A method for cultivating monk's head wheat in desert oasis sandy wasteland

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating monk's head wheat in desert oasis sandy wasteland. The method comprises the following steps: (1) applying decomposed farmyard manure to the desert oasis sandy wasteland, then plowing, leveling the land, laying drip irrigation belts, and then covering with film; (2) selecting monk's head wheat seeds with good quality, full grains, and no damage, and drying them in the sun for 1 to 2 days; (3) using sub-film drip irrigation technology to sow the seeds obtained in step (2) in a hole sowing method in early March in spring, and irrigating with 600 t.ha of water after sowing. ‑1 4. Irrigate seven times from seedling emergence to the end of the growing season, controlling the total irrigation volume. Meanwhile, perform deficit irrigation during each growing season. 5. Perform conventional field management, applying water-soluble fertilizer and foliar silicon fertilizer in conjunction with irrigation during the seedling and grain filling stages, controlling the total amount of water-soluble fertilizer. 6. Sow buckwheat and peas immediately in early July after the harvest of the monk's head wheat, rotating the crops within the year. This invention can achieve a large-scale, double-cropping-per-year cultivation model in marginal soils such as arid desert oases and sandy wastelands.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a wheat cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method of desert oasis sandy wasteland and shangtou wheat. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is one of the three major cereal crops grown worldwide. my country was one of the first countries to adopt wheat cultivation. Due to its vast non-arable land and large population, wheat has become the most important staple food crop for the Chinese people. However, dryland wheat cultivation has long been hampered by water shortages, resulting in low and unstable yields.

[0003] Heshangtou wheat is a unique wheat variety grown in the sandy fields of northern Gansu's arid regions. It is primarily found in remote mountainous areas such as Gaolan and Yongdeng Counties in Lanzhou City, and Baiyin District and Jingtai County in Baiyin City. Its plump grains and thin ears earn it the name "Heshangtou." Heshangtou wheat has a well-developed fibrous root system, allowing it to fully absorb water and nutrients from the soil. It is highly resistant to drought, cold, infertility, salinity, lodging, and disease. Under conditions of strong sunlight and large diurnal temperature swings, assimilation outweighs dissimilation in plant metabolism. The flour produced by Heshangtou wheat is slightly yellowish, finely silted, low in fiber, and high in crude protein and lysine. It is an ideal raw material for Lanzhou ramen and longevity noodles, and has been designated a National Geographical Indication Agricultural Product. However, the variety's very low per-acre yield, the limited use of pesticides and fertilizers during cultivation, coupled with limited growing areas and outdated cultivation techniques, severely hinder the development, utilization, and promotion of this high-quality resource.

[0004] However, most of the irrigated areas of the Hexi Corridor oasis are located at a suitable altitude, with long hours of sunshine and a large temperature swing between day and night, making them ideal for developing agricultural industries. The region also boasts a large area of marginal soils, such as sandy, barren, and saline-alkali land, providing ample space for large-scale crop cultivation. The Qilian Mountains to the south of the Hexi Corridor block the strong cold air from the Mongolian Plateau and Siberia, significantly raising the temperature there and providing the ideal heat for wheat growth. Furthermore, the Hexi Corridor boasts three major inland river basins (the Shiyang River, the Heihe River, and the Shule River) originating from the Qilian Mountains, providing ample irrigation water for wheat cultivation. Furthermore, the arable land of the Hexi Corridor is primarily located in the piedmont plains, dominated by sandy soils, which are the primary cultivated areas. This creates a highly fertile soil rich in organic matter, providing excellent conditions for crop growth. Planting some wheat instead of corn in the oasis sandy wasteland of the Hexi Corridor desert is a direction to adjust the oasis planting structure. However, its adaptability, whether it saves water, how to cultivate it, and water and fertilizer management are still unclear. So far, there has been no relevant research report on the cultivation technology of wheat in the oasis sandy wasteland of the Hexi Corridor. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating desert oasis sandy wasteland and shangtou wheat for realizing large-scale cultivation.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for cultivating wheat in desert oasis sandy wasteland, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Applying decomposed farmyard manure to the desert oasis sandy wasteland, plowing, leveling the land, laying drip irrigation tape and then covering with film;

[0008] ⑵Select high-quality, full-grained, undamaged wheat seeds and sun-dry them for 1-2 days;

[0009] ha ⑶ Using drip irrigation technology under the film, the seeds obtained in step ⑵ in early spring March using hole sowing method for sowing, after sowing irrigation 600 t. ha -1 ; Irrigate 7 times from seedling emergence to the end of the growth period, and control the total irrigation volume to 3600 t.ha -1 ; At the same time, deficit irrigation is carried out during each growth period;

[0010] (4) Carry out field management according to conventional methods, apply water-soluble fertilizer and foliar silicon fertilizer in combination with irrigation during the seedling and filling stages, and control the total amount of water-soluble fertilizer to 550 kg. ha -1 ;

[0011] ⑸ In early July after the monk's head wheat is harvested, buckwheat and peas are immediately sown in the middle position between the adjacent holes in the same plot of land where the monk's head wheat was planted to rotate the crops within the year.

[0012] The amount of decomposed farmyard manure applied in step (1) is 45 t.ha -1 The tillage depth is 20~25 cm.

[0013] The conditions for hole sowing in step (3) are that the hole spacing is 8 cm×25 cm and the sowing amount is 150~165kg.ha -1 , the sowing depth is 3.0 cm.

[0014] The 7 irrigation times in step (3) refer to: 2 times in the seedling stage, 1 time in the jointing stage and 1 time in the late maturity stage, and the irrigation amount is 450 t . ha -1 . times; irrigate once during the flowering stage, filling stage and early maturity stage, with an irrigation volume of 600 t . ha -1 .Second-rate.

[0015] The total amount of water-soluble fertilizer in step (4) is obtained by applying 150 kg.ha of water-soluble urea in combination with irrigation at the seedling stage and the filling stage. -1and water-soluble potassium dihydrogen phosphate 112.5 kg.ha -1 .

[0016] The foliar silicon fertilizer sprayed in step (4) refers to spraying the foliar silicon fertilizer with a stock solution concentration of 45.0 g / L during the jointing and heading stages. -1 After the Xishida ionic water-soluble silicon fertilizer was diluted 1000 times, the silicon mass concentration was 0.045 gL -1 of fat.

[0017] The sowing amount of buckwheat in step (5) is 120-150 kg.ha -1 , the sowing depth is 1.0~1.5 cm.

[0018] The sowing amount of peas in step (5) is 165-180 kg.ha -1 , the sowing depth is 2 cm.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. The present invention introduces the monk's head wheat variety, which has extremely strong stress resistance and grows in the arid areas of northern Gansu, and conducts research on the planting methods (suitable sowing depth, sowing amount and hole-row spacing, etc.), adaptability (agronomic traits, drought resistance, lodging resistance, etc.) and water and fertilizer requirements (drip irrigation under film, deficit irrigation, combination of water-soluble fertilizer and foliar fertilizer, etc.) of the monk's head wheat in oasis sandy wasteland, as well as seed quality testing and intra-year crop rotation experiments with buckwheat or peas. These studies solve the problems of uncertain planting methods and water and fertilizer requirements, low yield, continuous cropping obstacles and cultivation area restrictions when cultivating monk's head wheat in oasis sandy wasteland.

[0021] 2. Since the cultivation of monk's head wheat has no strict requirements on the soil environment and has low water and fertilizer requirements, the method of the present invention can be used to cultivate it on a large scale in sandy wasteland without occupying existing arable land, making full use of non-arable land resources. It can not only change the long-term traditional planting and management mode of the Hexi Corridor oasis that mainly plants corn, but also successfully realize the planting structure mode of two crops a year in marginal soils such as arid desert oasis sandy wasteland, and to a certain extent increase the economic benefits of farmers, while playing the role of saving water, reducing nitrogen, increasing fertilizer and increasing efficiency in the oasis.

[0022] 3. The invention provides the following advantages for the rotation planting of monk's head wheat and buckwheat or peas within a year: (1) the wheat straw, buckwheat straw and pea straw after the harvest of monk's head wheat provide abundant forage resources for the development of animal husbandry in the oasis, solving the problem of forage shortage caused by water shortage in the oasis to a certain extent; (2) the rotation planting of monk's head wheat and buckwheat or peas not only effectively avoids the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in monk's head wheat planting, but also improves soil fertility, thereby increasing ecological benefits; (3) the rotation planting of monk's head wheat and buckwheat or peas greatly reduces the amount of chemical fertilizers applied to farmland. While maintaining the excellent characteristics of monk's head wheat (high protein, green organic food), it also produces green coarse grain buckwheat, changes people's dietary structure, and plays an important role in human health. (4) The model of annual rotation planting of monk's head wheat and buckwheat or peas has broad application potential and market prospects in the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in arid desert oases. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] A method for cultivating wheat in desert oasis sandy wasteland comprises the following steps:

[0024] (1) In desert oasis sandy wasteland, 45 t.ha -1 After applying well-rotted farmyard manure, the land is plowed to a depth of 20 to 25 cm. The land is then leveled, drip irrigation tape is laid, and film is covered.

[0025] ⑵Select high-quality, full-grained, undamaged wheat seeds and sun-dry them for 1-2 days;

[0026] ⑶Use sub-film drip irrigation technology to sow the seeds obtained in step ⑵ in early March (around the time of Jingzhe) in hole sowing. The conditions for hole sowing are that the hole spacing is 8 cm × 25 cm and the sowing rate is 150-165 kg.ha -1 , sowing depth is 3.0 cm. After sowing, irrigate with 600 t. ha -1 ; Irrigate 7 times from seedling emergence to the end of the growth period, and control the total irrigation volume to 3600 t. ha -1 At the same time, deficit irrigation is carried out during each growth period. The 7 irrigations refer to: 2 times in the seedling stage, 1 time in the jointing stage and 1 time in the late maturity stage, with an irrigation volume of 450 t . ha -1 . times; irrigate once during the flowering stage, filling stage and early maturity stage, with an irrigation volume of 600 t . ha -1 .Second-rate.

[0027] (4) Carry out field management according to conventional methods, apply water-soluble fertilizer and foliar silicon fertilizer in combination with irrigation during the seedling and filling stages, and control the total amount of water-soluble fertilizer to 550 kg. ha -1 .

[0028] The total amount of water-soluble fertilizer was obtained by applying 150 kg.ha of water-soluble urea during the seedling stage and the filling stage, respectively. -1 and water-soluble potassium dihydrogen phosphate 112.5 kg.ha -1 .

[0029] Foliar silicon fertilizer spraying refers to spraying the original solution with a concentration of 45.0 gL during the jointing and heading stages. -1 After the Xishida ionic water-soluble silicon fertilizer was diluted 1000 times, the silicon mass concentration was 0.045 gL -1 of fat.

[0030] 5. In early July after the harvest of monk's head wheat, in the same plot where monk's head wheat was planted, immediately sow buckwheat and peas in the middle position between the holes adjacent to each other to rotate the crops within the year. The sowing rate of buckwheat is 120~150 kg.ha -1 , sowing depth is 1.0~1.5 cm; the sowing rate of pea is 165~180 kg.ha -1 , the sowing depth is 2 cm.

[0031] This invention relies on the Linze Inland River Basin Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (a national station, hereinafter referred to as the Linze Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences), located in the desert oasis of Linze County, Zhangye City, in the Hexi Corridor. It uses the sandy wasteland in the oasis to carry out experimental research on the cultivation technology of Heshangtou wheat (planting methods, water and fertilizer allocation, annual crop rotation, etc.), and has formed a technical method for cultivating Heshangtou wheat in the sandy wasteland of the desert oasis, in order to guide the scientific planting and management of Heshangtou wheat, ensure national food security and social stability, and provide technical support for increasing the production and income of "Heshangtou" wheat and promoting it on a large scale.

[0032] All experiments were conducted at the Linze Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (39º21′ N, 100º02′ E, altitude: 1400 m), located on the edge of a desert oasis, a typical desert oasis irrigation area. The test soil was irrigated sandy soil with a bulk density of 1.40 g·cm -3 The field water holding capacity was 18.4%, and the soil structure was poor. Tests showed that the sand and silt content in the 0-20 cm sand layer of the test soil was over 80%. The organic matter content (0-20 cm tillage layer) was 1.38%, and the organic matter content gradually decreased with increasing soil depth. The salt content in the 0-40 cm tillage layer was 1.18 g / kg. -1 , the soil is slightly alkaline.

[0033] Example 1: Determination of the appropriate sowing depth for monk's head wheat. The specific experimental design is as follows:

[0034] A. In mid-February 2020, a potted experiment on different sowing depths of monk's head wheat was conducted in the Sunlight Observation Greenhouse at the Linze Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The soil used was sandy soil from the farmland in the Linze Station area. The specifications of the seedling pots were: bottom diameter 15 cm, diameter 25 cm, height 30 cm, wall thickness 0.15 cm, and 2-3 drainage holes at the bottom of the pots.

[0035] B. The experimental seeds were sourced from Heishi Town, Gaolan County, Lanzhou City (harvested in August 2019). Before sowing, high-quality, plump, and undamaged seeds were selected as experimental seeds (seed purity >99%, clarity >98%, and germination rate >90%). The seeds were sun-dried for 1–2 days to promote seed ripening and improve seed germination rate and potential.

[0036] C. After the seedling pots are fully watered, the seeding depths are set to 0 (control), 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 cm. The hole sowing method is 3 seeds per hole. -1 , 4 holes. Basin -1 After sowing, seal the seeding hole tightly with soil and evenly spray water on the surface of the pot to ensure full contact between the seed and the soil. During germination, maintain a constant temperature in the greenhouse (18-20°C during the day and above 5°C at night) and keep the soil moisture content in the pot at 60-70% of the field capacity. Seven days after the seeds germinate and emerge, observe the emergence and seedling establishment. The number of days to germination, emergence rate, and seedling establishment rate are shown in Table 1:

[0037] Table 1 Effects of different sowing depths on the emergence and survival rates of wheat

[0038]

[0039] Note: Lowercase letters in different columns represent significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).

[0040] Table 1 shows that different sowing depths significantly affected the emergence and establishment of monk's head wheat. When the sowing depth was 0 cm (control), seed emergence and establishment were the worst, with both the seed emergence rate and the seedling establishment rate being 0. With increasing sowing depth, seed emergence and seedling establishment rates gradually increased. When the sowing depth was 3.0 cm, seed emergence and establishment were the best, with a seed emergence rate of 92.9% and a seedling establishment rate of 94.0%, despite an increase in the number of days to emergence by 1 day. With increasing sowing depth (sowing depth: 4 cm), seed emergence and establishment rates decreased.

[0041] Compared with a sowing depth of 1.0 cm, the emergence and seedling rates increased by 17.8% and 11.4%, respectively, at a sowing depth of 3.0 cm. However, there were no significant differences in the emergence and seedling rates between the sowing depths of 2.0 cm and 3.0 cm, but the emergence and seedling rates at a sowing depth of 3.0 cm showed an increasing trend. Notably, compared with a sowing depth of 3.0 cm, the number of days to seed emergence did not differ significantly at a sowing depth of 4.0 cm, but the emergence and seedling rates decreased by 7.7% and 7.9%, respectively. This suggests that oasis sandy wasteland soils have poor water retention, and surface soil moisture is easily lost. Sowing depths that are too shallow or too deep significantly inhibit seed germination, emergence, and seedling establishment. Appropriate sowing depth is crucial for ensuring seed emergence and seedling establishment, and 3.0 cm is the optimal sowing depth for both seed emergence and seedling establishment in the case of monk's head wheat.

[0042] Example 2: The appropriate sowing amount and row-hole spacing of monk's head wheat are determined. The specific experimental design is as follows:

[0043] A. In early March 2020 (during the Jingzhe season), experiments on different sowing rates and row-hole spacings for Heshangtou wheat continued at the Linze Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The experimental site was a sandy wasteland that had previously been planted with corn.

[0044] B. Seed selection, germination treatment, and appropriate sowing depth for the experiment were as described in Example 1.

[0045] C. Before sowing, first apply organic fertilizer (45 t.ha of decomposed farmyard manure) -2 ) Deeply plow the land (depth: 20~25cm), level the land and irrigate with 1200 t.ha -1 , wait until the soil turns white before sowing.

[0046] By referring to and combining the traditional wheat field flooding planting volume in the Hexi Corridor (irrigation 5 times during the whole growth period, with an irrigation volume of 1200 t.ha -1 . times; 450 t.ha of urea was applied at the jointing stage and heading stage respectively -1 , potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300 t.ha -1 ) and the cultivation methods (seeding rate, depth, row spacing, etc.) of Heshangtou wheat in Gaolan County, Lanzhou City, were studied by a completely randomized block design. Three seeding rates (135-150, 150-165 and 165-180 kg.ha) were designed. -1 Three treatments (5 cm × 20 cm, 8 cm × 25 cm, and 10 cm × 25 cm) were set for each seeding rate, with each treatment replicated three times. Wheat seeding was performed using a precision hole sowing machine, with each experimental treatment plot measuring 8 m × 8 m (with isolation strips between plots).

[0047] After sowing, the "holes" formed by the seeding holes were left uncovered. Instead, they were sealed with fine sand to ensure full seed-soil contact. Weeding, pest control, and bird feeding control were carried out throughout the growing season. After the growing season ended in early July, relevant agronomic traits, as well as straw and seed yields, were measured. The results of the growth adaptability test of Heshangtou wheat under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions at different seeding rates and row-hole spacings are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The growth characteristics of Heshangtou wheat in northern Gansu are shown in Table 4 (Wang Xingrong et al., 2015).

[0048] Table 2 Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on agronomic traits of Heshangtou wheat

[0049]

[0050] Note: Lowercase letters in different columns represent significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).

[0051] Table 3 Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, straw and seed yield of Heshangtou wheat

[0052]

[0053] Note: Lowercase letters in different columns represent significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).

[0054] Table 4 Growth characteristics of Heshangtou wheat in northern Gansu

[0055]

[0056] Note: Data in Table 4 are from: Wang Xingrong, Zhang Yanjun, Gou Zuowang, Li Yue, Chen Weiying, Qi Xusheng. Investigation Report on “Monk’s Head” Wheat in Gansu. Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology, 2015, 25(12): 49-52.

[0057] As shown in Table 2, under the condition of constant irrigation and fertilization amounts, different sowing rates and row-hole spacings have no significant effect on the agronomic traits of monk's head wheat: plant height, growth period and effective tiller number, but will cause plant elongation (plant height over 95 cm) and lodging (Table 2). As shown in Table 4, the plant height of monk's head wheat planted in dry sandy land in northern Gansu is only 57.1-73.2 cm.

[0058] Similarly, under constant irrigation and fertilization rates, different seeding rates and hole-row spacings affected the number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, straw, and seed yield of monk's head wheat, but had no significant effect on 1000-grain weight (Table 3). When seeding rate was constant, the straw dry weight and seed yield of monk's head wheat were higher when the hole-row spacing was 8 cm × 25 cm compared to the hole-row spacing of 5 cm × 20 cm and 10 cm × 25 cm. With increasing seeding rate, the straw dry weight and seed yield of monk's head wheat seedlings showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Under the hole-row spacing of 8 cm × 25 cm, the seeding rate was 135–150 kg / ha. -1 , 150~165 kg.ha -1 and 165~180 kg.ha -1 When the wheat straw yield and seed yield reached 3786.2 kg.ha -1 and 1760.7 kg.ha -1 (117.4 kg. mu -1 ), 4437.5 kg.ha -1 and 2071.1 kg.ha -1 (138.1 kg. mu -1 ), 4376.1 kg.ha -1 and 2021.4 kg.ha -1 (134.8 kg. mu -1 ). In the planting method of hole spacing × row spacing: 8 cm × 25 cm, and the sowing rate is 135~150 kg.ha -1 In comparison, the seeding rate is 150~165 kg.ha -1 and 165~180 kg.ha -1 When the wheat straw yield increased by 17.2% and 15.6% respectively, and the seed yield increased by 17.7% and 14.8% respectively. From the above, it can be seen that the cultivation of monk head wheat in oasis sandy wasteland can also achieve a relatively high seed yield (134.8~138.1 kg. mu) -1 The cultivation of monk wheat in oasis sandy wasteland adopts the planting method of hole spacing × row spacing: 8 cm × 25 cm, and the sowing rate is 150~180 kg.ha -1 It is appropriate.

[0059] However, due to the varying environmental and climatic conditions in its suitable habitats, and the fact that the Hexi Corridor is primarily an irrigated agricultural region, "Shangtou" wheat, when planted in irrigated land, experiences vigorous vegetative growth after planting due to ample water. This leads to excessive leggy growth (plant height ranges from 97.1 to 103.2 cm, Table 2; plant height in northern Gansu ranges from 57.1 to 73.2 cm, Table 4) and lodging. This results in a significantly longer vegetative growth period than reproductive growth, creating an imbalance between vegetative and reproductive growth, which in turn affects the formation and development of reproductive organs and ultimately leads to yield decline. Consequently, the full potential of "Shangtou" wheat cultivation in the Hexi Corridor has not been fully realized. Therefore, to successfully cultivate "Shangtou" wheat in the irrigated agricultural region of the Hexi Corridor, while maintaining its growth and development, dwarfing treatment is necessary to effectively curb leggy growth and improve its resistance to lodging. Furthermore, comprehensive water and fertilizer management measures are necessary to improve yield and quality, ultimately achieving the goals of Hexi Corridor cultivation.

[0060] Example 3: Under-film drip irrigation technology, the growth adaptability of monk's head wheat and the determination of the optimal water and fertilizer conditions are as follows:

[0061] A. In early March 2021 (the Jingzhe season), experimental research on different sowing rates and different hole-row spacings for Monk's Head wheat continued at the farmland experimental site of Linze Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The experimental site was a sandy wasteland where corn was planted.

[0062] B. Seed selection and germination treatment for the experiment were the same as in Example 1, with the appropriate sowing depth (3.0 cm) and appropriate sowing rate (150-180 kg.ha -1 As appropriate), hole spacing (8 cm × 25 cm) refers to Example 1 and Example 2.

[0063] C. First, combine the application of organic fertilizer (45 t.ha of decomposed farmyard manure -2 ) Deep plow the soil (depth: 20-25 cm), level the ground, and then lay drip irrigation. When laying the branch pipe, choose anti-aging black rubber hose with a diameter of 63 mm, and the drip irrigation tape should be 16 mm in diameter polyethylene tube (disc-type double-hole dripper, dripper spacing: 0.2 m, rated flow rate: 2-3 Lh -1 The spacing between drip irrigation tapes is tentatively set at 25 cm. The ends of the drip irrigation tapes are knotted and fixed, leaving a margin of about 1 m. Then, the ground is covered with film (black film). After the ground is completely covered with film, sowing is carried out during the Jingzhe season. After sowing, 600 t ha of water is applied. -1 Seeding was carried out after the soil surface appeared white. Precision seeding was performed using a wheat seeder, with each experimental treatment using an 8 m x 8 m plot. After sowing, the "holes" formed by the seeding holes were left uncovered. Instead, they were sealed with fine sand or compacted using a cylindrical roller to ensure full seed-soil contact.

[0064] A completely randomized block experiment was used to set up three water gradients (irrigation was carried out 6 times, 7 times and 8 times during the whole growth period, with an irrigation amount of 600 t.ha -2 times) and 4 fertilization treatments (treatment 1: no fertilizer - control; treatment 2: application of water-soluble urea 150 kg.ha at the jointing stage -1 and water-soluble potassium dihydrogen phosphate 112.5 kg.ha -1 Treatment 3: 150 kg.ha of water-soluble urine was applied at the seedling stage and the grain filling stage respectively. -1 and water-soluble potassium dihydrogen phosphate 112.5 kg.ha -1 Treatment 4: Based on treatment 3, foliar silicon fertilizer was sprayed once at the jointing stage and the heading stage (the original solution of Xishida ionic silicate mineral fertilizer (45.0 gL -1 ) After dilution 1000 times, the silicon mass concentration is 0.045 gL -1 Spray again when the temperature is low; for specific application methods, refer to Zhang Yang et al., 2021; Zhang Yang, Zhao Rui, Liu Shiguang, Xuan Yuanhu, Mei Qiong. Effects of foliar spraying of silicon fertilizer on agronomic traits and resistance of rice. Acta Laser Biologica Sinica, 2021, 31(3): 270-276.), and each treatment was repeated 4 times.

[0065] In early July, after the growth period, the plant height, straw yield, and seed yield were measured. The results of the growth adaptability test of Heshangtou wheat under different water and fertilizer coupling under mulch drip irrigation are shown in Table 5:

[0066] Table 5 Effects of different water-fertilizer couplings under mulch drip irrigation on the growth and development, straw yield, and seed yield of Triticum aestivum L.

[0067]

[0068] Note: Lowercase letters in different columns represent significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).

[0069] Table 5 shows that different water-fertilizer couplings under mulch drip irrigation had a significant effect on the growth and development, straw yield and seed yield of Monk's Head wheat. With the increase of total irrigation volume (6th to 8th irrigation: 3600-4800 t. ha -1 ), the plant height, effective tillering, straw yield and seed yield of monk wheat showed an increasing trend. When the irrigation amount was 4200 t. ha -1 and above (7~8 times: 4200~4800 t. ha -1) at a constant irrigation rate, plant height, effective tillers, straw yield, and seed yield all tended to stabilize. When irrigation was constant, plant height did not change significantly across all fertilization treatments compared to the control, but effective tillers, straw yield, and seed yield increased significantly with increasing fertilization rates.

[0070] Due to the use of sub-film drip irrigation technology, the plant height of monk-head wheat was significantly reduced compared with that under field flooding, effectively curbing the excessive growth of its stems (Table 2 and Table 5). In addition, compared with treatments 1, 2, and 3, treatment 4 had a significant effect due to the foliar application of silicon fertilizer (the original solution of Xishida ionic silicate mineral fertilizer (45.0 g / L) was used). -1 ) After dilution 1000 times, the silicon mass concentration is 0.045 gL -1 As an essential element for the growth of gramineous plants, the application of silicon fertilizer can not only increase the lodging resistance of monk-head wheat, but also significantly increase the number of effective tillers, the number of ears, and the seed yield of monk-head wheat (Table 5).

[0071] When the irrigation amount is 4200 t. ha -1 , the total amount of water-soluble fertilizer applied is 550 kg ha -1 When the effective tillering, straw yield and seed yield of monk wheat were the highest under the coupling condition of foliar fertilizer application (spraying at a silicon concentration of 0.045 g / L), the effective tillering, straw yield and seed yield of monk wheat were the highest, which were 2.8. -1 、4348.6 kg ha -1 and 2245 kg.ha -1 With irrigation volume of 3600 t. ha -1 Compared with the control group (irrigation 6 times, fertilizer application rate was the same as that of irrigation 7 times), there was no significant difference in the number of effective tillers of monk wheat, but the straw yield and seed yield increased by 11.4% and 12.5% respectively. -1 In comparison (irrigation 8 times, fertilizer application amount is the same as irrigation 7 times), there is no significant difference in the number of effective tillers and straw yield of monk wheat, but its seed yield is significantly reduced by 10.4%, indicating that the irrigation amount of drip irrigation under film is 4200 t. ha. -1 , Apply water-soluble fertilizer in total 550kg ha -1 and spraying foliar silicon fertilizer (silicon concentration of 0.045 gL -1 The optimal water-fertilizer coupling condition for high yield of Heshangtou wheat is spraying (Table 5). Therefore, by referring to the water consumption of traditional oasis field flooding wheat cultivation (irrigation 5 times during the growth period, 1200 t. ha -1 times, total irrigation volume: 6000 t. ha -1ha ), Example 2 in oasis traditional field flooding water consumption of wheat planting as a basis, in this embodiment, the use of sub-membrane drip irrigation technology and monk head wheat planting can save water resources 1800 t. ha -1 , water-saving efficiency can reach 30%, and the water-saving potential is huge.

[0072] Example 4: Effects of regulated deficit irrigation technology on the growth adaptability, yield, quality and water use efficiency of monk's head wheat. The specific experimental design is as follows:

[0073] A. In early March 2022 (during the Jingzhe season), the effects of deficit irrigation on the growth adaptability, yield, quality, and water use efficiency of monk-shaped wheat were studied at the Linze Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences farmland experimental site. The experimental site was a sandy wasteland that had previously been planted with corn.

[0074] B. Seed selection, germination treatment, suitable sowing depth (3.0 cm), suitable sowing rate (150-180 kg.ha -1 The best water-fertilizer coupling conditions are as follows: (1) hole spacing (8 cm × 25 cm) and (2) hole spacing (8 cm × 25 cm).

[0075] C. Deficit irrigation test design was based on the adaptability and cultivation techniques of monk wheat under different water-fertilizer coupling conditions in Example 3. Example 3 monk wheat was drip-irrigated under film 7 times during the entire growth period (each irrigation quota was 600 t. ha -1 ). The total irrigation volume is 4200 t. ha -1 Under this condition, the water-soluble amount is 550 kg. ha -1 (the amount of each fertilizer is the same as in Example 3) and foliar silicon fertilizer (the fertilization method is the same as in Example 3), Example 4 is based on Example 3, in which the total irrigation amount (4200 t. ha -1 Under the premise of keeping the total amount of fertilizer unchanged, different irrigation rates were adopted for the key growth stages of monk's head wheat. Irrigation rates were increased during the flowering, grain filling, and early maturity stages, reduced during the jointing and late maturity stages, and normal irrigation was applied during other periods. The irrigation quota was 600 t / ha. -1 , the experimental design is shown in Table 7.

[0076] Table 7 Design of the Heshangtou wheat deficit irrigation experiment

[0077]

[0078] A completely randomized block design was used, with each treatment replicated three times. Plant height, straw yield, and seed yield were measured at the end of the entire growth period of the monk's head wheat in early July. The growth adaptability, straw yield, seed yield, and quality of the monk's head wheat under regulated deficit irrigation are shown in Tables 8 and 9.

[0079] Table 8 Changes in plant height, straw yield and seed yield of Heshangtou wheat under regulated deficit irrigation

[0080]

[0081] Note: Lowercase letters in different columns represent significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).

[0082] Table 9 Comparative analysis of wheat seed quality under regulated deficit irrigation in northern Gansu (Gaolan) and the Hexi Corridor

[0083]

[0084] Note: Lowercase letters in different columns represent significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).

[0085] As shown in Table 8, deficit irrigation has a significant effect on the growth and development and seed yield of monk-head wheat. Compared with the control, with the increase of irrigation amount during the flowering period, grain filling period and early maturity period, the difference in plant height of wheat in each treatment was not significant. However, compared with field flooding (Table 2) and drip irrigation under film without deficit irrigation (Table 5), the plant height of monk-head wheat was further shortened. At the same time, compared with the control, treatment 1 and treatment 2 significantly increased the effective tiller number and seed yield of monk-head wheat, but had no significant effect on wheat straw yield. Under deficit irrigation, the effective tiller number and seed yield of treatment 1 and treatment 2 reached 3.1. plants, respectively. -1 and 2338.5 kg.ha -1 , 3.2 strains -1 and 2410.4 kg.ha -1 Compared with the control, the number of effective tillers and seed yield in Treatments 1 and 2 increased by 14.8% and 11.0%, and by 18.5% and 14.5%, respectively. This suggests that, with the total irrigation volume remaining constant, increasing irrigation during the flowering, grain filling, and early maturity stages, and appropriately reducing it during the jointing and late maturity stages, can help increase the number of effective tillers and seed yield in Heshangtou wheat, while also achieving efficient water use.

[0086] Table 9 shows that there are significant differences in seed quality between Heshangtou wheat cultivated in northern Gansu (Gaolan) and Heshangtou wheat cultivated under regulated deficit irrigation in the Hexi Corridor. Seed starch content (50.81%) was lower in the arid Hexi Corridor than in northern Gansu (56.55%), but crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium contents were significantly higher. There were no significant differences in crude fat and crude fiber content between the two regions. Compared with northern Gansu, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium contents increased by 2.99%, 15.8%, 16.4%, and 6.81 times, respectively, in seeds cultivated in the arid Hexi Corridor. Therefore, the significant increases in crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium content in seeds cultivated in the Hexi Corridor not only improve the quality of Heshangtou wheat flour but also, to a certain extent, enhance its palatability, achieving high-quality wheat.

[0087] Example 5: Buckwheat and peas were planted after the harvest of monk's head wheat to avoid the problem of continuous cropping of monk's head wheat. The specific experimental design is as follows:

[0088] A. In early July 2022, after the monk-shaped wheat is harvested, conservation tillage will be carried out on the land where wheat was planted, and crops such as buckwheat and peas will continue to be planted, using sub-film drip irrigation for cultivation.

[0089] B. Seeds for the experiment should be of good quality, with full grains and no damage (seed purity above 99%, clarity above 98%, and germination rate above 90%). Sun-dry the seeds for 1-2 days to promote seed ripening and improve seed germination rate and germination potential.

[0090] C. In the same plot where the monk's head wheat was planted, sow buckwheat or peas in the middle of the adjacent holes. Immediately after the wheat harvest, irrigate and sow. A completely randomized block design was used for the buckwheat experiment. Three seeding rates (90-120, 120-150, and 150-180 kg / ha) were used. -1 ), two hole spacing treatments (1.5 cm × 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm) were set for each sowing rate, sowing depth: 2.0 cm, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. Three sowing rates were designed for pea (150-165, 165-180 and 180-195 kg.ha -1 ), with a hole spacing of 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm and a sowing depth of 2.0 cm. Precision sowing was performed using a hole drill. After sowing, the "holes" formed by the sowing holes were not covered with soil. Fine sand was used to seal the holes to ensure full contact between the seeds and the soil. After emergence, irrigation was applied based on soil moisture conditions, five times throughout the growing season, at a rate of 600 t / ha. -1. times). Because the temperature is high and evaporation is large from early July to mid-August, buckwheat and peas require more water during this period. It is appropriate to increase the irrigation frequency during this period and reduce the irrigation frequency in other months. At the same time as irrigation, apply urea 225 t.ha at the jointing stage and flowering stage of buckwheat. -1 , potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 t.ha -1 Peas were fertilized twice during the entire jointing period, with urea 225 t.ha applied each time. -1 , potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 t.ha -1 Peas were harvested in late September, and buckwheat was harvested in mid-October. The results of the experiments on growth, biomass production, and soil nutrient changes after buckwheat and peas were planted after wheat harvest are shown in Tables 10 and 11.

[0091] Table 10 Changes in growth and biomass yield after buckwheat or pea was planted after Heshangtou wheat

[0092]

[0093] Note: Lowercase letters in different columns represent significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).

[0094] Table 11 Changes in soil nutrient content (20 cm tillage layer) after planting buckwheat or peas after wheat

[0095]

[0096] Note: Lowercase letters in different columns represent significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05).

[0097] As shown in Table 10, after the harvest of monk's head wheat, continuing to plant buckwheat or peas can achieve higher productivity. Under the condition of constant irrigation and fertilization, different seeding rates and hole-row spacing have a significant effect on buckwheat productivity (Table 10). When the buckwheat seeding rate is constant, different planting methods of hole spacing × row spacing have no significant effect on buckwheat plant height, wheat straw yield, and seed yield. With the increase of seeding rate, the dry weight of buckwheat wheat straw and seed yield show a trend of gradual increase. When the seeding rate is 120-150 kg.ha -1 Buckwheat had the highest grass and seed yields, which were 5560.6 kg.ha -1 and 1770.5kg.ha -1 , and the sowing rate is 150~180 kg.ha -1 There was no significant difference in the yield of buckwheat and wheatgrass under different seeding rates. -1 In comparison, the seeding rate is 120~150 kg.ha -1The buckwheat straw yield and seed yield increased by 13.5% and 13.9% respectively.

[0098] Under the condition of constant irrigation and fertilizer application, different seeding rates and row-hole spacing had a significant effect on pea biomass, but had no significant effect on plant height (Table 10). With the increase of seeding rate, the dry weight of pea forage showed a trend of gradual increase. When the seeding rate was 165-180 kg.ha -1 The maximum yield of pea grass is 6720.8 kg.ha -1 , and the sowing rate is 180~195 kg.ha -1 There was no significant difference in grass yield between the two groups. -1 In comparison, the seeding rate is 165~180 kg.ha -1 The yield of pea straw increased significantly by 10.1%. From the above, it can be seen that the appropriate sowing rate and hole spacing for planting buckwheat or pea after harvesting monk wheat are as follows: the appropriate sowing rate for buckwheat is 120~150kg.ha -1 , hole spacing: 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm or 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm; the suitable sowing amount of pea is 120~150 kg.ha -1 The hole spacing is 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm.

[0099] Table 11 shows that planting buckwheat or field peas after wheat harvest significantly impacted soil fertility (Table 11). Compared with before wheat planting, soil organic carbon, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the 0–20 cm soil top layer did not differ significantly after planting. However, after buckwheat or field peas were planted, soil organic carbon, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the 0–20 cm soil top layer showed a significant increase. Compared with before wheat planting, soil organic carbon, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the 0–20 cm soil top layer increased by 15.2%, 18.2%, 26.3%, and 12.1%, respectively, after buckwheat planting. Compared to before wheat planting, the increase in soil organic carbon, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the 0-20 cm topsoil layer after pea planting was more significant than after buckwheat planting. Soil organic carbon, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium increased by 10.9%, 42.0%, 29.5%, and 15.8%, respectively, compared to before wheat planting. This suggests that following wheat planting, the addition of buckwheat or pea not only does not reduce soil nutrient content (organic carbon, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) but also improves soil fertility (especially with a significant increase in alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen after pea planting). This intra-annual rotation effectively maintains soil nutrient balance, prevents changes in soil fertility, and ensures the sustainability of wheat cultivation through intra-annual rotation.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating wheat in desert oasis sandy wasteland, comprising the following steps: (1) Applying decomposed farmyard manure to the desert oasis sandy wasteland, plowing, leveling the land, laying drip irrigation tape and then covering with film; ⑵Select high-quality, full-grained, undamaged wheat seeds and sun-dry them for 1-2 days; ⑶ Using the sub-film drip irrigation technology, the seeds obtained in step ⑵ were sown in early March in the spring using the hole sowing method, and irrigated with 600 t·ha of water after sowing. -1 The conditions for hole sowing are as follows: the hole spacing is 8 cm × 25 cm, and the sowing rate is 150-180 kg ha -1 The sowing depth was 3.0 cm; irrigation was carried out 7 times from seedling emergence to the end of the growth period, and the total irrigation volume was controlled at 4200 t·ha -1 At the same time, deficit irrigation is carried out during each growth period. Deficit irrigation refers to increasing the amount of irrigation water during the flowering, filling and early maturity stages, reducing the amount of irrigation water during the jointing and late maturity stages, and normal irrigation during other periods. The irrigation quota is 600 t·ha. -1 ; (4) Carry out field management according to conventional methods, apply water-soluble fertilizer and foliar silicon fertilizer in combination with irrigation during the seedling and grain filling stages, and control the total amount of water-soluble fertilizer to 550 kg ha -1 The total amount of water-soluble fertilizer was obtained by the following method: 150 kg·ha of water-soluble urea was applied in combination with irrigation at the seedling stage and the filling stage. -1 and water-soluble potassium dihydrogen phosphate 112.5 kg·ha -1 The foliar silicon fertilizer sprayed refers to the use of a stock solution with a concentration of 45.0 g·L during the jointing and heading stages. -1 After the Xishida ionic water-soluble silicon fertilizer was diluted 1000 times, the silicon concentration was 0.045 g·L -1 of fat; ⑸ In early July after the monk's head wheat is harvested, buckwheat and peas are immediately sown in the middle position between the adjacent holes in the same plot of land where the monk's head wheat was planted to rotate the crops within the year.

2. The method for cultivating wheat in desert oasis sandy wasteland as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The amount of decomposed farmyard manure applied in step (1) is 45 t·ha -1 The tillage depth is 20~25 cm.

3. The method for cultivating wheat in desert oasis sandy wasteland as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing amount of buckwheat in step (5) is 120-150 kg ha -1 , the sowing depth is 1.0~1.5 cm.

4. The method for cultivating wheat in desert oasis sandy wasteland as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The sowing rate of peas in step (5) is 165-180 kg ha -1 , the sowing depth is 2 cm.

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