Mass and center of gravity adjustable split excavator counterweight and method of use

Abstract

A split excavator counterweight with adjustable mass and gravity center and a use method thereof, comprising a fixed counterweight and a movable counterweight, the movable counterweight is hinged together with the fixed counterweight through a pin shaft I, an adjusting oil cylinder I is arranged between the movable counterweight and the fixed counterweight, and two ends of the adjusting oil cylinder I are hinged on the movable counterweight and the fixed counterweight respectively; a plurality of movable counterweight blocks and fixed counterweight blocks are arranged on the movable counterweight, and a hoisting device for hoisting the movable counterweight blocks is further included.The split excavator counterweight with adjustable mass and gravity center and the use method thereof can adjust the gravity center of the counterweight by adjusting the angle of the counterweight through the adjusting oil cylinder, the counterweight is internally provided with a counterweight block mounting and dismounting system, the mass of the counterweight can be changed by controlling the number of the counterweight mounting blocks in the counterweight, the purpose of changing the gravity center of the whole machine is achieved, the machine is suitable for multi-working-condition operation, the diversified requirements of the market for the counterweight are met, and the machine is simple, easy to operate, low in cost, high in efficiency and wide in application range.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a split type excavator counterweight with adjustable mass and gravity center and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The excavator counterweight is externally a metal shell and internally a mixture of iron ore and cement, etc. poured. It is usually a whole structure, assembled and fixed at the tail of the excavator rotary table, and balances the weight of the working device, bucket and material during operation. It plays a role in balancing and stabilizing the whole machine in structure.

[0003] The working conditions of the excavator are complex and the working forms are various. 1. The range of working objects is relatively wide and the quality attributes of the working objects differ greatly. For example, loose soil, hard soil, ordinary ore and high-density metal ore, etc. The difference in materials requires diversification of the counterweight. 2. The working forms are various and the excavator can realize multiple functions such as excavation, loading and crushing. The stability of the whole machine differs significantly in different working forms. 3. The diversity of the working device and the bucket, according to the working conditions, the excavator usually needs to be equipped with different specifications of working devices or multiple types of bucket capacity buckets. During operation, the matching selection of the working device and the bucket requires diversification of the specifications of the counterweight.

[0004] At present, the mass of the excavator counterweight on the market is fixed and the gravity center position cannot be adjusted, which cannot adapt to multiple working conditions and multiple working types. In order to solve this problem, manufacturers usually develop multiple specifications of counterweights to meet customer needs. This method has a long cycle, low efficiency and high cost. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a split type excavator counterweight with adjustable mass and gravity center and a use method thereof, which is simple in structure and good in effect.

[0006] The present application is realized by the following technical scheme: a split type excavator counterweight with adjustable mass and gravity center, comprising a fixed counterweight and a movable counterweight, the fixed counterweight is fixed behind the rotary table of the excavator, the movable counterweight is hinged together with the fixed counterweight through a pin shaft I, an adjusting oil cylinder I is arranged between the movable counterweight and the fixed counterweight, the two ends of the adjusting oil cylinder I are hinged on the movable counterweight and the fixed counterweight through pin shafts II and III respectively; a plurality of movable counterweight blocks and fixed counterweight blocks are arranged on the movable counterweight, and a hoisting device for hoisting the movable counterweight blocks is further included.

[0007] Further, it comprises four counterweights, namely a front counterweight, a rear counterweight, a left counterweight and a right counterweight, the front counterweight, the left counterweight and the right counterweight are fixed counterweights, and the rear counterweight is a movable counterweight.

[0008] The fixed weight block is arranged inside the movable weight near the center line, and the movable weight blocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed weight block, and the movable weight block and the fixed weight block are connected together through a fixed pin shaft.

[0009] The number of the movable weight blocks is even.

[0010] The fixed weight block is fixed on the movable weight through a bolt, the movable weight is provided with a protrusion for limiting the movement of the movable weight block, and the bottom of the movable weight block is provided with a groove matched with the protrusion.

[0011] The hoisting device comprises a guide rail, a pulley, an adjusting oil cylinder II, a motor and a traction rope, the pulley and the piston rod of the adjusting oil cylinder II are connected together, one end of the traction rope is fixed on the motor, the other end of the traction rope passes through the pulley and is connected with the movable weight block together, and the guide rail and the motor are fixed on the movable weight.

[0012] A use method of the split excavator weight with adjustable mass and gravity center, when the bucket capacity is a standard bucket capacity, and the operation object is hard soil, bulk low-density ore and the like, only the fixed weight block is installed on the movable weight, the adjusting oil cylinder I is not elongated, and the rear weight is lifted rearward by an angle of 0;

[0013] When the bucket capacity is a large bucket capacity, and the operation object is hard soil, bulk low-density ore and the like, or the bucket capacity is a standard bucket capacity, and the operation object is high-density, bulk metal ore and the like, only the fixed weight block is installed on the movable weight, the adjusting oil cylinder I is elongated by L3, and the movable weight is lifted rearward by an angle β;

[0014] When the bucket capacity is a large bucket capacity, and the operation object is high-density, bulk metal ore and the like, the movable weight block and the fixed weight block are installed on the movable weight, the adjusting oil cylinder I is elongated by L3, and the movable weight is lifted rearward by an angle β.

[0015] The length L3 of the elongation of the adjusting oil cylinder I is calculated according to the following formula:

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] β = θ1- θ0

[0019]

[0020] Where L0 is the installation length of adjusting cylinder I, L1 is the distance between pin I and pin III, L2 is the distance between pin I and pin II; L3 is the actual length of adjusting cylinder I; L4 is the vertical distance from pin I to the center of gravity of the movable counterweight; L5 is the axial distance from the center of gravity of the movable counterweight to the rotation center in normal operation; β is the lifting angle of the movable counterweight during operation; ρ0 is the density of loose low-density ore; ρ1 is the density of the actual work object; V0 is the standard bucket capacity under the standard working device; V1 is the actual bucket capacity under the standard working device; α is the mass ratio of the movable counterweight to the total counterweight.

[0021] The installation and removal process of the movable counterweight is as follows:

[0022] Install the movable counterweight: Adjust cylinder I to its maximum length, the movable counterweight to its maximum lifting angle, and adjust cylinder II to its shortest length. Fix one end of the traction rope to the ear plate of the movable counterweight to be installed. Start the motor. When the bottom surface of the movable counterweight exceeds the protrusion, turn off the motor. Adjust the length of cylinder II until the fixing pin can pass through the shaft hole on the ear plate of the counterweight.

[0023] Disassembling the counterweight: Adjust cylinder I to its maximum length, the movable counterweight reaches its maximum lifting angle, and adjust cylinder II to its longest length. Remove the fixing pin from the counterweight's ear plate, fix one end of the traction rope to the ear plate of the movable counterweight to be disassembled, adjust cylinder II to its shortest length, start the motor, the traction rope becomes longer, and place the movable counterweight on the ground to complete the disassembly.

[0024] The present invention has the following advantages: The adjustable weight and center of gravity of the split excavator counterweight and its usage method can adjust the center of gravity of the counterweight by adjusting the hydraulic cylinder to change the angle of the counterweight. The counterweight is equipped with a counterweight block installation and removal system. By controlling the number of counterweight installation blocks inside the counterweight, the weight of the counterweight can be changed, thereby changing the center of gravity of the whole machine. It is suitable for multiple working conditions, meets the market's diverse requirements for counterweights, and is simple, easy to implement, low in cost, highly efficient, and widely applicable. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the minimum elongation state after the counterweight is applied according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 and Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the maximum elongation state of the rear counterweight in this invention;

[0028] Figure 5 and Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 is the schematic diagram of the detachable movable counterweight of the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 is the schematic diagram of the length parameter of the present application.

[0031] In the figure: 1, left counterweight, 2, pin shaft I, 3, rear counterweight, 4, front counterweight, 5, right counterweight, 6, pin shaft II, 7, adjusting oil cylinder I, 8, pin shaft III, 9, guide rail, 10, pulley, 11, adjusting oil cylinder II, 12, motor, 13, traction rope, 14, movable counterweight, 15, fixed counterweight, 16, fixed pin shaft, 17, protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to explain and illustrate the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0033] As Figures 1 to 8 shown in the figure, a split excavator counterweight with adjustable mass and gravity center, comprising a fixed counterweight and a movable counterweight, the fixed counterweight is fixed behind the excavator rotary table, the movable counterweight and the fixed counterweight are hinged together through pin shaft I 2, an adjusting oil cylinder I 7 is arranged between the movable counterweight and the fixed counterweight, the two ends of the adjusting oil cylinder I 7 are hinged to the movable counterweight and the fixed counterweight through pin shaft II 6 and pin shaft III 8 respectively; the movable counterweight is provided with a plurality of movable counterweights 14 and fixed counterweights 15, and further comprises a hoisting device for hoisting the movable counterweights 14. The split excavator counterweight with adjustable mass and gravity center of the present application comprises a counterweight main body, a counterweight gravity center adjusting system, a counterweight block mounting and dismounting system and a counterweight block group, wherein the counterweight main body comprises a fixed counterweight and a movable counterweight, the fixed counterweight is fixed at a position behind the excavator rotary table, the movable counterweight rotates relative to the fixed counterweight under the action of the counterweight gravity center adjusting system, and the position of the gravity center is adjusted, wherein the counterweight gravity center adjusting system comprises an adjusting oil cylinder I and a plurality of counterweight blocks, the two ends of the adjusting oil cylinder I are connected to the fixed counterweight and the movable counterweight respectively, the position of the movable counterweight is changed by the extension and shortening of the adjusting oil cylinder I, specifically, the adjusting oil cylinder I is extended, the movable counterweight is rotated around the pin shaft I to be lifted, the overall gravity center of the counterweight moves backward, the adjusting oil cylinder I is shortened, the movable counterweight is rotated around the pin shaft I to fall, and the overall gravity center of the counterweight moves forward, as Figure 2 and Figure 3The shown respectively is the minimum elongation state and the maximum elongation state of the adjusting oil cylinder I; in addition, the change of the gravity center position of the counterweight can also be realized by changing the number of the counterweight blocks; the counterweight block mounting and dismounting system is a hoisting device, which is used when the number of the movable counterweight blocks is changed, and is convenient and fast.

[0034] As Figure 6 The fixed counterweight block 15 is arranged inside the movable counterweight close to the center line, the movable counterweight blocks 14 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed counterweight block 15, and the movable counterweight blocks 14 and the fixed counterweight block 15 are connected together through the fixed pin shaft 16. The number of the movable counterweight blocks 14 is even. The fixed counterweight block 15 is fixed on the movable counterweight through bolts, the movable counterweight is provided with the protrusion 17 for limiting the movement of the movable counterweight blocks 14, and the bottom of the movable counterweight block 14 is provided with the groove matched with the protrusion 17. The counterweight block of the present application comprises the movable counterweight block and the fixed counterweight block, the fixed counterweight block is fixed in the middle of the movable counterweight through bolts, the number of the movable counterweight blocks is even, and the movable counterweight blocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed counterweight block, so that the balance of the whole counterweight is ensured. The movable counterweight block is provided with the triangular groove below and matched with the protrusion on the movable counterweight, so that the sliding of the counterweight block during the lifting of the movable counterweight is prevented, and the fixed pin shaft fixes the counterweight blocks through the shaft holes of the ear plates of all the counterweight blocks.

[0035] As Figures 4 to 5 The hoisting device comprises a guide rail 9, a pulley 10, an adjusting oil cylinder II 11, a motor 12 and a traction rope 13. The pulley 10 is connected with the piston rod of the adjusting oil cylinder II 11, one end of the traction rope 13 is fixed on the motor 12, the other end of the traction rope 13 passes through the pulley 10 and is connected with the movable counterweight block 14, and the guide rail 9 and the motor 12 are fixed on the movable counterweight. The pulley of the present application is fixed on the adjusting oil cylinder II, the adjusting oil cylinder II is mounted on the guide rail, the pulley can slide along the guide rail under the driving of the adjusting oil cylinder II, the guide rail and the motor are fixed on the movable counterweight, the traction rope is connected with the motor, passes through the pulley and is connected with the counterweight block, and the counterweight block can be hoisted under the driving of the motor.

[0036] The use method of the split type excavator counterweight with adjustable mass and gravity center is as follows: when the bucket capacity is the standard bucket capacity and the operation object is hard soil, bulk low-density ore and other materials, only the fixed counterweight block 15 is mounted on the movable counterweight, the adjusting oil cylinder I 7 is not elongated, and the rear counterweight is lifted rearward by an angle of 0.

[0037] When the bucket capacity is large and the working object is hard soil, bulk low-density ore, or when the bucket capacity is standard and the working object is high-density bulk metal ore, only the fixed counterweight block 15 is installed on the movable counterweight, the extension of the hydraulic cylinder I7 is adjusted by L3, and the movable counterweight is raised backward by an angle β.

[0038] When the bucket capacity is large and the work object is high-density, bulk metal ore, etc., a movable counterweight block 14 and a fixed counterweight block 15 are installed on the movable counterweight. The extension L3 of the hydraulic cylinder I7 is adjusted, and the movable counterweight is raised backward by an angle β.

[0039] like Figure 8 As shown, the total length L3 of adjusting cylinder I in each operating state can be calculated using the following four formulas.

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] β=θ1-θ0

[0043]

[0044] Wherein, L0 is the installation length of adjusting cylinder I7, L1 is the distance between pin I2 and pin III8, L2 is the distance between pin I2 and pin II6; L3 is the actual length of adjusting cylinder I7; L4 is the vertical distance from pin I2 to the center of gravity of the movable counterweight; L5 is the axial distance from the center of gravity of the movable counterweight to the rotation center in normal operation; β is the lifting angle of the movable counterweight during operation; ρ0 is the density of loose low-density ore; ρ1 is the density of the actual work object; V0 is the standard bucket capacity under standard working device; V1 is the actual bucket capacity under standard working device; α is the mass ratio of the movable counterweight to the total counterweight.

[0045] The installation and removal process of the movable counterweight 14 is as follows:

[0046] Install the movable counterweight 14: Adjust the adjusting cylinder I7 to its maximum length, the movable counterweight to its maximum lifting angle, and the adjusting cylinder II11 to its shortest length. Fix one end of the traction rope 13 to the ear plate of the movable counterweight 14 to be installed. Start the motor 12. When the bottom surface of the movable counterweight 14 exceeds the protrusion 17, turn off the motor. Adjust the length of the adjusting cylinder II11 until the fixing pin 16 can pass through the shaft hole on the ear plate of the counterweight.

[0047] Dismantling the counterweight: adjust the adjusting oil cylinder I 7 to the maximum length, the movable counterweight reaches the maximum lifting angle, adjust the oil cylinder II 11 to the longest length, remove the fixed pin shaft 16 from the ear plate of the counterweight, fix one end of the traction rope 13 on the ear plate of the movable counterweight 14 to be dismantled, adjust the oil cylinder II 11 to the shortest length, start the motor 12, the traction rope 13 becomes longer, and the movable counterweight 14 is placed on the ground to complete the dismantling.

[0048] The mass and gravity center adjustable split excavator counterweight and the use method of the present application are not limited to a specific tonnage excavator, are suitable for all large and super large excavators, have a wide application range, the related adjustment system involved belongs to a hydraulic system, power can be directly provided by the hydraulic drive of the excavator, the gravity center adjustable counterweight adjustment mode belongs to stepless adjustment, is simple to operate, accurate, and has low noise, the counterweight has high universality and interchangeability, is convenient to recycle, the counterweight internally has a mounting and dismounting system, the counterweight is simple to mount and dismount, is firmly mounted, and does not shake during operation, the counterweight main body involved belongs to a metal material, is not filled with cement ore internally, is convenient to recycle and use, and the manufacturing process is simple and environmentally friendly.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that: the above only for the preferred examples of the present application patent, and not for limiting the present application patent, although the present application patent is described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, for those skilled in the art, it still can modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application patent should be included in the protection scope of the present application patent.

Claims

1. A method of using a split weight for a mass and center of gravity adjustable excavator, the method comprising: The utility model relates to a backhoe, which comprises a fixed counterweight and a movable counterweight, the fixed counterweight is fixed behind the slewing ring of the backhoe, the movable counterweight is hinged with the fixed counterweight through a pin shaft I (2), an adjusting oil cylinder I (7) is arranged between the movable counterweight and the fixed counterweight, and the two ends of the adjusting oil cylinder I (7) are hinged on the movable counterweight and the fixed counterweight through a pin shaft II (6) and a pin shaft III (8) respectively; a plurality of movable counterweight blocks (14) and fixed counterweight blocks (15) are arranged on the movable counterweight; and a hoisting device for hoisting the movable counterweight blocks (14) is further arranged. When the bucket capacity is standard, and the operation object is hard soil or bulk low-density ore material, only the fixed counterweight blocks (15) are arranged on the movable counterweight, the adjusting oil cylinder I (7) is not elongated, and the rear counterweight is lifted rearward by an angle of 0. When the bucket capacity is large, and the operation object is hard soil or bulk low-density ore material, or the bucket capacity is standard, and the operation object is high-density bulk metal ore material, only the fixed counterweight blocks (15) are arranged on the movable counterweight, the adjusting oil cylinder I (7) is elongated by L3, and the movable counterweight is lifted rearward by an angle β. When the bucket capacity is large, and the operation object is high-density bulk metal ore material, the movable counterweight blocks (14) and the fixed counterweight blocks (15) are arranged on the movable counterweight, the adjusting oil cylinder I (7) is elongated by L3, and the movable counterweight is lifted rearward by an angle β. The calculation formula of the length L3 of the elongation of the adjusting oil cylinder I (7) is as follows: β=θ1-θ0 Wherein, L0 is the installation length of the adjusting oil cylinder I (7), L1 is the distance between the pin shaft I (2) and the pin shaft III (8), L2 is the distance between the pin shaft I (2) and the pin shaft II (6), L3 is the actual length of the adjusting oil cylinder I (7), L4 is the vertical distance from the pin shaft I (2) to the gravity center of the movable counterweight, L5 is the axial distance from the gravity center of the movable counterweight to the rotation center in the conventional operation state, β is the lifting angle of the movable counterweight during operation, ρ0 is the density of loose low-density ore, ρ1 is the density of the actual operation object, V0 is the standard bucket capacity under the standard working device, V1 is the actual bucket capacity under the standard working device, and α is the mass ratio of the movable counterweight to the whole counterweight.

2. A method of using a split weight for a mass and center of gravity adjustable excavator as described in claim 1, wherein: The utility model relates to a backhoe, which comprises a fixed counterweight and a movable counterweight, the fixed counterweight is fixed behind the slewing ring of the backhoe, the movable counterweight is hinged with the fixed counterweight through a pin shaft I (2), an adjusting oil cylinder I (7) is arranged between the movable counterweight and the fixed counterweight, and the two ends of the adjusting oil cylinder I (7) are hinged on the movable counterweight and the fixed counterweight through a pin shaft II (6) and a pin shaft III (8) respectively; a plurality of movable counterweight blocks (14) and fixed counterweight blocks (15) are arranged on the movable counterweight; and a hoisting device for hoisting the movable counterweight blocks (14) is further arranged.

3. The method of using a split weight for a mass and center of gravity adjustable excavator of claim 1, wherein: The fixed counterweight blocks (15) are arranged inside the movable counterweight and close to the center line, the movable counterweight blocks (14) are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the fixed counterweight blocks (15), and the movable counterweight blocks (14) and the fixed counterweight blocks (15) are connected together through a fixed pin shaft (16).

4. A method of using a split weight for a mass and center of gravity adjustable excavator as described in claim 3, wherein: The number of the movable counterweight blocks (14) is even.

5. The method of using a split weight for a mass and center of gravity adjustable excavator of claim 1, wherein: The fixed counterweight blocks (15) are fixed on the movable counterweight through bolts, the movable counterweight is provided with protrusions (17) for limiting the movement of the movable counterweight blocks (14), and the bottom of the movable counterweight blocks (14) is provided with recesses matched with the protrusions (17).

6. A method of using a split weight for a mass and center of gravity adjustable excavator as described in claim 1, wherein: The lifting device comprises a guide rail (9), a pulley (10), an adjusting oil cylinder II (11), a motor (12) and a traction rope (13), the pulley (10) and the piston rod of the adjusting oil cylinder II (11) are connected together, one end of the traction rope (13) is fixed on the motor (12), the other end of the traction rope (13) passes through the pulley (10) and is connected with a movable counterweight (14) together, and the guide rail (9) and the motor (12) are fixed on the movable counterweight.

7. The method of using a split weight for a mass and center of gravity adjustable excavator of claim 1, wherein: The installation and dismounting process of the movable counterweight (14) is as follows: The movable counterweight (14) is installed: the adjusting oil cylinder I (7) is adjusted to the maximum length, the movable counterweight reaches the maximum lifting angle, the adjusting oil cylinder II (11) is the shortest, one end of the traction rope (13) is fixed on the ear plate of the movable counterweight (14) to be installed, the motor (12) is started, the bottom surface of the movable counterweight (14) exceeds the protrusion (17), the motor is turned off, and the length of the adjusting oil cylinder II (11) is adjusted to the fixed pin shaft (16) which can pass through the shaft hole on the ear plate of the counterweight. The counterweight is dismounted: the adjusting oil cylinder I (7) is adjusted to the maximum length, the movable counterweight reaches the maximum lifting angle, the adjusting oil cylinder II (11) is the longest, the fixed pin shaft (16) is removed from the ear plate of the counterweight, one end of the traction rope (13) is fixed on the ear plate of the movable counterweight (14) to be dismounted, the length of the adjusting oil cylinder II (11) is the shortest, the motor (12) is started, the traction rope (13) is lengthened, the movable counterweight (14) is placed on the ground, and the dismounting is completed.

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