas are not completely lateral or longitudinal, they still possess a partially orthogonal characteristic. Therefore, having such... Figure 17A The antenna pair shown can obtain an orthogonal spatial field distribution by partially exciting orthogonal ground currents.

[0229] Combination Figure 19 The schematic diagram of the far-field radiation pattern shows that, at the same time, the current in the ground plane excited by antenna A1 pointing downwards to the left can generate a spatial field distribution pointing downwards to the right. Correspondingly, the current in the ground plane excited by antenna A2 pointing downwards to the right can generate a spatial field distribution pointing downwards to the left. That is, the two antennas can transmit signals through orthogonal spatial field distributions during the excitation process. Due to the orthogonality of the spatial field distributions, the two antennas can have good isolation. Furthermore, the series-connected antenna pair provided in this embodiment, due to the use of current loop antennas and / or magnetic flux loop antennas, can provide better radiation performance.

[0230] For example, refer to Figure 20 The S-parameter simulation is shown. In the current scenario, the return loss of both antennas A1 and A2 reaches -10dB, indicating good radiation performance for both antennas. The simulation also shows that S12, which indicates the isolation between the two antennas, is below -15dB, further demonstrating good isolation suitable for antenna setups in electronic devices. If the ground currents excited by the two antennas are completely orthogonal, the isolation will be further improved.

[0231] Continue to refer to Figure 21 This illustrates a comparison of the efficiency of two antennas in the current scenario. For example... Figure 21 As shown in (a), from the perspective of radiation efficiency, both antennas A1 and A2 exceed -5dB after 1.5GHz. Due to their mirrored configuration, the two antennas have comparable radiation performance, and their radiation efficiency curves essentially overlap. Furthermore, as... Figure 21 As shown in (b), from the perspective of system efficiency, the peak efficiency of antennas A1 and A2 both exceed -6dB, and their bandwidth can effectively cover at least one operating frequency band.

[0232] The above description uses an antenna pair comprising two magnetic flux loop antennas as an example. The current loop antenna and / or magnetic flux loop antenna can be coupled-fed or directly fed. In other embodiments of this application, the series-distributed antenna pair may also include other antennas capable of exciting transverse currents in the ground plane and antennas capable of exciting longitudinal currents in the ground plane.

[0233] For example, in some embodiments, the cascaded antenna pair may include a current loop antenna and either a CM line antenna or a DM slot antenna. The current loop antenna can excite a current on the ground plane parallel to the side containing the current loop antenna, while the CM line antenna or DM slot antenna can excite a current on the ground plane perpendicular (or nearly perpendicular) to the side containing the current loop antenna. This results in high isolation characteristics.

[0234] In other embodiments, the cascaded antenna pair may include a magnetic flux loop antenna and either a DM line antenna or a CM slot antenna. The magnetic flux loop antenna can excite a current on the ground plane perpendicular (or nearly perpendicular) to the side containing the magnetic flux loop antenna, while the DM line antenna or CM slot antenna can excite a current on the ground plane parallel (or nearly parallel) to the side containing the magnetic flux loop antenna. This results in high isolation characteristics.

[0235] For example, such as Figure 22A As shown in (a), other antenna pairs that achieve high isolation characteristics can be used. In electronic devices, series-distributed direct-feed current loop antennas and magnetic flux loop antennas can be configured. The ground currents excited by the current loop antenna and the magnetic flux loop antenna can also achieve partial orthogonality, thereby obtaining good isolation. For example... Figure 22A As shown in (b) in the figure, taking the CM line antenna as a monopole antenna as an example, an electronic device can be equipped with a direct-feed current loop antenna and a monopole antenna distributed in series.

[0236] Since the ground current excitation of other antenna types capable of inducing longitudinal current (such as CM line antennas) is similar to that of magnetic flux loop antennas, magnetic flux loop antennas can also achieve high isolation in a certain direction with antenna types including CM line antennas and DM slot antennas. This series-distributed high-isolation antenna type should also be within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0237] It should be noted that the examples above all illustrate high-isolation antenna pairs composed of two antennas. In other implementations of this application, more antennas can be used to achieve the same high isolation effect.

[0238] For example, a high-isolation antenna can consist of three or more antennas. Taking three antennas as an example, two of these three antennas can be considered equivalent to a distributed antenna structure. Thus, this distributed antenna structure and the remaining antennas can achieve high isolation through orthogonal currents applied to the excitation ground plane, in a series configuration. In this application, an antenna group with high isolation characteristics consisting of three or more antennas can be referred to as a high-isolation antenna group.

[0239] As an example, Figure 22B Several examples of high-isolation antenna arrays consisting of three antennas are shown. For example... Figure 22B As shown in (a) of this example, the three antennas of the high-isolation antenna group may include two magnetic flux loop antennas: a magnetic flux loop antenna M13 and a magnetic flux loop antenna M14, and a current loop antenna E12. The magnetic flux loop antennas M13 and M14 are positioned on the same side of the electronic device, or on either side. The current loop antenna E12 may be positioned between the magnetic flux loop antennas M13 and M14.

[0240] During feeding, the two magnetic flux loop antennas (such as magnetic flux loop antenna M13 and magnetic flux loop antenna M14) can be symmetrically fed (equal amplitude and in phase) to form a single-port distributed antenna structure 1. That is, the feed signals to magnetic flux loop antennas M13 and M14 are of equal amplitude and in phase. Thus, when the two magnetic flux loop antennas are operating, they constitute a distributed antenna structure 1. Under symmetrical feeding, the ground current generated by the two magnetic flux loops in this distributed antenna structure 1, such as... Figure 18 As shown, one direction is downward to the left, and the other is downward to the right. After they merge, the lateral currents cancel each other out, and the current is mainly vertically downward. The ground current generated by the current loop antenna E12 excitation is mainly lateral current. (See [reference needed]). Figure 5 Therefore, the ground current generated by the distributed antenna structure 1 and the ground current generated by the current loop antenna E12 have good orthogonality characteristics, thus enabling the distributed antenna structure 1 and the current loop antenna E12 to form a highly isolated antenna pair.

[0241] refer to Figure 22C It shows that it has the following characteristics: Figure 22B Example of the radiation pattern of the high-isolation antenna group shown in (a) above. Figure 22D It shows that it has the following characteristics: Figure 22B The diagram shows the port isolation of the high-isolation antenna array (a). Distributed antenna structure 1 can correspond to one of the two-port antennas, and current loop antenna E12 can correspond to the other. Figure 22D As shown, the isolation is excellent, with the highest point below -120dB. Therefore, it is fully demonstrated that it possesses the following properties: Figure 22BThe high isolation characteristics of the high-isolation antenna group shown in (a) are illustrated. Furthermore, since the antennas comprising this high-isolation antenna group are magnetic flux loop antennas and current loop antennas, combined with the aforementioned explanation of current loop antennas and magnetic flux loop antennas, this high-isolation antenna group also exhibits good radiation characteristics. For details, please refer to the aforementioned example; further elaboration is omitted here.

[0242] Continue to refer to Figure 22B .like Figure 22B As shown in (b) of this example, the three antennas of the high-isolation antenna group may include two current loop antennas: current loop antenna E13 and current loop antenna E14, and a magnetic flux loop antenna M15. The current loop antennas E13 and E14 are positioned on the same side of the electronic device, or on either side. The magnetic flux loop antenna M15 is positioned between the current loop antennas E13 and E14.

[0243] Similar to the above Figure 22B As explained in (a), during feeding, the two current loop antennas (such as current loop antenna E13 and current loop antenna E14) can be symmetrically fed (equal amplitude and in phase) to form a single-port distributed antenna structure 2. That is, the feed signals fed into current loop antennas E13 and E14 can be of equal amplitude and in phase. In this way, when the two current loop antennas are working, they can form a distributed antenna structure 2. This distributed antenna structure 2 can form a highly isolated antenna pair with the magnetic flux loop antenna M15 because the transverse ground current generated by the distributed antenna structure 2 formed by the two current loop antennas has good orthogonality with the longitudinal ground current generated by the magnetic flux loop antenna M15.

[0244] In combination with the above Figure 22B The description of (a) in the text, which demonstrates high isolation and good radiation characteristics, indicates that the product possesses... Figure 22B The high-isolation antenna array shown in (b) can also have good high isolation and good radiation characteristics.

[0245] As can be seen above Figures 22B-22D The example illustrates how each antenna in a high-isolation antenna group is fed symmetrically to obtain two high-isolation operating modes.

[0246] In other implementations of this application, the high-isolation antenna group may also include antennas of the same type, which may be divided into two groups based on the difference in feed.

[0247] For example, combining Figure 22EIn example (a), a high-isolation antenna array consisting of three current loop antennas is used. These three current loop antennas (E15, E16, and E17) can be connected in series and distributed along one side of the electronic device. The current loop antennas on both sides can form a distributed antenna pair 3. Current loop antennas E15 and E17 are antisymmetrically fed (equal amplitude and opposite phase), forming a single-port distributed antenna structure 3. This single-port structure 3, together with the current loop antenna E16 located in the middle, forms a dual-port antenna structure. That is, when f1 is directly fed into current loop antenna E15, a feed signal with equal amplitude and opposite phase to f1 (e.g., obtained through an inverter) can be fed into current loop antenna E17, thereby achieving antisymmetric feeding of current loop antennas E15 and E17.

[0248] In this way, the distributed antenna pair 3 and the current loop antenna E16 can respectively excite orthogonal currents on the ground, thereby obtaining high isolation characteristics.

[0249] For example, Figure 22F It shows that it has the following characteristics: Figure 22E The radiation pattern of the high-isolation antenna group shown in (a) is illustrated. It can be seen that the current loop antenna E16, located in the middle, can form a transverse spatial field distribution under the excitation of f1, while the distributed antenna pair 3, composed of the current loop antennas E15 and E17 located at both ends, can form a longitudinal spatial field distribution under the antisymmetric excitation of f2. Thus, two orthogonal spatial field distributions can be obtained, thereby achieving the high isolation characteristic.

[0250] Continue to combine Figure 22E The high-isolation antenna array includes three magnetic flux loop antennas (such as...) Figure 22E Taking (b) as an example, the magnetic flux loop antennas (such as magnetic flux loop antennas M16 and M18) are antisymmetric fed (equal amplitude and opposite phase) to form a single-port distributed antenna structure 4. This distributed antenna structure 4, together with the magnetic flux loop antenna M17 located in the middle, forms a two-port antenna structure. That is, when f3 is directly fed into the magnetic flux loop antenna M16, a feed signal with equal amplitude and opposite phase to f3 (such as obtained through an inverter) can be fed into the magnetic flux loop antenna M18, thereby achieving antisymmetric feeding of the magnetic flux loop antennas M16 and M18.

[0251] In this way, the transverse ground current distribution generated by the distributed antenna excitation 4 and the longitudinal ground current generated by the magnetic loop antenna M17 excitation form orthogonal currents, thereby obtaining high isolation characteristics.

[0252] Based on the foregoing explanation, due to Figure 22EThe two examples of high-isolation antenna arrays shown consist of current loop antennas or magnetic flux loop antennas, thus providing good radiation performance while having high isolation characteristics.

[0253] In addition, it should be noted that the above Figures 22B-22E The components of the high-isolation antenna array shown can be any different from the current loop antenna or magnetic flux loop antenna shown in the previous examples. Its feeding method can be either direct feed as shown in the previous examples or coupled feed. The achieved effect is similar to that shown in the above description, and will not be repeated here.

[0254] As can be seen from the above description, in the case of the series distribution provided in this example, at least one current loop antenna and / or magnetic flux loop antenna can be set in the antenna pair. This achieves good radiation performance and good isolation, thereby reducing the mutual influence between the antennas in the antenna pair and improving the overall radiation performance.

[0255] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates the parallel-distributed high-isolation antenna pair scheme provided in this application. Continuing with the example of an antenna pair comprising two antennas (e.g., antenna B1 and antenna B2), where antenna B1 is a magnetic flux loop antenna M21 and antenna B2 is a current loop antenna E21, in some embodiments, such as... Figure 23A As shown, the magnetic flux loop antenna M21 can be a coupled-fed magnetic flux loop antenna, and the current loop antenna E21 can be a coupled-fed current loop antenna, for example.

[0256] like Figure 23A As shown, antennas B2 and B1 can partially or completely overlap in their axial projection along the Y-axis. Antenna B1 can be, for example, as shown in the diagram. Figure 23A The magnetic flux loop antenna shown is described. This magnetic flux loop antenna M21 can have, for example... Figure 10 The structure is shown. For example, the antenna may include a radiating stub B11, with inductors grounded at both ends of B11. Figure 23A As shown, inductors L can be set at both ends of B11. CM1 and L CM2 Grounding. When fed by coupling, the magnetic flux loop antenna M21 may also include a feed stub CB11 between the radiating stub and the reference ground. It should be noted that in some other embodiments, the magnetic flux loop antenna M21 may also have other structures, as detailed in the above description of the magnetic flux loop antenna, which will not be repeated here.

[0257] In addition, antenna B2 can be as follows: Figure 23A The current loop antenna E21 is shown. This current loop antenna E21 can have the following characteristics: Figure 7The structure is shown. For example, the antenna may include a radiating stub B12, with capacitors grounded at both ends of B12. Figure 23A As shown, capacitors C can be set at both ends of B12. CM1 and C CM2 Grounding. When fed by coupling, the current loop antenna E21 may also include feed stubs CB12 and CB13 between the radiating stub and the reference ground. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the current loop antenna E21 may have other structures, as detailed in the above description of the current loop antenna, which will not be repeated here.

[0258] As one possible implementation, Figure 23B A type of having such Figure 23A The diagram shows a model view of the parallel antenna pair topology. As can be seen, in this example, the current loop antenna E21 can be positioned on top of the electronic device. The radiator of this current loop antenna E21 can be located in the zox plane. The magnetic flux loop antenna M21 can also be positioned on top of the electronic device, and its radiator can be positioned in the xoy plane parallel to the electronic device. That is, in this parallel distribution, the planes containing the radiators of the two antennas are orthogonal. It should be understood that for other parallel antenna pairs, this can also be achieved by placing the radiators in two orthogonal planes in their respective products.

[0259] This parallel-distributed antenna pair also exhibits high isolation. For example, in this case, antenna B1 can excite a longitudinal current on the floor, and antenna B2 can excite a transverse current on the floor. Combined with... Figure 24 The floor current simulation shown can verify this. For example... Figure 24 As shown, in the current scenario, the ground current excited by antenna B1 is a longitudinal current along the Y-axis. Correspondingly, the ground current excited by antenna B2 is a transverse current along the X-axis to the right. That is, the ground currents excited by antennas B1 and B2 are orthogonal, therefore, antennas B1 and B2 provided in this example have good isolation. Combined with... Figure 25 The far-field radiation pattern shown also proves the orthogonality of the operating states of the excited ground planes during the operation of antennas B1 and B2.

[0260] From the above explanation, it should be understood that the antenna pair consisting of parallel-distributed antennas B1 and B2 can have good isolation due to the orthogonality of the excitation ground plane. In this example, the antenna pair consisting of antennas B1 and B2 can include a current loop antenna and a magnetic flux loop antenna.

[0261] Due to the good radiation characteristics of current loop antennas and magnetic flux loop antennas, even in parallel distribution scenarios, the antenna pair can provide good radiation performance.

[0262] For example, in combination Figure 26 The figure shows a simulation of the S-parameters. It can be seen that the deepest point of S11 for both antennas B1 and B2 exceeds -10dB, and the worst isolation point is about -42dB, which can meet the isolation requirements of different antennas in electronic devices. Figure 27 A simulation diagram illustrating the efficiency of this parallel-distributed antenna pair is shown. Figure 27 As shown in (a), from the perspective of radiation efficiency, the peak radiation efficiency of the current loop antenna exceeds -1 dB, and the corresponding radiation efficiency of the magnetic flux loop antenna also exceeds -4 dB. Figure 27 As shown in (b), from the perspective of system efficiency, the peak system efficiency of the current loop antenna exceeds -1dB, and the corresponding system efficiency of the magnetic flux loop antenna also exceeds -4dB.

[0263] In other words, the parallel antenna pairs provided in this example offer good radiation performance (such as radiation efficiency and / or system efficiency) while maintaining good isolation.

[0264] The above explanation uses an example of a parallel-distributed antenna pair positioned at the top center of an electronic device. Combined with the aforementioned distribution of the ground plane eigenmodes, this top center position can effectively excite the radiation of the current loop antenna; therefore, if... Figure 26 and Figure 27 In the efficiency diagram shown, the current loop antenna has relatively good efficiency, while the magnetic flux loop antenna has relatively poor efficiency. Therefore, this location is suitable for scenarios where the performance requirements of the current loop antenna are relatively high.

[0265] In other implementations, the excitation of each antenna relative to the ground can be adjusted by moving the position of the antenna pair, thereby flexibly adjusting the radiation performance of each antenna. For example, combining... Figure 28 For example, consider placing a parallel pair of antennas in the upper left corner of an electronic device. Understandably, at this location, the magnetic flux loop antenna can better excite the ground-level eigenmodes, thus achieving better radiation performance.

[0266] Figure 29 To have such Figure 28 The diagram shows the far-field radiation pattern of each antenna when the antenna pair is in operation. Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of S-parameter simulation. For example... Figure 30As shown, the magnetic flux loop antenna M21 can achieve good excitation at this location, with the deepest point of S11 exceeding -20dB, a significant improvement compared to when the antenna pair is positioned at the top center. However, due to the significant performance improvement of the magnetic flux loop antenna M21, the isolation in the corresponding frequency band also deteriorates. For example, the worst point of S12 is close to -15dB. This deterioration is caused by the parallel antenna pair moving towards the corner of the electronic device, resulting in a slanted component (lateral component) in the ground current excited by the magnetic flux loop antenna M21, thus affecting orthogonality and consequently, isolation. However, even with this deterioration, the isolation is still close to -15dB, making this solution applicable to electronic devices. Furthermore, due to the improved performance of the magnetic flux loop antenna M21, it provides better radiation performance for scenarios where isolation requirements are not very stringent.

[0267] Combination Figure 31 The efficiency simulation diagram shown illustrates that, as can be seen, Figure 31 As shown in (a), the radiation efficiency of the magnetic flux loop antenna M21 is as follows: Figure 27 The efficiency has improved significantly, from approximately -4dB to approximately -2dB. Correspondingly, the radiation efficiency of the current loop antenna E21 remains around -1dB peak. Figure 31 As shown in (b), the system efficiency of the magnetic flux loop antenna M21 is improved to about -2dB, while the peak system efficiency of the current loop antenna E21 exceeds -2dB.

[0268] Therefore, through the above simulation verification, by moving the parallel distributed antenna pairs to the upper left corner of the electronic device, the radiation performance of the magnetohydrodynamic loop antenna M21 can be significantly improved, while ensuring that the radiation performance of the current loop antenna E21 is not greatly affected.

[0269] The above description of parallel-distributed high-isolation antenna pairs uses an example of an antenna pair including a coupled-fed current loop antenna and a coupled-fed magnetic flux loop antenna. In other embodiments of this application, the antenna pair may also include a direct-fed current loop antenna and / or a direct-fed magnetic flux loop antenna. In other embodiments of this application, the antenna pair may also include other existing antennas, such as the CM antenna and / or DM antenna mentioned in the above examples.

[0270] For example, Figure 32 A schematic diagram of a parallel-distributed antenna pair is shown. In this example, the antenna pair may include, for example... Figure 7 The coupled-fed current loop antenna E21 (e.g., antenna B2) and the CM line antenna (e.g., antenna B1) are shown. Antennas B1 and B2 can be connected in parallel along the top edge of the electronic device. That is, antennas B1 and B2 overlap at least partially or completely when projected in the Y-axis direction.

[0271] In having such Figure 32 When the antenna pair shown is in operation, as... Figure 33 As shown, antenna B1 (i.e., the CM line antenna) can excite longitudinal current on the ground plane, and correspondingly, antenna B2 (i.e., the current loop antenna E21) can excite transverse current on the ground plane. In other words, antennas B1 and B2 can excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane. Figure 34 The far-field radiation pattern of each antenna in this example is shown.

[0272] The following explanation uses S-parameters and efficiency simulations. Figure 35 As shown, with antennas B1 and B2 operating at essentially the same frequency band, S11 also essentially overlaps around 1.6 GHz. The deepest points of the curves both exceed -10 dB. The isolation indicated by S12 remains below -40 dB across the entire operating frequency range, thus exhibiting good isolation. Figure 36 As shown in (a), the current loop antenna E21 significantly offers better radiation performance in terms of radiation efficiency. Meanwhile, the existing CM line antenna can also provide a radiation efficiency higher than -6dB. Therefore, the radiation capabilities provided by both antennas can be used to meet the bandwidth coverage requirements in practical operations. Figure 36 As shown in (b), from the perspective of system efficiency, under the current environmental matching, the peak efficiency of the current loop antenna E21 (i.e., antenna B2) has exceeded -1dB, and correspondingly, the peak efficiency of the existing CM antenna has also exceeded -6dB.

[0273] This proves that it has the following properties. Figure 32 The parallel antenna pair shown, consisting of a current loop antenna E21 and an existing antenna (such as a CM line antenna), provides good radiation performance while maintaining good isolation.

[0274] The following examples illustrate antenna pairs, including current loop / magnetic flow loop antennas and existing antennas, in parallel distribution scenarios.

[0275] refer to Figure 37 In this example, antenna B1 can be a current loop antenna E21. For example, the current loop antenna E21 can have the following characteristics: Figure 7 The components are shown. Antenna B2 can be a DM slot antenna. Similarly, antenna B2 (i.e., the DM slot antenna) can excite longitudinal current on the ground plane, and correspondingly, antenna B1 (i.e., the current loop antenna E21) can excite transverse current on the ground plane. That is to say, antennas B1 and B2 can excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane, and the two have a high degree of isolation.

[0276] In having such Figure 37When the antenna pair shown is in operation, Figure 38 The far-field radiation pattern of each antenna in this example is shown.

[0277] The following explanation uses S-parameters and efficiency simulations. Figure 39 As shown, with the operating frequency bands of antennas B1 and B2 essentially overlapping, S11 also essentially overlaps around 1.6 GHz. The isolation indicated by S12 remains below -60 dB across the entire operating frequency range, thus exhibiting good isolation. Figure 40 As shown in (a), the current loop antenna E21 significantly offers better radiation performance in terms of radiation efficiency. Meanwhile, the existing DM slot antenna can also provide a radiation efficiency higher than -7dB. Therefore, the radiation capabilities provided by both antennas can be used to meet the bandwidth coverage requirements in practical operations. Figure 40 As shown in (b), from the perspective of system efficiency, under the current environmental matching, the peak efficiency of the current loop antenna E21 (i.e., antenna B1) has exceeded -4dB, and the peak efficiency of the existing DM slot antenna has also exceeded -8dB.

[0278] This proves that it has the following properties. Figure 37 The parallel antenna pair shown, consisting of a current loop antenna E21 and an existing antenna (such as a DM slot antenna), provides good radiation performance while maintaining good isolation.

[0279] It is understandable that a high-isolation antenna pair, formed with existing antennas, can also include a current loop antenna, forming an antenna pair with a CM line antenna or a DM slot antenna. For example, Figure 41 As shown, current loop antennas and monopole antennas can be configured into high-isolation antenna pairs through parallel distribution. The ground currents they can excite are similar in orthogonality to those in the series distribution described above, thus also possessing high isolation characteristics. Furthermore, magnetic flux loop antennas, antenna pairs composed of DM line antennas or CM slot antennas, can also generate orthogonal ground currents in some directions through series or parallel distribution, providing good isolation. Combined with... Figure 32 The high-isolation antenna pair shown consists of a CM line antenna and a current loop antenna. Figure 41 The antenna pair shown can also be understood as... Figure 32 The miniaturized design of the high-isolation antenna pair shown, for example, in the case of... Figure 41 After the antenna pair with the structure shown is mirrored and flipped left and right, it is similar to... Figure 41 By splicing together the antenna combinations shown, near-perfect images can be obtained. Figure 32 The high-isolation antenna pair shown is configured as described. That is to say, in the case of... Figure 32The high-isolation antenna pair shown can provide good isolation and radiation performance, while its miniaturized design, such as... Figure 41 The antenna pair shown can also provide good isolation and radiation performance.

[0280] Through the above Figures 17A-41 As explained, in parallel antenna configurations, including series and parallel configurations, a high-isolation antenna pair with at least two antennas can achieve high isolation characteristics by exciting orthogonal currents on the ground plane (or by locally exciting orthogonal currents). Similarly, high isolation characteristics can also be achieved by the relative arrangement of two antennas.

[0281] For example, such as Figure 42 As shown, a high-isolation antenna pair comprising two antennas is used as an example. These two antennas can be, for example... Figure 42 Antennas C1 and C2 are shown. Antennas C1 and C2 can be positioned on two non-intersecting sides of the electronic device. For example, antennas C1 and C2 can be positioned on two opposite sides of a mobile phone. Antennas C1 and C2 can also be positioned on the top and bottom edges of the phone, respectively. Furthermore, the projections of antennas C1 and C2 onto the positioned sides can partially or completely overlap. For example, if antennas C1 and C2 are positioned on two opposite sides, their projections on either side can partially or completely overlap; alternatively, they can be staggered, meaning their projections do not overlap. Figure 42 As shown, antennas C1 and C2 can both be configured as magnetohydrodynamic loop antennas.

[0282] It should be noted that the specific implementations of antenna C1 and antenna C2 can differ in different implementations. For example, as an example, Figure 43 Specific examples of several relatively configured high-isolation antenna pairs provided in embodiments of this application are shown.

[0283] like Figure 43 As shown in (a) of the example, the high-isolation antenna pair may include a magnetic flux loop antenna M41 and a magnetic flux loop antenna M42. The magnetic flux loop antennas M41 and M42 may be positioned opposite each other on two non-adjacent sides of the electronic device. For example, as... Figure 43 As shown in (a), the magnetic flux loop antennas M41 and M42 can be positioned on the two long sides (i.e., the left and right sides) of the electronic device. In different implementations, the magnetic flux loop antennas M41 and M42 can be located at different positions on the long sides. For example, as shown in... Figure 43As shown in (a), the magnetic flux loop antennas M41 and M42 can be positioned opposite each other at the middle of the long side. Therefore, during operation, the magnetic flux loop antennas M41 and M42 can respectively excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane, thereby obtaining an orthogonal spatial field distribution and thus achieving high isolation characteristics.

[0284] With Figure 43 The mechanism shown in (a) is similar, such as Figure 43 As shown in (b) of the example, the high-isolation antenna pair may include a current loop antenna E41 and a current loop antenna E42. The current loop antennas E41 and E42 may be positioned opposite each other on two non-adjacent sides of the electronic device. For example, as... Figure 43 As shown in (b), the current loop antennas E41 and E42 can be positioned on the two long sides (i.e., the left and right sides) of the electronic device. In different implementations, the current loop antennas E41 and E42 can be located at different positions on the long sides. For example, as... Figure 43 As shown in (b), the current loop antennas E41 and E42 can be positioned opposite each other at the midpoint of the long side. Therefore, during operation, the current loop antennas E41 and E42 can respectively excite local orthogonal currents on the ground, thereby obtaining an orthogonal spatial field distribution and thus achieving high isolation characteristics.

[0285] In addition, such as Figure 43 As shown in (c) of the diagram, the high-isolation antenna pair in this example may include a current loop antenna E43 and a magnetic flux loop antenna M43. The current loop antenna E43 and the magnetic flux loop antenna M43 may be positioned opposite each other on two non-adjacent sides of the electronic device. For example, as... Figure 43 As shown in (c), the current loop antenna E43 and the magnetic flux loop antenna M43 can be positioned on the two long sides (i.e., the left and right sides) of the electronic device. In different implementations, the current loop antenna E43 and the magnetic flux loop antenna M43 can be located at different positions on the long sides. For example, as... Figure 43 As shown in (c), the current loop antenna E43 and the magnetic flux loop antenna M43 can be positioned opposite each other at the middle of the long side. Therefore, during operation, the current loop antenna E43 and the magnetic flux loop antenna M43 can respectively excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane, thereby obtaining an orthogonal spatial field distribution and thus achieving high isolation characteristics.

[0286] In addition, the above Figure 43 In the examples provided, direct feeding is used as an example for illustration. In other implementations of this application, such as... Figure 43 In the relative positional relationship (e.g., relative arrangement) of the high-isolation antenna pairs shown, at least one antenna in the antenna pair with the same antenna type can also be fed by coupling feed.

[0287] For example, the following are examples: Figure 43 Based on (c) in the example, a high isolation antenna pair with a relatively set up based on coupled feeding is illustrated.

[0288] like Figure 44 As shown, in this example, the antenna pair may include a coupled-fed current loop antenna E44 and a magnetic current loop antenna M44 disposed opposite to the current loop antenna E44. In some implementations, the current loop antenna E44 may have, for example... Figure 7 As shown in the diagram, the magnetic flux loop antenna M44 can have the following configuration: Figure 10 The composition shown.

[0289] It should be understood that, Figure 44 The schematic diagram of the coupled power supply is as follows: Figure 43 Based on (c), such as Figure 43 (a) or as in Figure 43 The antennas mentioned in (b) may also include at least one antenna that is fed by coupling. This will not be elaborated further here.

[0290] like Figure 44 As shown, based on the above analysis, when the magnetic flux loop antenna M44 is positioned at the center of the left long side, the transverse current component of the ground current it can excite will be much larger than the longitudinal current component, thus obtaining... Figure 44 The effect of the transverse current is shown. Correspondingly, the current loop antenna E44 can excite the longitudinal current on the ground plane, and the ground currents excited by the magnetic current loop antenna M44 and the current loop antenna E44 are orthogonal. This achieves a high isolation effect.

[0291] To more clearly illustrate the effect of the antenna scheme provided in the embodiments of this application, the following uses a high-isolation antenna pair with relatively arranged antennas having, for example... Figure 44 Taking the structure shown as an example, combined with Figures 45A-46 Explain its working mechanism and effects.

[0292] For example, Figure 45A This illustrates the excitation of the ground plane current when the current loop antenna E44 is operating. For example... Figure 44 The theoretical analysis shown yields completely consistent results. It can be seen that the current loop antenna E44 can excite a longitudinal current at the center of the ground plane. Figure 45B The diagram illustrates the excitation of the ground current by the magnetic flux loop antenna M44. It can be seen that the magnetic flux loop antenna M44 can excite a transverse current at the center of the ground plane. Therefore, at this center location, two orthogonal currents can be obtained, allowing the current loop antenna E44 and the magnetic flux loop antenna M44 to excite orthogonal currents, achieving a high isolation effect.

[0293] Having such Figure 44 The far-field radiation pattern of the antenna array shown is as follows: Figure 45C As shown. Figure 46 The results of the S-parameter simulation are shown, indicating that the two-port isolation of the two antennas has reached below -160dB, thus meeting the high isolation requirements. Furthermore, S11 shows that the deepest point of both antennas is close to or reaches -20dB, and the bandwidth is sufficient to cover at least one operating frequency band. Therefore, this... Figure 44 The structure shown provides good radiation performance while offering high isolation.

[0294] In addition, in such Figure 43 (a) in and such Figure 43 In example (b), providing an antenna pair composed of the same type of antenna also provides good isolation. This is because the distance between the two antennas is greater than that of a series or parallel arrangement, thus achieving better isolation due to the greater distance. Both examples achieve an isolation of approximately -20 dB.

[0295] It should be noted that, similar to the aforementioned series and parallel distribution schemes, in the relatively distributed scheme, the current loop antenna and magnetic flux loop antenna can also have structures different from those in the examples above, and the feeding method can also be a coupled feeding method different from direct feeding. The effects achieved are similar, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0296] Therefore, through the aforementioned Figures 17A-46 As can be understood from the scheme description, in cases including series, parallel, and parallel distributions, good isolation can be achieved because orthogonal currents can be excited on the ground plane. Furthermore, the use of current loop antennas and / or magnetic flux loop antennas also gives this antenna scheme good radiation performance.

[0297] In the following description, the high isolation characteristics of an antenna pair (antenna group) with strong coupling as shown in Table 1 will be illustrated by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the case of orthogonal distribution.

[0298] In this example, the electronic device can be equipped with a high-isolation antenna pair consisting of at least two antennas with orthogonal positions. The orthogonality can be achieved by placing the two antennas on two adjacent sides of the electronic device. Taking a mobile phone as an example, one antenna can be placed on the short side of the phone, and the other antenna can be placed on any of the long sides adjacent to that short side.

[0299] As one possible implementation, in conjunction with the description in Table 1 above, the orthogonally distributed high-isolation antenna pairs can include any combination of the following:

[0300] One antenna is a current loop antenna, and the other is a DM wire antenna or a CM slot antenna. Alternatively, one antenna is a magnetohydrodynamic loop antenna, and the other is a magnetohydrodynamic loop antenna, a CM wire antenna, or a DM slot antenna.

[0301] During operation, the two antennas can respectively excite orthogonal currents on the ground, thereby obtaining orthogonal spatial field distributions and achieving high isolation characteristics. Furthermore, because the high-isolation antenna employs a current loop antenna / magnetic flux loop antenna, it also provides good radiation characteristics.

[0302] For example, in some embodiments, the high-isolation antenna pair may include two current loop antennas. For instance, combined with... Figure 47 As shown in (a) above, two current loop antennas, E31 and E32, are used as examples. In this example, current loop antennas E31 and E32 can be current loop monopole antennas. In other examples, current loop antennas E21 and / or E32 can also be other forms of current loop antennas. It should be understood that the feeding method of the current loop antenna can also be different in different implementations, such as direct feed or coupled feed.

[0303] In such Figure 47 In example (a), current loop antenna E31 and current loop antenna E32 can be located on two adjacent sides of an electronic device (such as a mobile phone). For example, current loop antenna E31 is located on the top short side of the mobile phone, and current loop antenna E32 is located on the left long side of the mobile phone. Current loop antenna E32 can be located on either side of this left long side, such as at the top or bottom of the left long side.

[0304] Thus, when the high-isolation antenna pair consisting of current loop antenna E31 and current loop antenna E32 is in operation, current loop antenna E31 can excite the transverse current on the short side of the ground plane, and correspondingly, current loop antenna E32 can excite the longitudinal current on the long side of the ground plane. This achieves the effect of exciting orthogonal currents in the ground plane, thereby obtaining an orthogonal spatial field distribution in the far field, and thus achieving a high isolation effect.

[0305] With the above Figure 47 Similar to (a) in the example, in the example... Figure 47In example (b) above, a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna with direct feed is used as an example for illustration. In other embodiments of this application, the magnetic flux loop antenna M31 and / or the magnetic flux loop antenna M32 may also be any other magnetic flux loop antenna mentioned above, and its feeding form is not limited to direct feed, but may also be achieved through coupling feed.

[0306] The above example illustrates the scenario where the current loop antenna E32 / magnetic current loop antenna M32 is positioned at the top of the left long side. It's understood that when a high-isolation antenna pair operates near the intermediate frequency (2GHz), the high current points corresponding to the ground plane are located on both sides of the side, while the ground current at the center of the side is relatively small. Therefore, for a current loop antenna of the magnetic field type, placing the current loop antenna E32 on both sides of the long side provides better performance. For example, in some embodiments, the current loop antenna E32 can also be positioned at the bottom of the long side of the electronic device, which can also excite the longitudinal current along the long side, thereby achieving high isolation from the current loop antenna E31. Similarly, the current loop antenna E32 can be positioned at the high current position on the right long side of the mobile phone, thus achieving both good radiation performance and high isolation from the current loop antenna E31.

[0307] The following uses orthogonally distributed high-isolation antenna pairs as an example. Figure 47 Taking the composition of (b) as an example, its performance will be explained.

[0308] For example, such as Figure 48 As shown, having as Figure 47 The orthogonally distributed high-isolation antenna pair (b) produces a spatial field distribution that is approximately orthogonal. Understandably, the magnetic flux loop antenna M31 can excite a longitudinal current on the ground plane. Correspondingly, the magnetic flux loop antenna M32 can excite a transverse current on the ground plane. However, in this example, to maintain the performance of the magnetic flux loop antenna, M32 is not positioned in the middle of the side of the electronic device; therefore, the excited transverse current on the ground plane is not perfectly parallel to the horizontal direction. Nevertheless, since the angle between the spatial fields generated by the two antennas is close to 90 degrees, a high isolation effect is still achieved.

[0309] For example, in combination Figure 49 The S-parameter simulation results show that the deepest point of S11 for both antennas exceeds -5dB, and the bandwidth is sufficient to cover an operating frequency band. Correspondingly, the worst point of S21 is close to -15dB. This isolation level also meets the isolation requirements between two antennas in electronic devices (worst -10dB), thus confirming the above-mentioned... Figure 47 The two magnetohydrodynamic loop antennas shown in (b) can form a high-isolation antenna pair with good radiation performance.

[0310] The above description of orthogonal distribution is based on the example of antennas located at both ends (such as the top or bottom of the side of a mobile phone). In other embodiments of this application, the side antennas may also be located at the center of the side.

[0311] For example, in combination Figure 50 .like Figure 46 As shown in (a), in the case of a high-isolation antenna pair including two current loop antennas, the current loop antenna E32 located on the side can be located at the center of the side (or near the center). Similarly, as Figure 50 As shown in (b), in the case of a high-isolation antenna pair including two magnetic flux loop antennas, the magnetic flux loop antenna M32 located on the side can be located at the center position (or near the center position) on the side.

[0312] Combination Figure 51 This shows the above-mentioned features. Figure 50 The diagram (b) shows a simulated radiation pattern of a high-isolation antenna pair orthogonally distributed, consisting of two magnetic flux loop antennas. It can be seen that the magnetic flux loop antenna M31, positioned at the top center, still generates a lateral spatial field distribution. Correspondingly, the magnetic flux loop antenna M32, positioned at the middle of the side, can excite near-vertical spatial field distributions in the upper and lower regions of the electronic device, respectively. This allows the magnetic flux loop antennas M31 and M32 to excite orthogonal spatial field distributions, achieving high isolation characteristics. Furthermore, similar to the aforementioned explanation, since the magnetic flux loop antennas M31 and M32 themselves have good radiation characteristics, this pair... Figure 50 The high-isolation antenna pair shown in (b) has good radiation performance.

[0313] Combination Figure 52 This shows the above-mentioned features. Figure 50 Figure (b) shows a simulation diagram of the S-parameters of a high-isolation antenna pair with orthogonal distribution consisting of two magnetic flux loop antennas. It can be seen that after the magnetic flux loop antenna M32 is moved to the side center position, S11 is significantly improved, with the worst point exceeding -20dB. Furthermore, due to the enhanced orthogonality of the radiation pattern, the two-port isolation is also improved, reaching approximately -20dB at its worst.

[0314] With Figure 50 Similar to (b) above, the above has the following characteristics: Figure 50 The high-isolation antenna pair shown in (a) can also achieve similar high isolation characteristics and good radiation performance.

[0315] In practical applications of orthogonal high-isolation antenna pairs, the positions of the side current loop antennas / magnetic current loop antennas can be flexibly set according to the specific environmental requirements to obtain high isolation characteristics.

[0316] The above description of the orthogonally distributed high-isolation antenna scheme uses an antenna pair consisting of two antennas as an example. In other embodiments of this application, the orthogonally distributed high-isolation antenna scheme may include more antennas. For example, the orthogonally distributed high-isolation antenna scheme may include a high-isolation antenna group comprising three or more antennas. This high-isolation antenna group may include two or more antennas forming a distributed antenna structure. This distributed antenna structure can achieve high isolation with other antennas in the high-isolation antenna group.

[0317] For example, in combination Figure 53A This is a schematic diagram of some orthogonally distributed high-isolation antenna groups provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0318] like Figure 53A As shown in (a) of the diagram, the high-isolation antenna group in this example may include three antennas. These three antennas are a current loop antenna E33 positioned at the top center, a magnetic flux loop antenna M33 positioned on the left long side (e.g., the upper left end), and a magnetic flux loop antenna M34 positioned on the right long side (e.g., the upper right end). Two magnetic flux loop antennas (e.g., magnetic flux loop antennas M33 and M34) are symmetrically fed (equal amplitude and in phase) to form a single-port distributed antenna structure 5. This distributed antenna structure 5, together with the current loop antenna E33 located in the middle, forms a dual-port antenna structure. Exemplarily, the magnetic flux loop antenna M33 is fed by a feed signal f5. Furthermore, the magnetic flux loop antenna M34 can also be fed by the same feed signal f5. This achieves symmetrical feeding of the magnetic flux loop antennas M33 and M34. Additionally, the current loop antenna E33 can also be fed by a feed signal f6. This allows the distributed antenna structure 5 to achieve high isolation with the current loop antenna E33.

[0319] In other embodiments, such as Figure 53AAs shown in (b), the high-isolation antenna group in this example may include three antennas. These three antennas are a current loop antenna E36 positioned at the top center, a current loop antenna E34 positioned on the left long side (e.g., the upper left end), and a current loop antenna E35 positioned on the right long side (e.g., the upper right end). Two current loop antennas (e.g., current loop antennas E34 and E35) are symmetrically fed (equal amplitude and in phase) to form a single-port distributed antenna structure 6. This distributed antenna structure 6, together with the current loop antenna E36 in the middle, forms a dual-port antenna structure. For example, the current loop antenna E34 is fed by a feed signal f7. Furthermore, the current loop antenna E35 can also be fed by the same feed signal f7. This achieves symmetrical feeding of the current loop antennas E34 and E35. Additionally, the current loop antenna E36 can be fed by a feed signal f8. This allows the distributed antenna structure 6 to achieve high isolation with the current loop antenna E36.

[0320] The following is Figure 53A Taking the structural diagram of (a) in the middle as an example, combined with Figure 54 and Figure 55 Its high isolation characteristics and good radiation performance are illustrated by far-field radiation pattern and S-parameter simulation.

[0321] Combination Figure 53B It shows that it has the following characteristics: Figure 53A The diagram shows the current distribution of the antenna array, as shown in (a). Based on the preceding analysis, when the magnetic flux loop antenna is positioned at the end of its side, both the transverse and longitudinal components of the excited ground current are significant. For example... Figure 53B As shown, the magnetic flux loop antenna M33 can excite a current pointing downwards to the right, and the magnetic flux loop antenna M34 can excite a current pointing downwards to the left. When the magnetic flux loop antennas M33 and M34 operate simultaneously with symmetrical feeding, the horizontal components of the excited ground current cancel each other out because they are in opposite directions. The vertical components, however, are in the same direction and can therefore superimpose. Thus, when the magnetic flux loop antennas M33 and M34 operate simultaneously, they can jointly excite a longitudinal current on the ground. This longitudinal current has a good orthogonal effect with the transverse current generated by the current loop antenna E33, thereby providing high isolation.

[0322] Figure 54 It shows having Figure 53A The antenna scheme shown in (a) illustrates the far-field radiation pattern distribution during operation.

[0323] Figure 55 It shows having Figure 53AThe diagram in (a) illustrates the S-parameter simulation of the antenna scheme during operation. It can be seen that the deepest point of S11 in the distributed antenna structure 5, composed of the current loop antenna E33, the magnetic flux loop antenna M33, and the magnetic flux loop antenna M34, all exceed -10dB, and their bandwidth is sufficient to cover at least one operating frequency band. Correspondingly, from the perspective of isolation, the worst isolation point of the two antenna structures is also below -40dB, thus exhibiting good isolation.

[0324] The following is Figure 53A Taking the structural diagram of (b) in the example, combined with Figure 56 and Figure 57 Its high isolation characteristics and good radiation performance are illustrated by far-field radiation pattern and S-parameter simulation.

[0325] Figure 56 It shows having Figure 53A The antenna scheme shown in (b) illustrates the far-field radiation pattern distribution during operation.

[0326] Figure 57 It shows having Figure 53A The S-parameter simulation diagram of the antenna scheme shown in (b) is illustrated during operation. It can be seen that the deepest point of S11 for both the current loop antenna E36 and the distributed antenna structure 6 is close to -10dB, and their bandwidth is sufficient to cover at least one operating frequency band. Correspondingly, from the perspective of isolation, the worst isolation point of both antenna structures is below -40dB, thus exhibiting good isolation.

[0327] The above Figures 53A-57 The high-isolation antenna group, which consists of multiple orthogonally distributed antennas, is fed in a symmetrical manner. In other words, multiple antennas in the high-isolation antenna group can be fed with equal amplitude and in phase at the same time.

[0328] This application also provides another type of high-isolation antenna group composed of multiple orthogonally distributed antennas. Different antennas in the high-isolation antenna group (distributed antenna structure) can be antisymmetrically fed to obtain high isolation characteristics.

[0329] For example, refer to Figure 58A This diagram illustrates the composition of two high-isolation antenna arrays provided in the embodiments of this application. These two high-isolation antenna arrays can achieve high isolation characteristics through antisymmetric feeding.

[0330] like Figure 58AAs shown in (a), the high-isolation antenna group may include three antennas: a magnetic flux loop antenna M35 positioned at the center of the short side of the electronic device, and magnetic flux loop antennas M36 and M37 positioned at either end of the long side of the electronic device (e.g., the top of the long side). During operation, the magnetic flux loop antennas M36 and M37 are antisymmetrically fed (equal amplitude and opposite phase), forming a single-port distributed antenna structure 7. This single-port structure 7, together with the current loop antenna M35 located in the middle, forms a two-port antenna structure, and the distributed structure 7 and the magnetic flux loop antenna M35 can achieve high isolation. For example, the magnetic flux loop antenna M36 can be fed by a feed signal f9, and the magnetic flux loop antenna M37 can be fed by a signal with equal amplitude and opposite phase to the feed signal f9 (e.g., obtained through an inverter), thereby achieving antisymmetric feeding of the magnetic flux loop antennas M36 and M37. Furthermore, the magnetic flux loop antenna M35 can also be fed by a feed signal f10.

[0331] like Figure 58A As shown in (b), the high-isolation antenna group may include three antennas: a magnetic flux loop antenna M38 positioned at the center of the short side of the electronic device, and current loop antennas E37 and E38 positioned at either end of the long side of the electronic device (e.g., the top of the long side). During operation, current loop antennas E37 and E38 are antisymmetrically fed (equal amplitude and opposite phase), forming a single-port distributed antenna structure 8. This single-port structure 8, together with the magnetic flux loop antenna M38 located in the middle, forms a dual-port antenna structure. This distributed structure 8 and the magnetic flux loop antenna M38 can achieve a high isolation effect. For example, the current loop antenna E37 can be fed by a feed signal f11, and the current loop antenna E38 can also be fed by a signal with equal amplitude and opposite phase to the feed signal f11 (e.g., obtained through an inverter), thereby achieving antisymmetric feeding of both the current loop antennas E37 and E38. Furthermore, the magnetic flux loop antenna M38 can also be fed by a feed signal f12.

[0332] The following examples, using radiation patterns and S-parameter simulations, illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

[0333] For example, Figure 58B It shows that it has the following characteristics: Figure 58A The current simulation diagram of the high-isolation antenna array is shown in (a). It can be seen that the distributed antenna structure consisting of the antisymmetric-fed magnetic flux loop antennas M36 and M37 can achieve a lateral current distribution. Correspondingly, the magnetic flux loop antenna M35, positioned in the middle of the short side, can excite a longitudinal current on the ground plane. This excites two orthogonal current distributions, achieving high isolation characteristics.

[0334] Combination Figure 59 and Figure 60 , for having such Figure 58A The example of a high-isolation antenna array is shown in (a) above. Wherein, Figure 59 This is a schematic diagram of the far-field radiation pattern. (Reference) Figure 60 The S-parameter simulation shows that the worst isolation level is below -35dB, thus meeting the high isolation requirements. Furthermore, looking at S11, the deepest point of S11 for both the magnetic flux loop antenna M35 and the distributed antenna structure 7 exceeds -10dB, while the bandwidth also meets the coverage requirements of at least one operating frequency band. Therefore, it has the characteristics of... Figure 58A The high-isolation antenna array shown in (a) can also provide good radiation performance and good isolation.

[0335] It should be noted that the above... Figure 58A In example (a), the magnetic flux loop antenna is described using the example of being positioned at one of the two ends of the side. In other embodiments of this application, when the magnetic flux loop antenna is positioned on the side, it can also be positioned on a portion other than one of the two ends. For example, the magnetic flux loop antenna can be positioned near the center of the long side. For example, in conjunction with... Figure 61 Taking a high-isolation antenna group as an example, it includes a magnetic flux loop antenna M35 positioned at the center of the short side of the electronic device, and magnetic flux loop antennas M36 and M37 positioned near the center of the long side of the electronic device. In other words, compared to... Figure 58A In example (a), the position of the magnetohydrodynamic loop antenna, which is located on the left side and / or the right side, can be moved down to near the center of the long side.

[0336] During operation, the feed signals for the magnetic flux loop antennas M36 and M37 can be antisymmetric feed signals. For example, the magnetic flux loop antenna M36 can be fed using feed signal f9, and the magnetic flux loop antenna M37 can also be fed using a signal with the same amplitude but opposite phase as feed signal f9 (e.g., obtained through an inverter). The magnetic flux loop antenna M35 can also be fed using feed signal f10. This achieves high isolation characteristics between the distributed antenna composed of magnetic flux loop antennas M36 and M37 and the operating mode of magnetic flux loop antenna M35.

[0337] For example, Figure 62 It shows that it has the following characteristics: Figure 61 The far-field radiation pattern of the high-isolation antenna array shown is displayed during operation. Combined with... Figure 63The S-parameter simulation diagram shows that the worst isolation of the magnetic flux loop antenna M35 and the distributed antenna structure 8 exceeds -80dB, thus meeting the requirements for high isolation characteristics. Furthermore, as shown in the simulation results of S11, the deepest point of the magnetic flux loop antenna M35 and the distributed antenna structure 8 exceeds -10dB, and the bandwidth is sufficient to cover at least one operating frequency band.

[0338] In other words, the distributed high-isolation antenna array provided in this application embodiment can achieve high isolation characteristics regardless of whether the side magnetic flux loop antenna is located on the side end or at the center. It should be understood that, for example... Figure 58A The conclusion above still holds for the high-isolation antenna group consisting of two current loop antennas and one magnetic flux loop antenna shown in (b) of the diagram. The following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, discusses antennas with the following characteristics: Figure 58A The operation of the high-isolation antenna array shown in (b) is explained.

[0339] For example, in combination Figure 64 and Figure 65 , for having such Figure 58A The performance simulation example of the high-isolation antenna array shown in (b) is as follows. Figure 64 This is a schematic diagram of the far-field radiation pattern. (Reference) Figure 65 The S-parameter simulation shows that the worst isolation is below -35dB, thus meeting the high isolation requirement. Furthermore, looking at S11, the deepest point of S11 for both the magnetic flux loop antenna M38 and the distributed antenna structure 9 exceeds or approaches -10dB, while the bandwidth also meets the coverage requirements of at least one operating frequency band. Therefore, it has the characteristics of... Figure 58A The high-isolation antenna array with the structure shown in (b) can provide good radiation performance and good isolation under the excitation of antisymmetric feed signals.

[0340] Through the above Figures 47-65 By providing the above explanation, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the compositional features of the orthogonally distributed high-isolation antenna pairs / antenna groups provided in this application and the effects they can achieve. It should be noted that, similar to the aforementioned series and parallel distribution schemes, in the orthogonal distribution scheme, the current loop antenna and magnetic flux loop antenna can also have structures different from those in the examples above, and the feeding method can also be a coupled feeding method different from direct feeding. The effects achieved are similar, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0341] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Accordingly, this specification and drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of this application as defined by the appended claims, and are considered to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if such modifications and modifications of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is also intended to include such modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A high-isolation terminal antenna system, characterized in that, The terminal antenna system, used in electronic devices, includes a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna. The first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna are either current loop antennas or magnetohydrodynamic loop antennas. When the current loop antenna is working, a uniform magnetic field is distributed between the radiator of the current loop antenna and the reference ground. When the magnetohydrodynamic loop antenna is working, a uniform electric field is distributed between the radiator of the magnetohydrodynamic loop antenna and the reference ground. The first antenna is disposed on the first side of the electronic device, the second antenna is disposed on the second side of the electronic device, and the third antenna is disposed on the third side of the electronic device. The first side and the third side are opposite each other, and the first side and the third side are respectively adjacent to the second side; When the terminal antenna system is working, the ground current excited by the distributed antenna structure composed of the first antenna and the third antenna is in the first direction, and the ground current excited by the second antenna is in the second direction. The first direction and the second direction are orthogonal.

2. The terminal antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first antenna and the third antenna are current loop antennas, or both the first antenna and the third antenna are magnetohydrodynamic loop antennas.

3. The terminal antenna system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first antenna, and / or the second antenna, and / or the third antenna are fed in any of the following ways: Direct power supply or coupled power supply.

4. The terminal antenna system according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the first antenna and the third antenna are directly fed, the feed point of the first antenna and the feed point of the third antenna are located on the same side of their respective antenna radiators.

5. The terminal antenna system according to claim 1, 2, or 4, characterized in that, The position of the first antenna on the first side is the first position, and the position of the third antenna on the third side is the second position. The first position and the second position are axially symmetrical about the center line of the second side.

6. The terminal antenna system according to claim 1, 2, or 4, characterized in that, The second antenna is a current loop antenna.

7. The terminal antenna system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The port corresponding to the distributed antenna structure formed by the first antenna and the third antenna is the first port. The ports of the first antenna and the third antenna are respectively connected to the first port. When the terminal antenna system is working, equal-amplitude and in-phase feed signals are fed to the ports of the first antenna and the third antenna respectively through the first port.

8. The terminal antenna system according to claim 1, 2, 4, or 7, characterized in that, The second antenna is a magnetic flux loop antenna.

9. The terminal antenna system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The port corresponding to the distributed antenna structure formed by the first antenna and the third antenna is the first port. The ports of the first antenna and the third antenna are respectively connected to the first port. When the terminal antenna system is working, equal-amplitude and opposite-biased feed signals are fed into the ports of the first antenna and the third antenna respectively through the first port.

10. The terminal antenna system according to claim 1, 2, 4, 7, or 9, characterized in that, The current loop antenna includes a current loop wire antenna and a current loop slot antenna. The radiator of the current loop antenna is connected in parallel with at least one first capacitor grounded, and the radiator of the current loop slot antenna is connected in series with at least one second capacitor; the first capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop antenna and the reference ground, and the second capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop slot antenna and the reference ground.

11. The terminal antenna system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The current loop antenna includes a current loop monopole antenna and a current loop dipole antenna. The current loop slot antenna includes a current loop left-hand antenna and a current loop slot antenna.

12. The terminal antenna system according to claim 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, or 11, characterized in that, The magnetic flux loop antenna includes a magnetic flux loop wire antenna and a magnetic flux loop slot antenna. The radiator of the magnetic flux loop antenna is connected in parallel with at least one first inductor grounded, and the radiator of the magnetic flux loop slot antenna is connected in series with at least one second inductor; the first inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the magnetic flux loop antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the magnetic flux loop antenna and the reference ground, and the second inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the magnetic flux loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the magnetic flux loop slot antenna and the reference ground.

13. The terminal antenna system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The magnetic flux loop antenna includes a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna and a magnetic flux loop dipole antenna; The magnetohydrodynamic loop slot antenna includes a magnetohydrodynamic loop left-handed antenna and a magnetohydrodynamic loop slot antenna.

14. A high-isolation terminal antenna system, characterized in that, The terminal antenna system, used in electronic devices, includes a first antenna and a second antenna. Both the first antenna and the second antenna are current loop antennas, or both the first antenna and the second antenna are magnetic flux loop antennas. When the current loop antenna is working, a uniform magnetic field is distributed between the radiator of the current loop antenna and the reference ground. When the magnetic flux loop antenna is working, a uniform electric field is distributed between the radiator of the magnetic flux loop antenna and the reference ground. The first antenna is disposed on a first side of the electronic device, and the second antenna is disposed on a second side of the electronic device, with the first side and the second side being adjacent to each other; When the terminal antenna system is working, the ground current excited by the first antenna is in a first direction, and the ground current excited by the second antenna is in a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are orthogonal.

15. The terminal antenna system according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first antenna and / or the second antenna are fed in any of the following ways: direct feeding or coupled feeding.

16. The terminal antenna system according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, The first side is the short side of the electronic device, and the second side is the long side of the electronic device. The first antenna is located at the center of the first side, and the second antenna is located at the center of the second side.

17. The terminal antenna system according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, The current loop antenna includes a current loop wire antenna and a current loop slot antenna. The radiator of the current loop antenna is connected in parallel with at least one first capacitor grounded, and the radiator of the current loop slot antenna is connected in series with at least one second capacitor; the first capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop antenna and the reference ground, and the second capacitor is used to adjust the current distribution on the current loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop slot antenna and the reference ground.

18. The terminal antenna system according to claim 17, characterized in that, The current loop antenna includes a current loop monopole antenna and a current loop dipole antenna. The current loop slot antenna includes a current loop left-hand antenna and a current loop slot antenna.

19. The terminal antenna system according to claim 14, 15, or 18, characterized in that, The magnetic flux loop antenna includes a magnetic flux loop wire antenna and a magnetic flux loop slot antenna. The radiator of the magnetic flux loop antenna is connected in parallel with at least one first inductor grounded, and the radiator of the magnetic flux loop slot antenna is connected in series with at least one second inductor; the first inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the magnetic flux loop antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the magnetic flux loop antenna and the reference ground, and the second inductor is used to adjust the current distribution on the magnetic flux loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the magnetic flux loop slot antenna and the reference ground.

20. The terminal antenna system according to claim 19, characterized in that, The magnetic flux loop antenna includes a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna and a magnetic flux loop dipole antenna; The magnetohydrodynamic loop slot antenna includes a magnetohydrodynamic loop left-handed antenna and a magnetohydrodynamic loop slot antenna.

21. A high-isolation terminal antenna system, characterized in that, The terminal antenna system, used in electronic devices, includes a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna. The first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna are current loop antennas or magnetohydrodynamic loop antennas; The first antenna is disposed on the first side of the electronic device, the second antenna is disposed on the second side of the electronic device, and the third antenna is disposed on the third side of the electronic device. The first side and the third side are opposite each other, and the first side and the third side are respectively adjacent to the second side; Wherein, when the current loop antenna is a current loop monopole antenna or a current loop dipole antenna, at least one end of the current loop antenna radiator is provided with a first capacitor grounded. When the current loop antenna is a current loop slot antenna or a current loop left-handed antenna, at least one second capacitor is connected in series on the radiator of the current loop antenna. The capacitance ranges of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are set as follows: When the current loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 450MHz-1GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.5pF, 15pF]; when the current loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 1GHz-3GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [0.5pF, 15pF]; when the current loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 3GHz-10GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.2pF, 12pF]. When the magnetic flux loop antenna is a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna or a magnetic flux loop dipole antenna, at least one end of the radiating element of the magnetic flux loop antenna is provided with a first inductor grounded. When the magnetic flux loop antenna is a magnetic flux loop slot antenna or a magnetic flux loop left-handed antenna, at least one second inductor is connected in series on the radiator of the magnetic flux loop antenna. The inductance ranges of the first and second inductors are set as follows: When the magnetic flux loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 450MHz-1GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [5nH, 47nH]; when the magnetic flux loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 1GHz-3GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [1nH, 33nH]; when the magnetic flux loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 3GHz-10GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [0.5nH, 10nH].

22. The terminal antenna system according to claim 21, characterized in that, Both the first antenna and the third antenna are current loop antennas, or both the first antenna and the third antenna are magnetohydrodynamic loop antennas.

23. The terminal antenna system according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, The first antenna, and / or the second antenna, and / or the third antenna are fed in any of the following ways: Direct power supply or coupled power supply.

24. The terminal antenna system according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, The position of the first antenna on the first side is the first position, and the position of the third antenna on the third side is the second position. The first position and the second position are axially symmetrical about the center line of the second side.

25. The terminal antenna system according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, The second antenna is a current loop antenna.

26. The terminal antenna system according to claim 25, characterized in that, The port corresponding to the distributed antenna structure formed by the first antenna and the third antenna is the first port. The ports of the first antenna and the third antenna are respectively connected to the first port. When the terminal antenna system is working, equal-amplitude and in-phase feed signals are fed to the ports of the first antenna and the third antenna respectively through the first port.

27. A high-isolation terminal antenna system, characterized in that, The terminal antenna system, used in electronic devices, includes a first antenna and a second antenna. Both the first antenna and the second antenna are current loop antennas, or both the first antenna and the second antenna are magnetohydrodynamic loop antennas; The first antenna is disposed on a first side of the electronic device, and the second antenna is disposed on a second side of the electronic device, with the first side and the second side being adjacent to each other; Wherein, when the current loop antenna is a current loop monopole antenna or a current loop dipole antenna, at least one end of the current loop antenna radiator is provided with a first capacitor grounded. When the current loop antenna is a current loop slot antenna or a current loop left-handed antenna, at least one second capacitor is connected in series on the radiator of the current loop antenna. The capacitance ranges of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are set as follows: When the current loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 450MHz-1GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.5pF, 15pF]; when the current loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 1GHz-3GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [0.5pF, 15pF]; when the current loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 3GHz-10GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.2pF, 12pF]. When the magnetic flux loop antenna is a magnetic flux loop monopole antenna or a magnetic flux loop dipole antenna, at least one end of the radiating element of the magnetic flux loop antenna is provided with a first inductor grounded. When the magnetic flux loop antenna is a magnetic flux loop slot antenna or a magnetic flux loop left-handed antenna, at least one second inductor is connected in series on the radiator of the magnetic flux loop antenna. The inductance ranges of the first and second inductors are set as follows: When the magnetic flux loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 450MHz-1GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [5nH, 47nH]; when the magnetic flux loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 1GHz-3GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [1nH, 33nH]; when the magnetic flux loop antenna operates in the frequency band of 3GHz-10GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [0.5nH, 10nH].

28. The terminal antenna system according to claim 27, characterized in that, The first side is the short side of the electronic device, and the second side is the long side of the electronic device. The first antenna is located at the center of the first side, and the second antenna is located at the center of the second side.

29. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device is equipped with at least one processor and a radio frequency module; The electronic device further includes a terminal antenna system as described in any one of claims 1-13; or, a terminal antenna system as described in any one of claims 14-20; or, a terminal antenna system as described in any one of claims 21-26; or, a terminal antenna system as described in claim 27 or 28. When the electronic device transmits or receives signals, it does so through the radio frequency module and the terminal antenna system.

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