An online monitoring sensor structure and a coupler system using the sensor structure.

Abstract

This invention discloses an online monitoring sensor structure, including a first sensor and a second sensor. The first sensor includes a first strain beam and a first strain gauge. The first strain beam is disc-shaped and has a front and a back. A first support platform is provided on the front of the first strain beam, a first force-bearing boss is provided on the back, and a mounting hole is provided in the middle. A first junction box is provided on the side of the first strain beam. The second sensor includes a second strain beam and a second strain gauge. The second strain beam is plate-shaped and also has a front and a back. A second support platform is provided on the front of the second strain beam, a second force-bearing boss is provided on the back, and a second junction box is provided on the side of the second strain beam. A first fixing through hole is provided on the second strain beam. This invention also discloses a coupler system. Compared with the prior art, this invention has the advantages of long operating cycle and good stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail locomotive technology, and in particular to an online monitoring sensor structure and a coupler system using the sensor structure. Background Technology

[0002] The coupler is a crucial connecting component of railway vehicles, playing a vital role in transmitting traction force and mitigating impact during train operation. Obtaining real-time data on coupler force and lateral force amplitude, as well as accurately measuring coupler force and sway angle during vehicle impacts, are technologies worthy of in-depth research. Existing technologies typically use force-measuring couplers, with strain gauges arranged on both sides of the coupler body to form a Whitdens strain gauge bridge. When the coupler is subjected to tension and compression forces, the coupler body undergoes tensile or compressive deformation, and the strain is collected by the strain gauges and converted into force values. However, force-measuring couplers have long manufacturing cycles, high costs, and complex calibration. During loading, unloading, transportation, disassembly, and maintenance, extra care must be taken with the strain gauges and signal lines on the coupler body to prevent damage. In operation, the coupler experiences severe motion conditions such as swaying, vibration, and impact, which can easily cause damage, thus necessitating an alternative solution. In view of this, the inventors of this application, through in-depth research, have developed an online monitoring sensor structure and a coupler system using this sensor structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an online monitoring sensor structure and a coupler system using the sensor structure, which has the advantages of long operating cycle and good stability.

[0004] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] An online monitoring sensor structure includes a first sensor and a second sensor. The first sensor includes a first strain beam and a first strain gauge. The first strain beam is disc-shaped and has a front and a back. The front of the first strain beam has a first support platform, the back has a first force-bearing protrusion, and a mounting hole in the middle. A first junction box is provided on the side of the first strain beam. The second sensor includes a second strain beam and a second strain gauge. The first strain gauge and the second strain gauge are covered with a protective layer. The second strain beam is plate-shaped and also has a front and a back. The front of the second strain beam has a second support platform, the back has a second force-bearing protrusion, the side of the second strain beam has a second junction box, and a first fixing through hole is provided on the second strain beam.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the first strain gauge includes a plurality of first strain gauges distributed circumferentially, and the second strain gauge includes a plurality of second strain gauges.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the number of the second force-bearing bosses is not less than two.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the side of the second strain beam is provided with a fixing part, and the fixing part is provided with a second fixing through hole.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the protective layer includes a silicone rubber layer, a silicone layer, and a connecting layer. The silicone rubber layer is disposed inside the silicone layer. The connecting layer is composed of multiple connecting units. Each connecting unit includes a surface layer, a base layer, and a plug. The base layer is disposed on the plug. The surface layer is adhered to the base layer. The surface layer is formed by a combination of multiple hooking components. Each hooking component includes a hook member, a first hook ring, and a second hook ring. The hook member has at least two bent hook portions. The plug is inserted into the silicone rubber layer. The surface layer is located at the bottom of the silicone layer. Among the multiple connecting units, the surface layers of adjacent connecting units are in contact.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the insert, base layer, and hook are made of plastic material, and the hook ring is made of nylon or polyester material.

[0011] A coupler system includes a system body and a first sensor and a second sensor applied to the system body. The first sensor includes a first strain beam and a first strain gauge. The first strain beam is disc-shaped and has a front and a back. The front of the first strain beam has a first support platform, the back has a first force-bearing protrusion, and a mounting hole in the middle. A first junction box is provided on the side of the first strain beam. The second sensor includes a second strain beam and a second strain gauge. The second strain beam is plate-shaped and also has a front and a back. The front of the second strain beam has a second support platform, the back has a second force-bearing protrusion, and a second junction box is provided on the side of the second strain beam. A first fixing through hole is provided on the second strain beam.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the system body includes a vehicle body traction beam, a rear axle plate, a rear axle plate seat, an elastic element, a buffer, a front axle plate, a front axle plate seat, and a coupler device. The rear axle plate seat is disposed on the vehicle body traction beam. One end of the elastic element is connected to the rear axle plate seat, and the other end is connected to the rear axle plate. One end of the buffer is connected to the rear axle plate, and the other end is connected to the front axle plate. The front axle plate cooperates with the front axle plate seat. The front axle plate seat is disposed on the vehicle body traction beam. The coupler device is connected to the front axle plate. A first sensor is disposed between the rear axle plate seat and the elastic element, and a second sensor is disposed between the front axle plate seat and the front axle plate.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, multiple elastic elements are provided, and the first sensor is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with each elastic element.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the second sensor is provided in at least two forms.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides an online monitoring sensor structure that is small in size and weight, and whose manufacturing, calibration, and protection work can be completed in the laboratory, reducing on-site workload and offering cost advantages. This invention also provides a coupler system in which the first and second sensors are installed in the coupler groove of the vehicle body traction beam and do not move with the coupler. The sensor installation position experiences minimal vibration and a stable environment, thus offering advantages such as long service life and good stability. The first and second sensors are independent of the elastic elements and coupler components of the coupler system, and can be replaced individually when the coupler system or sensor malfunctions. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the structure of the first sensor element of an online monitoring sensor structure from two perspectives (without a protective layer).

[0017] Figure 2 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the structure of a second sensor element of an online monitoring sensor structure from two perspectives (without a protective layer).

[0018] Figure 3 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the protective layer at the first sensing element of an online monitoring sensor structure.

[0019] Figure 4 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the connection unit of an online monitoring sensor structure.

[0020] Figure 5 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the connecting component of an online monitoring sensor structure.

[0021] Figure 6 This invention relates to a force analysis diagram of a coupler system under braking conditions (without sway angle).

[0022] Figure 7 This invention relates to a force analysis diagram of a coupler system under braking conditions (with swing angle).

[0023] Figure 8 This invention relates to a force analysis diagram of a coupler system under traction conditions (without swing angle).

[0024] Figure 9 This invention relates to a force analysis diagram of a coupler system under traction conditions (with swing angle).

[0025] Figure 10This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the installation position of the first sensor in a coupler system.

[0026] Figure 11 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the installation position of the second sensor in a coupler system.

[0027] In the picture

[0028] 1. First sensor; 2. First strain gauge; 3. First strain beam; 4. First support platform; 5. First force-bearing boss; 6. Mounting hole; 7. First junction box; 8. First connector; 9. First wire groove; 10. Second sensor; 11. Second strain gauge; 12. Second strain beam; 13. Second support platform; 14. Second force-bearing boss; 15. Second junction box; 16. First fixing through hole; 17. Fixing part; 18. Second fixing through hole; 19. Second connector; 20. Silicone rubber layer; 21. Silicone layer; 22. Connecting layer; 23. Connecting unit; 24. Surface layer; 25. Hook and connector; 26. First hook and connector ring; 27. Second hook and connector ring; 28. Base layer; 30. Insert rod; 31. Grip plate; 32. Rear axle plate; 33. Rear axle plate seat; 34. Elastic element; 35. Buffer; 36. Front axle plate; 37. Front axle plate seat; 38. Coupler device. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an online monitoring sensor structure includes a first sensor 1 and a second sensor 10. The first sensor 1 includes a first strain beam 3 and a first strain gauge. The first strain beam 3 is disc-shaped and has a front and a back. The front of the first strain beam 3 is provided with a first support platform 4, the back is provided with a first force-bearing protrusion 5, and the middle is provided with a mounting hole 6. The side of the first strain beam 3 is provided with a first junction box 7. The second sensor 10 includes a second strain beam 12 and a second strain gauge. The first strain gauge and the second strain gauge are covered with a protective layer. The second strain beam 12 is plate-shaped and also has a front and a back. The front of the second strain beam 12 is provided with a second support platform 13, the back is provided with a second force-bearing protrusion 14, the side of the second strain beam 12 is provided with a second junction box 15, and the second strain beam 12 is provided with a first fixing through hole 16.

[0032] This invention provides an online monitoring sensor structure that is small in size and weight, and whose manufacturing, calibration, and protection work can be completed in the laboratory, reducing on-site workload and offering cost advantages.

[0033] In the structural configuration of the first sensor 1, the first strain gauge is used to measure the strain generated after being compressed, and the magnitude of the coupler force is calculated through system calibration; the first force-bearing boss 5 is used to receive the pressure from the elastic element 34 and concentrate the pressure on the force-bearing boss ring to ensure the test accuracy of the pressure sensor under non-uniform load; strain gauges are arranged on the first strain beam 3. After the first sensor 1 is compressed, the first strain beam 3 will deform, and the strain magnitude will be measured by the first strain gauge; the first support platform 4 is used to support the first sensor 1; the first junction box 7 is used for strain signal bridging and signal line conversion; the first connector 8 is installed at the end of the junction box for signal line transmission; the mounting hole 6 is used for sensor installation; and the first wire groove 9 is provided for signal line transmission space.

[0034] In the structural configuration of the second sensor 10, the second strain gauge 11 is used to measure the strain generated after the sensor is compressed, and the coupler force is calculated through system calibration; the second force-bearing boss 14 is used to receive the pressure from the front plate 36 and concentrate the pressure above the installation position of the second strain gauge 11 to ensure the testing accuracy of the second sensor 10 when it is not subjected to a uniformly distributed load; the second strain beam 12 will deform after the second sensor 10 is compressed, and the strain magnitude will be measured by the second strain gauge 11; the second support base is used to support the sensor; a second wiring plug 19 is provided to gather the signal lines of the second strain gauge 11 and can connect the second sensor 10 to the data acquisition front end through a data line; a second junction box 15 is provided for strain signal bridging.

[0035] Specifically, the first strain gauge includes a plurality of first strain gauges 2, which are circumferentially distributed, and the second strain gauge includes a plurality of second strain gauges 11.

[0036] The number of the second force-bearing protrusion 14 is not less than two.

[0037] In order to achieve stable setting of the second strain gauge, the side of the second strain beam 12 is provided with a fixing part 17, and the fixing part 17 is provided with a second fixing through hole 18. The second sensor 10 is fixed by fixing bolts provided in the first fixing through hole 16 and the second fixing through hole 18.

[0038] Furthermore, the protective layer includes a silicone rubber layer 20, a silicone layer 21, and a connecting layer 22. The silicone rubber layer 20 is disposed inside the silicone layer 21. The connecting layer 22 is composed of multiple connecting units 23. Each connecting unit 23 includes a surface layer 24, a base layer 29, and a plug 30. The base layer 29 is disposed on the plug 30, and the surface layer 24 is adhered to the base layer 29. The surface layer 24 is formed by a combination of multiple hooking components. Each hooking component includes a hook member 25, a first hooking ring 27, and a second hooking ring 28. The hook member 25 has at least two bent hooking portions 26. The plug 30 is inserted into the silicone rubber layer 20. The surface layer 24 is located at the bottom of the silicone layer 21. Among the multiple connecting units 23, the surface layers 24 of adjacent connecting units 23 are in contact.

[0039] Specifically, the protective layer covers the first strain gauge or the second strain gauge, in Figures 9 to 11 Taking the position of the first strain gauge as an example, a silicone rubber layer 20 covers the first strain gauge, and a silicone layer 21 covers the silicone rubber layer 20 to achieve waterproof and oil-proof properties. In order to facilitate the replacement of the silicone layer 21 after long-term use and to improve the structural strength of the protective layer, a connecting layer 22 is provided. The setting of the connecting layer 22 effectively enhances the structural strength of the silicone layer 21, and the connecting layer 22 connects the silicone layer 21 and the silicone rubber layer 20, which also provides support for the overall structural stability. Furthermore, the setting of the connecting layer 22 makes the silicone layer 21 form a whole. When it is necessary to replace the silicone layer 21, the silicone layer 21 can be easily peeled off and a new silicone layer 21 can be applied. The operation is relatively convenient.

[0040] To facilitate the removal of the silicone layer 21, a gripping tab 31 extending out of its outer surface can be provided in the silicone layer 21. The gripping tab 31 can be made of plastic.

[0041] In the structural configuration of the connecting layer 22, it is composed of multiple connecting units 23. By selecting different numbers of connecting units 23, protection of different areas can be achieved. At the same time, the connecting unit 23 includes a surface layer 24, a base layer 29, and a plug 30. The surface layer 24 is formed by multiple hooking components. The hooking components include hooking parts 25, a first hooking ring 27, and a second hooking ring 28. The hooking parts 25 are provided with at least two bent hooking parts 26. Through this structural configuration, the hooking components will hook together when they come into contact, thereby forming a whole. It also has a certain amount of room for movement, which is convenient to adapt to the deformation of the protective layer during long-term use. When the surface layer 24 comes into contact with the surface layer 24, they will also connect together, thereby enabling multiple connecting units 23 to form a whole.

[0042] When making the protective layer, first apply the silicone rubber layer 20, then insert the plug 30 of the connecting layer 22 into the silicone rubber layer 20, and then apply the silicone layer 21 so that the bottom of the silicone layer 21 penetrates into the surface layer 24 and first combines with the connecting layer 22.

[0043] Specifically, the insertion rod 30, the base layer 29, and the hook 25 are made of plastic materials, and the hook ring is made of nylon or polyester materials.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, a coupler system includes a system body and a first sensor 1 and a second sensor 10 applied to the system body. The first sensor 1 includes a first strain beam 3 and a first strain gauge. The first strain beam 3 is shaped like a disc and has a front and a back. The front of the first strain beam 3 is provided with a first support platform 4, the back is provided with a first force-bearing protrusion 5, and the middle is provided with a mounting hole 6. The side of the first strain beam 3 is provided with a first junction box 7. The second sensor 10 includes a second strain beam 12 and a second strain gauge. The second strain beam 12 is shaped like a plate and also has a front and a back. The front of the second strain beam 12 is provided with a second support platform 13, the back is provided with a second force-bearing protrusion 14, the side of the second strain beam 12 is provided with a second junction box 15, and the second strain beam 12 is provided with a first fixing through hole 16.

[0046] Furthermore, the system body includes a vehicle body traction beam, a rear axle plate 32, a rear axle plate seat 33, an elastic element 34, a buffer 35, a front axle plate 36, a front axle plate seat 37, and a coupler device 38. The rear axle plate seat 33 is disposed on the vehicle body traction beam. One end of the elastic element 34 is connected to the rear axle plate seat 33, and the other end is connected to the rear axle plate 32. One end of the buffer 35 is connected to the rear axle plate 32, and the other end is connected to the front axle plate 36. The front axle plate 36 cooperates with the front axle plate seat 37, and the front axle plate seat 37 is disposed on the vehicle body traction beam. The coupler device 38 is connected to the front axle plate 36. The first sensor 1 is disposed between the rear axle plate seat 33 and the elastic element 34, and is connected in series between the rear axle half seat and the elastic element 34 by bolts. The second sensor 10 is disposed between the front axle plate seat 37 and the front axle plate 36, and is installed on the front axle half seat by bolts.

[0047] Specifically, multiple elastic elements 34 are provided, and the first sensor 1 is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the elastic elements 34.

[0048] To achieve the design goal, at least two second sensors 10 are provided.

[0049] The force analysis of the first sensor 1 and the second sensor 10 under no swing angle and with swing angle is as follows:

[0050] Basic principle:

[0051] When the vehicle is braking, the coupler force acting on the traction beam can be calculated by testing the force on the elastic element 34 at the rear end of the coupler system; when the vehicle is traction, the coupler force acting on the traction beam can be calculated by testing the force on the front axle plate 37. Therefore, for testing the coupler force under braking conditions, a first sensor 1 is installed between the elastic element 34 and the rear axle plate 33 to test the coupler force acting on the traction beam under braking conditions. For testing the coupler force under traction conditions, a second sensor 10 is developed that adapts to the structural characteristics of the coupler device 38 and meets the strength requirements of the coupler system, thereby testing the coupler force acting on the traction beam under traction conditions.

[0052] When the vehicle is braking, the force transmission sequence of the coupler is as follows: coupler head → coupler tail arc surface → front trailing plate 36 → buffer 35 → rear trailing plate 32 → elastic element 34 → rear trailing plate seat 33 → vehicle body traction beam. The coupler head receives pressure and transmits it to the elastic element 34 at the tail end through the coupler buffer 35. By installing a pressure sensor between the elastic element 34 and the rear trailing plate seat 33, the longitudinal and lateral coupler forces acting on the traction beam under braking conditions can be obtained.

[0053] (1) Coupler with no swing angle (straight section)

[0054] When a vehicle is running on a straight section, the coupler generally has no sway angle; at this time, only longitudinal coupler force exists, and there is no lateral coupler force. The coupler system is subjected to the following forces: Figure 3 As shown. Each elastic element 34 is subjected to a longitudinal force of fix (i = 1, 2, 3, 4), and F is the coupler force acting on the traction beam. Through force analysis, it can be seen that:

[0055] f1x + f2x + f3x + f4x + F = 0

[0056] Therefore, when the coupler has no swing angle, the longitudinal coupler force acting on the traction beam can be measured by the pressure sensor on each side of the elastic element 34.

[0057] (2) The coupler has a swing angle (in curved sections).

[0058] When a vehicle passes through a curve, the coupler experiences a swing angle. At this time, there are both longitudinal and lateral coupler forces.

[0059] The coupler system is subjected to forces such as Figure 4As shown. Each elastic element 34 is subjected to a longitudinal coupler force of fix (i = 1, 2, 3, 4) and a lateral coupler force of fiy (i = 1, 2, 3, 4). Fx is the longitudinal coupler force acting on the traction beam, and Fy is the lateral coupler force acting on the traction beam. Through force analysis, it can be seen that:

[0060]

[0061] In the formula, F x =Fcosθ; F y =Fsinθ, l is approximately half the spacing of the elastic element 34, H is the distance from the contact surface of the elastic element 34 to the generatrix of the rear arc surface, and θ is the swing angle of the coupler.

[0062] The lateral and longitudinal coupler forces acting on the traction beam can be determined by testing the lateral and longitudinal forces of each elastic element 34. In addition, the coupler swing angle θ and the compression amount H of the coupler buffer 35 can be determined through testing.

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] H = H0 - H

[0066] When the vehicle is in traction, the force transmission sequence of the coupler is as follows: coupler head → coupler tail pin → coupler tail frame → buffer 35 → front axle plate 36 → front axle plate seat 37 → vehicle body traction beam. The coupler head receives the tensile force and transmits it to the front axle plate 36 through the coupler buffer 35, causing the front axle plate 36 to deform. By testing the strain of the front axle plate 36, the longitudinal and lateral coupler forces acting on the traction beam under traction conditions can be obtained.

[0067] (1) Coupler with no swing angle (straight section)

[0068] When a vehicle is running on a straight section, the coupler generally has no sway angle; at this time, only longitudinal coupler force exists, and there is no lateral coupler force. Figure 5 As shown. The longitudinal force p acting on both sides of the front plate 36 is... ix (i=1,2), F is the longitudinal coupler force acting on the front axle plate seat 37. Through force analysis, it can be seen that:

[0069] p 1x +p 2x +F=0

[0070] Therefore, when the coupler has no swing angle, the longitudinal coupler force acting on the traction beam can be determined by testing the longitudinal force on the front trailing plate 36.

[0071] (2) The coupler has a swing angle (in curved sections).

[0072] When a vehicle passes through a curve, the coupler experiences a swing angle. At this time, there are both longitudinal and lateral coupler forces.

[0073] The coupler system is subjected to forces such as Figure 6 As shown. The longitudinal force p acting on both sides of the front plate 36 is... ix (i=1,2), the lateral force on both sides of the front plate 36 is p ix (i = 1, 2), Fx is the longitudinal coupler force acting on the traction beam, and Fy is the lateral coupler force acting on the traction beam. Through force analysis, it can be seen that:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, F x =Fcosθ; F y =Fsinθ, L is approximately half the distance between the two slave plates, and h is approximately the thickness of the front slave plate (36).

[0076] The lateral and longitudinal coupler forces acting on the traction beam can be determined by testing the longitudinal forces at both ends of the front plate 36. In addition, the coupler swing angle θ can be determined through testing.

[0077]

[0078] During actual straight-line operation, due to special circumstances such as emergency braking, the coupler may swing relative to the buffer device (or the centerline of the car body). In order to obtain the lateral force amplitude during actual operation and understand the lateral force amplitude borne by the locomotive in the middle, a laser displacement sensor can be installed at a suitable position on the car body near the coupler tail frame. When the coupler rotates around the coupler tail pin, the distance between the coupler body and the two sides of the coupler tail frame on the car body will deviate. Therefore, by using the laser displacement sensor to measure the distance between the coupler body reference point and the car body reference point, the coupler swing angle can be calculated.

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, S is the distance from the car body reference point to the coupler body reference point, and L is the distance from the coupler rotation point to the coupler measurement reference point along the coupler direction, which is a constant.

[0081] The above description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate understanding and use of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be easily made to the embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without creative effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online monitoring sensor structure, characterized in that, The system includes a first sensor and a second sensor. The first sensor includes a first strain beam and a first strain gauge. The first strain beam is disc-shaped and has a front and a back. A first support platform is provided on the front of the first strain beam, a first force-bearing protrusion is provided on the back, and a mounting hole is provided in the middle. A first junction box is provided on the side of the first strain beam. The second sensor includes a second strain beam and a second strain gauge. The first and second strain gauges are covered with a protective layer. The second strain beam is plate-shaped and also has a front and a back. A second support platform is provided on the front of the second strain beam, a second force-bearing protrusion is provided on the back, and a second junction box is provided on the side of the second strain beam. The second strain beam is provided with a first fixed through hole; the protective layer includes a silicone rubber layer, a silicone layer and a connecting layer, the silicone rubber layer is disposed on the inner side of the silicone layer, the connecting layer is composed of multiple connecting units, the connecting unit includes a surface layer, a base layer and a plug, the base layer is disposed on the plug, the surface layer is adhered to the base layer, the surface layer is formed by multiple hooking components, the hooking components include hooking parts, a first hooking ring and a second hooking ring, the hooking parts are provided with at least two bent hooking parts, the plug is inserted into the silicone rubber layer, the surface layer is located at the bottom of the silicone layer, and the surface layers of adjacent connecting units are in contact.

2. The online monitoring sensor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first strain gauge includes a plurality of first strain gauges distributed circumferentially, and the second strain gauge includes a plurality of second strain gauges.

3. The online monitoring sensor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the second force-bearing protrusions shall not be less than two.

4. The online monitoring sensor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second strain beam has a fixing part on its side, and the fixing part has a second fixing through hole.

5. The online monitoring sensor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insert, base layer, and hook are made of plastic material, and the hook ring is made of nylon or polyester material.

6. A coupler system, characterized in that, The system includes a system body and a first sensor and a second sensor applied to the system body. The first sensor includes a first strain beam and a first strain gauge. The first strain beam is disc-shaped and has a front and a back. The front of the first strain beam has a first support platform, the back has a first force-bearing boss, and a mounting hole is provided in the middle. A first junction box is provided on the side of the first strain beam. The second sensor includes a second strain beam and a second strain gauge. The second strain beam is plate-shaped and also has a front and a back. The front of the second strain beam has a second support platform, the back has a second force-bearing boss, and a second junction box is provided on the side of the second strain beam. The beam is provided with a first fixed through hole; the system body includes a vehicle body traction beam, a rear axle plate, a rear axle plate seat, an elastic element, a buffer, a front axle plate, a front axle plate seat, and a coupler device. The rear axle plate seat is disposed on the vehicle body traction beam. One end of the elastic element is connected to the rear axle plate seat, and the other end is connected to the rear axle plate. One end of the buffer is connected to the rear axle plate, and the other end is connected to the front axle plate. The front axle plate cooperates with the front axle plate seat. The front axle plate seat is disposed on the vehicle body traction beam. The coupler device is connected to the front axle plate. The first sensor is disposed between the rear axle plate seat and the elastic element. The second sensor is disposed between the front axle plate seat and the front axle plate.

7. A coupler system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The elastic element is provided in multiple ways, and the first sensor is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the elastic element.

8. A coupler system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second sensor is provided in at least two forms.

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