A channel allocation method based on 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of wireless communications, and specifically relates to a channel allocation method based on a 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network, comprising: using 5G CPE to build an industrial wireless Mesh network; CPE nodes generate a path to transmit data packets according to the Mesh network default routing protocol HWMP; wherein any two adjacent CPE nodes in the transmission path form a link; calculating the total interference power received by each link in the transmission path and the total number of interference links of the link according to a protocol interference model; calculating the optimal channel allocation scheme of the transmission path according to the total interference power received by the link and the total number of interference links of the link using the Shannon formula and the whale group optimization algorithm; and allocating channels for each link according to the optimal channel allocation scheme of the transmission path to complete the transmission of data packets to be sent, thereby improving the data transmission rate and enhancing the utilization rate of the network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of wireless communications, and specifically relates to a channel allocation method based on a 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network. Background Art

[0002] Wireless mesh networks are multi-hop networks developed from ad-hoc networks, offering high availability and scalability. Data originates from a terminal and travels along a specific path to a gateway, which can include multiple routing nodes. Mesh routing nodes are connected wirelessly and automatically seek out nearby routing nodes to establish links, making the network topology easily adjustable.

[0003] Industrial network control systems initially relied on wired connections. While wired connections effectively met the communication requirements of industrial control, they also presented numerous challenges, including difficult cabling planning, complex and difficult to maintain wiring, and high wiring costs. To address these issues, wireless AC+AP networking was introduced in the industrial sector, replacing wired connections between terminals and the access network. The AP provides wireless connectivity to the terminal and a wired connection to the AC. This approach provides a stable connection, but still requires pre-planning the wiring between the AC and AP, making it difficult to relocate equipment after deployment. This also results in poor scalability and flexibility, making it difficult to adapt the network structure to meet changing needs. Furthermore, with the development of IoT technology, industrial equipment is becoming more diverse, intelligent, and networked. However, services requiring higher mobility and real-time performance, such as automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and industrial field design, remain underserved. With the maturity of 5G network technology, 5G CPE combines Wi-Fi with mesh networking technologies to build highly available, scalable industrial wireless mesh networks that meet the needs of low latency, large-scale connectivity, and a wider range of industrial scenarios.

[0004] In a wireless mesh network, adjacent links performing simultaneous transmission tasks will experience varying degrees of interference depending on the degree of overlap in their assigned channels. The greater the overlap, the more severe the interference. Similarly, due to the limitations of the Wi-Fi spectrum, available channels are limited. Therefore, with more routing nodes and a more complex network topology, the channels assigned to adjacent links are more likely to overlap, severely impacting network transmission speed and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems in the background technology, the present invention provides a channel allocation method based on a 5G CPE wireless industrial mesh network. While meeting the latency requirements of mobile devices, the method optimizes channel allocation based on the principle of minimum interference, reduces channel contention and interference, fully utilizes network resources, and improves network transmission speed and efficiency. The method includes:

[0006] S1: Build an industrial wireless mesh network using 5G-CPE. CPE nodes generate paths to transmit data packets based on the mesh network's default routing protocol, HWMP. Any two adjacent CPE nodes in the transmission path form a link.

[0007] S2: Calculate the total interference power of each link in the transmission path and the total number of interfering links according to the protocol interference model;

[0008] S3: Calculate the optimal channel allocation scheme for the transmission path based on the total interference power received by the link and the total number of interfering links using the Shannon formula and the whale swarm optimization algorithm;

[0009] S4: Allocate the channel of each link according to the optimal channel allocation scheme of the transmission path to complete the transmission of the data packet to be sent.

[0010] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects

[0011] The method of the present invention effectively avoids co-frequency or adjacent frequency interference between channels in a densely deployed 5G factory network, reduces the number of channel reallocations, avoids unnecessary overhead, and makes full use of network resources. The differential mutation algorithm is combined to improve the whale algorithm, and the experimental position variables are generated based on the updated position variables of the whale. The optimal position variables are selected based on greed, ensuring the accuracy of the algorithm while accelerating the convergence of the algorithm. The data transmission on the path through the selected optimal channel allocation is improved, thereby improving the transmission speed and transmission efficiency of the network. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a network structure diagram of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by means of specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0015] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides a channel allocation method based on a 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network, comprising:

[0016] S1: Build an industrial wireless Mesh network using 5G-CPE. CPE nodes generate paths to transmit data packets based on the Mesh network's default routing protocol, HWMP. Any two adjacent CPE nodes in the transmission path form a link. The 5G-CPE is a router with fifth-generation wireless communication capabilities. The data packet receiving devices include mobile phones, computers, smart forklifts, and barcode scanners.

[0017] S2: Calculate the total interference power of each link in the transmission path and the total number of interfering links according to the protocol interference model;

[0018] S21: Calculate the interference range of the CPE node in the transmission path according to the protocol interference model;

[0019]

[0020] Among them, D i represents the interference range of the i-th CPE node in the transmission path, β is the path loss factor, is the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, P N is the noise power of CPE, P is the transmit power of CPE, represents the communication distance between the i-th CPE node and the j-th CPE node in the transmission path, wherein the path loss factor, the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the noise power, and the transmission power are empirical values. In the present invention, the value is β=4. P N =-125.23dBm, P = 20dBm.

[0021] S22: Calculate the total number of interference links for each link in the transmission path according to the interference range of the CPE nodes in the transmission path;

[0022] When a CPE node in the first link is within the interference range of any CPE node in the second link, the second link is considered an interference link of the first link; all interference links of the first link are counted to obtain the total number of interference links corresponding to the first link; wherein the first link and the second link are both links in the transmission path;

[0023] For example, nodes i, j and m, n form link b, s. If node i is within the interference range of node m, then the element Indicates that there is mutual interference between link xy and link uv, otherwise, It means that there is no interference between the two links. The total number of interfering links on link s is:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, links b and s belong to the set E of links in the transmission path, I s Represents the total number of interfering links of link s.

[0026] S23: Calculate the total interference power received by the link according to the total number of interference links of the link;

[0027]

[0028] Among them, P e,N Indicates the total interference power received by the link, P i is the transmit power of the i-th CPE node in the transmission path; I represents the communication distance between the i-th CPE node and the i-th CPE node in the transmission path; e is the total number of interference links of link e, β is the path loss factor, and in the industrial wireless Mesh network constructed by the present invention, all CPE nodes are homogeneous nodes, that is, they have the same communication radius, perception radius, and transmission power.

[0029] S3: Calculate the optimal channel allocation scheme for the transmission path based on the total interference power received by the link and the total number of interfering links using the Shannon formula and the whale swarm optimization algorithm;

[0030] S31: The links in the transmission path are used as the population of the whale algorithm, and the position of each whale individual is randomly assigned as the channel of the link; and the maximum number of iterations is set; there are 11 channels available in the present invention, and the greater the overlap between channels, the greater the interference to adjacent links. Therefore, assigning different channels to the links can make the transmission speed of the links different. The present invention can obtain the maximum transmission speed of the transmission path, that is, the throughput, within the preset transmission delay through a specific whale population optimization algorithm.

[0031] S32: Calculate the transmission rate of the link using the Shannon formula based on the total interference power received by the link, the total number of interfering links of the link, and the channel of the link;

[0032] C e =B e log2(1+SINR e )

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] Among them, B e is the channel bandwidth of link e, P i is the transmission power of the i-th CPE node in the transmission path; P e,N represents the total interference power suffered by link e; I irepresents the sum of the total number of interference links of the two links containing the i-th CPE node in the transmission path, I j represents the sum of the total number of interfering links of the two links containing the j-th CPE node in the transmission path; represents the communication distance between the ith CPE node and the ith CPE node in the preset transmission path, C e Indicates the transmission rate of link e.

[0036] S33: Calculate the group fitness value of the whale population according to the total interference power of the link, the size of the data packet to be sent, and the transmission rate of the link; if the current group fitness value of the whale population is greater than the historical best group fitness value of the whale population, replace the historical best group fitness value of the whale population with the current group fitness value of the whale population;

[0037] Preferably, the calculating of the group fitness value of the whale population according to the total interference power of the link, the size of the data packet to be sent and the transmission rate of the link includes:

[0038] S331: Calculate the transmission delay of each link in the transmission path for transmitting the data packet to be sent according to the size of the data packet to be sent and the transmission rate of the link;

[0039]

[0040] Among them, C e Indicates the transmission rate of link e, Data indicates the size of the data packet to be sent, in KB, T e Indicates the transmission delay of the data packet to be sent on link e.

[0041] S332: Adding the transmission delays of all links in the transmission path for transmitting the data packet to be sent to obtain the transmission delay for the server to send the data packet to the terminal device;

[0042]

[0043] Among them, m is the total number of hops of the path, that is, the number of links, T k is the transmission delay of the k-th link to transmit the data packet to be sent, T total Indicates the transmission delay from the server to the terminal device for sending the data packet to be sent;

[0044] S333: When the transmission delay of the server sending the data packet to be sent to the terminal device is less than or equal to the preset transmission delay, the maximum throughput of the path is calculated according to the transmission rate of the link as the fitness value of the current whale population;

[0045] Preferably, the fitness value of the whale population includes:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, link e belongs to the link set R of the path; C e is the transmission rate of link e, C max represents the maximum throughput of the path, T total It represents the transmission delay of the server sending the data packet to the terminal device, T th Indicates the preset transmission delay.

[0048] When the transmission delay of the server sending the data packet to be sent to the terminal device is greater than the preset transmission delay, step S34 is executed:

[0049] S34: Generate an indicator parameter ρ, and update the location of the whale population according to the preset number of iterations and the indicator parameter ρ (i.e., update the channel allocation scheme of all links);

[0050] When the indicator parameter ρ is less than or equal to the set threshold (set to 0.5 in the present invention), the position vector of the whale individual is iteratively updated using the shrinkage and random search of the whale algorithm;

[0051]

[0052] A=δ*(2*γ-1)

[0053] C=2*γ

[0054] Among them, t is the current iteration number; A and C are adjustment factors; X best (t) is the optimal solution corresponding to the best fitness value of the whale population in history; X rand (t) is a randomly generated position vector; X(t) represents the position of the whale individual in round t, that is, the channel allocated by the link; δ is a value that decreases according to the number of iterations and ranges from (2, 0); γ ​​is a random value and ranges from (1, 0).

[0055] When the indicator parameter ρ is greater than the set threshold, the spiral ascent of the whale algorithm is used to iteratively update the whale's individual position vector;

[0056] X(t+1)=|X best (t)-X(t)|*e b*l *cos(2*π*l)+X best (t)

[0057] Where b is a constant, usually 1, which controls the rotation angle of the spiral. l is a random number in the range [-1, 1], which controls the spacing between spirals. In this formula, e represents the natural base.

[0058] S35: Generate a test vector for the individual whale using a binomial crossover algorithm based on the historical position vector of the individual whale;

[0059]

[0060] Among them, U(t+1) represents the trial vector of the whale individual, X(t+1) represents the position vector of the whale individual after update, CR is the crossover probability, and the value range is [0,1]; ∈ is a random number, and the value range is [0,1].

[0061] S36: Obtain the final position vector of the current whale individual based on the test vector of the whale individual and the updated position vector of the current whale individual; repeat steps S32-S36 until the maximum number of iterations is reached to obtain the solution corresponding to the historical best fitness value of the whale group, that is, the optimal channel allocation plan for the transmission path.

[0062] In the present invention, the position of an individual whale represents the channel allocation of a link.

[0063]

[0064] Among them, X(t+1) ′ represents the final position vector of the whale, f(U(t+1)) represents the group fitness value corresponding to the whale at time U(t+1), and f(X(t+1)) represents the group fitness value corresponding to the whale at its current position. Greedily selecting the better vector as the optimal vector for the next iteration accelerates the algorithm's convergence.

[0065] S4: Allocate the channel of each link according to the optimal channel allocation scheme of the transmission path to complete the transmission of the data packet to be sent.

[0066] The channel allocation method solved by the present invention can effectively avoid interference between channels in the same or adjacent frequency domains. It also improves the whale algorithm by adding a binomial crossover operation after the position update, generating a test vector from the existing position vector, greedily selecting the optimal position vector as the latest position vector, and accelerating the convergence of the algorithm. The channel allocation method of the present invention solves the channel allocation scheme with a relatively short delay and can minimize inter-channel interference in the dense 5G network environment of industrial wireless mesh networks, fully utilizing network resources and improving overall network performance.

[0067] The above-mentioned measures have been implemented to further explain in detail the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred implementation modes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made to the present invention within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A channel allocation method based on 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network, characterized in that: include: S1: Build an industrial wireless mesh network using 5G CPE. CPE nodes generate paths to transmit data packets based on the mesh network's default routing protocol, HWMP. Any two adjacent CPE nodes in the transmission path form a link. S2: Calculate the total interference power of each link in the transmission path and the total number of interfering links according to the protocol interference model; S3: Calculate the optimal channel allocation scheme for the transmission path based on the total interference power received by the link and the total number of interfering links using the Shannon formula and the whale swarm optimization algorithm; The method of calculating the optimal channel allocation scheme for the transmission path using the Shannon formula and the whale group optimization algorithm according to the total interference power received by the link and the total number of interference links of the link includes: S31: Use the links in the transmission path as the population of the whale algorithm, randomly assign the position of each whale individual as the channel of the link; and set the maximum number of iterations; S32: Calculate the transmission rate of the link using the Shannon formula based on the total interference power received by the link, the total number of interfering links of the link, and the channel of the link; S33: Calculate the group fitness value of the whale population according to the total interference power of the link, the size of the data packet to be sent, and the transmission rate of the link; if the current group fitness value of the whale population is greater than the historical best group fitness value of the whale population, replace the historical best group fitness value of the whale population with the current group fitness value of the whale population; The steps for calculating the group fitness value of the whale population include: S331: Calculate the transmission delay of each link in the transmission path for transmitting the data packet to be sent according to the size of the data packet to be sent and the transmission rate of the link; S332: Adding the transmission delays of all links in the transmission path for transmitting the data packet to be sent to obtain the transmission delay for the server to send the data packet to the terminal device; S333: When the transmission delay from the server to the terminal device to send the data packet to be sent is less than or equal to the preset transmission delay, the maximum throughput of the path is calculated according to the transmission rate of the link as the fitness value of the current whale population; when the transmission delay from the server to the terminal device to send the data packet to be sent is greater than the preset transmission delay, step S34 is executed; S34: Generate an indicator parameter p, and update the position of the whale population according to a preset number of iterations and the indicator parameter ρ; S35: Generate a test vector for the individual whale using a binomial crossover algorithm based on the historical position vector of the individual whale; S36: Obtain the final position vector of the current whale individual based on the test vector of the whale individual and the updated position vector of the current whale individual; repeat steps S32-S36 until the maximum number of iterations is reached to obtain the solution corresponding to the historical best fitness value of the whale group, that is, the optimal channel allocation solution for the transmission path; S4: Allocate the channel of each link according to the optimal channel allocation scheme of the transmission path to complete the transmission of the data packet to be sent.

2. A channel allocation method based on a 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total interference power received by each link in the transmission path and the total number of interference links of the link are calculated according to the protocol interference model: S21: Calculate the interference range of the CPE node in the transmission path according to the protocol interference model; S22: Calculate the total number of interference links for each link in the transmission path according to the interference range of the CPE nodes in the transmission path; S23: Calculate the total interference power received by the link according to the total number of interference links of the link.

3. A channel allocation method based on a 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network according to claim 2, characterized in that: The interference range of the CPE node includes: Among them, D i represents the interference range of the i-th CPE node in the transmission path, β is the path loss factor, is the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, P N is the noise power of CPE, P is the transmit power of CPE, It represents the communication distance between the i-th CPE node and the j-th CPE node in the transmission path.

4. A channel allocation method based on a 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network according to claim 2, characterized in that: The total interference power received by the link includes: Among them, P e,N Indicates the total interference power received by the link, P i is the transmit power of the i-th CPE node in the transmission path; I represents the communication distance between the i-th CPE node and the j-th CPE node in the transmission path; e is the total number of interfering links of link e, and β is the path loss factor.

5. A channel allocation method based on a 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fitness values ​​of the whale population include: Among them, link e belongs to the link set R of the path; C e is the transmission rate of link e, C max It represents the maximum throughput of the transmission path, that is, the fitness value of the whale population, T total It represents the transmission delay of the server sending the data packet to the terminal device, T th Indicates the preset transmission delay.

6. A channel allocation method based on a 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The updating of the position of the whale population according to the preset number of iterations and the indicator parameter ρ includes: When the indicator parameter ρ is less than or equal to the set threshold, the whale algorithm's shrinkage and random search are used to iteratively update the position vector of the whale individual; When the indicator parameter ρ is greater than the set threshold, the spiral ascent of the whale algorithm is used to iteratively update the whale's individual position vector.

7. A channel allocation method based on a 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test vectors for the individual whales include: Among them, U(t+1) represents the trial vector of the whale individual, X(t+1) represents the position vector of the whale individual after update, CR is the crossover probability, and the value range is [0,1]; ∈ is a random number, and the value range is [0,1].

8. The channel allocation method based on 5G CPE wireless industrial Mesh network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The final position vector of the individual whale includes: Among them, X(t+1) ′ represents the final position vector of the whale individual, f(U(f+1)) represents the group fitness value corresponding to the whale individual at U(t+1), and f(X(t+1)) represents the group fitness value corresponding to the whale individual at the current position.

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