A method for treating water damage of burned and altered rock based on well-ground segmented exploration and abandonment

Abstract

The application provides a burnt rock water hazard treatment method based on well-ground segmented exploration and drainage, comprising the following steps: step one, determining the water enrichment zoning of the burnt rock aquifer; step two, determining the ground water drainage hole arrangement; step three, draining the top burnt rock water level by using the ground water drainage hole; step four, determining the downhole directional drilling hole arrangement; step five, determining the downhole directional water drainage hole arrangement; step six, draining the top burnt rock water level by using the downhole directional water drainage hole; step seven, verifying the drainage effect and supplementing the drainage. The application superimposes the burnt rock bottom boundary contour map and the surface valley distribution map to comprehensively determine the water enrichment zone distribution of the burnt rock aquifer, improves the exploration precision of the burnt rock aquifer water enrichment boundary, and provides an accurate target for the water exploration and drainage drilling hole arrangement. On this basis, the defects that the traditional ground or downhole water exploration and drainage method cannot effectively cover the burnt rock water enrichment abnormal zone are overcome, the drainage effect is improved, and the safety of the large roadway excavation and the working face mining is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mine water control technology, and relates to flammable rock water hazards, specifically to a method for controlling flammable rock water hazards based on well-to-ground segmented exploration and release. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there are two main modes of water hazard in sintered rock: lateral sintered rock water hazard during the tunnel excavation stage and top sintered rock water hazard during the working face mining stage. The corresponding water hazard control methods are mainly three: leaving water-proof (isolated) coal pillars, curtain interception, and water exploration and drainage. Among these, the water exploration and drainage method is the most widely used. Generally, before tunnel excavation or working face mining, based on the water-rich area of ​​the aquifer, surface or underground water exploration and drainage boreholes are arranged to drain the water level of the sintered rock aquifer, reducing the impact of sintered rock water hazards during coal seam mining. This method is suitable for situations with limited aquifer recharge and has the advantages of simple technology and ease of construction. However, it has two disadvantages: first, limited exploration accuracy makes it difficult to clearly identify the water-rich boundary of the aquifer, hindering effective guidance for the layout of water exploration and drainage boreholes; second, the control range of conventional water exploration and drainage technology is limited, making it difficult to accurately construct to the water-rich area of ​​the aquifer, easily leading to poor local drainage effects and causing safety accidents.

[0003] Therefore, improving the accuracy of the exploration of the water-rich boundary of the aquifer in pyrophyllite, optimizing the construction technology of the exploration and drainage boreholes, and proposing a highly applicable, safe and reliable method for water exploration and drainage of pyrophyllite are the main directions for the prevention and control of water hazards in pyrophyllite. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for controlling water hazards in igneous rocks based on well-to-ground segmented exploration and release, thereby solving the technical problem that the existing methods for controlling water hazards in igneous rocks need further improvement.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for controlling water hazards in igneous rocks based on well-to-ground segmented exploration and release, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Determine the water-bearing zones of the aquifer in the pyromorphic rock:

[0008] Draw contour lines of the top boundary of the igneous rock at the working face to be mined and overlay a distribution map of surface gullies. Divide the low-lying areas and surface gully sections into strong water-rich areas, the medium-lying areas into medium water-rich areas, and the high-lying areas into weak water-rich areas, thus obtaining the water-rich zoning of the igneous rock aquifer.

[0009] Step 2, determine the layout of ground drainage holes:

[0010] Based on the water-bearing zoning of the aquifer obtained in step one, at least one row of surface drainage holes shall be arranged on the surface of the working face to be mined.

[0011] Step 3: Use surface drainage holes to drain the water level in the top of the igneous rock.

[0012] Determine the safe head of the tunnel. H 安1 Pumping is carried out using the surface drainage holes arranged in step two to increase the initial water head of the top pyromorphic rock aquifer. H 初 Lower to safe head H 安1 The following is used to cover the excavation of the main tunnel.

[0013] Step 4: Determine the layout of downhole directional boreholes:

[0014] Before tunneling, a set of underground directional boreholes are drilled in the coal pillar between the tunnel and the boundary of the lateral igneous rock water accumulation to explore the integrity of the boundary coal pillar and to eliminate the threat of lateral igneous rock water hazards to the tunneling face to be mined.

[0015] Step 5: Determine the layout of downhole directional drainage holes:

[0016] After the working face to be mined is formed, the height of the water-conducting fracture zone in the working face is determined. H 裂 Based on the water-bearing zoning of the sintered rock aquifer obtained in step one, construct directional drainage holes in the well to drain water from the medium and strong water-bearing sintered rock aquifers within the development range of the water-conducting fracture zone.

[0017] Step 6: Use the downhole directional drainage holes to drain the water level in the top of the igneous rock.

[0018] Using the downhole directional drainage holes in step five, the water level of the top igneous rock is drained, and the water in the igneous rock aquifer within the range of the water-conducting fracture zone is drained to a waterless state, ensuring the safe mining of the working face.

[0019] Step 7: Verify the effectiveness of the dredging and supplement the dredging:

[0020] Additional water exploration holes were added in the construction wells of the two roadways and the low-lying areas of the cut to verify the drainage effect in step six, and supplementary drainage was carried out.

[0021] The present invention also has the following technical features:

[0022] In step two, the final drilling stratum of the surface drainage hole reveals a pyromorphic rock aquifer, and the diameter of the bare borehole section is not less than φ91mm.

[0023] In step three, the safety head... H 安1Calculated using analytical or numerical methods.

[0024] The analytical method for calculating total head H 安1 The formula is:

[0025]

[0026] In the formula:

[0027] H 安1 Indicates the safe head, measured in MPa;

[0028] t This indicates the thickness of the waterproof layer, in meters (m).

[0029] L This indicates the width of the tunnel, in meters (m).

[0030] This indicates the average unit weight of the waterproof layer in the top slab, expressed in MN / m³.

[0031] K p This indicates the average tensile strength of the waterproof layer in the top slab, expressed in MPa.

[0032] In step four, the distance between the trajectory of the underground directional drilling and the roadway shall not be less than the safety coal pillar. L 安 The diameter of the bare hole section shall not be less than φ91mm.

[0033] In step four, the safety coal pillar... L 安 Calculated using analytical or numerical methods.

[0034] The analytical method for calculating safe coal pillars L 安 The formula is:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula:

[0037] L 安 This represents a safe coal pillar, measured in meters (m).

[0038] K Indicates the safety factor;

[0039] M This indicates the thickness or mining height of the coal seam, in meters (m).

[0040] p The actual head value is expressed in MPa.

[0041] K p This indicates the tensile strength of coal, expressed in MPa.

[0042] In step five, the borehole spacing of the downhole directional drainage holes shall not be less than 20m, and the final borehole level shall be close to the height of the water-conducting fracture zone. H 裂 .

[0043] In step seven, each drilling site shall construct no less than one downhole supplementary water exploration and drainage hole, and the final drilling level of the downhole supplementary water exploration and drainage hole shall not be lower than the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone. H 裂 .

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0045] (I) The present invention overcomes the following defects in the prior art: The present invention comprehensively determines the distribution of water-rich areas of the aquifer by superimposing contour maps of the bottom boundary of the igneous rock and surface valley distribution maps, thereby improving the accuracy of the exploration of the water-rich boundary of the igneous rock aquifer and providing precise target points for the layout of water exploration and release boreholes.

[0046] (II) The present invention overcomes the following defects in the prior art: The present invention explores and drains the water in the top and lateral sintered rock of the working face in stages by using conventional surface drainage drilling, directional long-distance boundary coal pillar exploration and top drainage drilling, and conventional underground drainage verification holes. The layout of the drilling can effectively cover the sintered rock aquifer, ensuring the drainage effect. This overcomes the defect that traditional surface or underground drainage methods cannot effectively cover the water-rich abnormal area of ​​sintered rock, improves the drainage effect, and ensures the safe mining of the working face. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the water-bearing zoning of the aquifer in the pyromorphic rock according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the arrangement of ground drainage holes according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the arrangement of ground drainage holes according to the present invention.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral coal pillar in the downhole directional drilling of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the arrangement of downhole directional drainage holes according to the present invention.

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the arrangement of downhole directional drainage holes according to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 7 This is a schematic plan view of the arrangement of the downhole supplementary exploration and drainage holes according to the present invention.

[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the downhole supplementary exploration and drainage holes according to the present invention.

[0055] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 1-Working face to be mined, 2-Surface gully, 3-Roadway to be excavated, 4-Strong water-rich area, 5-Medium water-rich area, 6-Weak water-rich area, 7-Aquifer aquifer, 8-Surface drainage hole (hole group 1), 9-Coal seam, 10-Water level of aquifer aquifer, 11-Underground directional borehole (hole group 2), 12-Underground directional drainage hole (hole group 3), 13-Rapid fissure zone range, 14-Collapse zone range, 15-Underground supplementary exploration and drainage hole (hole group 4), 16-Excavated roadway.

[0056] The specific content of the present invention will be further explained in detail below with reference to the embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0057] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all devices in this invention are devices known in the prior art.

[0058] Two ignition rock water hazard accidents occurred in a coal mine in Xinjiang during the tunnel excavation and working face mining process. In order to prevent similar accidents from happening again in the subsequent working face mining process, it is urgent to carry out a ignition rock water hazard control project.

[0059] As described in the background section, the water exploration and release method is the most widely used method for controlling water hazards in igneous rocks, but it has two drawbacks: First, due to the limited accuracy of the exploration method, it is difficult to determine the water-rich boundary of the aquifer, which cannot effectively guide the layout of the water exploration and release boreholes; second, the conventional water exploration and release process has a limited control range, making it difficult to accurately construct to the water-rich area of ​​the aquifer, which can easily lead to poor local drainage effect and cause safety accidents.

[0060] To overcome the deficiencies of the prior art described in the background section, the present invention aims to provide a method for controlling water hazards in sintered rock based on segmented exploration and drainage from underground to surface. The water-bearing capacity of sintered rock aquifers is mainly controlled by the contour lines of the sintered rock strata's bottom boundary and surface valleys; aquifers in low-lying areas and surface valley sections have strong water-bearing capacity. Therefore, the present invention first superimposes the contour lines of the sintered rock's bottom boundary and the distribution of surface valleys to comprehensively determine the water-bearing areas of the sintered rock aquifers. Based on this, conventional surface boreholes are used to drain the water level of the sintered rock aquifers, protecting the main roadway excavation; before the working face roadway excavation, underground directional long-distance boreholes are used to explore the boundary water-proof (isolated) coal pillars, protecting the working face roadway excavation; before the working face is mined, underground directional long-distance boreholes are used to drain the strongly water-bearing area of ​​the top sintered rock aquifer, and conventional boreholes are used to supplement and verify the water drainage effect, ensuring thorough drainage of accumulated water in the sintered rock within the mining disturbance range and eliminating the threat of water hazards from the top and sides of the sintered rock.

[0061] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. All equivalent modifications made based on the technical solutions of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0062] Example:

[0063] This embodiment presents a method for controlling water hazards in igneous rocks based on well-to-ground segmented exploration and release. The method includes the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: Determine the water-bearing zones of the aquifer in the pyromorphic rock:

[0065] Draw contour lines of the top boundary of the igneous rock at the working face 1 and overlay a distribution map of the surface gullies 2. Divide the low-lying areas and surface gullies into strong water-rich areas 4, the medium-lying areas into medium water-rich areas 5, and the high-lying areas into weak water-rich areas 6, thus obtaining the water-rich zoning of the igneous rock aquifer.

[0066] In this embodiment, the schematic diagram of the water-bearing zoning of the sintered rock aquifer 7 is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0067] Step 2, determine the layout of ground drainage holes:

[0068] Based on the water-bearing zoning of the sintered rock aquifer obtained in step one, at least one row of surface drainage holes 8 (hole group 1) shall be arranged on the surface of the working face 1 to be mined. The drilling end point of the surface drainage holes 8 shall expose the sintered rock aquifer 7, and the diameter of the bare hole section shall not be less than φ91mm.

[0069] In this embodiment, a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the arrangement of the ground drainage holes 8 is shown below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0070] In this embodiment, the surface drainage holes 8 are densely deployed in areas with strong water-bearing capacity of the pyromorphic rock aquifer 7.

[0071] Step 3: Use surface drainage holes to drain the water level in the top of the igneous rock.

[0072] Determine the safe head of the tunnel. H 安1 Water is pumped out using the surface drainage holes 8 arranged in step two to reduce the initial water head of the top pyromorphic rock aquifer 7. H 初 Lower to safe head H 安1 The following, such as Figure 3 As shown, it is used to cover the excavation of the main tunnel.

[0073] Furthermore, safety head H 安1 Calculated using analytical or numerical methods.

[0074] Analytical method for calculating total head H 安1 The formula is:

[0075]

[0076] In the formula:

[0077] H 安1 Indicates the safe head, measured in MPa;

[0078] t This indicates the thickness of the waterproof layer, which is 50m in this embodiment;

[0079] L This represents the width of the tunnel, which is taken as 5m in this embodiment;

[0080] This represents the average unit weight of the top slab waterproofing layer, which is taken as 0.39MN / m³ in this embodiment;

[0081] K p This represents the average tensile strength of the waterproof layer on the top slab, which is 0.1 MPa in this embodiment.

[0082] In this embodiment, the calculation is as follows: H 安1 =0.5MPa, meaning the initial hydraulic head H of the aquifer needs to be increased. 初 (0.8MPa) Reduced to safe head H 安1 (0.5MPa) or less.

[0083] Step 4: Determine the layout of downhole directional boreholes:

[0084] Before tunnel excavation, a set of underground directional boreholes 11 (borehole group 2) was constructed in the coal pillar between the tunnel and the lateral boundary of the igneous rock water accumulation. Figure 4 As shown, to investigate the integrity of the boundary coal pillar, the distance between the trajectory of the underground directional borehole 11 and the roadway is not less than the safety coal pillar. L 安 The diameter of the bare borehole section is not less than φ91mm, which is used to eliminate the threat of lateral burnt rock water hazards during the tunnel excavation of the working face 1.

[0085] Furthermore, safety coal pillars L 安 Calculated using analytical or numerical methods.

[0086] Analytical method for calculating safe coal pillars L 安 The formula is:

[0087]

[0088] In the formula:

[0089] L 安 This indicates the width of the safety coal pillar, expressed in meters (m).

[0090] K This represents the safety factor, which is set to 3 in this embodiment;

[0091] M This indicates the coal seam thickness or mining height; in this example, it is taken as 3m.

[0092] p This represents the actual head value, which is taken as 0.5 MPa in this embodiment;

[0093] K p This represents the tensile strength of coal, which is taken as 0.02 MPa in this embodiment.

[0094] In this embodiment, the calculation is as follows: L 安 =39m, meaning that the thickness of the lateral coal pillar to be explored should be no less than 39m.

[0095] Step 5: Determine the layout of downhole directional drainage holes:

[0096] After the working face 1 is formed, the height of the water-conducting fracture zone of the working face 1 is determined. H 裂 Based on the water-bearing zoning of the aquifer obtained in step one, 12 directional drainage holes (hole group 3) were constructed in the well, as follows: Figure 5As shown, water in the moderately and strongly water-rich sintered rock aquifer 7 within the development range of the water-conducting fracture zone is drained. The borehole spacing of the downhole directional drainage holes 12 is not less than 20m, and the final borehole level is close to the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone. H 裂 .

[0097] Furthermore, the water-conducting fracture zone is highly developed. H 裂 Calculated using analytical methods, empirical formulas, or numerical methods.

[0098] Empirical formula for calculating the development height of water-conducting fracture zones H 裂 The formula is shown in Table 1.

[0099] Table 1. Empirical formula for calculating the development height of water-conducting fracture zones. H 裂 formula

[0100]

[0101] Note:

[0102] 1. For cumulative thickness.

[0103] 2. Application scope of the formula: single layer thickness 1~3m, cumulative thickness not exceeding 15m.

[0104] 3. The ± sign in the calculation formula represents the mean square error.

[0105] In this embodiment, based on the exploration data of the implementation area, the roof lithology of coal seam 9 is medium-hard rock, with a mining thickness of 3m. The height of the water-conducting fracture zone is calculated according to Formula 1. H 裂 The value is 41.31m; the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone calculated by Formula 2. H 裂 The value is 44.64m. Preferably, 44.64m is selected as the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone, that is, the final borehole level of the directional drilling is close to 44.64m.

[0106] Step 6: Use the downhole directional drainage holes to drain the water level in the top of the igneous rock.

[0107] Use the downhole directional drainage hole 12 (hole group 3) in step five to drain the water level of the top igneous rock, such as Figure 6 As shown, the water in the aquifer 7 of the sintered rock within the range of the water-conducting fracture zone is drained to a waterless state to ensure the safe mining of the working face 1.

[0108] Step 7: Verify the effectiveness of the dredging and supplement the dredging:

[0109] In the two roadways and the low-lying areas of the cut, 15 additional water exploration and drainage holes (hole group 4) were constructed underground. Figure 7 As shown, verify the effect of the drainage in step six, and perform supplementary drainage, as follows. Figure 8 As shown, each drilling site shall construct no less than one downhole supplementary water exploration and drainage hole 15, and the final drilling level of the downhole supplementary water exploration and drainage hole 15 shall not be lower than the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone. H 裂 .

Claims

1. A method for controlling water hazards in igneous rocks based on well-to-ground segmented exploration and release, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the water-bearing zones of the aquifer in the pyromorphic rock: Draw the contour lines of the top of the igneous rock bottom boundary and the distribution map of the superimposed surface gullies (2) of the working face to be mined (1). Divide the low-lying areas and surface gully sections into strong water-rich areas (4), the medium-lying areas into medium water-rich areas (5), and the high-lying areas into weak water-rich areas (6), thus obtaining the water-rich zoning of the igneous rock aquifer. Step 2, determine the layout of ground drainage holes: Based on the water-bearing zoning of the aquifer obtained in step one, at least one row of surface drainage holes (8) shall be arranged on the surface of the working face (1) to be mined. Step 3: Use surface drainage holes to drain the water level in the top of the igneous rock. Determine the safe head of the tunnel. H 安1 Pumping is carried out using the surface drainage holes (8) arranged in step two to reduce the initial water head of the top pyromorphic rock aquifer (7). H 初 Lower to safe head H 安1 The following is used to cover the excavation of the main tunnel; In step three, the safety head... H 安1 Calculated using analytical or numerical methods; The analytical method for calculating total head H 安1 The formula is: In the formula: H 安1 Indicates the safe head, measured in MPa; t This indicates the thickness of the waterproof layer, in meters (m). L This indicates the width of the tunnel, in meters (m). This indicates the average unit weight of the waterproof layer in the top slab, expressed in MN / m³. K p This represents the average tensile strength of the waterproof layer in the top slab, expressed in MPa. Step 4: Determine the layout of downhole directional boreholes: Before the roadway is excavated, a set of underground directional boreholes (11) are drilled in the coal pillar between the roadway and the boundary of the lateral sintered rock water accumulation to explore the integrity of the boundary coal pillar and to eliminate the threat of lateral sintered rock water hazards to the roadway excavation of the working face (1). Step 5: Determine the layout of downhole directional drainage holes: After the working face (1) is formed, the height of the water-conducting fracture zone of the working face (1) is determined. H 裂 Based on the water-bearing zoning of the sintered rock aquifer obtained in step one, construct the downhole directional drainage hole (12) to drain the water from the medium and strong water-bearing sintered rock aquifer (7) within the development range of the water-conducting fracture zone; Step 6: Use the downhole directional drainage holes to drain the water level in the top of the igneous rock. Using the downhole directional drainage hole (12) in step five, the water level of the top igneous rock is drained, and the water in the igneous rock aquifer (7) within the range of the water-conducting fracture zone is drained to a waterless state, ensuring the safe mining of the working face (1). Step 7: Verify the effectiveness of the dredging and supplement the dredging: Supplement water exploration holes (15) in the construction wells of the two roadways and the low-lying areas of the cut-off holes to verify the drainage effect in step six, and carry out supplementary drainage.

2. The method for controlling water hazards in igneous rocks based on well-to-ground segmented exploration and release as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the final drilling position of the ground drainage hole (8) reveals the pyromorphic rock aquifer (7), and the diameter of the bare hole section is not less than φ91mm.

3. The method for controlling water hazards in ignited rocks based on well-to-ground segmented exploration and release as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, the distance between the trajectory of the underground directional borehole (11) and the roadway is not less than the safety coal pillar. L 安 The diameter of the bare hole section shall not be less than φ91mm.

4. The method for controlling water hazards in igneous rocks based on well-to-ground segmented exploration and release as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step four, the safety coal pillar... L 安 Calculated using analytical or numerical methods; The analytical method for calculating safe coal pillars L 安 The formula is: In the formula: L 安 This represents a safe coal pillar, measured in meters (m). K Indicates the safety factor; M This indicates the thickness or mining height of the coal seam, in meters (m). p The actual head value is expressed in MPa. K p This indicates the tensile strength of coal, expressed in MPa.

5. The method for controlling water hazards in igneous rocks based on well-to-ground segmented exploration and release as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, the borehole spacing of the downhole directional drainage holes (12) is not less than 20m, and the final borehole level is close to the height of the water-conducting fracture zone. H 裂 .

6. The method for controlling water hazards in ignited rock based on well-to-ground segmented exploration and release as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step seven, each drilling site shall construct no less than one downhole supplementary water exploration and drainage hole (15), and the final drilling position of the downhole supplementary water exploration and drainage hole (15) shall not be lower than the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone. H 裂 .

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