Optical camera lens

Abstract

The present invention provides an optical imaging lens. The optical imaging lens sequentially includes, along the optical axis from the light incident side to the light exit side: a first lens; a second lens, the surface of the second lens close to the exit side being concave; a third lens; a fourth lens; a fifth lens, the surface of the fifth lens close to the incident side being convex; a sixth lens; a seventh lens; an eighth lens; wherein at least three surfaces among the surface of the first lens close to the incident side to the surface of the fourth lens close to the exit side are concave; the following is satisfied between the maximum refractive index Namax in the first lens to the fourth lens and the second largest refractive index Nbmax in the fifth lens to the eighth lens: (Namax + Nbmax) / 2 > 1.6. The present invention solves the problem that it is difficult to simultaneously take into account large image plane, large aperture and miniaturization in the optical imaging lens in the prior art.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent application with the application number 202111333888.7, titled "Optical Camera Lens", which was filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on November 11, 2021. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging devices, and more particularly, to an optical camera lens. Background Art

[0003] Currently, the development of optical camera lenses has become increasingly mature, and there are various types of optical camera lenses. Taking the optical camera lens of a mobile phone as an example, as people increasingly tend to use mobile phone cameras instead of traditional cameras, this forces the optical camera lens of the mobile phone to meet various user needs, such as high image quality, high definition, etc., while also ensuring compatibility with electronic photosensitive elements. Some mobile phone manufacturers have put forward higher requirements for various performance aspects in the design process of optical camera lenses, such as the need to meet a large image plane, a large aperture, and at the same time ensure miniaturization. However, existing optical camera lenses are difficult to meet the above requirements simultaneously.

[0004] That is to say, the optical camera lenses in the prior art have the problem that it is difficult to simultaneously balance a large image plane, a large aperture, and miniaturization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main object of the present invention is to provide an optical camera lens to solve the problem that the optical camera lenses in the prior art have difficulty in simultaneously balancing a large image plane, a large aperture, and miniaturization.

[0006] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical camera lens, which sequentially includes, along the optical axis from the light incident side to the light exit side: a first lens; a second lens, the surface of the second lens close to the exit side is concave; a third lens; a fourth lens; a fifth lens, the surface of the fifth lens close to the incident side is convex; a sixth lens; a seventh lens; an eighth lens; wherein, at least three of the surfaces from the surface of the first lens close to the incident side to the surface of the fourth lens close to the exit side are concave; the effective focal length f of the optical camera lens and the entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical camera lens satisfy: f / EPD < 1.3.

[0007] Further, the combined focal length f1234 of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, and the fourth lens, the effective focal length f1 of the first lens, and the effective focal length f3 of the third lens satisfy: 0 < f1234 / (f1 - f3) < 1.0.

[0008] Further, the effective focal length f of the optical camera lens and the effective focal length f8 of the eighth lens satisfy: -1.0 < f8 / f < 0.

[0009] Furthermore, it satisfies that: (Namax + Nbmax) / 2 > 1.6, where Namax is the maximum value of the refractive index among the first lens to the fourth lens, and Nbmax is the second largest value of the refractive index among the fifth lens to the eighth lens.

[0010] Furthermore, it satisfies that: 5.0 < Vamax - Vbmin < 30.0, where Vamax is the maximum value of the Abbe number among the first lens to the fourth lens, and Vbmin is the second smallest value of the Abbe number among the fifth lens to the eighth lens.

[0011] Furthermore, it satisfies that: -1.0 < f678 / f45 < 0, where f45 is the combined focal length of the fourth lens and the fifth lens, and f678 is the combined focal length of the sixth lens, the seventh lens, and the eighth lens.

[0012] Furthermore, it satisfies that: 0 < (f5 + f7) / f1 < 1.0, where f1 is the effective focal length of the first lens, f5 is the effective focal length of the fifth lens, and f7 is the effective focal length of the seventh lens.

[0013] Furthermore, it satisfies that: -1.0 < (R7 + R8) / f4 < 0, where R7 is the radius of curvature of the surface of the fourth lens near the incident side, R8 is the radius of curvature of the surface of the fourth lens near the exit side, and f4 is the effective focal length of the fourth lens.

[0014] Furthermore, it satisfies that: -1.0 < DT82 / (R15 + R16) < 0, where R15 is the radius of curvature of the surface of the eighth lens near the incident side, R16 is the radius of curvature of the surface of the eighth lens near the exit side, and DT82 is the maximum effective radius of the surface of the eighth lens near the exit side.

[0015] Furthermore, it satisfies that: 0.5 < CT1 / ET1 < 1.5, where CT1 is the central thickness of the first lens on the optical axis, and ET1 is the edge thickness of the first lens.

[0016] Furthermore, it satisfies that: 0.5 < ET7 / ET8 < 1.5, where ET7 is the edge thickness of the seventh lens, and ET8 is the edge thickness of the eighth lens.

[0017] Furthermore, it satisfies that: 0.5 < (ET3 + ET4) / (CT3 + CT4) < 1.0, where CT3 is the central thickness of the third lens on the optical axis, CT4 is the central thickness of the fourth lens on the optical axis, ET3 is the edge thickness of the third lens, and ET4 is the edge thickness of the fourth lens.

[0018] Furthermore, it satisfies that: -1.0 < R3 / R6 < 0, where R3 is the radius of curvature of the surface of the second lens near the incident side, and R6 is the radius of curvature of the surface of the third lens near the exit side.

[0019] Furthermore, the following conditions are satisfied among the radius of curvature R1 of the surface of the first lens near the incident side, the radius of curvature R2 of the surface of the first lens near the exit side, the radius of curvature R9 of the surface of the fifth lens near the incident side, and the radius of curvature R10 of the surface of the fifth lens near the exit side: -1.0 < (R1 + R2) / (R9 + R10) < 0.

[0020] Furthermore, the following conditions are satisfied among the radius of curvature R11 of the surface of the sixth lens near the incident side, the radius of curvature R12 of the surface of the sixth lens near the exit side, the radius of curvature R13 of the surface of the seventh lens near the incident side, and the radius of curvature R14 of the surface of the seventh lens near the exit side: 0 < (R11 + R12) / (R13 - R14) < 1.5.

[0021] Furthermore, the following conditions are satisfied between the central thickness CT5 of the fifth lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT6 of the sixth lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT7 of the seventh lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT8 of the eighth lens on the optical axis, and the sum ∑AT of the air gaps on the optical axis between adjacent two lenses among the first lens to the eighth lens: 1.0 < (CT5 + CT6 + CT7 + CT8) / ΣAT < 1.5.

[0022] Furthermore, the first lens has a positive optical power, the surface of the first lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface of the first lens near the exit side is convex; the second lens has a positive optical power, and the surface of the second lens near the incident side is convex.

[0023] Furthermore, the third lens has a positive optical power, and the surface of the third lens near the exit side is convex; the fourth lens has a negative optical power, the surface of the fourth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface of the fourth lens near the exit side is concave; the fifth lens has a positive optical power, the surface of the fifth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface of the fifth lens near the exit side is convex.

[0024] Furthermore, the sixth lens has a negative optical power, and the surface of the sixth lens near the exit side is concave; the seventh lens has a positive optical power, the surface of the seventh lens near the incident side is convex; the eighth lens has a negative optical power, the surface of the eighth lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface of the eighth lens near the exit side is concave.

[0025] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical imaging lens, which sequentially includes, along the optical axis from the light incident side to the light exit side: a first lens; a second lens, the surface of the second lens close to the exit side is concave; a third lens; a fourth lens; a fifth lens, the surface of the fifth lens close to the incident side is convex; a sixth lens; a seventh lens; an eighth lens; wherein, at least three surfaces among the surface of the first lens close to the incident side to the surface of the fourth lens close to the exit side are concave; the maximum refractive index Namax among the first lens to the fourth lens and the second largest refractive index Nbmax among the fifth lens to the eighth lens satisfy: (Namax + Nbmax) / 2 > 1.6.

[0026] Further, the effective focal length f of the optical imaging lens and the entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical imaging lens satisfy: f / EPD < 1.3; the combined focal length f1234 of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fourth lens, the effective focal length f1 of the first lens and the effective focal length f3 of the third lens satisfy: 0 < f1234 / (f1 - f3) < 1.0.

[0027] Further, the effective focal length f of the optical imaging lens and the effective focal length f8 of the eighth lens satisfy: -1.0 < f8 / f < 0.

[0028] Further, the maximum Abbe number Vamax among the first lens to the fourth lens and the second smallest Abbe number Vbmin among the fifth lens to the eighth lens satisfy: 5.0 < Vamax - Vbmin < 30.0.

[0029] Further, the combined focal length f45 of the fourth lens and the fifth lens and the combined focal length f678 of the sixth lens, the seventh lens and the eighth lens satisfy: -1.0 < f678 / f45 < 0.

[0030] Further, the effective focal length f1 of the first lens, the effective focal length f5 of the fifth lens and the effective focal length f7 of the seventh lens satisfy: 0 < (f5 + f7) / f1 < 1.0.

[0031] Further, the radius of curvature R7 of the surface of the fourth lens close to the incident side, the radius of curvature R8 of the surface of the fourth lens close to the exit side and the effective focal length f4 of the fourth lens satisfy: -1.0 < (R7 + R8) / f4 < 0.

[0032] Further, the radius of curvature R15 of the surface of the eighth lens close to the incident side, the radius of curvature R16 of the surface of the eighth lens close to the exit side and the maximum effective radius DT82 of the surface of the eighth lens close to the exit side satisfy: -1.0 < DT82 / (R15 + R16) < 0.

[0033] Further, the following condition is satisfied between the central thickness CT1 of the first lens on the optical axis and the edge thickness ET1 of the first lens: 0.5 < CT1 / ET1 < 1.5.

[0034] Further, the following condition is satisfied between the edge thickness ET7 of the seventh lens and the edge thickness ET8 of the eighth lens: 0.5 < ET7 / ET8 < 1.5.

[0035] Further, the following condition is satisfied between the central thickness CT3 of the third lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT4 of the fourth lens on the optical axis, the edge thickness ET3 of the third lens, and the edge thickness ET4 of the fourth lens: 0.5 < (ET3 + ET4) / (CT3 + CT4) < 1.0.

[0036] Further, the following condition is satisfied between the radius of curvature R3 of the surface of the second lens near the incident side and the radius of curvature R6 of the surface of the third lens near the exit side: -1.0 < R3 / R6 < 0.

[0037] Further, the following condition is satisfied between the radius of curvature R1 of the surface of the first lens near the incident side, the radius of curvature R2 of the surface of the first lens near the exit side, the radius of curvature R9 of the surface of the fifth lens near the incident side, and the radius of curvature R10 of the surface of the fifth lens near the exit side: -1.0 < (R1 + R2) / (R9 + R10) < 0.

[0038] Further, the following condition is satisfied between the radius of curvature R11 of the surface of the sixth lens near the incident side, the radius of curvature R12 of the surface of the sixth lens near the exit side, the radius of curvature R13 of the surface of the seventh lens near the incident side, and the radius of curvature R14 of the surface of the seventh lens near the exit side: 0 < (R11 + R12) / (R13 - R14) < 1.5.

[0039] Further, the following condition is satisfied between the central thickness CT5 of the fifth lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT6 of the sixth lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT7 of the seventh lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT8 of the eighth lens on the optical axis, and the sum ∑AT of the air gaps on the optical axis between adjacent two of the first lens to the eighth lens: 1.0 < (CT5 + CT6 + CT7 + CT8) / ΣAT < 1.5.

[0040] Further, the first lens has a positive optical power, the surface of the first lens near the incident side is a concave surface, and the surface of the first lens near the exit side is a convex surface; the second lens has a positive optical power, and the surface of the second lens near the incident side is a convex surface.

[0041] Further, the third lens has a positive optical power, and the surface of the third lens close to the exit side is convex; the fourth lens has a negative optical power, the surface of the fourth lens close to the entrance side is convex, and the surface of the fourth lens close to the exit side is concave; the fifth lens has a positive optical power, the surface of the fifth lens close to the entrance side is convex, and the surface of the fifth lens close to the exit side is convex.

[0042] Further, the sixth lens has a negative optical power, and the surface of the sixth lens close to the exit side is concave; the seventh lens has a positive optical power, the surface of the seventh lens close to the entrance side is convex; the eighth lens has a negative optical power, the surface of the eighth lens close to the entrance side is concave, and the surface of the eighth lens close to the exit side is concave.

[0043] Applying the technical solution of the present invention, the optical camera lens sequentially includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, and an eighth lens along the optical axis from the light incident side to the light exit side; the surface of the second lens close to the exit side is concave; the surface of the fifth lens close to the entrance side is convex; wherein, at least three surfaces among the surface of the first lens close to the entrance side to the surface of the fourth lens close to the exit side are concave; the effective focal length f of the optical camera lens and the entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical camera lens satisfy: f / EPD < 1.3.

[0044] By restricting the ratio between the effective focal length f of the optical camera lens and the entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical camera lens within a reasonable range, on the basis of ensuring a large image plane, reducing the deflection angle of the incident light, continuously increasing the relative aperture of the optical camera lens to achieve the characteristic of an ultra-large aperture, while obtaining more light transmission, so as to improve the imaging effect in a dark environment and improve the imaging effect of a large aperture system. Description of the Drawings

[0045] The specification drawings forming a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 Shows a schematic structural diagram of the optical camera lens of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figures 2 to 4 Respectively show Figure 1 the axial chromatic aberration curve, astigmatism curve, and distortion curve of the optical camera lens in

[0048] Figure 5 Shows a schematic structural diagram of the optical camera lens of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0049] Figures 6 to 8 Respectively show Figure 5The axial chromatic aberration curve, astigmatism curve, and distortion curve of the optical camera lens in;

[0050] Figure 9 Fig. shows the structural schematic diagram of the optical camera lens of Example 3 of the present invention;

[0051] Figures 10 to 12 Each shows Figure 9 The axial chromatic aberration curve, astigmatism curve, and distortion curve of the optical camera lens in;

[0052] Figure 13 Fig. shows the structural schematic diagram of the optical camera lens of Example 4 of the present invention;

[0053] Figures 14 to 16 Each shows Figure 13 The axial chromatic aberration curve, astigmatism curve, and distortion curve of the optical camera lens in;

[0054] Figure 17 Fig. shows the structural schematic diagram of the optical camera lens of Example 5 of the present invention;

[0055] Figures 18 to 20 Each shows Figure 17 The axial chromatic aberration curve, astigmatism curve, and distortion curve of the optical camera lens in;

[0056] Figure 21 Fig. shows the structural schematic diagram of the optical camera lens of Example 6 of the present invention;

[0057] Figures 22 to 24 Each shows Figure 21 The axial chromatic aberration curve, astigmatism curve, and distortion curve of the optical camera lens in.

[0058] Wherein, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0059] E1, the first lens; S1, the surface of the first lens near the incident side; S2, the surface of the first lens near the exit side; E2, the second lens; S3, the surface of the second lens near the incident side; S4, the surface of the second lens near the exit side; E3, the third lens; S5, the surface of the third lens near the incident side; S6, the surface of the third lens near the exit side; E4, the fourth lens; S7, the surface of the fourth lens near the incident side; S8, the surface of the fourth lens near the exit side; E5, the fifth lens; S9, the surface of the fifth lens near the incident side; S10, the surface of the fifth lens near the exit side; E6, the sixth lens; S11, the surface of the sixth lens near the incident side; S12, the surface of the sixth lens near the exit side; E7, the seventh lens; S13, the surface of the seventh lens near the incident side; S14, the surface of the seventh lens near the exit side; E8, the eighth lens; S15, the surface of the eighth lens near the incident side; S16, the surface of the eighth lens near the exit side; E9, the filter; S17, the surface of the filter near the incident side; S18, the surface of the filter near the exit side; S19, the imaging surface. Detailed Embodiments

[0060] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0061] It should be pointed out that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs.

[0062] In the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the orientation terms such as "upper, lower, top, bottom" are generally in reference to the directions shown in the drawings, or in reference to the vertical, perpendicular or gravitational directions of the components themselves; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "inner, outer" refer to the inner and outer of the contours of the respective components themselves, but the above orientation terms do not limit the present invention.

[0063] It should be noted that in this specification, the expressions such as first, second, third, etc. are only used to distinguish one feature from another, and do not represent any limitation on the features. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this application, the first lens discussed below may also be referred to as the second lens or the third lens.

[0064] In the drawings, for ease of illustration, the thickness, dimensions and shapes of the lenses have been slightly exaggerated. Specifically, the spherical or aspherical shapes shown in the drawings are shown by way of example. That is, the spherical or aspherical shapes are not limited to the spherical or aspherical shapes shown in the drawings. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn to an exact scale.

[0065] In this text, the paraxial region refers to the region near the optical axis. If the lens surface is convex and the position of the convex surface is not defined, it means that the lens surface is convex at least in the paraxial region; if the lens surface is concave and the position of the concave surface is not defined, it means that the lens surface is concave at least in the paraxial region. The surface of each lens close to the light incident side is the surface of the lens close to the incident side, and the surface of each lens close to the light exit side is called the surface of the lens close to the exit side. The judgment of the surface shape in the paraxial region can be based on the judgment method of those with ordinary knowledge in this field, and the concavity and convexity are judged by the positive and negative values of the R value (R refers to the radius of curvature in the paraxial region, usually the R value on the lens database (lens data) in optical software). Taking the surface close to the incident side as an example, when the R value is positive, it is judged as a convex surface, and when the R value is negative, it is judged as a concave surface; taking the surface close to the exit side as an example, when the R value is positive, it is judged as a concave surface, and when the R value is negative, it is judged as a convex surface.

[0066] In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to simultaneously take into account large image plane, large aperture and miniaturization in the existing optical camera lens, the present invention provides an optical camera lens.

[0067] Embodiment 1

[0068] As Figures 1 to 24 shown, the optical camera lens sequentially includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens and an eighth lens along the optical axis from the light incident side to the light exit side; the surface of the second lens close to the exit side is concave; the surface of the fifth lens close to the incident side is convex; among them, at least three surfaces among the surface of the first lens close to the incident side to the surface of the fourth lens close to the exit side are concave; the effective focal length f of the optical camera lens and the entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical camera lens satisfy: f / EPD < 1.3.

[0069] By restricting the ratio between the effective focal length f of the optical camera lens and the entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical camera lens within a reasonable range, on the basis of ensuring a large image plane, reducing the deflection angle of the incident light, continuously increasing the relative aperture of the optical camera lens, so as to achieve the characteristic of super large aperture, and at the same time obtaining more light transmission, in order to improve the imaging effect in the dark state environment and improve the imaging effect of the large aperture system.

[0070] In this embodiment, the combined focal length f1234 of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fourth lens, the effective focal length f1 of the first lens and the effective focal length f3 of the third lens satisfy: 0 < f1234 / (f1 - f3) < 1.0. Satisfying this conditional formula is beneficial to reasonably distribute the focal lengths of the first four lenses, and can achieve the effects of increasing the light transmission and improving the imaging quality. Preferably, 0.2 < f1234 / (f1 - f3) < 0.8.

[0071] In this embodiment, the effective focal length f of the optical camera lens and the effective focal length f8 of the eighth lens satisfy: -1.0 < f8 / f < 0. Meeting this conditional formula is conducive to improving the imaging effect of the close view. Preferably, -0.9 < f8 / f < -0.7.

[0072] In this embodiment, the maximum value Namax of the refractive indices among the first lens to the fourth lens and the second largest value Nbmax of the refractive indices among the fifth lens to the eighth lens satisfy: (Namax + Nbmax) / 2 > 1.6. Meeting this conditional formula aims to improve the aberration and enhance the imaging effect by reasonably distributing the refractive indices of the system. Preferably, 1.6 < (Namax + Nbmax) / 2 < 1.7.

[0073] In this embodiment, the maximum value Vamax of the dispersion coefficients among the first lens to the fourth lens and the second largest value Vbmin of the dispersion coefficients among the fifth lens to the eighth lens satisfy: 5.0 < Vamax - Vbmin < 30.0. Such a setting aims to improve the chromatic aberration and enhance the imaging effect by reasonably distributing the dispersion coefficients of the system. Preferably, 9.3 < Vamax - Vbmin < 25.7.

[0074] In this embodiment, the combined focal length f45 of the fourth lens and the fifth lens and the combined focal length f678 of the sixth lens, the seventh lens, and the eighth lens satisfy: -1.0 < f678 / f45 < 0. Meeting this conditional formula is conducive to reducing the light deflection angle caused by the increase in the relative aperture, weakening the sensitivity of the system, enhancing the imaging quality effect, and simultaneously enhancing the imaging effect of the close view. Preferably, -0.7 < f678 / f45 < -0.4.

[0075] In this embodiment, the effective focal length f1 of the first lens, the effective focal length f5 of the fifth lens, and the effective focal length f7 of the seventh lens satisfy: 0 < (f5 + f7) / f1 < 1.0. Meeting this conditional formula can achieve the effects of increasing the light transmission amount, reducing the light deflection angle caused by the increase in the relative aperture, weakening the sensitivity of the system, and enhancing the imaging quality. Preferably, 0.1 < (f5 + f7) / f1 < 0.6.

[0076] In this embodiment, the radius of curvature R7 of the surface of the fourth lens close to the incident side, the radius of curvature R8 of the surface of the fourth lens close to the exit side, and the effective focal length f4 of the fourth lens satisfy: -1.0 < (R7 + R8) / f4 < 0. Meeting this conditional formula has the effects of reducing aberration and enhancing the imaging quality in a large aperture, and simultaneously weakening the reflection ghost image inside the fourth lens. Preferably, -0.8 < (R7 + R8) / f4 < -0.4.

[0077] In this embodiment, the following relationship is satisfied among the radius of curvature R15 of the surface of the eighth lens near the incident side, the radius of curvature R16 of the surface of the eighth lens near the exit side, and the maximum effective radius DT82 of the surface of the eighth lens near the exit side: -1.0 < DT82 / (R15 + R16) < 0. Satisfying this conditional expression is conducive to increasing the image plane while ensuring the miniaturization of the system and improving the near-view performance. Preferably, -1.0 < DT82 / (R15 + R16) < -0.4.

[0078] In this embodiment, the following relationship is satisfied between the central thickness CT1 of the first lens on the optical axis and the edge thickness ET1 of the first lens: 0.5 < CT1 / ET1 < 1.5. Satisfying this conditional expression is conducive to the size of the first lens and ensures the processing characteristics of the first lens. Preferably, 0.9 < CT1 / ET1 < 1.1.

[0079] In this embodiment, the following relationship is satisfied between the edge thickness ET7 of the seventh lens and the edge thickness ET8 of the eighth lens: 0.5 < ET7 / ET8 < 1.5. Satisfying this conditional expression is conducive to the processing characteristics of the seventh lens and the eighth lens and ensures the stability of the lenses during the assembly process. Preferably, 0.6 < ET7 / ET8 < 1.0.

[0080] In this embodiment, the following relationship is satisfied among the central thickness CT3 of the third lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT4 of the fourth lens on the optical axis, the edge thickness ET3 of the third lens, and the edge thickness ET4 of the fourth lens: 0.5 < (ET3 + ET4) / (CT3 + CT4) < 1.0. Satisfying this conditional expression is conducive to reasonably utilizing the space of the system on the basis of increasing the aperture and miniaturization and ensures the processing characteristics of the lenses. Preferably, 0.6 < (ET3 + ET4) / (CT3 + CT4) < 0.8.

[0081] In this embodiment, the following relationship is satisfied between the radius of curvature R3 of the surface of the second lens near the incident side and the radius of curvature R6 of the surface of the third lens near the exit side: -1.0 < R3 / R6 < 0. Satisfying this conditional expression is conducive to converging the light passing through, reducing the light deflection angles of the second lens and the third lens in the large-aperture state, and improving the sensitivity of the system. Preferably, -0.6 < R3 / R6 < -0.2.

[0082] In this embodiment, the following conditions are satisfied among the radius of curvature R1 of the surface of the first lens close to the incident side, the radius of curvature R2 of the surface of the first lens close to the exit side, the radius of curvature R9 of the surface of the fifth lens close to the incident side, and the radius of curvature R10 of the surface of the fifth lens close to the exit side: -1.0 < (R1 + R2) / (R9 + R10) < 0. Satisfying this conditional formula is beneficial to reducing the deflection angle of light during the process of increasing the light passing aperture, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing sensitivity and converging the light flux. Preferably, -0.7 < (R1 + R2) / (R9 + R10) < -0.1.

[0083] In this embodiment, the following conditions are satisfied among the radius of curvature R11 of the surface of the sixth lens close to the incident side, the radius of curvature R12 of the surface of the sixth lens close to the exit side, the radius of curvature R13 of the surface of the seventh lens close to the incident side, and the radius of curvature R14 of the surface of the seventh lens close to the exit side: 0 < (R11 + R12) / (R13 - R14) < 1.5. Satisfying this conditional formula is beneficial to the shape control of the lens and is also beneficial to controlling the amount of air gap to obtain the processing characteristics of the lens. Preferably, 0.1 < (R11 + R12) / (R13 - R14) < 1.1.

[0084] In this embodiment, the following conditions are satisfied among the central thickness CT5 of the fifth lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT6 of the sixth lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT7 of the seventh lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT8 of the eighth lens on the optical axis, and the sum ∑AT of the air gaps on the optical axis between adjacent two of the first to eighth lenses: 1.0 < (CT5 + CT6 + CT7 + CT8) / ΣAT < 1.5. Satisfying this conditional formula is beneficial to ensuring the processing and assembly characteristics of the system by reasonably distributing the lens thickness and the air gap. Preferably, 1.1 < (CT5 + CT6 + CT7 + CT8) / ΣAT < 1.3.

[0085] In this embodiment, the first lens has a positive optical power, the surface of the first lens close to the incident side is concave, and the surface of the first lens close to the exit side is convex; the second lens has a positive optical power, and the surface of the second lens close to the incident side is convex. With such a setting, on the basis of increasing the light passing aperture, the deflection angle of light is slowed down and the sensitivity is reduced.

[0086] In this embodiment, the third lens has a positive optical power, and the surface of the third lens close to the exit side is convex; the fourth lens has a negative optical power, the surface of the fourth lens close to the incident side is convex, and the surface of the fourth lens close to the exit side is concave; the fifth lens has a positive optical power, the surface of the fifth lens close to the incident side is convex, and the surface of the fifth lens close to the exit side is convex. In this way, under the condition of a large aperture, the light deflection is improved, the aberration is reduced, and the imaging quality is improved.

[0087] In this embodiment, the sixth lens has a negative optical power, and the surface of the sixth lens close to the exit side is a concave surface; the seventh lens has a positive optical power, and the surface of the seventh lens close to the entrance side is a convex surface; the eighth lens has a negative optical power, the surface of the eighth lens close to the entrance side is a concave surface, and the surface of the eighth lens close to the exit side is a concave surface. By reasonably distributing the optical power and surface shape of each lens, it is beneficial to improve the imaging quality of the near scene.

[0088] Embodiment 2

[0089] As Figures 1 to 24 shown, the optical camera lens sequentially includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, and an eighth lens along the optical axis from the light incident side to the light exit side; the surface of the second lens close to the exit side is a concave surface; the surface of the fifth lens close to the entrance side is a convex surface; wherein, at least three surfaces among the surfaces of the first lens close to the entrance side to the fourth lens close to the exit side are concave surfaces; the maximum value Namax of the refractive indices among the first lens to the fourth lens and the second largest value Nbmax of the refractive indices among the fifth lens to the eighth lens satisfy: (Namax + Nbmax) / 2 > 1.6.

[0090] Preferably, 1.6 < (Namax + Nbmax) / 2 < 1.7.

[0091] On the basis of ensuring a large image plane, the optical camera lens of the present application reduces the deflection angle of the incident light, continuously increases the relative aperture of the optical camera lens to achieve the characteristic of an ultra-large aperture, and at the same time obtains more light transmission, so as to improve the imaging effect in a dark environment, improve the imaging effect of a large-aperture system, and at the same time can meet miniaturization. By constraining the relationship between the maximum value Namax of the refractive indices among the first lens to the fourth lens and the second largest value Nbmax of the refractive indices among the fifth lens to the eighth lens within a reasonable range, it is beneficial to reasonably distribute the refractive index of the system to achieve the purpose of improving aberration and enhancing the imaging effect.

[0092] In this embodiment, the effective focal length f of the optical camera lens and the entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical camera lens satisfy: f / EPD < 1.3. By constraining the ratio between the effective focal length f of the optical camera lens and the entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical camera lens within a reasonable range, on the basis of ensuring a large image plane, the deflection angle of the incident light is reduced, the relative aperture of the optical camera lens is continuously increased to achieve the characteristic of an ultra-large aperture, and at the same time more light transmission is obtained, so as to improve the imaging effect in a dark environment and improve the imaging effect of a large-aperture system.

[0093] In this embodiment, the combined focal length f1234 of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, and the fourth lens, the effective focal length f1 of the first lens, and the effective focal length f3 of the third lens satisfy: 0 < f1234 / (f1 - f3) < 1.0. Satisfying this conditional formula is conducive to reasonably distributing the focal lengths of the first four lenses, and can achieve the effects of increasing the light transmission amount and improving the imaging quality. Preferably, 0.2 < f1234 / (f1 - f3) < 0.8.

[0094] In this embodiment, the effective focal length f of the optical imaging lens and the effective focal length f8 of the eighth lens satisfy: -1.0 < f8 / f < 0. Satisfying this conditional formula is conducive to improving the near-view imaging effect. Preferably, -0.9 < f8 / f < -0.7.

[0095] In this embodiment, the maximum value Vamax of the dispersion coefficients among the first lens to the fourth lens and the second largest value Vbmin of the dispersion coefficients among the fifth lens to the eighth lens satisfy: 5.0 < Vamax - Vbmin < 30.0. Such a setting aims to improve chromatic aberration and enhance the imaging effect by reasonably distributing the dispersion coefficients of the system. Preferably, 9.3 < Vamax - Vbmin < 25.7.

[0096] In this embodiment, the combined focal length f45 of the fourth lens and the fifth lens and the combined focal length f678 of the sixth lens, the seventh lens, and the eighth lens satisfy: -1.0 < f678 / f45 < 0. Satisfying this conditional formula is conducive to reducing the light deflection angle caused by the increase in the relative aperture, weakening the sensitivity of the system, and improving the imaging quality, while also improving the near-view imaging effect. Preferably, -0.7 < f678 / f45 < -0.4.

[0097] In this embodiment, the effective focal length f1 of the first lens, the effective focal length f5 of the fifth lens, and the effective focal length f7 of the seventh lens satisfy: 0 < (f5 + f7) / f1 < 1.0. Satisfying this conditional formula can achieve the effects of increasing the light transmission amount, reducing the light deflection angle caused by the increase in the relative aperture, weakening the sensitivity of the system, and improving the imaging quality. Preferably, 0.1 < (f5 + f7) / f1 < 0.6.

[0098] In this embodiment, the radius of curvature R7 of the surface of the fourth lens close to the incident side, the radius of curvature R8 of the surface of the fourth lens close to the exit side, and the effective focal length f4 of the fourth lens satisfy: -1.0 < (R7 + R8) / f4 < 0. Satisfying this conditional formula has the effects of reducing aberration and improving the imaging quality in a large aperture, while also weakening the reflection ghost image inside the fourth lens. Preferably, -0.8 < (R7 + R8) / f4 < -0.4.

[0099] In this embodiment, the following relationship is satisfied among the radius of curvature R15 of the surface of the eighth lens close to the incident side, the radius of curvature R16 of the surface of the eighth lens close to the exit side, and the maximum effective radius DT82 of the surface of the eighth lens close to the exit side: -1.0 < DT82 / (R15 + R16) < 0. Meeting this conditional formula is beneficial to increasing the image plane while ensuring the miniaturization of the system and improving the near-view performance. Preferably, -1.0 < DT82 / (R15 + R16) < -0.4.

[0100] In this embodiment, the following relationship is satisfied between the central thickness CT1 of the first lens on the optical axis and the edge thickness ET1 of the first lens: 0.5 < CT1 / ET1 < 1.5. Meeting this conditional formula is beneficial to the size of the first lens and ensures the processing characteristics of the first lens. Preferably, 0.9 < CT1 / ET1 < 1.1.

[0101] In this embodiment, the following relationship is satisfied between the edge thickness ET7 of the seventh lens and the edge thickness ET8 of the eighth lens: 0.5 < ET7 / ET8 < 1.5. Meeting this conditional formula is beneficial to the processing characteristics of the seventh lens and the eighth lens and ensures the stability of the lenses during the assembly process. Preferably, 0.6 < ET7 / ET8 < 1.0.

[0102] In this embodiment, the following relationship is satisfied among the central thickness CT3 of the third lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT4 of the fourth lens on the optical axis, the edge thickness ET3 of the third lens, and the edge thickness ET4 of the fourth lens: 0.5 < (ET3 + ET4) / (CT3 + CT4) < 1.0. Meeting this conditional formula is beneficial to reasonably utilizing the space of the system on the basis of increasing the aperture and miniaturization and ensures the processing characteristics of the lenses. Preferably, 0.6 < (ET3 + ET4) / (CT3 + CT4) < 0.8.

[0103] In this embodiment, the following relationship is satisfied between the radius of curvature R3 of the surface of the second lens close to the incident side and the radius of curvature R6 of the surface of the third lens close to the exit side: -1.0 < R3 / R6 < 0. Meeting this conditional formula is beneficial to converging the light passing through, reducing the light deflection angles of the second lens and the third lens in the large-aperture state, and improving the sensitivity of the system. Preferably, -0.6 < R3 / R6 < -0.2.

[0104] In this embodiment, the following conditions are satisfied among the radius of curvature R1 of the surface of the first lens close to the incident side, the radius of curvature R2 of the surface of the first lens close to the exit side, the radius of curvature R9 of the surface of the fifth lens close to the incident side, and the radius of curvature R10 of the surface of the fifth lens close to the exit side: -1.0 < (R1 + R2) / (R9 + R10) < 0. Satisfying this conditional expression is beneficial to reducing the deflection angle of light during the process of increasing the light passing aperture, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing sensitivity and converging the light flux. Preferably, -0.7 < (R1 + R2) / (R9 + R10) < -0.1.

[0105] In this embodiment, the following conditions are satisfied among the radius of curvature R11 of the surface of the sixth lens close to the incident side, the radius of curvature R12 of the surface of the sixth lens close to the exit side, the radius of curvature R13 of the surface of the seventh lens close to the incident side, and the radius of curvature R14 of the surface of the seventh lens close to the exit side: 0 < (R11 + R12) / (R13 - R14) < 1.5. Satisfying this conditional expression is beneficial to the shape control of the lens and is also beneficial to controlling the amount of air gap to obtain the processing characteristics of the lens. Preferably, 0.1 < (R11 + R12) / (R13 - R14) < 1.1.

[0106] In this embodiment, the following conditions are satisfied among the central thickness CT5 of the fifth lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT6 of the sixth lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT7 of the seventh lens on the optical axis, the central thickness CT8 of the eighth lens on the optical axis, and the sum ∑AT of the air gaps on the optical axis between adjacent two of the first lens to the eighth lens: 1.0 < (CT5 + CT6 + CT7 + CT8) / ΣAT < 1.5. Satisfying this conditional expression is beneficial to ensuring the processing and assembly characteristics of the system by reasonably distributing the lens thickness and the air gap. Preferably, 1.1 < (CT5 + CT6 + CT7 + CT8) / ΣAT < 1.3.

[0107] In this embodiment, the first lens has a positive optical power. The surface of the first lens close to the incident side is concave, and the surface of the first lens close to the exit side is convex; the second lens has a positive optical power, and the surface of the second lens close to the incident side is convex. With such a setting, on the basis of increasing the light passing aperture, the deflection angle of light is slowed down and the sensitivity is reduced.

[0108] In this embodiment, the third lens has a positive optical power, and the surface of the third lens close to the exit side is convex; the fourth lens has a negative optical power, the surface of the fourth lens close to the incident side is convex, and the surface of the fourth lens close to the exit side is concave; the fifth lens has a positive optical power, the surface of the fifth lens close to the incident side is convex, and the surface of the fifth lens close to the exit side is convex. In this way, under the condition of a large aperture, the light deflection is improved, the aberration is reduced, and the imaging quality is improved.

[0109] In this embodiment, the sixth lens has a negative optical power, and the surface of the sixth lens near the exit side is a concave surface; the seventh lens has a positive optical power, and the surface of the seventh lens near the entrance side is a convex surface; the eighth lens has a negative optical power, the surface of the eighth lens near the entrance side is a concave surface, and the surface of the eighth lens near the exit side is a concave surface. By reasonably distributing the optical power and surface shape of each lens, it is beneficial to improve the imaging quality of the near scene.

[0110] Optionally, the above optical imaging lens may further include a filter for correcting color deviation or a protective glass for protecting the photosensitive element located on the imaging surface.

[0111] The optical imaging lens in the present application may employ multiple lenses, such as the eight lenses described above. By reasonably distributing the optical power, surface shape, central thickness of each lens, and the on-axis distance between each lens, etc., the aperture of the optical imaging lens can be effectively increased, the sensitivity of the lens can be reduced, and the processability of the lens can be improved, making the optical imaging lens more conducive to production and processing and applicable to portable electronic devices such as smart phones. The left side is the light incident side, and the right side is the light exit side.

[0112] In the present application, at least one of the lens surfaces of each lens is an aspherical surface. The characteristics of an aspherical lens are that the curvature changes continuously from the center of the lens to the periphery of the lens. Different from a spherical lens with a constant curvature from the center of the lens to the periphery of the lens, an aspherical lens has better curvature radius characteristics and has the advantages of improving distortion aberration and astigmatism aberration. After using an aspherical lens, it is possible to eliminate the aberration that appears during imaging as much as possible, thereby improving the imaging quality.

[0113] However, those skilled in the art should understand that without departing from the technical solutions claimed in the present application, the number of lenses constituting the optical imaging lens can be changed to obtain the various results and advantages described in this specification. For example, although the example of eight lenses is described in the embodiment, the optical imaging lens is not limited to including eight lenses. If necessary, the optical imaging lens may further include other numbers of lenses.

[0114] Next, with reference to the accompanying drawings, specific examples of the surface shape and parameters of the optical imaging lens applicable to the above embodiments will be further described.

[0115] It should be noted that any one of the following Examples 1 to 6 is applicable to all embodiments of the present application.

[0116] Example 1

[0117] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, the optical imaging lens of Example 1 of the present application is described. Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the structure of the optical imaging lens of Example 1 is shown.

[0118] As shown Figure 1 in the figure, the optical camera lens sequentially includes, from the light incident side to the light exit side: a first lens E1, a second lens E2, a third lens E3, a fourth lens E4, a fifth lens E5, a sixth lens E6, a seventh lens E7, an eighth lens E8, a filter E9, and an imaging surface S19.

[0119] The first lens E1 has a positive optical power. The surface S1 of the first lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S2 of the first lens near the exit side is convex. The second lens E2 has a positive optical power. The surface S3 of the second lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S4 of the second lens near the exit side is concave. The third lens E3 has a positive optical power. The surface S5 of the third lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S6 of the third lens near the exit side is convex. The fourth lens E4 has a negative optical power. The surface S7 of the fourth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S8 of the fourth lens near the exit side is concave. The fifth lens E5 has a positive optical power. The surface S9 of the fifth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S10 of the fifth lens near the exit side is convex. The sixth lens E6 has a negative optical power. The surface S11 of the sixth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S12 of the sixth lens near the exit side is concave. The seventh lens E7 has a positive optical power. The surface S13 of the seventh lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S14 of the seventh lens near the exit side is convex. The eighth lens E8 has a negative optical power. The surface S15 of the eighth lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S16 of the eighth lens near the exit side is concave. The filter E9 has a surface S17 near the incident side of the filter and a surface S18 near the exit side of the filter. Light from an object sequentially passes through the surfaces S1 to S18 and finally forms an image on the imaging surface S19.

[0120] In this example, the total effective focal length f of the optical camera lens is 5.03 mm, half of the maximum field of view of the optical camera lens, Semi - FOV, is 39.5°, the total length TTL of the optical camera lens is 7.85 mm, and the image height ImgH is 4.15 mm.

[0121] Table 1 shows the basic structural parameter table of the optical camera lens in Example 1, where the units of the radius of curvature, thickness / distance, focal length, and effective radius are all millimeters (mm).

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] In Example 1, the surfaces near the incident side and the surfaces near the exit side of any one of the first lens E1 to the eighth lens E8 are aspherical surfaces. The surface profiles of the aspherical lenses can be defined by, but are not limited to, the following aspherical formula:

[0125]

[0126] Wherein, x is the sagitta, which is the distance from the vertex of the aspherical surface to the position along the optical axis at a height of h; c is the paraxial curvature of the aspherical surface, c = 1 / R (i.e., the paraxial curvature c is the reciprocal of the radius of curvature R in Table 1 above); k is the conic constant; Ai is the correction coefficient of the i-th order of the aspherical surface. Table 2 below gives the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, A10, A12, A14, A16, A18, A20, A22 for each of the aspherical mirrors S1 - S16 in Example 1.

[0127]

[0128]

[0129] Table 2

[0130] Figure 2 Shows the axial chromatic aberration curve of the optical imaging lens of Example 1, which represents the deviation of the focusing points of light rays with different wavelengths after passing through the optical imaging lens. Figure 3 Shows the astigmatism curve of the optical imaging lens of Example 1, which represents the meridional image plane curvature and the sagittal image plane curvature. Figure 4 Shows the distortion curve of the optical imaging lens of Example 1, which represents the distortion magnitude values corresponding to different field angles.

[0131] According to Figures 2 to 4 It can be seen that the optical imaging lens given in Example 1 can achieve good imaging quality.

[0132] Example 2

[0133] As Figures 5 to 8 shown, the optical imaging lens of Example 2 of the present application is described. In this example and the following examples, for the sake of brevity, some descriptions similar to those in Example 1 will be omitted. Figure 5 Shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical imaging lens of Example 2.

[0134] As Figure 5 shown, the optical imaging lens sequentially includes, from the light incident side to the light exit side: a first lens E1, a second lens E2, a third lens E3, a fourth lens E4, a fifth lens E5, a sixth lens E6, a seventh lens E7, an eighth lens E8, a filter E9, and an imaging surface S19.

[0135] The first lens E1 has a positive optical power. The surface S1 of the first lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S2 of the first lens near the exit side is convex. The second lens E2 has a positive optical power. The surface S3 of the second lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S4 of the second lens near the exit side is concave. The third lens E3 has a positive optical power. The surface S5 of the third lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S6 of the third lens near the exit side is convex. The fourth lens E4 has a negative optical power. The surface S7 of the fourth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S8 of the fourth lens near the exit side is concave. The fifth lens E5 has a positive optical power. The surface S9 of the fifth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S10 of the fifth lens near the exit side is convex. The sixth lens E6 has a negative optical power. The surface S11 of the sixth lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S12 of the sixth lens near the exit side is concave. The seventh lens E7 has a positive optical power. The surface S13 of the seventh lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S14 of the seventh lens near the exit side is convex. The eighth lens E8 has a negative optical power. The surface S15 of the eighth lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S16 of the eighth lens near the exit side is concave. The filter E9 has a surface S17 near the incident side of the filter and a surface S18 near the exit side of the filter. The light from the object sequentially passes through the surfaces S1 to S18 and finally forms an image on the imaging surface S19.

[0136] In this example, the total effective focal length f of the optical imaging lens is 5.03 mm, half of the maximum field of view angle Semi - FOV of the optical imaging lens is 39.5°, the total length TTL of the optical imaging lens is 7.85 mm, and the image height ImgH is 4.16 mm.

[0137] Table 3 shows the basic structural parameter table of the optical imaging lens in Example 2. Among them, the units of the radius of curvature, thickness / distance, focal length, and effective radius are all millimeters (mm).

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] Table 3

[0141] Table 4 shows the higher - order term coefficients that can be used for each aspherical mirror surface in Example 2. Among them, each aspherical surface type can be defined by the formula (1) given in Example 1 above.

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] Table 4

[0145] Figure 6Shows the axial chromatic aberration curve of the optical camera lens in Example 2, which represents the deviation of the focus points of light rays with different wavelengths after passing through the optical camera lens. Figure 7 Shows the astigmatism curve of the optical camera lens in Example 2, which represents the curvature of the meridional image plane and the curvature of the sagittal image plane. Figure 8 Shows the distortion curve of the optical camera lens in Example 2, which represents the distortion magnitude values corresponding to different field angles.

[0146] According to Figures 6 to 8 It can be seen that the optical camera lens given in Example 2 can achieve good imaging quality.

[0147] Example 3

[0148] As Figures 9 to 12 shown, describes the optical camera lens of Example 3 of the present application. Figure 9 Shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical camera lens in Example 3.

[0149] As Figure 9 shown, the optical camera lens sequentially includes, from the light incident side to the light exit side: a first lens E1, a second lens E2, a third lens E3, a fourth lens E4, a fifth lens E5, a sixth lens E6, a seventh lens E7, an eighth lens E8, a filter E9, and an imaging surface S19.

[0150] The first lens E1 has a positive optical power. The surface S1 of the first lens close to the incident side is a concave surface, and the surface S2 of the first lens close to the exit side is a convex surface. The second lens E2 has a positive optical power. The surface S3 of the second lens close to the incident side is a convex surface, and the surface S4 of the second lens close to the exit side is a concave surface. The third lens E3 has a positive optical power. The surface S5 of the third lens close to the incident side is a convex surface, and the surface S6 of the third lens close to the exit side is a convex surface. The fourth lens E4 has a negative optical power. The surface S7 of the fourth lens close to the incident side is a convex surface, and the surface S8 of the fourth lens close to the exit side is a concave surface. The fifth lens E5 has a positive optical power. The surface S9 of the fifth lens close to the incident side is a convex surface, and the surface S10 of the fifth lens close to the exit side is a convex surface. The sixth lens E6 has a negative optical power. The surface S11 of the sixth lens close to the incident side is a concave surface, and the surface S12 of the sixth lens close to the exit side is a concave surface. The seventh lens E7 has a positive optical power. The surface S13 of the seventh lens close to the incident side is a convex surface, and the surface S14 of the seventh lens close to the exit side is a convex surface. The eighth lens E8 has a negative optical power. The surface S15 of the eighth lens close to the incident side is a concave surface, and the surface S16 of the eighth lens close to the exit side is a concave surface. The filter E9 has a surface S17 close to the incident side of the filter and a surface S18 close to the exit side of the filter. Light from an object sequentially passes through the surfaces S1 to S18 and finally forms an image on the imaging surface S19.

[0151] In this example, the total effective focal length f of the optical camera lens is 5.03 mm, half of the maximum field of view angle of the optical camera lens Semi-FOV is 39.5°, the total length TTL of the optical camera lens is 7.85 mm, and the image height ImgH is 4.20 mm.

[0152] Table 5 shows the basic structural parameter table of the optical camera lens in Example 3. Among them, the units of the radius of curvature, thickness / distance, focal length, and effective radius are all millimeters (mm).

[0153]

[0154] Table 5

[0155] Table 6 shows the higher-order term coefficients available for each aspherical mirror surface in Example 3. Among them, each aspherical surface type can be defined by the formula (1) given in Example 1 above.

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] Table 6

[0159] Figure 10 shows the axial chromatic aberration curve of the optical camera lens in Example 3, which represents the deviation of the focusing points of light rays with different wavelengths after passing through the optical camera lens. Figure 11 shows the astigmatism curve of the optical camera lens in Example 3, which represents the meridional image plane curvature and the sagittal image plane curvature. Figure 12 shows the distortion curve of the optical camera lens in Example 3, which represents the distortion magnitude values corresponding to different field of view angles.

[0160] According to Figures 10 to 12 it can be seen that the optical camera lens given in Example 3 can achieve good imaging quality.

[0161] Example 4

[0162] As Figures 13 to 16 shown, it describes the optical camera lens of Example 4 of the present application. Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical camera lens in Example 4.

[0163] As Figure 13 shown, the optical camera lens sequentially includes, from the light incident side to the light exit side: a first lens E1, a second lens E2, a third lens E3, a fourth lens E4, a fifth lens E5, a sixth lens E6, a seventh lens E7, an eighth lens E8, a filter E9, and an imaging surface S19.

[0164] The first lens E1 has a positive optical power. The surface S1 of the first lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S2 of the first lens near the exit side is convex. The second lens E2 has a positive optical power. The surface S3 of the second lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S4 of the second lens near the exit side is concave. The third lens E3 has a positive optical power. The surface S5 of the third lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S6 of the third lens near the exit side is convex. The fourth lens E4 has a negative optical power. The surface S7 of the fourth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S8 of the fourth lens near the exit side is concave. The fifth lens E5 has a positive optical power. The surface S9 of the fifth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S10 of the fifth lens near the exit side is convex. The sixth lens E6 has a negative optical power. The surface S11 of the sixth lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S12 of the sixth lens near the exit side is concave. The seventh lens E7 has a positive optical power. The surface S13 of the seventh lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S14 of the seventh lens near the exit side is convex. The eighth lens E8 has a negative optical power. The surface S15 of the eighth lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S16 of the eighth lens near the exit side is concave. The filter E9 has a surface S17 near the incident side of the filter and a surface S18 near the exit side of the filter. Light from an object sequentially passes through the surfaces S1 to S18 and finally forms an image on the imaging surface S19.

[0165] In this example, the total effective focal length f of the optical imaging lens is 5.03 mm, half of the maximum field of view angle of the optical imaging lens, Semi - FOV, is 39.5°, the total length TTL of the optical imaging lens is 7.85 mm, and the image height ImgH is 4.23 mm.

[0166] Table 7 shows the basic structural parameter table of the optical imaging lens in Example 4. Among them, the units of the radius of curvature, thickness / distance, focal length, and effective radius are all millimeters (mm).

[0167]

[0168] Table 7

[0169] Table 8 shows the higher - order term coefficients that can be used for each aspherical mirror surface in Example 4. Among them, each aspherical surface type can be defined by the formula (1) given in Example 1 above.

[0170]

[0171]

[0172] Table 8

[0173] Figure 14Shows the axial chromatic aberration curve of the optical camera lens in Example 4, which represents the deviation of the focus points of light rays with different wavelengths after passing through the optical camera lens. Figure 15 Shows the astigmatism curve of the optical camera lens in Example 4, which represents the meridional image plane curvature and the sagittal image plane curvature. Figure 16 Shows the distortion curve of the optical camera lens in Example 4, which represents the distortion magnitude values corresponding to different field angles.

[0174] According to Figures 14 to 16 It can be seen that the optical camera lens given in Example 4 can achieve good imaging quality.

[0175] Example 5

[0176] As Figures 17 to 20 shown, describes the optical camera lens of Example 5 of the present application. Figure 17 Shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical camera lens in Example 5.

[0177] As Figure 17 shown, the optical camera lens sequentially includes, from the light incident side to the light exit side: a first lens E1, a second lens E2, a third lens E3, a fourth lens E4, a fifth lens E5, a sixth lens E6, a seventh lens E7, an eighth lens E8, a filter E9, and an imaging surface S19.

[0178] The first lens E1 has a positive optical power. The surface S1 of the first lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S2 of the first lens near the exit side is convex. The second lens E2 has a positive optical power. The surface S3 of the second lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S4 of the second lens near the exit side is concave. The third lens E3 has a positive optical power. The surface S5 of the third lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S6 of the third lens near the exit side is convex. The fourth lens E4 has a negative optical power. The surface S7 of the fourth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S8 of the fourth lens near the exit side is concave. The fifth lens E5 has a positive optical power. The surface S9 of the fifth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S10 of the fifth lens near the exit side is convex. The sixth lens E6 has a negative optical power. The surface S11 of the sixth lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S12 of the sixth lens near the exit side is concave. The seventh lens E7 has a positive optical power. The surface S13 of the seventh lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S14 of the seventh lens near the exit side is convex. The eighth lens E8 has a negative optical power. The surface S15 of the eighth lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S16 of the eighth lens near the exit side is concave. The filter E9 has a surface S17 near the incident side of the filter and a surface S18 near the exit side of the filter. Light from the object sequentially passes through the surfaces S1 to S18 and finally forms an image on the imaging surface S19.

[0179] In this example, the total effective focal length f of the optical camera lens is 5.05 mm, half of the maximum field of view angle of the optical camera lens, Semi-FOV, is 39.5°, the total length TTL of the optical camera lens is 7.87 mm, and the image height ImgH is 4.25 mm.

[0180] Table 9 shows the basic structural parameter table of the optical camera lens in Example 5, where the units of the radius of curvature, thickness / distance, focal length, and effective radius are all millimeters (mm).

[0181]

[0182] Table 9

[0183] Table 10 shows the higher-order term coefficients available for each aspherical mirror surface in Example 5, where each aspherical surface type can be defined by the formula (1) given in Example 1 above.

[0184]

[0185]

[0186] Table 10

[0187] Figure 18 shows the axial chromatic aberration curve of the optical camera lens in Example 5, which represents the deviation of the convergence points of light rays with different wavelengths after passing through the optical camera lens. Figure 19 shows the astigmatism curve of the optical camera lens in Example 5, which represents the meridional image plane curvature and the sagittal image plane curvature. Figure 20 shows the distortion curve of the optical camera lens in Example 5, which represents the distortion magnitude values corresponding to different field of view angles.

[0188] According to Figures 18 to 20 it can be seen that the optical camera lens given in Example 5 can achieve good imaging quality.

[0189] Example 6

[0190] As Figures 21 to 24 shown, the optical camera lens of Example 6 of the present application is described. Figure 21 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical camera lens in Example 6.

[0191] As Figure 21 shown, the optical camera lens sequentially includes, from the light incident side to the light exit side: a first lens E1, a second lens E2, a third lens E3, a fourth lens E4, a fifth lens E5, a sixth lens E6, a seventh lens E7, an eighth lens E8, a filter E9, and an imaging surface S19.

[0192] The first lens E1 has a positive optical power. The surface S1 of the first lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S2 of the first lens near the exit side is convex. The second lens E2 has a positive optical power. The surface S3 of the second lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S4 of the second lens near the exit side is concave. The third lens E3 has a positive optical power. The surface S5 of the third lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S6 of the third lens near the exit side is convex. The fourth lens E4 has a negative optical power. The surface S7 of the fourth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S8 of the fourth lens near the exit side is concave. The fifth lens E5 has a positive optical power. The surface S9 of the fifth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S10 of the fifth lens near the exit side is convex. The sixth lens E6 has a negative optical power. The surface S11 of the sixth lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S12 of the sixth lens near the exit side is concave. The seventh lens E7 has a positive optical power. The surface S13 of the seventh lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface S14 of the seventh lens near the exit side is convex. The eighth lens E8 has a negative optical power. The surface S15 of the eighth lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface S16 of the eighth lens near the exit side is concave. The filter E9 has a surface S17 near the incident side of the filter and a surface S18 near the exit side of the filter. Light from the object sequentially passes through the surfaces S1 to S18 and finally forms an image on the imaging surface S19.

[0193] In this example, the total effective focal length f of the optical imaging lens is 5.07 mm, half of the maximum field of view angle of the optical imaging lens, Semi-FOV, is 39.5°, the total length TTL of the optical imaging lens is 7.91 mm, and the image height ImgH is 4.27 mm.

[0194] Table 11 shows the basic structural parameter table of the optical imaging lens in Example 6, where the units of the radius of curvature, thickness / distance, focal length, and effective radius are all millimeters (mm).

[0195]

[0196] Table 11

[0197] Table 12 shows the high-order term coefficients available for each aspherical mirror surface in Example 6, where each aspherical surface type can be defined by the formula (1) given in Example 1 above.

[0198] Face number A4 A6 A8 A10 A12 S1 1.1542E+00 -2.9508E-02 1.4873E-02 -9.8498E-05 1.8316E-03 S2 8.7570E-01 -6.6638E-03 1.8340E-02 2.0285E-03 2.4601E-03 S3 -7.6364E-01 -3.6533E-02 -1.3170E-02 1.9335E-03 -1.1486E-03 S4 -1.1769E+00 -2.2820E-02 -2.1011E-02 -9.4882E-04 -9.0552E-04 S5 4.4096E-01 -1.0016E-02 1.0239E-02 -5.8949E-03 2.8299E-03 S6 1.6351E-01 -1.8583E-02 4.6932E-03 -1.6743E-03 4.5852E-04 S7 -5.1428E-01 8.1926E-03 1.0640E-02 2.0138E-03 -2.0768E-03 S8 -4.9700E-01 3.7590E-03 -5.9505E-04 2.9397E-03 -1.2153E-03 S9 2.0870E-01 1.5733E-02 -1.2250E-02 -1.8438E-03 -4.5061E-04 S10 9.3519E-01 3.2285E-02 -1.0005E-02 -8.6415E-03 -9.3849E-03 S11 3.5883E-01 5.1489E-02 -7.0055E-03 6.4687E-03 -1.1012E-02 S12 -5.1615E-01 1.4456E-01 -8.8626E-03 1.4923E-02 -9.3760E-04 S13 -1.2338E+00 -9.7090E-02 3.8816E-02 4.7719E-03 8.4578E-03 S14 -6.2382E-01 6.9168E-02 1.0496E-01 -4.8954E-02 6.0533E-04 S15 -6.7292E-01 5.4408E-01 -1.6796E-01 7.4485E-03 1.8007E-02 S16 -2.2619E+00 3.1149E-01 -1.3204E-01 4.9317E-02 -7.6968E-03 Face number A18 A20 A22 A24 A26 S1 -4.7722E-04 3.5919E-04 -6.5376E-05 1.1906E-04 0.0000E+00 S2 4.3658E-04 4.5853E-04 9.1410E-05 9.4248E-05 0.0000E+00 S3 -1.1570E-04 -1.4087E-05 -1.5175E-06 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 S4 -4.7493E-04 -1.3207E-04 -4.3979E-06 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 S5 -8.6955E-04 2.4762E-04 1.2589E-05 1.0645E-06 0.0000E+00 S6 2.3492E-04 -4.4225E-05 -1.4660E-07 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 S7 5.6472E-04 -4.7518E-05 -2.6417E-07 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 S8 3.6378E-04 -2.4262E-05 -3.2409E-06 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 S9 -3.7556E-04 9.1398E-06 -4.3764E-07 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 S10 -2.2113E-03 -1.0714E-03 -6.1609E-06 1.2012E-07 0.0000E+00 S11 -1.9276E-03 -1.5914E-03 -8.4626E-06 -5.8953E-08 0.0000E+00 S12 5.8159E-04 -2.3540E-04 -6.8249E-06 -2.6719E-07 0.0000E+00 S13 1.9870E-03 9.0318E-04 1.8300E-05 7.1819E-07 0.0000E+00 S14 -1.4381E-03 1.6781E-03 2.8735E-05 6.8257E-07 0.0000E+00 S15 -7.5945E-03 1.2265E-03 4.7372E-05 2.5913E-06 1.4389E-07 S16 1.8615E-03 2.3035E-03 4.9936E-05 2.5862E-06 0.0000E+00

[0199] Table 12

[0200] Figure 22 shows the axial chromatic aberration curve of the optical imaging lens in Example 6, which represents the deviation of the convergence points of light rays of different wavelengths after passing through the optical imaging lens. Figure 23The astigmatism curve of the optical imaging lens of Example 6 is shown, which represents the curvature of the meridional image plane and the curvature of the sagittal image plane. Figure 24 The distortion curve of the optical imaging lens of Example 6 is shown, which represents the distortion magnitude values corresponding to different field angles of view.

[0201] According to Figures 22 to 24 it can be seen that the optical imaging lens given in Example 6 can achieve good imaging quality.

[0202] In summary, Examples 1 to 6 respectively satisfy the relationships shown in Table 13.

[0203] Conditional expression / Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 f1234 / (f1 - f3) 0.21 0.35 0.44 0.68 0.71 0.74 f8 / f -0.81 -0.78 -0.78 -0.82 -0.84 -0.86 (Namax + Nbmax) / 2 1.63 1.67 1.66 1.66 1.65 1.65 Vamax - Vbmin 25.57 9.35 10.15 10.09 11.00 11.00 f678 / f45 -0.45 -0.58 -0.59 -0.59 -0.62 -0.63 (f5 + f7) / f1 0.19 0.33 0.38 0.56 0.56 0.55 (R7 + R8) / f4 -0.73 -0.56 -0.57 -0.54 -0.48 -0.47 DT82 / (R15 + R16) -0.43 -0.99 -0.90 -0.73 -0.66 -0.86 CT1 / ET1 0.95 1.03 1.03 1.05 1.04 1.05 ET7 / ET8 0.95 0.67 0.63 0.63 0.62 0.69 (ET3 + ET4) / (CT3 + CT4) 0.75 0.66 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.65 R3 / R6 -0.52 -0.27 -0.28 -0.28 -0.26 -0.25 (R1 + R2) / (R9 + R10) -0.16 -0.65 -0.55 -0.47 -0.48 -0.47 (R11 + R12) / (R13 - R14) 1.04 0.49 0.66 0.67 0.40 0.18 (CT5 + CT6 + CT7 + CT8) / ΣAT 1.21 1.18 1.23 1.17 1.14 1.12

[0204] Table 13

[0205] Table 14 gives the effective focal length f of the optical imaging lenses of Examples 1 to 6, the effective focal lengths f1 to f8 of each lens, etc.

[0206] Parameter / Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 f1 (mm) 56.81 31.55 27.20 20.17 19.75 19.69 f2 (mm) 7.60 25.29 27.15 54.14 85.65 72.79 f3 (mm) 15.50 8.22 8.33 8.13 8.12 8.42 f4 (mm) -7.83 -11.19 -10.66 -11.16 -12.01 -12.09 f5 (mm) 5.34 4.56 4.47 4.44 4.34 4.38 f6 (mm) -7.60 -5.91 -6.37 -6.72 -6.10 -5.94 f7 (mm) 5.52 5.79 6.00 6.83 6.70 6.50 f8 (mm) -4.08 -3.94 -3.92 -4.11 -4.25 -4.35 f (mm) 5.03 5.03 5.03 5.03 5.05 5.07 TTL (mm) 7.85 7.85 7.85 7.85 7.87 7.91 ImgH (mm) 4.15 4.16 4.20 4.23 4.25 4.27 Semi - FOV (°) 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 f / EPD 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.20 1.20

[0207] Table 14

[0208] This application also provides an imaging device, and its electronic photosensitive element can be a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor element (CMOS). The imaging device can be an independent imaging device such as a digital camera, or an imaging module integrated on a mobile electronic device such as a mobile phone. The imaging device is equipped with the optical imaging lens described above.

[0209] Obviously, the above-described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0210] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0211] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and the above-mentioned drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of this application described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here.

[0212] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical imaging lens, characterized in that, The optical camera lens consists of eight lenses, and the eight lenses include, in order from the light incident side to the light exit side along the optical axis: The first lens; The second lens; The third lens; The fourth lens; The fifth lens; The sixth lens; The seventh lens; The eighth lens; The first lens has a positive optical power. The surface of the first lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface of the first lens near the exit side is convex. The second lens has a positive optical power. The surface of the second lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface of the second lens near the exit side is concave. The third lens has a positive optical power, and the surface of the third lens near the exit side is convex. The fourth lens has a negative optical power. The surface of the fourth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface of the fourth lens near the exit side is concave. The fifth lens has a positive optical power. The surface of the fifth lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface of the fifth lens near the exit side is convex. The sixth lens has a negative optical power, and the surface of the sixth lens near the exit side is concave. The seventh lens has a positive optical power. The surface of the seventh lens near the incident side is convex, and the surface of the seventh lens near the exit side is convex. The eighth lens has a negative optical power. The surface of the eighth lens near the incident side is concave, and the surface of the eighth lens near the exit side is concave. Among them, at least three surfaces from the surface of the first lens near the incident side to the surface of the fourth lens near the exit side are concave. The following condition is satisfied between the maximum refractive index Namax among the first lens to the fourth lens and the second largest refractive index Nbmax among the fifth lens to the eighth lens: 1.67 ≥ (Namax + Nbmax) / 2 > 1.

6.

2. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, characterized in that The following condition is satisfied between the effective focal length f of the optical camera lens and the entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical camera lens: 1.19 ≤ f / EPD ≤ 1.

20. The following condition is satisfied between the combined focal length f1234 of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, and the fourth lens, the effective focal length f1 of the first lens, and the effective focal length f3 of the third lens: 0.21 ≤ f1234 / (f1 - f3) ≤ 0.

74.

3. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein, The following condition is satisfied between the effective focal length f of the optical camera lens and the effective focal length f8 of the eighth lens: -0.86 ≤ f8 / f ≤ -0.

78.

4. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein The following condition is satisfied between the maximum Abbe number Vamax among the first lens to the fourth lens and the second smallest Abbe number Vbmin among the fifth lens to the eighth lens: 9.35 ≤ Vamax - Vbmin ≤ 25.

57.

5. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The following condition is satisfied between the combined focal length f45 of the fourth lens and the fifth lens and the combined focal length f678 of the sixth lens, the seventh lens, and the eighth lens: -0.63 ≤ f678 / f45 ≤ -0.

45.

6. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein The following condition is satisfied between the effective focal length f1 of the first lens, the effective focal length f5 of the fifth lens, and the effective focal length f7 of the seventh lens: 0.19 ≤ (f5 + f7) / f1 ≤ 0.

56.

7. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein The curvature radius R7 of the surface of the fourth lens near the incident side, the curvature radius R8 of the surface of the fourth lens near the exit side, and the effective focal length f4 of the fourth lens satisfy: -0.73 ≤ (R7 + R8) / f4 ≤ -0.

47.

8. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein The curvature radius R15 of the surface of the eighth lens near the incident side, the curvature radius R16 of the surface of the eighth lens near the exit side, and the maximum effective radius DT82 of the surface of the eighth lens near the exit side satisfy: -1.0 < DT82 / (R15 + R16) ≤ -0.

43.

9. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein, The center thickness CT1 of the first lens on the optical axis and the edge thickness ET1 of the first lens satisfy: 0.95 ≤ CT1 / ET1 ≤ 1.

05.

10. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein, The edge thickness ET7 of the seventh lens and the edge thickness ET8 of the eighth lens satisfy: 0.62 ≤ ET7 / ET8 ≤ 0.

95.

11. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The center thickness CT3 of the third lens on the optical axis, the center thickness CT4 of the fourth lens on the optical axis, the edge thickness ET3 of the third lens, and the edge thickness ET4 of the fourth lens satisfy: 0.65 ≤ (ET3 + ET4) / (CT3 + CT4) ≤ 0.

75.

12. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein The curvature radius R3 of the surface of the second lens near the incident side and the curvature radius R6 of the surface of the third lens near the exit side satisfy: -0.52 ≤ R3 / R6 ≤ -0.

25.

13. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein The curvature radius R1 of the surface of the first lens near the incident side, the curvature radius R2 of the surface of the first lens near the exit side, the curvature radius R9 of the surface of the fifth lens near the incident side, and the curvature radius R10 of the surface of the fifth lens near the exit side satisfy: -0.65 ≤ (R1 + R2) / (R9 + R10) ≤ -0.

16.

14. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein The curvature radius R11 of the surface of the sixth lens near the incident side, the curvature radius R12 of the surface of the sixth lens near the exit side, the curvature radius R13 of the surface of the seventh lens near the incident side, and the curvature radius R14 of the surface of the seventh lens near the exit side satisfy: 0.18 ≤ (R11 + R12) / (R13 - R14) ≤ 1.

04.

15. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The center thickness CT5 of the fifth lens on the optical axis, the center thickness CT6 of the sixth lens on the optical axis, the center thickness CT7 of the seventh lens on the optical axis, the center thickness CT8 of the eighth lens on the optical axis, and the sum ∑AT of the air gaps on the optical axis between adjacent two lenses among the first lens to the eighth lens satisfy: 1.12 ≤ (CT5 + CT6 + CT7 + CT8) / ΣAT ≤ 1.23.

Images