jaws for surgical instrument end effectors

Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus comprising a body, a shaft assembly extending distally from the body, and an end effector configured to grasp tissue and transmit RF energy to the tissue. The end effector includes a first jaw and a second jaw, the first jaw having a first tissue grasping feature. The second jaw is pivotally coupled to the first jaw between an open position, a partially closed position, and a closed position. The second jaw includes a proximal cone having a proximal electrode surface, a distal cone having a distal electrode surface, and a junction between the proximal and distal electrode surfaces. When the second jaw is in the partially closed position, the junction is spaced further from the first tissue grasping feature than the proximal and distal ends. The proximal and distal electrode surfaces deform in the closed position to define a gap with the first tissue grasping feature.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] Various surgical instruments include tissue-cutting elements and one or more elements that deliver radio frequency (RF) energy to tissue (e.g., to coagulate or seal tissue). An example of such electrosurgical instruments is the one manufactured by Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. (Cincinnati, Ohio). Tissue sealing device. Other examples and related concepts of such devices are disclosed in the following documents: U.S. Patent 6,500,176, entitled "Electrosurgical Systems and Techniques for Sealing Tissue," published December 31, 2002, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 7,112,201, entitled "Electrosurgical Instrument and Method of Use," published September 26, 2006, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 7,125,409, entitled "Electrosurgical Working End for Controlled Energy Delivery," published October 24, 2006, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 7,169,146, entitled "Electrosurgical Probe and Method of Use," published January 30, 2007, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; and U.S. Patent 7,169,146, entitled "Electrosurgical Jaw Structure for Controlled Energy Delivery," published March 6, 2007. The disclosures of U.S. Patent 7,186,253 entitled "Electrosurgical Instrument," published on March 13, 2007, are incorporated herein by reference; the disclosures of U.S. Patent 7,189,233 entitled "Electrosurgical Instrument," published on May 22, 2007, are incorporated herein by reference; the disclosures of U.S. Patent 7,220,951 entitled "Surgical Sealing Surfaces and Methods of Use," published on May 22, 2007, are incorporated herein by reference; the disclosures of U.S. Patent 7,309,849 entitled "Polymer Compositions Exhibiting a PTC Property and Methods of Fabrication," published on December 18, 2007, are incorporated herein by reference; and the disclosures of U.S. Patent 7,309,849 entitled "Electrosurgical Instrument and Method of..." published on December 25, 2007, are incorporated herein by reference. The disclosure of U.S. Patent 7,311,709 entitled “Electrosurgical Instrument and Method of Use” is incorporated herein by reference; the disclosure of U.S. Patent 7,354,440 entitled “Electrosurgical Instrument and Method of Use”, published on April 8, 2008, is incorporated herein by reference.U.S. Patent 7,381,209, entitled "Electrosurgical Instrument," published on June 3, 2008, is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] Other examples and related concepts of electrosurgical cutting instruments are disclosed in the following documents: U.S. Patent 8,939,974, entitled "Surgical Instrument Comprising First and Second Drive Systems Actuatable by a Common Trigger Mechanism," published January 27, 2015, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 8,888,809, entitled "Surgical Instrument with Jaw Member," published November 18, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 9,161,803, entitled "Motor Driven Electrosurgical Device with Mechanical and Electrical Feedback," published October 20, 2015, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 9,887,720, entitled "Control Features for Articulating Surgical Device," published January 30, 2018, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; and U.S. Patent 9,887,720, entitled "Articulation Joint Features for...", published August 2, 2016. U.S. Patent 9,402,682, entitled “Articulating Surgical Device,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 9,089,327, entitled “Surgical Instrument with Multi-Phase TriggerBias,” published on July 28, 2015, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; and U.S. Patent 9,545,253, entitled “Surgical Instrument with Contained Dual Helix Actuator Assembly,” published on January 17, 2017, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] Other examples and related concepts of electrosurgical cutting instruments are disclosed in the following documents: U.S. Patent 9,526,565 entitled “Electrosurgical Devices,” published December 27, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 9,492,224 entitled “Multi-Function Bi-Polar Forceps,” published November 15, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; and U.S. Patent 10,292,758 entitled “Methods and Devices for Articulating Laparoscopic Energy Device,” published May 21, 2019, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0004] Although various surgical instruments have been manufactured and used, it is believed that no one prior to the inventors had manufactured or used the invention described in the appended claims. Attached Figure Description

[0005] Although this specification provides for claims that specifically point out and expressly declare such technology, it is believed that such technology will be better understood from certain examples described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein similar reference numerals indicate the same elements, and wherein:

[0006] Figure 1 A perspective view of an exemplary electrosurgical instrument is shown;

[0007] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 Perspective view of an exemplary joint motion component and end effector of an electrosurgical instrument;

[0008] Figure 3A It shows along Figure 2 The line 3-3 was cut Figure 2 A cross-sectional side view of an end effector, wherein the end effector is in the open and unfired state;

[0009] Figure 3B It shows along Figure 2 The line 3-3 was cut Figure 2 A cross-sectional side view of an end effector, wherein the end effector is in a closed and unfired state;

[0010] Figure 3C It shows along Figure 2 The line 3-3 was cut Figure 2 A cross-sectional side view of an end effector, wherein the end effector is in the closed and fired state;

[0011] Figure 4A perspective view of an alternative exemplary end effector is shown;

[0012] Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 A perspective view of the upper jaw of the end effector;

[0013] Figure 6 It shows Figure 4 A perspective view of the lower jaw of the end effector;

[0014] Figure 7 It shows Figure 5 Elevation side view of the upper jaw;

[0015] Figure 8A It shows that it is in the open state. Figure 4 Elevation side view of the end effector;

[0016] Figure 8B It shows a partially closed state. Figure 4 Elevation side view of the end effector;

[0017] Figure 8C It shows the fully closed state. Figure 4 Elevation side view of the end effector;

[0018] Figure 9A It shows a partially closed state. Figure 4 A cross-sectional side view of the end effector;

[0019] Figure 9B It shows the fully closed state. Figure 4 A cross-sectional side view of the end effector;

[0020] Figure 10 This shows a drawing in a partially closed state. Figure 4 A diagram showing the gap between the jaws of the end effector; and

[0021] Figure 11 The drawing is shown in a fully closed state. Figure 4 A diagram showing the gap between the jaws of the end effector.

[0022] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be limiting in any way, and various embodiments of the present technology are contemplated to be implemented in a variety of other ways, including those not necessarily shown in the drawings. The drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate several aspects of the present technology and, together with the specification, explain the principles of the present technology; however, it should be understood that the present technology is not limited to the precise arrangement shown. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following description of certain examples of the present technology is not intended to limit the scope of the present technology. Other examples, features, aspects, embodiments, and advantages of the present technology will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, which is given by way of example, representing one of the best ways contemplated for implementing the present technology. As will be appreciated, the technology described herein can have other different and obvious aspects, all of which are not departing from the present technology. Therefore, the accompanying drawings and descriptions should be considered substantially illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0024] Furthermore, it should be understood that any one or more of the teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc., described herein may be combined with any one or more of the other teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc., described herein. Therefore, the following teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc., should not be considered in isolation from each other. Various suitable ways in which the teachings herein can be combined will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

[0025] For clarity of disclosure, the terms “proximal” and “distal” are defined herein in relation to a surgeon or other operator holding a surgical instrument with a distal surgical end effector. The term “proximal” refers to the position where the element is closer to the surgeon or other operator, and the term “distal” refers to the position where the element is closer to the surgical end effector of the surgical instrument and further away from the surgeon or other operator.

[0026] I. Exemplary electrosurgical devices

[0027] Figures 1 to 3C An exemplary electrosurgical instrument (100) is shown. Figure 1 As best shown, the electrosurgical instrument (100) includes a handle assembly (120), a shaft assembly (140), an articulation assembly (110), and an end effector (180). As will be described in more detail below, the end effector (180) of the electrosurgical instrument (100) is operable to grasp, cut, and seal or weld tissue (e.g., blood vessels, etc.). In this example, the end effector (180) is configured to seal or weld tissue by applying bipolar radio frequency (RF) energy to the tissue. However, it should be understood that, based on the teachings herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the electrosurgical instrument (100) may be configured to seal or weld tissue by any other suitable means. For example, the electrosurgical instrument (100) may be configured to seal or weld tissue via an ultrasonic scalpel, staples, etc. In this example, the electrosurgical instrument (100) is electrically connected to a power source (not shown) via a cable (10).

[0028] The power supply may be configured to provide all or part of the power requirements for the electrosurgical instrument (100). Any suitable power supply may be used in accordance with the teachings herein, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. By way of example only, the power supply may include GEN04 or GEN11 sold by Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. (Cincinnati, Ohio). Alternatively, the power supply may be configured based on at least some of the teachings of U.S. Patent 8,986,302, entitled “SurgicalGenerator for Ultrasonic and Electrosurgical Devices,” published March 24, 2015, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Although in the present example the electrosurgical instrument (100) is connected to the power supply via cable (10), the electrosurgical instrument (100) may include an internal power supply or multiple power supplies, such as batteries and / or supercapacitors, to power the electrosurgical instrument (100). Of course, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art, based on the teachings of this document, that any suitable combination of power sources can be used to power the electrosurgical instrument (100).

[0029] The handle assembly (120) is configured to be held by an operator with one hand, allowing the operator to control and manipulate the electrosurgical instrument (100) with one hand. A shaft assembly (140) extends distally from the handle assembly (120) and connects to an articulation assembly (110). The articulation assembly (110) also connects to the proximal end of the end effector (180). As will be described in more detail below, components of the handle assembly (120) are configured to control the end effector (180), allowing the operator to grasp, cut, seal, or weld tissue. As will also be described in more detail below, the articulation assembly (110) is configured to deflect the end effector (180) from the longitudinal axis defined by the shaft assembly (140).

[0030] The handle assembly (120) includes a body (122), a pistol grip (124), a jaw closure trigger (126), a knife trigger (128), an activation button (130), a joint motion control (132), and a knob (134). As will be described in more detail below, the jaw closure trigger (126) is pivotable toward and away from the pistol grip (124) and / or the body (122) to open and close the jaws (182, 184) of the end effector (180) to grasp tissue. Additionally, the knife trigger (128) is pivotable toward and away from the pistol grip (124) and / or the body (122) to actuate the knife member (360) within the jaws (182, 184) to cut tissue captured between the jaws (182, 184). In addition, the activation button (130) can be pressed to apply radio frequency (RF) energy to the tissue via the electrode surfaces (194, 196) of the jaws (182, 184).

[0031] The body (122) of the handle assembly (120) defines an opening (123) from which a portion of a joint motion control (132) protrudes. The joint motion control (132) is rotatably disposed within the body (122) such that an operator can rotate the portion of the joint motion control (132) protruding from the opening (123) to rotate the portion of the joint motion control (132) located within the body (122). The rotation of the joint motion control (132) relative to the body (122) is configured to bend the joint motion segment (110) to drive the end effector (180) to deflect from the longitudinal axis defined by the shaft assembly (140). Based on the teachings herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the joint motion control (132) and the joint motion segment (110) may include any suitable features to drive the end effector (180) to deflect from the longitudinal axis defined by the shaft assembly (140).

[0032] A knob (134) is rotatably disposed on the distal end of the body (122) and configured to rotate the end actuator (180), the articulation assembly (110), and the shaft assembly (140) relative to the shank assembly (120) about the longitudinal axis of the shaft assembly (140). Although in the present example the end actuator (180), the articulation assembly (110), and the shaft assembly (140) are rotated by the knob (134), the knob (134) may be configured to rotate the end actuator (180) and the articulation assembly (110) relative to selected portions of the shaft assembly (140). It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the teachings herein that the knob (134) may include any suitable features for rotating the end actuator (180), the articulation assembly (110), and the shaft assembly (140).

[0033] The shaft assembly (140) includes a distal portion (142) extending distally from the shank assembly (120), and a proximal portion (not shown) housed within the body (122) of the shank assembly (120). The shaft assembly (140) houses a jaw closure connector (338) that connects a jaw closure trigger (126) to an end effector (180). Additionally, the shaft assembly (140) houses an actuation member that connects a tool member (360) to a tool trigger (128). The shaft assembly (140) also houses an actuation member that connects a joint motion assembly (110) to a joint motion control member (132); and an electrical connector that operatively connects electrode surfaces (194, 196) to an activation button (130). As will be described in more detail below, the jaw closure connector (338) is configured to translate relative to the shaft assembly (140) to open and close the jaws (182, 184) of the end effector (180); the blade member (360) is coupled to the blade trigger (128) of the shank assembly (120) to translate the distal cutting edge (362) within the range of the end effector (180); and the activation button (130) is configured to activate the electrode surfaces (194, 196).

[0034] like Figures 2 to 3C As shown in the optimal configuration, the end effector (180) includes a lower jaw (182) pivotally connected to an upper jaw (184) via a pivoting coupling (198). The lower jaw (182) includes a proximal body (183) defining a slot (186), while the upper jaw (184) includes a proximal arm (185) defining a slot (188). The lower jaw (182) also defines a central channel (190) configured to receive the proximal arm (185) of the upper jaw (184), a portion of a blade member (360), a jaw closure connector (338), and a pin (350). The slots (186, 188) each slidably receive the pin (350), which is attached to a distal engagement portion (340) of the jaw closure connector (338). As will be described in more detail below, the jaw closure connector (338) is operable to translate within the central channel (190) of the lower jaw (182). The jaw closure connector (330) is driven by a translation pin (350). As will be described in more detail below, because the pin (350) is located within both slots (186, 188) and the slots (186, 188) are angled relative to each other, the pin (350) cams against the proximal arm (185) to cause the upper jaw (184) to pivot about and away from the lower jaw (182) about the pivoting connector (198). Therefore, the upper jaw (184) is configured to pivot about and away from the lower jaw (182) about the pivoting connector (198) to grip tissue.

[0035] The term "pivot" does not necessarily require rotation about a fixed axis, but can include rotation about an axis that moves relative to the end effector (180). Therefore, the axis by which the upper jaw (184) pivots about the lower jaw (182) can be translated relative to both the upper jaw (184) and the lower jaw (182). Based on the teachings herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any suitable translation of the pivot axis can be used.

[0036] The lower jaw (182) and upper jaw (184) further define a tool path (192). The tool path (192) is configured to slidably receive a tool member (360) such that the tool member (360) can be retracted (e.g., 3A to 360). Figure 3B As shown in the image), and is propelled (as shown in the image). Figure 3C As shown in the diagram, it is used to cut tissue captured between jaws (182, 184). The lower jaw (182) and upper jaw (184) each include a corresponding electrode surface (194, 196). RF energy can be supplied to the electrode surfaces (194, 196) via an electrical connector extending through the handle assembly (120), shaft assembly (140), and articulation assembly (110), and electrically connected to one or both of the electrode surfaces (194, 196). The electrical connector can selectively activate the electrode surfaces (194, 196) in response to an operator pressing an activation button (130).

[0037] Figures 3A to 3C An exemplary use of the instrument (100) for enabling the end effector (180) to grasp, cut, and seal / weld tissue is illustrated. A jaw closure trigger (126) is pivotable toward and away from the pistol grip (124) and / or the body (122) to open and close the jaws (182, 184) of the end effector (180) to grasp tissue. Specifically, pivoting the jaw closure trigger (126) toward the pistol grip (124) actuates the jaw closure connector (338) and pin (350) proximally, which in turn causes a cam to act on a slot (188) in the proximal arm (185) of the upper jaw (184), thereby rotating the upper jaw (184) about a pivoting connector (198) toward the lower jaw (182), resulting in a closed jaw configuration. If the operator wishes to open the jaws (182, 184), the operator can pivot the jaw closure trigger (126) away from the pistol grip (124), causing the pin (350) to actuate distally to drive the upper jaw (184) away from the lower jaw (182). In some cases, the jaw closure trigger (126) is biased toward the open position, causing the upper jaw (184) to be biased into the open configuration. Based on the teachings herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any suitable feature that causes the jaw closure trigger (126) to pivot to actuate the pin (350) can be used.

[0038] Next, as Figures 3B to 3C As shown, the knife trigger (128) can pivot toward and away from the body (122) and / or the pistol grip (124) to actuate the knife member (360) within the knife path (192) of the jaws (182, 184) to cut tissue captured between the jaws (182, 184). Based on the teachings herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any suitable feature can be used to actuate the knife member (360). In some cases, the knife trigger (128) can be biased to a position associated with the knife member (360) in the retracted position.

[0039] The distal cutting edge (362) of the blade component (360) is actuated to the advancing position. Figure 8C In the case of the position shown, the operator can press the activation button (130) to selectively activate the electrode surfaces (194, 196) of the jaws (182, 184) to weld / seal the cut tissue captured between the jaws (182, 184). It should be understood that the operator can also press the activation button (130) at any suitable time during the exemplary use to selectively activate the electrode surfaces (194, 196) of the jaws (182, 184). Therefore, when the blade member (360) is as shown... Figures 3A to 3B When the jaws are retracted as shown, the operator can also press the activation button (130). Next, the operator can release the jaw closure trigger (128), causing the jaws (182, 184) to pivot to the open configuration, thereby releasing the tissue.

[0040] II. Exemplary alternative end effectors for electrosurgical instruments

[0041] As described above, the end effector (180) is configured to grip, cut, and weld / seal tissue. Specifically, the jaws (184) are pivotable relative to the jaws (182) to grip tissue, and the cutting member (360) is configured to actuate within the jaws (182, 184) to cut the gripped tissue. Electrode surfaces (194, 196) can be activated when the jaws (182, 184) grip tissue so that welding / sealing is performed on the tissue captured between the jaws (182, 184).

[0042] When welding / sealing is performed on tissue held between jaws (182, 184), an appropriate gap distance (d) between the electrode surfaces (194, 196) along the entire length of the electrode surfaces (194, 196) is likely desirable. If the adjacent portions of the electrode surfaces (194, 196) cooperatively grip the tissue, the gap distance (d) formed (e.g.) Figure 3BIf the gap distance (d) is too small, the tissue held between the electrode surfaces (194, 196) may be damaged or crushed. Additionally, if the gap distance (d) is too small, the electrode surfaces (194, 196) may accidentally come into contact with each other, leading to an undesirable short circuit. Conversely, if the gap distance (d) formed by adjacent portions of the electrode surfaces (194, 196) that cooperate in holding the tissue is too large, the electrode surfaces (194, 196) may not be able to properly weld / seal the tissue held between them.

[0043] In some cases, the gap distance (d) between the electrode surfaces (194, 196) may deviate along the length of the electrode surfaces (194, 196), such that the proximal portion of the electrode surfaces (194, 196) forms a first-sized gap distance (d), and the distal portion of the electrode surfaces (194, 196) forms a second-sized gap distance (d). Therefore, in some cases, at least in part due to the deviation in gap distance (d), the first longitudinal portion of the electrode surfaces (194, 196) may produce a satisfactory tissue seal / weld, while the second longitudinal portion of the electrode surfaces (194, 196) may have an excessively large or small gap distance, which can lead to undesirable effects as mentioned above. Therefore, it may be desirable to provide an end effector (180) of the form that reliably provides a gap distance (d) along the entire length of the tissue contact area of ​​the end effector to achieve the desired effect while avoiding undesirable effects. Examples of such an end effector (180) will be described in more detail below.

[0044] Figure 4 and Figures 8A to 9B An exemplary end effector (480) is shown, which can be readily incorporated into an electrosurgical instrument (100) to replace the end effector (180) described above. The end effector (480) is substantially similar to the end effector (180) described above, but with differences detailed below. As will be described in more detail below, the end effector (480) includes a tissue gripping assembly (410) configured to form an appropriate non-uniform gap distance (d1) along the length of the tissue gripping portion (412, 414) to facilitate qualified welding / sealing of the gripped tissue as described herein.

[0045] The end effector (480) includes a lower jaw (482), an upper jaw (484), a proximal body (483) extending proximally from the lower jaw (482), and a pair of proximal arms (485) extending proximally from the upper jaw (483). The lower jaw (482), upper jaw (484), proximal body (483), and proximal extension arms (485) may be substantially similar to the lower jaw (182), upper jaw (184), proximal body (183), and proximal arms (185) described above, but with the differences detailed below.

[0046] Therefore, the proximal body (183) defines a central channel (490) and a slot (486), while the proximal arm (485) defines a slot (488), which are substantially similar to the central channel (190), slot (186), and slot (188) described above, respectively. Additionally, the lower jaw (482) and upper jaw (484) are pivotally connected via a pivoting connector (498), which may be substantially similar to the pivoting connector (198) described above. Thus, the lower jaw (482) and upper jaw (484) are configured to pivot relative to each other about the pivoting connector (498) to grasp tissue via translation of pins (350) within the slots (186, 188). Furthermore, the lower jaw (482) and upper jaw (484) define a blade path (492), which is sized to slidably receive a blade member (360) as described herein.

[0047] As described above, the end effector (480) also includes a tissue gripping assembly (410). The tissue gripping assembly (410) includes a lower tissue gripping portion (412) associated with the lower jaw (482) and an upper tissue gripping portion (414) associated with the upper jaw (484).

[0048] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown in the optimal configuration, the lower tissue gripping portion (412) includes an electrode surface (420) defining a plurality of recesses (422). Similar to the electrode surface (194) described above, the electrode surface (420) may be suitably connected to a power source, such that the power source can provide RF energy to the electrode surface (420) via an electrical connector. Therefore, an operator can selectively activate the electrode surface (420) by pressing the activation button (130) as described above.

[0049] Based on the teachings herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the electrode surface (420) can be attached to the lower jaw (482) by any suitable means. For example, the electrode surface (420) can be attached to the lower jaw (484) via adhesive, welding, interference fit, snap fit, latch, dovetail joint, etc.

[0050] The lower tissue gripping portion (412) also includes a pair of proximal teeth (424), a pair of intermediate teeth (426), and a pair of distal teeth (428). Each tooth (424, 426, 428) is received within a corresponding recess (422) defined by the electrode surface (420). The teeth (424, 426, 428) are electrically insulated from the electrode surface (420) and also extend above the electrode surface (420). Therefore, short circuits are prevented if any tooth (424, 426, 428) comes into contact with the electrode surfaces (440, 442) of the upper jaw tissue gripping portion (414).

[0051] In the current example, the teeth (424, 426, 428) have different heights relative to the electrode surface (420). Specifically, as Figure 8A As shown, the distal tooth (428) extends to a first height (h1) above the electrode surface (420); the intermediate tooth (426) extends to a second height (h2) above the electrode surface (420); and the proximal tooth (424) extends to a third height (h3) above the electrode surface (420). In this example, the second height (h2) is greater than the first height (h1); and the third height (h3) is greater than the second height (h2). Therefore, the height of the teeth (428, 426, 428) gradually increases in the direction from the distal end of the lower jaw (482) toward the proximal end of the lower jaw (482). In some other forms, the height gradually decreases from the distal end of the lower jaw (482) toward the proximal end of the lower jaw (482), such that the second height (h2) is less than the first height (h1); and the third height (h3) is less than the second height (h2). In other configurations, the teeth (428, 426, 428) are all at the same height relative to the electrode surface (420). It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, based on the teachings herein, that (424, 426, 428) can extend any suitable distance away from the electrode surface (420).

[0052] As will be described in more detail below, the distal teeth (428) and intermediate teeth (426) are configured to abut the distal conical electrode surface (442) so as to apply a reaction force to the upper tissue gripping portion (414) when the upper jaw (484) pivots into a fully closed configuration. The reaction force applied to the upper tissue gripping portion (414), together with the compliant nature and geometry of the upper tissue gripping portion (414), can generate a sufficient bending moment such that the electrode surfaces (440, 442) and the electrode surface (420) form an appropriate non-uniform gap distance (d1) between the adjacent portions of the electrode surface (420) and the corresponding electrode surfaces (440, 442). The appropriate gap distance (d1) may extend between the proximal end (448) and the distal end (450) of the upper tissue grasping portion (414), but the gap distance (d1) may still vary slightly along the length extending between the proximal end (448) and the distal end (450).

[0053] Although in the current example there are three sets of teeth (424, 426, 428) spaced longitudinally apart from each other, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art, based on the teachings of this document, that any suitable number of teeth (424, 426, 428) of any suitable array / pattern can be used.

[0054] like Figure 4 and Figure 7 As best shown, the upper tissue gripping portion (414) includes a proximal conical electrode surface (440) and a distal conical electrode surface (442) converging at a junction (444), such that the upper jaw (484) is arched. In some variations, the lower jaw (482) may be arched in a manner similar to the arching of the upper jaw (484) as described herein; alternatively, the upper jaw (484) is arched as described herein. In other variations, the lower jaw (482) may be arched in a manner similar to the arching of the upper jaw (484) as described herein; while the upper jaw (484) is non-arched. In this example, similar to the electrode surface (196) described above, the electrode surfaces (440, 442) may be suitably coupled to a power source such that the power source can supply RF energy to the electrode surfaces (440, 442) via electrical connections. Therefore, the operator can selectively activate the electrode surfaces (440, 442) by pressing the activation button (130) as described above. It should be understood that the electrode surface (420) can cooperate with the electrode surfaces (440, 442) to apply bipolar RF energy to the tissue trapped between the electrode surfaces (420) and (440, 442).

[0055] The proximal conical electrode surface (440) extends from the proximal end (448) to the junction (444), while the distal conical electrode surface (442) extends from the junction (444) to the distal end (450). Specifically, the proximal conical electrode surface (440) extends upward from the proximal end (448) to the junction (444), as from... Figure 7 As observed in the perspective view shown; while the distal conical electrode surface (442) extends downward from the junction (444) to the distal end (450), as from... Figure 7 As observed in the perspective view shown.

[0056] The proximal conical electrode surface (440) and the distal conical electrode surface (442) are electrically connected to each other. Furthermore, the proximal conical electrode surface (440) and the distal conical electrode surface (442) can be integrally formed as a single piece of material, formed from the same material, formed from two separate materials, or formed from different materials, etc. A suitable portion of either or both of the electrode surfaces (440, 442) defines a recess (446), the size of which is configured to align with the proximal teeth (424) of the lower tissue gripping portion (412) when the jaws (482, 484) are in a fully closed configuration, as will be described in more detail below. The recess (446) is appropriately sized such that when the jaws (482, 484) are in a fully closed configuration, the proximal teeth (424) do not contact the electrode surfaces (440, 442).

[0057] The proximal conical electrode surface (440) and the distal conical electrode surface (442) are connected to the upper jaw (484), thereby forming a generally double cone, such that when the upper jaw (484) pivots to the position initially in contact with the lower jaw (482), as Figure 8B and Figure 9A As shown, the portion of the tapered electrode surface (440, 442) that forms the junction (444) is furthest from the electrode surface (420) of the lower jaw (482) compared to the portions of the tapered electrode surface (440, 442) located at the proximal end (448) and distal end (450), respectively. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, based on the teachings herein, that the junction (444) may be positioned along any suitable longitudinal portion of the upper jaw (484). Therefore, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art, based on the teachings herein, that the tapered electrode surface (440, 442) may have any suitable length, length ratio, etc. While in the present example the junction (444) extends linearly and perpendicularly between the lateral sides of the electrode surface (440, 442), this is merely optional. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, based on the teachings herein, that the junction (444) may extend laterally through the electrode surface (440, 442) having any suitable geometry.

[0058] Based on the teachings herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the generally biconical shape formed by the electrode surfaces (440, 442) extending from the junction (444) to the respective ends (448, 450) can have any suitable angle relative to the electrode surface (420). In the present example, for clarity, the angle formed by the conical electrode surfaces (440, 442) is magnified.

[0059] Furthermore, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the teachings herein, any suitable geometric shape of the tapered electrode surface (440, 442) can be used. For example, the electrode surface (440, 442) may have a substantially planar profile and a generally rectangular perimeter. As another example, the electrode surface (440, 442) may extend from the junction (444) to the respective end (448, 450) along a slightly curved profile (slightly convex or concave, with a rounded, smooth perimeter).

[0060] like Figure 7 As illustrated herein, the distal electrode surface (442) may extend along an axis (A2) that defines an angle with a reference axis (A1) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis defined by the shaft assembly (140). Similarly, the proximal electrode surface (440) may extend along an axis that defines another angle with the reference axis (A1). Based on the teachings herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the angle formed by the tapered electrode surfaces (440, 442) and the reference axis (A1) can be formed in any suitable manner.

[0061] like Figure 7 As shown in the best example, the bicone formed in this example is formed by thickness variations of corresponding portions of the electrode surfaces (440, 442) and the upper jaw (484), such that the thickness (t1) at the junction (444) is less than the thickness (t2) at the proximal end (448) and the thickness (t3) at the distal end (550). The thickness variation forming the bicone can be a thickness variation of the upper jaw (484) alone, a thickness variation of the electrode surfaces (440, 442) alone, or a combination of both.

[0062] Based on the teachings herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the tapered electrode surfaces (440, 442) can be attached to the upper jaws (484) by any suitable means. For example, the tapered electrode surfaces (440, 442) can be attached to the upper jaws (484) via adhesives, welding, interference fits, snap-fits, latches, dovetail joints, etc.

[0063] The electrode surfaces (440, 442), as well as any other suitable components of the upper tissue gripping portion (414) and the upper jaw (484), may be appropriately compliant, elastically deformable, resilient, etc., to deform in response to a suitable bending moment. It should be understood that, based on the teachings herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the electrode surfaces (420, 440, 442) may be formed of any suitable material.

[0064] As will be described in more detail below, the electrode surfaces (440, 442) can be appropriately elastically deformed such that when the upper jaw (484) pivots from the initial closed position to the fully closed position, the electrode surfaces (440, 442) form an appropriate non-uniform gap distance (d1).

[0065] Figures 8A to 9B An exemplary use of the end effector (480) as described herein is shown. Figure 8A An end effector (480) in the open position is shown, such that the lower tissue gripping portion (412) and the upper tissue gripping portion (414) are configured to accept tissue between the two portions (412, 414). When the end effector (480) is in the open position, the conical electrode surfaces (440, 442) form a double cone as described above.

[0066] Next, as Figure 8B and Figure 9A As shown, the operator can pivot the upper jaw (484) toward the lower jaw (482) by pulling the closing trigger (126) to move the pin (350) proximally, as described herein. Specifically, the operator can pivot the upper jaw (484) toward the lower jaw (482) until the distal conical electrode surface (442) initially contacts the distal tooth (428). Figure 8B and Figure 9A At the indicated location, the proximal conical electrode surface (440) is not parallel to the electrode surface (420); and the distal conical electrode surface (442) is not parallel to the electrode surface (420). Similarly, at... Figure 8B and Figure 9A At the indicated location, the contact between the distal conical electrode surface (442) and the distal tooth (428) does not exert sufficient reaction force on the upper jaw (484) and the conical electrode surfaces (440, 442) to induce sufficient bending moment on the electrode surfaces (440, 442). Therefore, the conical electrode surfaces (440, 442) maintain their initial geometry such that the engagement (444) is further away from the adjacent portion of the electrode surface (420) compared to the proximal end (448) and distal end (450) of the respective conical electrode surfaces (440, 442). Therefore, in Figure 8B and Figure 9AAt the locations shown, the gap between the conical electrode surfaces (440, 442) and the electrode surface (420) is not substantially uniform along the length of the tissue gripping portion (412, 414).

[0067] To further illustrate in Figure 8B and Figure 9A The state shown illustrates the non-parallel relationship between electrode surfaces (440, 442) and electrode surface (420). Figure 10 A graph (500) is shown, illustrating an example of the gap distance between electrode surfaces (440, 442) and electrode surface (420) as a function of the distance from the distal end (450) of the upper tissue gripping portion (414). It should be understood that... Figure 10 The values ​​shown are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to be limiting in any way. Figure 10 In the graph (500), the first segment (502) corresponds to the gap distance between the distal conical electrode surface (440) and the lower electrode surface (420); while the second segment (504) of the graph (500) corresponds to the gap distance between the proximal conical electrode surface (440) and the lower electrode surface (420). Similarly, in... Figure 10 In the figure, the first vertical dashed line (510) corresponds to the longitudinal position of the distal tooth (428), the second vertical dashed line (520) corresponds to the longitudinal position of the intermediate tooth (426), and the third vertical dashed line (530) corresponds to the longitudinal position of the proximal tooth (424).

[0068] Next, as Figure 8C and Figure 9B As shown, the operator can, according to the description herein, further pull the closing trigger (126) to further translate the pin (350) proximally and further pivot the upper jaw (484) toward the lower jaw (482) until the closing trigger (126) is latched and / or pivoted to its fully closed position. Further proximal translation of the pin (350) can exert sufficient reaction force on the upper jaw (484) and the tapered electrode surfaces (440, 442) through contact with the distal teeth (428) to induce sufficient bending moment on the electrode surfaces (440, 442).

[0069] The resulting bending moment causes the distal conical electrode (442) to contact the intermediate tooth (426), thus the intermediate tooth (426) also exerts a reaction force on the upper jaw (484) and the conical electrode surfaces (440, 442). The portion of the distal conical electrode surface (442) located distal to the intermediate tooth (426) can define a portion of the gap distance (d1) with the adjacent portion of the electrode surface (420) by contacting the intermediate tooth (426) and the distal tooth (428). In addition, the bending moment generated by the further proximal translation of the pin (350) can cause the portion of the distal conical electrode surface (442) located proximal to the intermediate tooth (426), the engagement (444), and the proximal conical electrode (442) closer to the electrode surface (420) to bend / elastically deform, so as to also define a portion of the gap distance (d1). Therefore, the gap distance (d1) can extend between the proximal end (448) and the distal end (450) of the upper tissue grasping portion (414). However, in this example, even... Figure 8C and Figure 9B In the state shown, the gap distance (d1) is not uniform along the entire length extending between the proximal end (448) and the distal end (450). In other words, even in Figure 8C and Figure 9B In the indicated state, the proximal conical electrode surface (440) is still not parallel to the electrode surface (420); and the distal conical electrode surface (442) is still not parallel to the electrode surface (420). However, in Figure 8C and Figure 9B In the state shown, the distance between the joint (444) and the electrode surface (420) is still smaller than that in the state shown. Figure 8B and Figure 9A The distance between the joint (444) and the electrode surface (420) in the shown state. In some other variations, the gap distance (d1) is... Figure 8C and Figure 9B In the state shown, the length along the electrode surface (420, 440, 442) can be uniform, such that the electrode surface (440, 442) is... Figure 8C and Figure 9B In the state shown, it can be parallel to the electrode surface (420).

[0070] To further illustrate in Figure 8C and Figure 9B The state shown illustrates the non-parallel relationship between electrode surfaces (440, 442) and electrode surface (420). Figure 11 A graph (550) is shown, which illustrates an example of the gap distance between the electrode surfaces (440, 442) and the electrode surface (420) as a function of the distance from the distal end (450) of the upper tissue gripping portion (414). Figure 11This can be considered a scaled drawing of some types of end effectors (480). It should be understood that... Figure 11 The values ​​shown are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to be limiting in any way. Figure 11 In the graph (550), the first segment (552) corresponds to the gap distance between the distal conical electrode surface (440) and the lower electrode surface (420); while the second segment (554) corresponds to the gap distance between the proximal conical electrode surface (440) and the lower electrode surface (420). Similarly, in... Figure 11 In the middle, the vertical dashed line (510, 520, 530) is used to connect with the... Figure 10 The same pattern found corresponds to the longitudinal position of teeth (428, 426, 424).

[0071] To illustrate further, in Figure 8C and Figure 9B , Figure 11 In the illustrated configuration, the gap between the proximal end (448) of the upper tissue gripping portion (414) and the lower electrode surface (420) can range from approximately 0.001 inches to approximately 0.006 inches. This is merely a further example. Figure 8C and Figure 9B , Figure 11 In the state shown, the gap between the joint (444) of the upper tissue gripping portion (414) and the lower electrode surface (420) can be in the range of approximately 0.001 inches to approximately 0.006 inches.

[0072] To illustrate further, in Figure 8C and Figure 9B , Figure 11 In the illustrated configuration, the gap between the distal end (450) of the upper tissue gripping portion (414) and the lower electrode surface (420) can range from approximately 0.001 inches to approximately 0.006 inches. The aforementioned gap range is merely an illustrative example and is not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0073] By way of further example only, the gap distance between the upper electrode surface (440, 442) and the lower electrode surface (420) may vary by a percentage from approximately 10% to approximately 80% along the length of the electrode surfaces (420, 440, 442) (i.e., the length between the proximal end (448) and the distal end (450), including the junction (444)), from the maximum gap distance to the minimum gap distance, wherein the maximum gap distance is at the junction (444). The aforementioned percentage range of gap variation is merely an illustrative example and is not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0074] In some cases, the contact between the distal conical electrode surface (442) and the teeth (426, 428) may be sufficient to slightly deform the lower jaw (482) from a first vertical position (p1) to a second lowered vertical position (p2). The deformation of the lower jaw (482) may also help to obtain a desired but non-uniform final gap distance (d1).

[0075] like Figure 9B As can be seen in the best view, when the final gap distance (d1) is formed, the proximal tooth (424) is accommodated within the recess (446) of the electrode surfaces (440, 442) such that the proximal tooth (424) does not contact any surface of the recess (446) or any electrode surface (440, 442). Therefore, in this example, the proximal tooth (424) does not exert another reaction force on the upper jaw (484) and the tapered electrode surfaces (440, 442). The absence of reaction force generated by contact with the proximal tooth (424) and the electrode surfaces (440, 442) helps ensure that the bending moment within the electrode surfaces (440, 442) is sufficient to elastically deform the electrode surfaces (440, 442) to adequately define an appropriate, non-uniform final gap distance (d1) along the entire length of the electrode surfaces (440, 442).

[0076] With a suitable, non-uniform final gap distance (d1) produced, the operator can activate the electrode surfaces (420, 440, 442) as described herein. Additionally, the operator can cut the tissue captured between the electrode surfaces (420, 440, 442) as described herein. With a suitable, non-uniform final gap distance (d1) produced along the length of the tissue gripping assembly (410), the tissue captured along the entire length of the electrodes (420, 440, 442) can be properly sealed / welded without damaging / crushing any part of the gripped tissue.

[0077] Next, the operator can translate the pin (350) distally, causing the upper jaw (484) to pivot away from the lower jaw (482), thereby removing the reaction force exerted by the teeth (426, 428) on the electrode surfaces (440, 442) and the upper jaw (484). Due to the elastic properties of the electrodes (440, 442), the removal of the reaction force allows the electrode surfaces (440, 442) to return to a state similar to... Figures 8A to 8B and Figure 9A The original shape is shown.

[0078] Since the proximal teeth (424) are sized to be accommodated within the recess (446) of the upper tissue gripping portion (414), the proximal teeth (424) may be omitted in some cases. In some cases, the proximal teeth (424) may be electrically connected to the electrode surface (420).

[0079] In the current example, the intermediate tooth (426) and the distal tooth (428) together define the distal portion of the gap distance (d1), while also preventing the electrode surface (420) from accidentally contacting the corresponding surfaces (440, 442). However, this is merely optional. If the distal tooth (428) extends further from the electrode surface (420) than the intermediate tooth (426), the distal tooth (428) can be used alone to define the gap distance (d1). If the intermediate tooth (426) extends further from the electrode surface (420) than the distal tooth (428), the intermediate tooth (426) can be used alone to define the gap distance (d1).

[0080] III. Exemplary Combinations

[0081] The following examples illustrate various non-exhaustive ways in which the teachings herein can be combined or applied. It should be understood that the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of any claims that may be provided at any time in this patent application or a subsequent filing thereof. No disclaimer is intended. The following examples are provided merely for illustrative purposes. It is contemplated that the various teachings herein may be arranged and applied in a variety of other ways. It is also contemplated that some variations may omit certain features mentioned in the following examples. Therefore, none of the aspects or features mentioned below should be considered definitive unless otherwise expressly indicated, for example, by the inventor or a successor of the inventor of interest, at a later date. If any claim set forth in this patent application or a subsequent filing related to this patent application includes additional features beyond those mentioned below, such additional features should not be presumed to have been added for any reason related to patentability.

[0082] Example 1

[0083] An apparatus comprising: (a) a body; (b) a shaft assembly extending distally from the body; and (c) an end effector configured to grasp tissue and transmit RF energy to the grasped tissue, wherein the end effector includes: (i) a first jaw member including a first tissue grasping feature; and (ii) a second jaw member pivotally coupled to the first jaw member between an open position, a partially closed position, and a closed position, wherein the second jaw member includes: (A) a proximal cone including a portion terminating at a proximal end. (A) a proximal electrode surface at the lateral end, (B) a distal cone, the distal cone including a distal electrode surface terminating at the distal end, and (C) a junction between the proximal electrode surface and the distal electrode surface, wherein the junction is configured to be spaced further from the first tissue grasping feature than the proximal end and the distal end when the second jaw is in the partially closed position, wherein the proximal electrode surface and the distal electrode surface are configured to deform in the closed position to define a gap with the first tissue grasping feature between the proximal end and the distal end.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] According to the device of Embodiment 1, the first tissue gripping feature includes an electrode surface and distal teeth electrically insulated from the electrode surface.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] According to the device of embodiment 2, the distal electrode surface is configured to contact the distal teeth in the partially closed position and the fully closed position.

[0088] Example 4

[0089] According to the device of embodiment 3, the distal teeth extend away from the electrode surface to define a gap distance.

[0090] Example 5

[0091] The device according to any one or more of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the joint includes a first thickness, wherein the distal end includes a second thickness, wherein the first thickness is less than the second thickness.

[0092] Example 6

[0093] According to the device of embodiment 5, the proximal end includes a third thickness, wherein the first thickness is less than the third thickness.

[0094] Example 7

[0095] According to any one or more of the devices described in Embodiments 1 to 6, the first tissue gripping feature includes an electrode surface, a distal pair of teeth electrically insulated from the electrode surface, and a second pair of teeth.

[0096] Example 8

[0097] According to the device of embodiment 7, the second pair of teeth is proximal to the distal pair of teeth.

[0098] Example 9

[0099] According to the device of embodiment 8, the second pair of teeth is configured to contact the distal electrode surface in the closed position.

[0100] Example 10

[0101] According to the device of embodiment 9, the second pair of teeth is configured to be spaced apart from the distal electrode surface in the partially closed position.

[0102] Example 11

[0103] The device according to any one or more of embodiments 8 to 10, wherein either the proximal electrode surface or the distal electrode surface defines a recess, wherein the size of the recess is set to accommodate the second pair of teeth in the closed position.

[0104] Example 12

[0105] The device according to any one or more of Embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the body includes a handle assembly.

[0106] Example 13

[0107] According to the device of embodiment 12, the handle assembly further includes a jaw closure trigger, wherein the jaw closure trigger is configured to pivot the second jaw between the open position, the partially closed position, and the fully closed position.

[0108] Example 14

[0109] The device according to any one or more of Embodiments 12 to 13, wherein the handle assembly includes an activation button configured to transmit RF energy to the proximal electrode surface and the distal electrode surface.

[0110] Example 15

[0111] According to any one or more of the devices described in Embodiments 1 to 14, the proximal electrode surface and the distal electrode surface are configured to deform when in the closed position to define a non-uniform gap between the proximal end and the distal end and the first tissue gripping feature.

[0112] Example 16

[0113] An apparatus comprising: (a) a body; and (b) an end effector located distally relative to the body, wherein the end effector is configured to grasp tissue and transmit RF energy to the grasped tissue, wherein the end effector includes: (i) a first jaw member, and (ii) a second jaw member, wherein the second jaw member is pivotally coupled to the first jaw member between an open position, a partially closed position, and a closed position, wherein the second jaw member includes a biconical electrode surface including a proximal cone and a distal cone joined at a junction, wherein the junction is configured to be spaced further from the first tissue grasping feature than the proximal cone and the distal cone when the second jaw is in the partially closed position, wherein the proximal cone and the distal cone are configured to deform in the closed position to define a gap with the first jaw member.

[0114] Example 17

[0115] According to the device of embodiment 16, the first jaw member includes an electrode surface.

[0116] Example 18

[0117] According to the device of embodiment 17, the first jaw member includes at least one tooth that is electrically insulated from the electrode surface of the first jaw member.

[0118] Example 19

[0119] According to the device of embodiment 18, the at least one tooth is configured to contact the distal cone when the second jaw is in the closed position.

[0120] Example 20

[0121] An apparatus comprising: (a) a body; (b) a shaft assembly extending distally from the body; and (c) an end effector configured to grip tissue and transmit RF energy to the gripped tissue, wherein the end effector includes: (i) a first jaw member; (ii) a second jaw member pivotally coupled to the first jaw member between an open position, a partially closed position, and a closed position; and (iii) a tissue gripping assembly including (A) a first tissue gripping feature associated with the first jaw member; and (B) a second tissue gripping feature associated with the second jaw member, wherein the second tissue gripping feature includes a compliant electrode surface configured to form a bicone when the second jaw is in the open position and the partially closed position, wherein the compliant electrode surface is configured to deform in the closed position to define a gap distance with the first tissue gripping feature.

[0122] IV. Miscellaneous

[0123] It should be understood that any type of device described herein may also include various other features besides those described above, or as alternatives to those features. By way of example only, any device herein may also include one or more of the various features disclosed in any of the various references incorporated herein by reference. For example, the teachings herein can be readily combined with the teachings of the following U.S. patent applications: U.S. Patent 9,526,565, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 9,492,224, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; and / or U.S. Patent 10,292,758, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Various suitable ways in which such teachings can be combined will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0124] It should also be understood that any of the devices described herein can be modified to include a motor or other electric actuator to drive elements that are otherwise moved manually. Various examples of such modifications are described in U.S. Publication 9,161,803, entitled “Motor Driven Electrosurgical Device with Mechanical and Electrical Feedback,” published October 20, 2015, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Based on the teachings herein, a variety of other suitable methods of incorporating a motor or other electric actuator into any of the devices described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0125] It should also be understood that any device described herein can be modified to include most, if not all, of the required components within the medical device itself. More specifically, the devices described herein are capable of using an internal or attachable power source, rather than requiring a cable connection to an external power source. Various examples of how a medical device can include a portable power source are disclosed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61 / 410,603, filed November 5, 2010, entitled “Energy-Based Surgical Instruments,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In light of the teachings herein, various other suitable ways in which a power source can be incorporated into any of the devices described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0126] In applying the teachings of this article to types of ultrasonic surgical instruments, it should be understood that some such instruments may lack a translating firing beam. The component described herein for translating the firing beam can instead simply translate the jaw closure member. Alternatively, such translating features can be simply omitted.In all circumstances, it should be understood that the teachings herein may be combined with the teachings of one or more of the following U.S. patent applications: U.S. Patent Publication 2006 / 0079874, entitled “Tissue Pad for Use with an Ultrasonic Surgical Instrument,” published April 13, 2006, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent Publication 2007 / 0191713, entitled “Ultrasonic Device for Cutting and Coagulating,” published August 16, 2007, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent Publication 2007 / 0282333, entitled “Ultrasonic Waveguide and Blade,” published December 6, 2007, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; and U.S. Patent Publication 2008 / 21, entitled “Ultrasonic Device for Cutting and Coagulating,” published August 21, 2008. U.S. Patent Publication 2008 / 0200940, entitled “Coagulating,” is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 8,461,744, entitled “Rotating Transducer Mount for Ultrasonic Surgical Instruments,” published June 11, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 6,500,176, entitled “Electrosurgical Systems and Techniques for Sealing Tissue,” published December 31, 2002, is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 8,939,974, entitled “Surgical Instrument Comprising First and Second Drive Systems Actuatable by a Common Trigger Mechanism,” published January 27, 2015, is incorporated herein by reference; and / or U.S. Patent 8,939,974, entitled “Robotic Surgical Tool with Ultrasound Cauterizing and Cutting,” published August 31, 2004, is incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Patent 6,783,524, concerning “Instrument,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Other suitable ways in which the teachings of this document can be applied to ultrasonic surgical instruments will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings herein.

[0127] It should be understood that any one or more of the teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc., described herein can be combined with any one or more of the other teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc., described herein. Therefore, the foregoing teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc., should not be considered in isolation from each other. Various suitable ways in which the teachings herein can be combined will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

[0128] It should be understood that any patent, patent publication, or other public material allegedly incorporated herein by reference, whether in whole or in part, is incorporated only to the extent that the incorporated material does not conflict with any existing definitions, statements, or other public material set forth in this disclosure. Therefore, and to the extent necessary, the disclosures expressly listed herein replace any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or part thereof, allegedly incorporated herein by reference that conflicts with any existing definitions, statements, or other public material set forth herein will be incorporated only to the extent that the incorporated material does not conflict with any existing public material.

[0129] The aforementioned devices can be applied to both traditional medical treatments and surgeries performed by medical professionals and robot-assisted medical treatments and surgeries. By way of example only, the various teachings herein can be readily incorporated into robotic surgical systems, such as the DAVINCI system from Intuitive Surgical, Inc. (Sunnyvale, California). TM Similarly, those skilled in the art will recognize that the various teachings herein can be readily combined with the various teachings of U.S. Patent 6,783,524, entitled "Robotic Surgical Tool with Ultrasound Cauterizing and Cutting Instrument," published August 31, 2004, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0130] The versions described above may be designed to be discarded after a single use, or they may be designed to be used multiple times. In either or both cases, these types may be repaired for reuse after at least one use. Repair may include any combination of the following steps: disassembling the device, then cleaning or replacing specific parts, and subsequently reassembling. Specifically, some types of devices may be disassembled, and any combination may be used to selectively replace or remove any number of specific parts or portions of the device. While cleaning and / or replacing specific components, some types of the device may be reassembled at a repair facility or by an operator just before surgery for subsequent use. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the repair of devices can utilize a variety of techniques for disassembly, cleaning / replacement, and reassembly. The use of such techniques and the resulting repaired devices are within the scope of this application.

[0131] By way of example only, the types described herein can be sterilized before and / or after surgery. In one sterilization technique, the device is placed in a closed and sealed container such as a plastic bag or a TYVEK bag. The container and device can then be placed in a radiation field that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation, X-rays, or high-energy electrons. The radiation kills bacteria on the device and in the container. The sterilized device can then be stored in a sterile container for later use. Any other techniques known in the art can also be used to sterilize the device, including but not limited to beta or gamma radiation, ethylene oxide, or vapor.

[0132] Various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, and further improvements to the methods and systems described herein can be achieved by suitable modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Several such possible modifications have been mentioned, and other modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, the embodiments, implementations, geometries, materials, dimensions, ratios, steps, etc., discussed above are illustrative and not essential. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be considered in accordance with the following claims and should be understood as not being limited to the details of the structures and operations shown and described in the specification and drawings.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising: (a) a body; (b) a shaft assembly extending distally from the body; and (c) an end effector configured to grasp tissue and to transmit RF energy to the grasped tissue, wherein the end effector comprises: (i) a first jaw member comprising a first tissue grasping feature, and (ii) a second jaw member pivotably coupled to the first jaw member between an open position, a partially closed position, and a fully closed position, wherein the second jaw member comprises: (A) a proximal taper comprising a proximal electrode surface terminating at a proximal end, (B) a distal taper comprising a distal electrode surface terminating at a distal end, and (C) a junction between the proximal electrode surface and the distal electrode surface, wherein the junction is configured to be spaced further from the first tissue grasping feature than the proximal end and the distal end when the second jaw is in the partially closed position, wherein the proximal electrode surface and the distal electrode surface are configured to deform to define a gap with the first tissue grasping feature between the proximal end and the distal end when in the fully closed position, wherein the first tissue grasping feature comprises an electrode surface, a distal counter tooth electrically insulated from the electrode surface, and a second counter tooth, wherein the second counter tooth is proximal relative to the distal counter tooth, wherein either of the proximal electrode surface or the distal electrode surface defines a recess, wherein the recess is sized to accommodate the second counter tooth in the fully closed position, wherein the second counter tooth does not contact any surface of the recess in the fully closed position, wherein the second counter tooth does not contact the proximal electrode surface in the fully closed position, wherein the second counter tooth does not contact the distal electrode surface in the fully closed position; wherein the distal electrode surface is configured to contact the distal counter tooth in the partially closed position and the fully closed position, wherein the distal counter tooth extends away from the electrode surface so as to define a gap distance.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The junction comprises a first thickness, wherein the distal end comprises a second thickness, wherein the first thickness is less than the second thickness.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The proximal end comprises a third thickness, wherein the first thickness is less than the third thickness.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The first tissue grasping feature further comprises an intermediate counter tooth between the distal counter tooth and the second counter tooth, the intermediate counter tooth configured to contact the distal electrode surface in the fully closed position.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The intermediate counter tooth is configured to be spaced away from the distal electrode surface in the partially closed position.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The body comprises a handle assembly.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The handle assembly further includes a jaw closure trigger, wherein the jaw closure trigger is configured to pivot the second jaw between the open position, the partially closed position, and the fully closed position.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The handle assembly includes an activation button configured to transmit RF energy to the proximal electrode surface and the distal electrode surface.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The proximal electrode surface and the distal electrode surface are configured to deform to define a non-uniform gap with the first tissue gripping feature between the proximal end and the distal end when in the fully closed position.

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