Ambulatory defibrillator

Abstract

A method for performing CPR using a mobile defibrillator (AED) unit can include detecting, via an application on a user device, a connection of the mobile AED unit to the user device; detecting, via the application, that a pad has been attached to a subject, the pad including at least one accelerometer; recording, via the application, EKG measurements of the subject taken by the pad; receiving accelerometer data from the at least one accelerometer; analyzing the accelerometer data to determine a breathing pattern of the subject; and initiating a CPR protocol based on the determined breathing pattern.

Description

[0001] Priority requirements

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 938,275, filed July 24, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field Background Technology

[0004] Cardiac arrest (e.g., heart failure) can involve the sudden loss of cardiac function, breathing, and consciousness. In many cases, this can be caused by electrical interference in the heart that disrupts its pumping action, potentially stopping blood flow. In the United States alone, more than 300,000 people die from cardiac arrest outside of hospitals each year. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a mobile defibrillator system for a subject may include: a device capable of running an application; and a mobile defibrillator (AED) unit configured to connect to the device, the mobile AED unit including a pad. Via the application, the device may be configured to: detect when the mobile AED unit is connected to the device; analyze health data associated with the subject, the health data being stored on the application; determine that the pad has been attached to the subject; determine a shock pattern for administering to the subject based on the health data; and administer the shock pattern to the subject. In some embodiments, the determined shock pattern may include multiple shocks. Each shock may include a duration and an energy level. The shock pattern may also include a defined duration between shocks.

[0006] In some embodiments, health data may include at least one of data associated with pulse rate frequency, pulse rate variability, heart rhythm, EKG complex configuration, ST segment elevation, loss, myocardial ischemia, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation. In some embodiments, the device may be configured to, via an application, measure the current flowing between the pads; and, based on the measured current, display on the device a suggestion for changing the distance between the pads. In some embodiments, determining the shock pattern to be administered to the subject based on health data may include analyzing the health data using a machine learning model trained with historical defibrillator performance data and the health data.

[0007] In some embodiments, the device may be configured to send performance and health data associated with AED performance to a server via a network. In some embodiments, the server may be configured to receive performance and health data from multiple user devices and multiple mobile AEDs, and to retrain or update, or retrain and update, a machine learning model based on the received performance and health data. In some embodiments, the performance and health data may include at least one of the following: pulse rate frequency, pulse rate variability, heart rhythm, EKG complex configuration, ST segment elevation, loss, myocardial ischemia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, user interface, and user experience optimization.

[0008] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a method for performing self-rescue using a portable AED unit may include: detecting a connection between the portable AED unit and the user device via an application on the user device; detecting via the application that the pad has been attached to the object; recording EKG measurements of the object taken by the pad via the application; determining an action to be taken using the portable AED based on the recorded EKG measurements and pre-programmed risk factors associated with the object; and performing the action on the object via the application and the user device. In some embodiments, the action may include at least one of the following: administering a shock pattern to the object; continuing to record EKG measurements; and initiating a CPR protocol.

[0009] In some embodiments, the action may include administering an electric shock pattern to an object, the method of which may include determining the electric shock pattern to be administered to the object based on health data and pre-programmed risk factors associated with the object. The electric shock pattern may include multiple electric shocks. Each electric shock may include a duration and an energy level. The electric shock pattern may also include a defined duration between electric shocks. In some embodiments, the pre-programmed risk factors are received as user input via a user interface on a user device in an application.

[0010] In some embodiments, the method may include sending performance and health data associated with AED performance to a server via a network through the device. In some embodiments, the pad may include at least one accelerometer, and determining the action may include: receiving accelerometer data from the at least one accelerometer; analyzing the accelerometer data to determine the subject's breathing pattern; and initiating a CPR protocol based on the determined breathing pattern.

[0011] In some embodiments, the server may be configured to receive performance and health data from multiple user devices and multiple mobile AEDs, and to retrain or update, or retrain and update, machine learning models for analyzing EKG measurements and machine learning models for determining pad placement based on the received performance and health data. In some embodiments, determining that an action is applying an electric shock pattern to an object may include: in response to detecting that the pad has been attached to the object, displaying a notification to the object via an application at a predefined frequency; determining that the object has not responded to at least one message within a time period; and in response to determining that the object has not responded, determining that an action is applying an electric shock pattern to the object. Each message may indicate a time period for response.

[0012] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a method for performing CPR using a mobile defibrillator (AED) unit may include: detecting a connection between the mobile AED unit and the user device via an application on the user device; detecting via the application that a pad has been attached to the object, the pad including at least one accelerometer; recording via the application an EKG measurement of the object taken by the pad; receiving accelerometer data from the at least one accelerometer; analyzing the accelerometer data to determine the object's breathing pattern; and initiating a CPR protocol based on the determined breathing pattern. In some embodiments, initiating a CPR protocol may include: displaying instructions to the user on the device to provide CPR to the object.

[0013] In some embodiments, the received accelerometer data may be first accelerometer data, and the method may further include: receiving second accelerometer data from at least one accelerometer while performing CPR on the object; analyzing the second accelerometer data to determine the frequency and force of the compressions; and displaying suggestions on a user device to change at least one of the frequency and force of the compressions. In some embodiments, the method may include: determining a shock pattern to be administered to the object based on health data and EKG measurements; and administering the shock pattern to the object in accordance with a CPR protocol. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings (in which the same reference numerals refer to the same or functionally similar elements in all different views) are incorporated in and form part of the specification together with the following detailed description, and are used to further illustrate embodiments including the concepts of the claimed invention and to explain the various principles and advantages of these embodiments.

[0015] Figure 1 This is an example mobile automated external defibrillator (AED) system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2 This is an example circuit diagram of a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of a mobile AED device system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 4 These are example procedures for using a mobile AED according to some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 5 These are example processing for using a mobile AED-assisted CPR according to some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6 This is an example procedure for self-rescue using a portable AED according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 7 This is an example process for providing updates to multiple mobile AEDs according to some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 8 According to some embodiments of this disclosure, it is possible to Figure 1 and / or Figure 3 Example computing devices used within the system.

[0023] Figure 9 According to some embodiments of this disclosure, it is possible to Figure 3 Example server devices used within the system.

[0024] Those skilled in the art will understand that the elements in the figures are shown for simplicity and clarity and are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some elements in the figures may be enlarged relative to other elements to aid in understanding the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0025] The structural components of the safety system have been indicated in the drawings with conventional symbols where appropriate. Only those specific details relevant to understanding embodiments of this disclosure are shown so that those skilled in the art who benefit from the description herein will not be misled by details that are readily apparent. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The availability of public defibrillators, or automated external defibrillators (AEDs), can have a significant impact on the survival of people experiencing cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest patients who receive a shock from a publicly available AED have a much higher survival rate. Without cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the chance of death increases by 10% per minute. However, widespread public use of AEDs remains impractical. Other challenges associated with widespread AED use include the lack of necessary training among many in the "public" to resuscitate and / or treat cardiac arrest patients, the high knowledge threshold for initiating CPR, and the fact that current AED solutions can be expensive, cumbersome, and may have an unfamiliar user experience.

[0027] Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure relate to mobile AEDs that can be controlled via an application on a device (e.g., a smartphone, tablet, laptop, watch, or car entertainment system). In some embodiments, the mobile AED of this disclosure can be carried by a user (e.g., in a pocket or wallet) and connected to a mobile device via a plug-in cable connector (e.g., a USB-C connection). In some embodiments, some of the AED's operating logic can be offloaded to the mobile device, and a user interface can be provided via an application that allows the user to control the AED; this can reduce the cost and barrier to entry for such devices. The mobile AED described herein can utilize the existing battery, operating system (e.g., iOS, Android, etc.), speaker, voice assistant, video, GPS, WiFi, and / or mobile network connectivity of the device to which it is connected. In some embodiments, the mobile AED may also include additional ports for connection to a portable power source or other external power source for charging and / or power supply.

[0028] The mobile AED disclosed herein can be smaller and more widely available than any previous attempt. It can be used by anyone with access to a device having a microphone, speaker, data storage, and power supply. The pad / electrodes used in conjunction with the mobile AED may include an accelerometer, and the defibrillator unit may include shock circuitry. This can create a portable and more versatile mobile AED. The mobile AED and application / device system can be configured to operate an algorithm that: can analyze whether the subject has a heart rhythm requiring defibrillation; can automatically call for help (e.g., locally using a speaker / siren or via a telephone network to emergency responders); can guide local helpers to perform CPR and resuscitation by displaying what to do on the device's screen and issuing instructions via the speaker; can locate other nearby mobile AEDs; can generate a sufficiently strong voltage for an effective shock; can generate repetitive shocks; and can compile all data during processing and continuously learn new AED behaviors and improve the device using the data.

[0029] Figure 1 This is an example of a mobile AED 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The mobile AED 100 may include a defibrillator unit 102 detachably connected to the device 101 via a connection 103. The defibrillator unit 102 may include circuitry (see...). Figure 2 The circuitry is configured to generate a specific pulse or electric shock to be administered to a patient in cardiac arrest. Note that while device 101 is depicted as a smartphone in the illustration of the mobile AED 100, this is not limiting. Device 101 can be other devices with an operating system capable of running applications, such as tablets, laptops, computers, watches, or car entertainment systems. In some embodiments, connection 103 may include a USB-C connection or other similar connection. When connection 103 connects device 101 and defibrillator unit 102, connection 103 may allow control of defibrillator unit 102 via a user interface and applications on device 101. In some embodiments, defibrillator unit 102 may optionally include an additional connection port to a power source 104 (e.g., a portable charger, socket, etc.), which may also be a USB-C port or a different port than the one used for connection 103.

[0030] The defibrillator unit 102 may include additional ports for connection to a lead wire 105; the lead wire 105 may act as a medium through which an electric shock determined and / or generated by circuitry within the defibrillator 102 may be delivered to pads 106a-106b. Pads 106a-106b may be any standard defibrillator pad known in the art and may be configured to adhere to a patient's body and operate as electrodes to feed current from the defibrillator unit 102 into the body. In some embodiments, pads 106a-106b may also include an accelerometer. In some embodiments, when the defibrillator unit 102 is connected or inserted into device 101, a user can connect to a video assistant expert 107. In some embodiments, the expert team may be available on call and may communicate with the user of the device. For example, if someone suddenly experiences cardiac arrest, a nearby person can connect the defibrillator unit 102 to device 101, navigate to the app (or the app may automatically open in response to a connection), and select the option to immediately join a video session with an expert who can assist the person in administering shocks and / or CPR to the patient. In some embodiments, a person can also connect to emergency services (e.g., call 911) via the app on device 101. In some embodiments, the app on device 101 can be configured to be remotely controlled by first responders or mobile AED specialists. Because the defibrillator unit 102 is controlled by the app on device 101, this allows first responders to physically control and administer shocks to objects connected to the defibrillator unit 102. In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 can be configured to receive power from a 220V power source or outlet, or from a 12V outlet in a vehicle.

[0031] In some embodiments, the application on device 101 can also be configured to receive data from an external device connected to user device 101, such as a smartwatch or other similar device for monitoring the subject. For example, a person's smartwatch can consistently monitor their heartbeat and transmit that information to user device 101. Application 304 can be configured to monitor and analyze the subject's heartbeat and potentially identify and / or detect dangerous rhythms (e.g., rapid ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or other rhythm indicators that a neural network has been trained to detect). In response to detecting a dangerous rhythm, the application can be configured to notify the subject via device 101 and instruct them to connect their portable AED and mat, and potentially initiate a self-rescue protocol.

[0032] Figure 2 This is an example circuit diagram 200 of a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Circuit 200 may include... Figure 1Within the defibrillator unit 102. In some embodiments, circuitry 200 may include a charger 201, switches 202 and 203, an inductor 204, a resistor 205, a transfer resistor 206, and a capacitor 207. In some embodiments, the transfer resistor 206 may represent the resistance present in the human body between pads 106a and 106b when pads 106a and 106b are connected. When switches 202 and 203 are in the left-hand position (e.g.) Figure 2 As shown), charger 201 can charge capacitor 207. In some embodiments, charger 201 may represent a connected device (e.g., Figure 1 Device 101), external mobile power supply (e.g., Figure 1 A power bank 104) or a combination of both batteries. Switches 202 and 203 can be controlled via logic within device 101 and via an application that the user can navigate on device 101. For example, the application can determine when an electric shock (e.g., a current / energy pulse) should be administered to the patient, and in order to administer the shock, switches 202 and 203 move to the right-hand position. Figure 2 (Not shown in the diagram), this allows current to flow from capacitor 207 through the patient, inductor 204, and resistor 205. As current flows through the patient's heart, it can be used to resuscitate the object until caregivers or other emergency response teams are able to stabilize it. In some embodiments, circuit 200 can be configured to repeatedly deliver pulses up to 200 J for up to one hour.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of a system 300 for a mobile AED device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, system 300 may include a plurality of user devices 302a-302n (typically user device 302) communicatively coupled to server device 310 via network 308. Note that for illustrative purposes, system 300 includes two user devices 302a-302n, but any number of user devices may be included within the system of this disclosure.

[0034] In some embodiments, network 308 may include one or more wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), local area networks (LANs), personal area networks (PANs), or any combination of these networks. Network 308 may include a combination of one or more types of networks, such as the Internet, intranets, Ethernet, twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optic, cellular, satellite, IEEE 801.11, ground stations, and / or other types of wired or wireless networks. Network 308 may also use standard communication technologies and / or protocols.

[0035] In some embodiments, user equipment 302 can be with Figure 1The device 302 is similar to or the same as the device 101. For example, user device 302 may include a smartphone, tablet, laptop, watch, car entertainment system, or a combination of similar types of devices that can run software applications and utilize an operating system. User device 302 may include one or more computing devices capable of receiving user input and transmitting and / or receiving data via network 308 or communicating with server device 310. In some embodiments, user device 302 may include a conventional computer system, such as a desktop or laptop computer. Alternatively, user device 302 may include a device with computer capabilities, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA) or other suitable device. In addition, each user device 302 may include a specially installed application 304 for use in conjunction with a connected mobile AED 306. Application 304 may include software instructions that may be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, which, when executed by a processor (e.g., a processor within user device 302), may perform various processes related to administering an electric shock as an AED and reading an EKG in conjunction with mobile AED 306. Note that the combination Figures 4-7 Describe additional details related to AED handling.

[0036] Server device 310 may include any combination of one or more of a network server, mainframe computer, general-purpose computer, personal computer, or other types of computing devices. Server device 310 may represent a distributed server located remotely and communicating via a communication network or a private network such as a local area network (LAN). Server device 310 may also include one or more back-end servers for performing one or more aspects of this disclosure. In some embodiments, server device 108 may be associated with the following... Figure 7 The server device described in the background is the same as or similar to the 700.

[0037] like Figure 3As shown, server device 310 may include an AED improvement module 312, an update module 314, and an AED tracking module 316. Furthermore, server device 310 may be communicatively coupled to database 318. In some embodiments, AED improvement module 312 may include one or more models / algorithms trained via machine learning, which can be used to continuously improve AED and / or CPR performance timeouts. In some embodiments, AED improvement module 312 may be configured to continuously receive performance data from user device 302 and retrain or update the models to reflect newly received performance data. In some embodiments, AED improvement module 312 may also access emergency health records and other external databases to obtain additional training data. In some embodiments, AED improvement module 312 may be configured to analyze, retrain, and / or update various machine learning models related to AED performance, such as models determining the length and level of the initial pulse, pad placement, body part detection, frequency of providing additional pulses, amount of energy in each pulse, and various other decisions related to electrocardiogram (EKG) readings, which will be combined with... Figures 4-7 It was described in further detail.

[0038] In some embodiments, the update module 314 may be configured to package or merge the updated / retrained model from the AED improvement module 312 into a software update and distribute the update to the user device 302. In some embodiments, the user device 302 may receive the update via download from an app store. Furthermore, the AED tracking module 316 may be configured to track the location of each mobile AED 306. In some embodiments, the AED tracking module 316 may utilize GPS coordinates obtained from the user device 302. In some embodiments, the AED tracking module 316 may allow the user to search for nearby mobile AEDs 306 via an application 304 on the user device 302.

[0039] Various system components, such as modules 312-316 and 304a-304n, can be implemented using hardware and / or software, which are configured to perform and implement processes, steps, or other functions in conjunction with the various system components.

[0040] Figure 4This is an example process 400 for using a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, process 400 may be performed by a user device (e.g., user device 302 and / or user device 101). In some embodiments, the execution of process 400 may be assisted by a user interacting with the user device. For example, in response to a person experiencing cardiac arrest, a bystander or friend or other individual may utilize the mobile AED of the present disclosure and an application (e.g., application 304) on the user device to perform process 400. At block 401, user device 302 may (e.g., via application 304) detect an AED connection. For example, a user may locate the mobile AED (e.g., defibrillator unit 102) and (e.g., by inserting it into a connection cable) connect the defibrillator unit 102 to the user device. The user device (e.g., via application 304) may detect that the defibrillator unit 102 has been connected. At block 402, user device 302 may open application 304. In some embodiments, application 304 may open automatically in response to the detection of a defibrillator connection; in some embodiments, the application may be opened manually by the user.

[0041] At box 403, application 304 can analyze data associated with an object (e.g., a person who has recently suffered cardiac arrest). For example, application 304 may store demographic and health information associated with the object by previously allowing the object access to input self-description information. Application 304 may store various types of information, such as height, weight, age, blood pressure, previous EKG rating, medical history, etc. In some embodiments, application 304 may be configured to use machine learning algorithms to analyze object information to make various determinations related to the remaining steps for implementing AED treatment. In some embodiments, the analysis may be performed outside of user device 302; for example, object data may be sent and processed by a server (e.g., server 310), and the results of the processing may be transmitted to user device 302 to influence treatment.

[0042] At box 404, application 304 can detect pad placement. In some embodiments, application 304 can be configured to detect whether a human body is connected between the two pads based on electrical measurements (e.g., current) from pads 106a-106b. In some embodiments, detecting pad placement can include, once the pads (e.g., pads 106a-106b) are placed on the body of an object (e.g., below the object's right collarbone and below the object's left armpit), application 304 can detect the amount of current flowing between the object and the pads. Based on the intensity of the detected current, application 304 can determine whether the pads are too far apart or too close together. For example, application 304 can utilize a threshold current range and compare the detected current to a threshold. If the detected current is higher or lower than the threshold, application 304 can display a warning to the user on the device suggesting that the pads be moved closer or further apart.

[0043] At box 405, application 304 can be configured to determine a shock pattern to be administered to the object. In some embodiments, determining the shock pattern may include application 304 using a machine learning model to analyze data associated with the object (e.g., height, weight, pad placement, EKG measurements, etc.) and output a shock pattern to resuscitate the object. In some embodiments, application 304 may acquire and analyze data via a connected pad (e.g., as an EKG machine) prior to determining the shock pattern and use the acquired data to determine the shock pattern. For example, a machine learning model may be trained to determine the shock pattern based on data such as pulse rate (frequency and variability), all types of heart rhythms, configuration of the EKG complex, ST segment elevation (e.g., vertical distance between the EKG trace and the baseline), loss of heart rhythm, and signals such as cardiac ischemia, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. Application 304 may also be configured to detect certain respiratory patterns associated with premature ventricular contractions as triggering events. In some embodiments, the machine learning model may include a neural network with multiple nodes trained to map the aforementioned types of health data to various factors (e.g., duration, timing, and energy level) in the shock pattern. In some embodiments, application 304 may be configured to estimate the subject's fat percentage based on electrical measurements received from pads 106a-106b, which can be used to determine the shock pattern. In some embodiments, the machine learning model may also be configured to predict whether the subject will experience a "return of spontaneous circulation" (ROCS), which may include the restoration of sustained cardiac perfusion activity. This can be predicted by analyzing respiration, movement, pulse, and blood pressure.

[0044] In some embodiments, the shock pattern may include the duration and level (e.g., energy level in joules) of multiple energy pulses. In some embodiments, the initial pulse for a subject experiencing cardiac arrest may be important for resuscitation. At block 406, application 304 may cause defibrillator unit 102 to administer a defined shock pattern to the subject. Administering the shock pattern may include powering circuitry (e.g., circuitry 200) within defibrillator unit 102 using the power supply of user device 302. A potential advantage of utilizing the power supply circuitry within a mobile device is that it can provide a cheaper device, which ultimately makes it more accessible to more people and increases its adoption rate. In some embodiments, application 304 may be configured to warn nearby people before the shock pattern is administered. For example, application 304 may utilize the speaker and user interface of device 101 to emit an audible and display warning to keep people away while the shock is being administered. This can prevent electric shock or injury to others. In some embodiments, after the shock pattern is completed, application 304 may display and issue another message indicating that the alarm has been cleared.

[0045] In some embodiments, the mobile AED can be configured to operate as an EKG for a period of time before determining the shock pattern at block 406. The application can be configured to receive data and EKG measurements and make various determinations related to the shock pattern based on these measurements. In some embodiments, upon completion of any shock pattern implemented, all data / information associated with the process can be sent from user equipment 302 to server 310, specifically to AED improvement module 312. AED improvement module 312 can utilize the received information to update and / or retrain any machine learning models related to determining the shock pattern and pad placement based on demographic and health data and EKG measurements. In some embodiments, a large number of mobile AEDs can be utilized, providing a large and rich dataset for continuously updating algorithms and models related to AED performance. Due to the operational nature of this disclosure (implementing AEDs using an application interface within a standard operating system), this allows for continuous updating and improvement of AED performance.

[0046] In some embodiments, process 400 can be performed using a video assistant and / or a voice assistant. For example, application 304 can be configured to utilize any voice assistant functionality on the device (e.g., Alexa, Google Assistant, Siri, voice systems in vehicles, etc.). For instance, if someone opens the application but doesn't know how to administer an AED to a patient, that person can communicate with application 304 via a voice assistant and request assistance. In some embodiments, the application can connect to an expert via video and can activate a camera on mobile device 302. In some embodiments, a team of experts capable of handling incoming video connections can be assembled. Each expert can be equipped with knowledge of how to operate mobile AED 306, which can provide rapid and effective assistance and reliable information in emergencies. This can be more beneficial than the ability to connect to a doctor or similar person because there is no availability issue. In some embodiments, application 304 can also allow users to connect immediately to law enforcement and / or emergency responders. In some embodiments, in response to notifying law enforcement or emergency responders via application 304, GPS and medical data associated with the object can be immediately forwarded to law enforcement via application 304. This can provide valuable information to emergency responders in advance, saving potentially valuable time once personnel arrive at the scene.

[0047] In some embodiments, application 304 can also assist in performing CPR based on the applied shock pattern. In some embodiments, application 304 can be configured to detect the intensity of compressions applied by an individual to a subject's chest by analyzing the force on pads 106a-106b. Application 304 can provide instructions to the user, such as "press harder" or "press more gently." Additional details regarding CPR are combined... Figure 5 To describe.

[0048] Figure 5This is an example procedure 500 for using a mobile AED to assist CPR according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, procedure 500 may be performed by application 304 on device 101. Furthermore, in some embodiments, procedure 500 may be performed in conjunction with procedure 400 (e.g., simultaneously or sequentially). In some embodiments, the execution of procedure 500 may be assisted by a user interacting with the user device. For example, in response to a person experiencing cardiac arrest, a bystander or friend or other individual may utilize the mobile AED of the present disclosure and an application (e.g., application 304) on the user device to perform procedure 500. At block 501, user device 302 may (e.g., via application 304) detect AED connection. For example, a user may locate the mobile AED (e.g., defibrillator unit 102) and (e.g., by inserting it into a connection cable) connect the defibrillator unit 102 to the user device. The user device (e.g., via application 304) may detect that the defibrillator unit 102 has been connected. At block 502, user device 302 may open application 304. In some embodiments, application 304 may open automatically in response to the detection of a defibrillator connection; in other embodiments, the application may be opened manually by the user.

[0049] At box 503, application 304 can detect pad placement. In some embodiments, application 304 can be configured to detect whether a human body is connected between the two pads based on electrical measurements (e.g., current) from pads 106a-106b. In some embodiments, detecting pad placement can include, once the pads (e.g., pads 106a-106b) are placed on the body of an object (e.g., below the object's right collarbone and below the object's left armpit), application 304 can detect the amount of current flowing between the object and the pads. Based on the intensity of the detected current, application 304 can determine whether the pads are too far apart or too close together. For example, application 304 can utilize a threshold current range and compare the detected current to a threshold. If the detected current is higher or lower than the threshold, application 304 can display a warning to the user on the device suggesting that the pads be moved closer or further apart.

[0050] At box 504, pads 106a-106b are now attached to an individual's body. Pads 106a-106b can operate as electrodes, and application 304 can record EKG measurements of the person's cardiac behavior. In some embodiments, recording EKG measurements may include sensing the electrical activity of the subject's heart while the pads are attached. The electrical activity can be detected and sent to application 304 for various analytical purposes. Application 304 can be configured to monitor and analyze EKG measurements and detect irregularities / abnormalities or any disturbances or factors that may indicate a possible heart attack or cardiac arrest. This analysis can be performed via a machine learning model trained using a large amount of patient data already obtained from emergency health records and real-time data from other mobile AEDs 306 connected to server device 310. In some embodiments, application 304 can acquire and analyze (e.g., as an EKG machine) data via the connected pad, such as pulse rate (frequency and variability), all types of heart rhythms, configuration of the EKG complex, ST segment elevation (e.g., vertical distance between the EKG trace and the baseline), loss, and signals such as cardiac ischemia, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.

[0051] At box 505, application 304 may determine that CPR is needed to resuscitate the patient. In some embodiments, determining the need for CPR may include detecting heart rhythm via recorded EKG measurements, which may indicate a lack of blood circulation, such as ventricular tachycardia and / or ventricular fibrillation. In some embodiments, determining the need for CPR may include detecting abnormal breathing. In some embodiments, application 304 may be configured to receive accelerometer data from pads 106a-106b once the pads are placed on the object. Application 304 may be configured to use the accelerometer data to map, analyze, and estimate breathing patterns. For example, application 304 may use the accelerometer data to model chest movements and analyze respiratory rate; if the movement rate differs significantly from a rate of ten to twenty breaths per minute, this may be considered an abnormal breathing pattern and indicate the need for CPR. At box 506, application 304 may initiate a CPR protocol. In some embodiments, the CPR protocol may include video, instructions, or a connection to a video expert to guide the user in providing CPR to the object. Instructions can be displayed on the user's device screen and / or via a voice assistant on the device. In some embodiments, when combined with an electric shock pattern applied to an object (such as...), Figure 4When performing procedure 500 (as described in [the document]), application 304 may provide immediate warnings before and during the shock, and then instruct the user that performing chest compressions is safe. In some embodiments, application 304 may be configured to receive accelerometer data from pads 106a-106b during CPR. Application 304 may be configured to analyze the accelerometer data to detect the rhythm of the chest compressions being performed and may provide feedback to the user regarding frequency and force. For example, chest compressions may be performed at too high or too low a frequency (e.g., below 100 Hz or above 120 Hz), or the chest compressions may not be forceful enough. In some embodiments, initiating a CPR protocol may also include immediately notifying law enforcement and / or first responders.

[0052] Figure 6 This is an example process 600 for self-rescue using a portable AED according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, process 600 can be performed by a person themselves and can be referred to as a “self-rescue” operation. In some embodiments, the portable AED of the present disclosure can be small, lightweight, and portable enough for a person to carry in a wallet, bag, or pocket as a potential life-saving device. However, in self-rescue applications, the portable AED of the present disclosure can also be used by a person during an attack or very early stage of a heart-related illness. In contrast to process 400, which is used to resuscitate a person experiencing heart failure or cardiac arrest who is typically incapacitated to some extent, process 600 can be used by an individual on their own. For example, if a person begins to feel symptoms of a potential impending cardiac arrest (e.g., tingling, heart palpitations, etc.), that person can use a device (e.g., using device 302) to perform process 600 and potentially save themselves.

[0053] In response to any sense of unease, the user can connect his or her mobile AED 306 to their device 302. At block 601, user device 302 can detect the AED connection (e.g., via application 304). For example, the user can locate the mobile AED (e.g., defibrillator unit 102) and connect the defibrillator unit 102 to the user device (e.g., by inserting it into a connection cable). The user device (e.g., via application 304) can detect that the defibrillator unit 102 has been connected. At block 602, user device 302 can open application 304. In some embodiments, application 304 can open automatically in response to the detection of defibrillator connection; in some embodiments, the application can be opened manually by the user.

[0054] At box 603, in response to an individual attaching a pad (e.g., pads 106a-106b) to their body (e.g., on their pectoral muscles, around the heart, etc.), application 304 can detect pad placement. For example, application 304 can be configured to detect whether a person is connected between the two pads based on electrical measurements from pads 106a-106b. At box 604, now that pads 106a-106b are connected to the individual's body and can operate as electrodes, application 304 can record EKG measurements of the person's cardiac behavior. In some embodiments, recording EKG measurements may include sensing the electrical activity of the subject's heart while the pads are attached. Electrical activity can be detected and sent to application 304 for various analytical purposes. Application 304 can be configured to monitor and analyze EKG measurements and detect irregularities / abnormalities or any disturbances or factors that may indicate a possible heart attack or cardiac arrest. This analysis can be performed via a machine learning model trained using a large amount of patient data already obtained from emergency health records and real-time data from other mobile AEDs 306 connected to server device 310. Therefore, at box 605, application 304 can determine the action sequence based on recorded EKG measurements and outcome analysis, as well as pre-specified or pre-programmed risk factors associated with the patient. For example, the patient can submit various information and risk factors within application 304. For example, application 304 can administer a shock pattern at a specific time or by continuously monitoring the person's cardiac behavior. In some embodiments, the implementation of a shock pattern can be induced by detecting a shockable heart rhythm (e.g., ventricular tachycardia and / or ventricular fibrillation) from EKG measurements. In some embodiments, abnormal breathing patterns (such as those related to...) are detected. Figure 5 The aforementioned action may indicate a preference for administering an electric shock. In some embodiments, application 304 may be configured to determine whether the patient is unconscious. For example, after the pad has been attached to the object, application 304 may display a message to the object and request the object to respond in a certain way (e.g., pressing a button saying "Yes, I am conscious" or a verbal response). If the object does not respond within a predefined timeframe, application 304 may determine that the object is unconscious and requires an electric shock. At block 606, application 304 may perform the determined action procedure.

[0055] Figure 7This is an example process 700 for providing updates to multiple mobile AEDs according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, process 700 may be executed by an AED improvement module 312 and an AED update module 314 to continuously, and sometimes in real-time, maintain and update various machine learning algorithms associated with the AED performance of the mobile AEDs of the present disclosure. At block 701, the AED improvement module may be configured to receive AED data from multiple devices (e.g., multiple user devices 302). In some embodiments, the AED data may include EKG measurements, patient health and demographic data, EKG measurements recorded during procedures performed on an individual (e.g., procedures 400, 500, and 600), and other cardiac monitoring-related data. For example, the data may be compiled by application 304 and transmitted via network 308 to server device 310, and ultimately to AED improvement module 312. In some embodiments, application 304 may be configured to anonymize information before transmitting it to server device 310. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the AED improvement module 312 may also be configured to receive user interface data and user experience optimization data, which can be used to continuously improve application performance and AED performance. The data received by the AED improvement module 312 may include data from multiple mobile AEDs as well as data from actual CPR and AED usage; this may include health and medical outcomes and data (e.g., EKG measurements and other health data described elsewhere in the instruction manual), timing data (e.g., detection time, AED preparation time, time of the first shock, etc.), user interface data, user interaction data, data depending on the number of people and (if possible) present personnel, and location data.

[0056] At box 702, the AED enhancement module 312 can train or retrain models, actions, and procedures. For example, the AED enhancement module 312 can use data received from user equipment 302 operating in conjunction with the mobile AED 306 to update or retrain various models maintained in server 310 (note that the models also operate within application 304 on each user equipment 302). In some embodiments, the AED enhancement module 312 can be configured to use certain subsets of the data as training data and other subsets of the data as test data. The AED enhancement module 312 can use the data to update models related to determining pad placement, determining shock patterns (e.g., pulse duration and level), analyzing EKG measurements, and determining actions / procedures to be taken in response to monitoring an individual's EKG measurements during self-rescue procedures.

[0057] At box 703, update module 314 can compile all updated models and algorithms into a software update and provide the update directly to user device 302 or via download from an app store. In some embodiments, boxes 701 and 702 can be executed continuously and in real time; in other words, various models for mobile defibrillation can be continuously updated and trained. However, box 703 can be executed only at individual stages, or after AED improvement module 312 detects a certain level of performance improvement. At box 704, the software update can be distributed to device 302 to run on application 304.

[0058] Figure 8 According to some embodiments of this disclosure, it is possible to Figure 3 The example server device 800 used within the system. Server device 800 can implement the various features and processes described herein. Server device 800 can be implemented on any electronic device running software applications derived from and following instructions, including but not limited to personal computers, servers, smartphones, media players, tablet computers, game controllers, email devices, etc. In some embodiments, server device 800 may include one or more processors 802, volatile memory 804, non-volatile memory 806, and one or more peripheral devices 808. These components may be interconnected via one or more computer buses 810.

[0059] Processor 802 may use any known processor technology, including but not limited to graphics processors and multi-core processors. For example, a suitable processor for executing instruction programs may include general-purpose and special-purpose microprocessors, as well as a single processor or one of multiple processors or cores in any type of computer. Bus 810 may be any known internal or external bus technology, including but not limited to ISA, EISA, PCI, PCI Express, NuBus, USB, Serial ATA, or FireWire. Volatile memory 804 may include, for example, SDRAM. Processor 802 may receive instructions and data from read-only memory or random access memory, or both. The basic elements of a computer may include a processor for executing instructions and one or more memories for storing instructions and data.

[0060] The non-volatile memory 806 may include, for example, semiconductor memory devices (such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices); disks (such as internal hard disks and removable disks); magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The non-volatile memory 806 may store various computer instructions, including operating system instructions 812, communication instructions 815, application instructions 816, and application data 817. The operating system instructions 812 may include instructions for implementing an operating system (e.g., Mac...). The operating system can be multi-user, multi-processor, multi-tasking, multi-threaded, real-time, etc. Communication instructions 815 may include network communication instructions, such as software for implementing communication protocols such as TCP / IP, HTTP, Ethernet, and telephony. Application instructions 816 may include instructions for using the mobile AED to perform an electric shock mode, connecting to law enforcement personnel, displaying instructions for using the mobile AED to perform an electric shock mode, and performing self-rescue operations according to the systems and methods disclosed herein. For example, application instructions 816 may include instructions for combining the above... Figure 1 The instructions for components 110-112 are described.

[0061] Peripheral device 808 may be included within or operatively coupled to communicate with server device 800. Peripheral device 808 may include, for example, a network subsystem 818, an input controller 820, and a disk controller 822. Network subsystem 818 may include, for example, an Ethernet connection via a WiFi adapter. Input controller 820 may be any known input device technology, including but not limited to a keyboard (including a virtual keyboard), a mouse, a trackball, a touchpad, or a display. Disk controller 822 may include one or more mass storage devices for storing data files; such devices include disks, such as internal hard drives and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and optical disks.

[0062] Figure 9 According to some embodiments of this disclosure, it is possible to Figure 1 and / or Figure 3 The example computing device 900 used within the system. In some embodiments, device 900 may be user equipment 101. Illustrative user equipment 900 may include a memory interface 902, one or more data processors, a graphics processor, a central processing unit 904 and / or a security processing unit 905, and a peripheral device subsystem 906. The memory interface 902, one or more processors 904 and / or the security processor 905, and / or the peripheral device subsystem 906 may be separate components or may be integrated into one or more integrated circuits. The various components in user equipment 900 may be coupled via one or more communication buses or signal lines.

[0063] Sensors, devices, and subsystems can be coupled to peripheral device subsystem 906 to facilitate a variety of functions. For example, motion sensor 910, light sensor 912, and proximity sensor 914 can be coupled to peripheral device subsystem 906 to facilitate orientation, illumination, and proximity functions. Other sensors 916 can also be connected to peripheral device subsystem 906 (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) (e.g., GPS receiver), temperature sensor, biometric sensor, magnetometer, or other sensing device) to facilitate related functions.

[0064] The camera subsystem 920 and optical sensor 922 (e.g., a charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) optical sensor) can be used to facilitate camera functions such as recording photos and video clips. The camera subsystem 920 and optical sensor 922 can also be used to collect images of the user for use, for example, during user authentication by performing facial recognition analysis.

[0065] Communication functions can be facilitated by one or more wired and / or wireless communication subsystems 924, which may include radio frequency receivers and transmitters and / or optical (e.g., infrared) receivers and transmitters. For example, Bluetooth (e.g., Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE)) and / or WiFi communication described herein can be handled by the wireless communication subsystem 924. The specific design and implementation of the communication subsystem 924 may depend on the communication network on which the user equipment 900 intends to operate. For example, the user equipment 900 may include the communication subsystem 924, which is designed to operate on GSM networks, GPRS networks, EDGE networks, WiFi or WiMax networks, and Bluetooth. TM Operating on a network. For example, the wireless communication subsystem 924 may include a hosting protocol that allows the device 900 to be configured as a base station for other wireless devices and / or to provide WiFi services.

[0066] The audio subsystem 926 can be coupled to the speaker 928 and microphone 930 to facilitate voice-enabled functions such as speaker recognition, voice copying, digital recording, and telephone functions. For example, the audio subsystem 926 can be configured to facilitate the processing of voice commands, voice printing, and voice authentication.

[0067] I / O subsystem 940 may include touch surface controller 942 and / or other input controller 944. Touch surface controller 942 may be coupled to touch surface 946. Touch surface 946 and touch surface controller 942 may, for example, use any of a variety of touch-sensitive technologies, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch surface 946, to detect contact and movement or interruption of touch surface 946 and touch surface controller 942.

[0068] Other input controllers 944 may be coupled to other input / control devices 948, such as one or more buttons, rocker switches, thumbwheels, infrared ports, USB ports, and / or pointer devices such as pens. One or more buttons (not shown) may include up / down buttons for volume control of the speaker 928 and / or microphone 930.

[0069] In some implementations, pressing the button for a first duration can unlock the touch surface 946; pressing the button for a second duration (longer than the first duration) can turn the power on or off the user device 900. Pressing the button for a third duration can activate a voice control or voice command module, enabling the user to speak commands into the microphone 930 to have the device execute the spoken commands. The user can customize the function of one or more buttons. For example, the touch surface 946 can also be used to implement virtual or flexible buttons and / or a keyboard.

[0070] In some embodiments, user equipment 900 may display recorded audio and / or video files, such as MP3, AAC, and MPEG files. In some embodiments, user equipment 900 may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod. TM Therefore, user equipment 900 may include an iPod-compatible 36-pin connector and / or an 8-pin connector. Other input / output devices and control devices may also be used.

[0071] Memory interface 902 can be coupled to memory 950. Memory 950 may include high-speed random access memory and / or non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, one or more optical storage devices, and / or flash memory (e.g., NAND, NOR). Memory 950 may store operating system 952, such as Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OSX, Windows, or embedded operating system (e.g., VxWorks).

[0072] Operating system 952 may include instructions for handling basic system services and for performing hardware-related tasks. In some embodiments, operating system 952 may be a kernel (e.g., a UNIX kernel). In some embodiments, operating system 952 may include instructions for performing voice authentication.

[0073] The memory 950 may also store communication instructions 954 to facilitate communication with one or more additional devices, one or more computers, and / or one or more servers. The memory 950 may include: graphical user interface instructions 956 to facilitate graphical user interface processing; sensor processing instructions 958 to facilitate sensor-related processing and functions; telephone instructions 960 to facilitate telephone-related processes and functions; electronic messaging instructions 962 to facilitate electronic messaging-related processes and functions; web browsing instructions 964 to facilitate web browsing-related processes and functions; media processing instructions 966 to facilitate media processing-related functions and processes; GNSS / navigation instructions 968 to facilitate GNSS and navigation-related processes and instructions; and / or camera instructions 970 to facilitate camera-related processes and functions.

[0074] Memory 950 can store application (or "application program") instructions and data 972, such as those described above. Figures 1-9 The instructions for the application described in the background. The memory 950 may also appropriately store other software instructions 974 for various other software applications on the device 900.

[0075] Specific embodiments have been described in the foregoing specification. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims. For example, while the invention has been described and illustrated in conjunction with the description, it is not intended to be so limiting. Therefore, the specification and drawings should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this teaching.

[0076] Benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that may lead to or make more apparent any benefit, advantage, or solution shall not be construed as key, essential, or fundamental features or elements of any or all claims. The invention is defined solely by the appended claims, which include any modifications made during the pending period of this application and all equivalents of those published claims.

[0077] An abstract of this disclosure is provided to allow the reader to quickly determine the nature of the technical disclosure. It should be understood that this document is not intended to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Furthermore, as can be seen from the foregoing detailed description, various features have been grouped together in various embodiments for the purpose of simplifying this disclosure. The approach of this disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than expressly described in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the following claims, the subject matter of the invention does not depend on all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the following claims are incorporated herein by reference, with each claim serving as a separate claimed subject matter.

[0078] It should be understood that the disclosed subject matter is not limited in its application to the construction details and arrangement of the components described in the following description or shown in the accompanying drawings. The disclosed subject matter is capable of other embodiments and can be practiced and implemented in various ways. Furthermore, it should be understood that the wording and terminology used herein are for descriptive purposes and should not be considered limiting. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that the concepts on which this disclosure is based can readily be used as the basis for designing other structures, methods, and systems for implementing several purposes of the disclosed subject matter. Therefore, it is important that the claims be considered to include such equivalent constructions, provided they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the disclosed subject matter.

[0079] Although the disclosed subject matter has been described and illustrated in the foregoing illustrative embodiments, it should be understood that this disclosure is by way of example only, and many changes may be made to the details of the implementation of the disclosed subject matter without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed subject matter.

Claims

1. A portable defibrillator (AED) device, comprising: Mobile AED unit, and Computing devices; The mobile AED unit is configured to be operatively connected to a computing device capable of running applications, and the mobile AED unit includes one or more electrodes and is configured to measure the subject's respiratory data. The computing device is configured to execute via one or more processors: Detect the connection between the mobile AED unit and the computing device; It has been detected that one or more electrodes have been connected to the object; Receive EKG measurements of the object recorded by electrodes; Receive measured respiratory data from the mobile AED unit, the respiratory data being correlated with the subject's chest respiratory movements; Analyze the respiratory data to determine the subject's breathing pattern; Based on the received EKG measurements and the determined breathing pattern, it was determined that the subject required electric shock. The shock pattern factors are determined based on the received EKG measurements and the identified breathing pattern, including duration, time interval, and energy level; and Based on the determination, the electric shock is delivered to the object via the mobile AED unit using the determined electric shock pattern factors.

2. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 1, wherein, The computing device is further configured to perform at least one of the following operations: Continue recording EKG measurements; and Initiate the CPR protocol.

3. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 1, wherein, Applying the electric shock to the object includes: The application receives personal risk factors as input, which include at least one of demographic or health information about the subject. Based on health data and the individual risk factors, a shock pattern to be administered to the subject is determined, wherein the shock pattern includes multiple shocks, each shock including duration and energy level, and the shock pattern further includes a duration determined between shocks.

4. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 1, wherein, The computing device is further configured to send performance and health data associated with the performance of the mobile AED unit to a server via a network.

5. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 4, wherein, The server is configured to receive performance and health data from multiple computing devices and multiple mobile AED units, and to retrain or update, or retrain and update, a machine learning model for analyzing EKG measurements and a machine learning model for determining electrode placement based on the received performance and health data.

6. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 1, wherein, Determining that the object requires an electric shock includes: In response to detecting that one or more electrodes have been connected to the object, a notification is displayed to the object via the application at a predefined frequency via the computing device, each message indicating a time period for response; Determine that the object did not respond to at least one message during the time period; and In response to determining that the object does not respond, it is determined that an action is being performed on the object in an electric shock mode.

7. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 3, wherein, The individual risk factors include at least one of the following: height, weight, age, blood pressure, one or more previous EKG ratings, or at least one pre-existing physical condition.

8. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 1, wherein, Determining that the subject requires an electric shock includes analyzing EKG measurements and detecting dangerous heart rhythms.

9. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 8, wherein, Detection of dangerous heart rhythms includes detecting at least one of rapid ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.

10. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 1, wherein, The computing device is further configured to: Measure the current between one or more electrodes; as well as Based on the measured current, suggestions are provided for changing the distance between the one or more electrodes.

11. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 1, wherein, Determining that the subject requires electric shock based on received EKG measurements and determined breathing patterns includes: A neural network with multiple nodes is used to map at least one of the EKG measurements and the determined breathing patterns to shock pattern factors, which include duration, time interval, and energy level.

12. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 11, wherein, The neural network is configured to estimate the likelihood of the object resuming spontaneous circulation (ROCS) based on respiratory data, pulse data, and blood pressure data.

13. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 1, wherein, Receiving the EKG measurement includes determining at least one of pulse rate, EKG complex configuration, ST segment elevation, and loss.

14. The portable defibrillator device according to claim 1, wherein, Applying the electric shock to the object includes using the power supply of the computing device to power the circuitry within the one or more electrodes.

15. The mobile defibrillator device of claim 3, wherein determining the individual risk factors based on received EKG measurements and determining the need for a shock based on the determined breathing pattern comprises: Receive electrical measurements from one or more of the electrodes; The percentage of body fat in the subject is estimated based on the electrical measurements. as well as The electric shock is determined at least in part based on the estimated percentage of fat.

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