Method, device and equipment for distinguishing between plateau and transition regions of quantum voltage steps

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of metrology, in particular to a method, device and equipment for distinguishing a stable region and a transition region of quantum voltage steps, wherein the method comprises the following steps: making a PJVS output a staircase wave voltage signal according to a sine rule, grouping sampling data on all quantum voltage steps of each period sine wave, and performing sine wave fitting, then performing time domain single frequency decomposition on the fitted sine wave voltage to obtain a fundamental wave amplitude; taking a preset position of the quantum voltage step as a starting point, searching for minimum values of uncertainties of the fundamental wave amplitude from positive and negative directions respectively, and dividing a sampling data interval between sampling points corresponding to the minimum uncertainties at two ends into the stable region, so as to complete the division of the stable region and the transition region on the quantum voltage step. Thus, the problems of confusion in distinguishing the stable region and the transition region, poor robustness and low measurement accuracy in related technologies are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of metrology technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and equipment for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of a quantum voltage step. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of AC voltage measurement, the relevant technology usually uses PJVS (Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard) to generate quantum voltage step wave signals, and then uses differential sampling to calibrate the sinusoidal voltage signal. However, in the process of generating quantum voltage step wave signals using PJVS, there is a microsecond-level transition process at both ends of each quantum voltage step, which causes the sampled data at both ends of the quantum voltage step to deviate from the set value.

[0003] To ensure the accuracy of quantum voltage step wave signal measurements, a common practice in related technologies is to discard the sampling data of the transition process and only use the sampling data of the steady region in the middle of each quantum voltage step for time-domain or frequency-domain decomposition to accurately extract the amplitude and phase of the sinusoidal AC voltage. The main challenge in accurately implementing this method is distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region on the quantum voltage step. If the commonly used data screening criterion, the 3σ criterion, is used, when the proportion of the sampling data in the steady region of the quantum voltage step is small relative to the total sampling data of the step, confusion can easily arise in the determination of the steady region and the transition region, resulting in insufficient robustness. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of a quantum voltage step, in order to solve the problems of confusion in the determination of the steady region and the transition region when the proportion of the sampling data in the steady region of the quantum voltage step is small relative to the total sampling data of the step, as well as the problems of poor robustness and low measurement accuracy.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a method for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of a quantum voltage step, comprising the following steps: a programmable Josephson voltage reference (PJVS) outputs a stepped voltage signal according to a sinusoidal law; a characteristic curve relating the fundamental amplitude to the sampled data is generated based on all quantum voltage step sampling data within each period of the sinusoidal wave; starting from a preset position of the quantum voltage step, a positive array and a negative array of the quantum voltage step are constructed according to the characteristic curve, and the uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is calculated based on the positive array and the negative array; starting from the preset position of the quantum voltage step, the minimum uncertainty among the uncertainties of the fundamental amplitude at each end of the quantum voltage step is searched, and the sampling data interval between the sampling points corresponding to the minimum uncertainties at each end is defined as the steady region, and other sampling data intervals are defined as the transition region; the quantum voltage stepped wave signal is measured based on the steady region.

[0006] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the preset position is the center position of the quantum voltage step, and adjacent sampling points of the preset position are ignored during the search.

[0007] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the PJVS outputs a stepped wave voltage signal according to a sinusoidal law, which has N quantum voltage steps in one cycle. Before generating the characteristic curve of the relationship between the fundamental amplitude and the sampled data based on the sampled data of all quantum voltage steps in each cycle of the sinusoidal wave, the method further includes: sampling M data at equal intervals for each quantum voltage step.

[0008] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the step of generating the relationship characteristic curve between the fundamental amplitude and the sampled data based on the sampling data of all quantum voltage steps within each period of the sine wave includes: within one sine cycle, using the sampling data of the i-th sampling point on each quantum voltage step to form N arrays, obtaining M arrays; performing sine wave fitting on each of the M arrays, and performing time-domain single-frequency decomposition on the fitted sine wave voltage to obtain the relationship characteristic curve.

[0009] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is:

[0010]

[0011]

[0012] in, Represents the forward array A + The average value of the fundamental amplitude data included; Represents the negative array A - The average value of the included fundamental amplitude data, A +(i) represents the forward array A + The fundamental amplitude at point i, A - (i) represents the negative array A - The fundamental amplitude at point i, where p1 represents the forward sampling point. p1 represents the maximum value of the positive sampling point, and p2 represents the negative sampling point. This represents the maximum value of the negative sampling point.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides a device for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of a quantum voltage step, comprising: a first sampling module, configured to output a stepped voltage signal according to a sinusoidal law using a programmable Josephson voltage reference (PJVS), and generate a characteristic curve relating the fundamental amplitude to the sampled data based on all quantum voltage step sampling data within each period of the sinusoidal wave; a construction module, configured to construct a positive array and a negative array of the quantum voltage step, starting from a preset position of the quantum voltage step, based on the characteristic curve, and calculate the uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude based on the positive array and the negative array; and a search module, configured to search for the minimum uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude at each end of the quantum voltage step, starting from the preset position of the quantum voltage step, defining the sampling data interval between the sampling points corresponding to the minimum uncertainty at each end as the steady region, and other sampling data intervals as the transition region, and measuring the quantum voltage stepped wave signal based on the steady region.

[0014] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the preset position is the center position of the quantum voltage step, and adjacent sampling points of the preset position are ignored during the search.

[0015] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the stepped wave voltage signal output by the PJVS according to a sinusoidal law has N quantum voltage steps in one cycle, and further includes: a second sampling module, used to sample M data at equal intervals for each quantum voltage step before generating the characteristic curve of the relationship between the fundamental amplitude and the sampling data based on the sampling data of all quantum voltage steps in each cycle of the sinusoidal wave.

[0016] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the first sampling module is further configured to use N arrays composed of sampling data from the i-th sampling point on each quantum voltage step within a sinusoidal period to obtain M arrays; to perform sinusoidal fitting on each of the M arrays, and to perform time-domain single-frequency decomposition on the fitted sinusoidal voltage to obtain the relational characteristic curve.

[0017] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is:

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] in, Represents the forward array A + The average value of the fundamental amplitude data included; Represents the negative array A - The average value of the included fundamental amplitude data, A + (i) represents the forward array A + The fundamental amplitude at point i, A - (i) represents the negative array A - The fundamental amplitude at point i, where p1 represents the forward sampling point. p1 represents the maximum value of the positive sampling point, and p2 represents the negative sampling point. This represents the maximum value of the negative sampling point.

[0021] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the method for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of the quantum voltage step as described in the above embodiments.

[0022] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which is executed by a processor to implement the method for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of a quantum voltage step as described in the above embodiments.

[0023] Therefore, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This application embodiment utilizes PJVS to output a stepped voltage signal according to a sinusoidal law and samples it at equal intervals. Based on the sampling data of all quantum voltage steps within each cycle of the sinusoidal wave, a characteristic curve of the relationship between the fundamental amplitude and the sampled data is generated. Starting from the midpoint of the quantum voltage step, the minimum value of the uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is searched in both the positive and negative directions. The data sampling point corresponding to the minimum uncertainty of the two fundamental amplitude data is determined as the boundary of the stable region of the quantum voltage step. This completes the accurate division of the stable region and the transition region on the quantum voltage step, effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the quantum voltage stepped wave signal. Therefore, it solves the problems of confusion in the determination of the stable region and the transition region that easily occurs when using the 3σ criterion for data screening in related technologies, as well as the problems of poor robustness and low measurement accuracy.

[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of a quantum voltage step according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the array and Type A measurement uncertainty provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a comparison diagram of sampling data provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of sampling data provided according to another embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the AC voltage amplitude-frequency characteristics provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of a device for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of a quantum voltage step according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0035] The following describes, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for distinguishing the steady region and transition region of a quantum voltage step according to embodiments of this application. Addressing the problems mentioned in the background art, this application provides a method for distinguishing the steady region and transition region of a quantum voltage step. In this method, a stepped wave voltage signal is output sinusoidally using a PJVS (Pulse-Jet Voltage Spectrometer) and sampled at equal intervals. Based on the sampling data of all quantum voltage steps within each cycle of the sinusoidal wave, a characteristic curve relating the fundamental amplitude to the sampled data is generated. Starting from the midpoint of the quantum voltage step, the minimum uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is searched in both positive and negative directions. The data sampling point corresponding to the minimum uncertainty of the two fundamental amplitude data is determined as the boundary of the steady region of the quantum voltage step, thereby accurately dividing the steady region and transition region on the quantum voltage step and effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the quantum voltage stepped wave signal. This solves the problems of confusion in determining the steady region and transition region when using the 3σ criterion for data screening in related technologies, as well as the problems of poor robustness and low measurement accuracy.

[0036] Specifically, Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of a quantum voltage step provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of the quantum voltage step includes the following steps:

[0038] In step S101, the programmable Josephson voltage reference PJVS outputs a stepped voltage signal according to a sinusoidal law, and a characteristic curve of the relationship between the fundamental amplitude and the sampled data is generated based on the sampling data of all quantum voltage steps in each cycle of the sinusoidal wave.

[0039] To address the issues of confusion in determining the stable region and transition region, as well as insufficient robustness, in related technologies, this application's embodiment first samples the stepped voltage signal output by the PJVS according to a sinusoidal law. It utilizes the stepped voltage signal output by the PJVS according to a sinusoidal law and samples it at equal intervals. The sampled data at the i-th point on all quantum voltage steps within one sinusoidal wave cycle are grouped together to construct a sine wave, and its fundamental amplitude A is calculated. i Therefore, we obtain A. i -i relational characteristic curve; where i = 1 to M; where M represents the total number of sampled data on each quantum voltage step. For ease of subsequent explanation, the embodiments of this application can be set to an even number.

[0040] In actual implementation, the embodiments of this application can utilize the stepped wave voltage signal output by PJVS according to a sinusoidal law and sample it. Suppose there are N quantum voltage steps in one cycle of the stepped wave voltage signal, and M data are sampled at equal intervals for each quantum voltage step.

[0041] In one embodiment of this application, the relationship characteristic curve between the fundamental amplitude and the sampled data is generated based on the sampling data of all quantum voltage steps within each period of the sine wave. This includes: within a sine cycle, using the sampling data of the i-th sampling point on each quantum voltage step to form N arrays, resulting in M ​​arrays; performing sine wave fitting on each of the M arrays, and performing time-domain single-frequency decomposition on the fitted sine wave voltage to obtain the relationship characteristic curve.

[0042] It is understood that, in the embodiments of this application, the sampling data of the i-th point on each quantum voltage step can be used to form an array U of length N. i ={u 1,i ,u 2,i ,...,u N,i}(i=1~M), thus there are a total of M arrays. In this embodiment, the i-th sampled data of all quantum voltage steps within a periodic sine wave can be grouped together, fitted to a sine wave, and the fitted sine wave voltage can be decomposed in the time domain to obtain the fundamental amplitude A. i And obtain A i -i relational characteristic curve.

[0043] Specifically, in the embodiments of this application, the fundamental component in the aforementioned quantum voltage ladder wave signal can be expressed as:

[0044] u i (t)=a1cos(ω1t)+b1sin(ω1t)(1)

[0045] Where ω1 represents the angular frequency of the fundamental component in the quantum voltage step wave signal; a1 and b1 represent the coefficients of the cosine and sine terms of the fundamental component, respectively; and t represents time. Based on equation (1), the amplitude A of the fundamental component of the quantum voltage signal can be obtained. i and initial phase angle φ i As shown in equation (2).

[0046]

[0047] Therefore, embodiments of this application can be based on array U i Find A i Then obtain A i -i relational characteristic curve.

[0048] In step S102, starting from the preset position of the quantum voltage step, positive and negative arrays of the quantum voltage step are constructed according to the relational characteristic curve, and the uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is calculated based on the positive and negative arrays.

[0049] The preset position is the center position of the quantum voltage step, and the adjacent sampling points of the preset position are ignored during the search.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the embodiments of this application can be based on A i The -i relation characteristic curve, starting from the center of the quantum voltage step, constructs array A in a positive direction. + And calculate the Type A uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude data included; then construct array A in the negative direction, starting from the center of the quantum voltage step. - And calculate the Type A uncertainty of the included fundamental amplitude data.

[0051] Specifically, embodiments of this application can be based on the obtained A i The -i relation characteristic curve, starting from the midpoint i = M / 2 of the quantum voltage step, constructs an array in a positive direction to obtain...

[0052]

[0053] Among them, p1 can be up to M / 2.

[0054] By calculating the array A constructed from equation (3) + The Type A uncertainty of the included fundamental amplitude data is shown in Equation (4).

[0055]

[0056] in, Represents the forward array A + The average value of the fundamental amplitude data included.

[0057] Furthermore, embodiments of this application may be based on the obtained A i The -i relational characteristic curve, starting from the midpoint i = M / 2 of the quantum voltage step, constructs an array in the negative direction to obtain...

[0058]

[0059] Among them, p2 can be up to M / 2-1.

[0060] By calculating the array A constructed from equation (5) - The Type A uncertainty of the included fundamental amplitude data is shown in Equation (6).

[0061]

[0062] in, Represents the negative array A - The average value of the fundamental amplitude data included.

[0063] In step S103, starting from the preset position of the quantum voltage step, the minimum uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude at each end of the quantum voltage step is searched. The sampling data interval between the sampling points corresponding to the minimum uncertainty at each end is defined as the stable region, and other sampling data intervals are defined as the transition region. The quantum voltage step wave signal is measured based on the stable region.

[0064] It is understood that, based on the calculated Type A uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude, this application embodiment can search for the minimum Type A uncertainty of the two fundamental amplitudes from the center sampling point of the quantum voltage step to both ends of the step, thereby determining the boundary of the stable region of the quantum voltage step, completing the division of the stable region and the transition region on the quantum voltage step, and calculating the fundamental amplitude of the AC quantum voltage and analyzing its Type A uncertainty based on the sampling data of the stable region on the quantum voltage step selected.

[0065] Here, the two minimum values ​​refer to the two Type A uncertainty arrays obtained, i.e., u A+ and u A The minimum value among them is searched. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the fundamental amplitude corresponding to the center point of the quantum voltage step is very close to the fundamental amplitude corresponding to its adjacent sampling data points. Therefore, the Type A uncertainty of the obtained fundamental amplitude data of adjacent points will also be very small. In view of this, in order to avoid possible misjudgment of the boundary of the stable region, when searching for the minimum value of the Type A uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude data in both positive and negative directions (i.e., bidirectional), the search for the fundamental amplitude data of the left and right adjacent points of the center point of the quantum voltage step can be eliminated.

[0066] Specifically, the embodiments of this application can use the Type A uncertainty array u obtained from the above embodiments. A+ and array u A- Find the minimum value in each of the two arrays, and then convert array u to its minimum value. A+ The value of p1 corresponding to the minimum value is denoted as p. + , array u A- The value of p2 corresponding to the minimum value is denoted as p. - M / 2-p - With M / 2+p + The sampled data intervals between these intervals are considered the stable region, while the remaining sampled data are considered to be in the transition region.

[0067] Furthermore, based on the determination of the steady region and transition region on the quantum voltage step, the fundamental amplitude of the reproduced AC quantum voltage is shown in equation (7).

[0068]

[0069] Its Type A uncertainty is:

[0070]

[0071] In summary, the method for distinguishing between the steady and transition regions of the quantum voltage step proposed in this application is compared with the related technologies that use the 3σ criterion to screen the steady region data of the quantum voltage step, and combined with... Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As can be seen from the comparison diagram, the criterion of the present application embodiment has high accuracy and can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of quantum voltage ladder wave signals.

[0072] According to the method for distinguishing the stable region and transition region of the quantum voltage step proposed in this application, a stepped voltage signal is output sinusoidally using PJVS and sampled at equal intervals. A characteristic curve relating the fundamental amplitude to the sampled data is generated based on all quantum voltage step sampling data within each period of the sinusoidal wave. Starting from the midpoint of the quantum voltage step, the minimum uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is searched in both positive and negative directions. The data sampling point corresponding to the minimum uncertainty of the two fundamental amplitude data is determined as the boundary of the stable region of the quantum voltage step. This accurately divides the stable region and transition region on the quantum voltage step, effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the quantum voltage stepped wave signal. Therefore, this solves the problems of confusion in determining the stable region and transition region when using the 3σ criterion for data screening in related technologies, as well as the problems of poor robustness and low measurement accuracy.

[0073] Next, referring to the accompanying drawings, a device for distinguishing the steady region and transition region of a quantum voltage step according to an embodiment of this application is described.

[0074] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of a device for distinguishing the steady region and transition region of a quantum voltage step according to an embodiment of this application.

[0075] like Figure 6 As shown, the device 10 for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of the quantum voltage step includes: a first sampling module 100, a construction module 200, and a search module 300.

[0076] The first sampling module 100 is used to enable the programmable Josephson voltage reference PJVS to output a stepped voltage signal according to a sinusoidal law, and generate a characteristic curve of the relationship between the fundamental amplitude and the sampled data based on all quantum voltage step sampling data within each period of the sinusoidal wave; the construction module 200 is used to construct positive and negative arrays of the quantum voltage step according to the characteristic curve, starting from a preset position of the quantum voltage step, and calculate the uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude based on the positive and negative arrays; the search module 300 is used to search for the minimum uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude at each end of the quantum voltage step, starting from the preset position of the quantum voltage step, and define the sampling data interval between the sampling points corresponding to the minimum uncertainty at each end as the stable region, and other sampling data intervals as the transition region, and measure the quantum voltage stepped wave signal based on the stable region.

[0077] In one embodiment of this application, the preset position is the center position of the quantum voltage step, and adjacent sampling points of the preset position are ignored during the search.

[0078] In one embodiment of this application, the stepped wave voltage signal output by PJVS according to a sinusoidal law has N quantum voltage steps in one cycle. The device 10 in this embodiment of the application also includes a second sampling module.

[0079] The second sampling module is used to sample M data points at equal intervals for each quantum voltage step before generating the characteristic curve of the relationship between the fundamental amplitude and the sampled data based on the sampled data of all quantum voltage steps within each period of the sine wave.

[0080] In one embodiment of this application, the first sampling module 100 is further configured to use the sampling data of the i-th sampling point on each quantum voltage step to form N arrays within a sinusoidal period, thereby obtaining M arrays; to perform sinusoidal fitting on each of the M arrays, and to perform time-domain single-frequency decomposition on the fitted sinusoidal voltage to obtain the relational characteristic curve.

[0081] In one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] in, Represents the forward array A + The average value of the fundamental amplitude data included; Represents the negative array A - The average value of the included fundamental amplitude data, A + (i) represents the forward array A +The fundamental amplitude at point i, where A-(i) represents the negative array A. - The fundamental amplitude at point i, where p1 represents the forward sampling point. p1 represents the maximum value of the positive sampling point, and p2 represents the negative sampling point. This represents the maximum value of the negative sampling point.

[0085] It should be noted that the explanation of the aforementioned method for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of the quantum voltage step also applies to the device for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of the quantum voltage step in this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0086] The device for distinguishing the steady and transition regions of a quantum voltage step, as proposed in this application, utilizes a PJVS to output a stepped voltage signal according to a sinusoidal law and samples it at equal intervals. Based on the sampling data of all quantum voltage steps within each cycle of the sinusoidal wave, a characteristic curve relating the fundamental amplitude to the sampled data is generated. Starting from the midpoint of the quantum voltage step, the minimum uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is searched in both positive and negative directions. The data sampling point corresponding to the minimum uncertainty of the two fundamental amplitude data is determined as the boundary of the steady region of the quantum voltage step. This accurately divides the steady and transition regions on the quantum voltage step, effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the quantum voltage stepped wave signal. Therefore, it solves the problems of confusion in determining the steady and transition regions when using the 3σ criterion for data screening in related technologies, as well as the problems of poor robustness and low measurement accuracy.

[0087] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device may include:

[0088] The memory 701, the processor 702, and the computer program stored on the memory 701 and capable of running on the processor 702.

[0089] When the processor 702 executes the program, it implements the method for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of the quantum voltage step provided in the above embodiments.

[0090] Furthermore, electronic devices also include:

[0091] Communication interface 703 is used for communication between memory 701 and processor 702.

[0092] The memory 701 is used to store computer programs that can run on the processor 702.

[0093] The memory 701 may include high-speed RAM (Random Access Memory) memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage.

[0094] If the memory 701, processor 702, and communication interface 703 are implemented independently, then the communication interface 703, memory 701, and processor 702 can be interconnected via a bus to complete communication between them. The bus can be an ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus, a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus, or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 7 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0095] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 701, processor 702, and communication interface 703 are integrated on a single chip, then the memory 701, processor 702, and communication interface 703 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0096] The processor 702 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0097] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for distinguishing between the steady and transition regions of a quantum voltage step.

[0098] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0099] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0100] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0101] It should be understood that the various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0102] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0103] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of a quantum voltage step, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The programmable Josephson voltage reference PJVS outputs a stepped voltage signal according to a sinusoidal law, and generates a characteristic curve of the relationship between the fundamental amplitude and the sampled data based on the sampling data of all quantum voltage steps in each cycle of the sinusoidal wave. Starting from a preset position of the quantum voltage step, positive and negative arrays of the quantum voltage step are constructed according to the relational characteristic curve. The uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is calculated based on the positive and negative arrays. The preset position is the center position of the quantum voltage step, and adjacent sampling points of the preset position are ignored during the search. Starting from a preset position of the quantum voltage step, the minimum uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude at each end of the quantum voltage step is searched. The sampling data interval between the sampling points corresponding to the minimum uncertainty at each end is defined as the stable region, and other sampling data intervals are defined as the transition region. The quantum voltage step wave signal is measured based on the stable region.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stepped-wave voltage signal output by the PJVS according to a sinusoidal law has a total of [number] cycles within one period. N Before generating the characteristic curve of the relationship between the fundamental amplitude and the sampled data based on the sampling data of all quantum voltage steps within each period of the sine wave, the process also includes: Sample each quantum voltage step at equal intervals M Data.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The generation of the characteristic curve relating the fundamental amplitude to the sampled data based on all quantum voltage step sampling data within each period of the sine wave includes: Within a sinusoidal period, utilizing the first quantum voltage step on each quantum voltage step i The sampling data from each sampling point totaled N Component arrays ， get M 1 array; Regarding the M Each array in the array is fitted with a sine wave, and the fitted sine wave voltage is decomposed in the time domain using a single frequency to obtain the relationship characteristic curve.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is as follows: in, Represents the forward array A + The average value of the fundamental amplitude data included; Represents the negative array A - The average value of the included fundamental amplitude data, Represents the forward array A + The Middle i The fundamental amplitude at the point, Represents a negative array The Middle i The fundamental amplitude at the point, Indicates the positive sampling point. This represents the maximum value of the forward sampling point. Indicates negative sampling points. This represents the maximum value of the negative sampling point.

5. A device for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of a quantum voltage step, characterized in that, include: The first sampling module is used to enable the programmable Josephson voltage reference PJVS to output a stepped voltage signal according to a sinusoidal law, and to generate a characteristic curve of the relationship between the fundamental amplitude and the sampling data based on the sampling data of all quantum voltage steps in each cycle of the sinusoidal wave. A construction module is used to construct a positive array and a negative array of the quantum voltage step, starting from a preset position of the quantum voltage step, according to the relationship characteristic curve. The uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is calculated based on the positive array and the negative array. The preset position is the center position of the quantum voltage step, and the adjacent sampling points of the preset position are ignored during the search. The search module is used to search for the minimum uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude at each end of the quantum voltage step, starting from a preset position of the quantum voltage step. The sampling data interval between the sampling points corresponding to the minimum uncertainty at each end is defined as the stable region, and other sampling data intervals are defined as the transition region. The quantum voltage step wave signal is measured based on the stable region.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The stepped-wave voltage signal output by the PJVS according to a sinusoidal law has a total of [number] cycles within one period. N A quantum voltage step also includes: The second sampling module is used to sample each quantum voltage step at equal intervals before generating the characteristic curve of the relationship between the fundamental amplitude and the sampled data based on the sampled data of all quantum voltage steps within each period of the sine wave. M Data.

7. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first sampling module is further used for: Within a sinusoidal period, utilizing the first quantum voltage step on each quantum voltage step i The sampling data from each sampling point totaled N Component arrays ， get M 1 array; Regarding the M Each array in the array is fitted with a sine wave, and the fitted sine wave voltage is decomposed in the time domain using a single frequency to obtain the relationship characteristic curve.

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the uncertainty of the fundamental amplitude is as follows: in, Represents the forward array A + The average value of the fundamental amplitude data included; Represents the negative array A - The average value of the included fundamental amplitude data, Represents the forward array A + The Middle i The fundamental amplitude at the point, Represents a negative array The Middle i The fundamental amplitude at the point, Indicates the positive sampling point. This represents the maximum value of the forward sampling point. Indicates negative sampling points. This represents the maximum value of the negative sampling point.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the method for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of a quantum voltage step as described in any one of claims 1-4.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The program is executed by the processor to implement the method for distinguishing between the steady region and the transition region of the quantum voltage step as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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