Method, apparatus, device and storage medium for fuel cell air system simulation

Abstract

This application provides a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for simulating a fuel cell air system. The method includes: obtaining the physical quantity transfer relationships between multiple components of the fuel cell air system; determining the data transfer relationships between the basic component models corresponding to the multiple components based on the physical quantity transfer relationships, thereby obtaining a simulation model of the fuel cell air system; the basic component models characterizing the dynamic processes of the corresponding components; calibrating the simulation model using test data; and performing hardware-in-the-loop testing based on the calibrated simulation model to obtain simulation data. This application addresses the problem that existing simulation schemes based on polarization curves cannot describe dynamic processes. It constructs a simulation model using basic component models characterizing the dynamic processes of each component in the fuel cell air system, and uses the simulation model to perform hardware-in-the-loop testing of the fuel cell air system, thereby obtaining simulation data that reflects the dynamic processes and achieving a more accurate simulation of the fuel cell system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment, and storage medium for simulating a fuel cell air system. Background Technology

[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have broad application prospects due to their advantages such as high efficiency, zero emissions, low operating temperature, and strong environmental adaptability. With the booming development of the fuel cell industry, in-depth system research and development is receiving increasing attention, and model-based forward system development methods are being widely used by various research institutions. High-precision and robust models are the foundation for system architecture design, core component working boundary decomposition, and software design. Based on fundamental mathematical principles, they can design and optimize system architecture and performance, and support software development by simulating the actual system operation process, thereby increasing the scientific rigor of system design, reducing the number of experimental iterations, and effectively shortening the product development cycle.

[0003] Currently, fuel cell system models are generally oversimplified. Most stack models use polarization curves under certain specific operating conditions. However, polarization curves characterize the static properties of the fuel cell system and cannot describe the dynamic process of the fuel cell system during operation. Therefore, the simulation results obtained based on polarization curves have low accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for simulating a fuel cell air system.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a method for simulating a fuel cell air system, comprising:

[0006] To obtain the physical quantity transfer relationships between multiple components of a fuel cell air system;

[0007] Based on the physical quantity transfer relationship, the data transfer relationship between the basic component models corresponding to the multiple components is determined, and a simulation model of the fuel cell air system is obtained.

[0008] The simulation model was calibrated using test data;

[0009] Hardware-in-the-loop testing was performed based on the calibrated simulation model to obtain simulation data.

[0010] Optionally, the test data includes the air feed parameters of the fuel cell air system and the stack output voltage;

[0011] The calibration of the simulation model using test data includes:

[0012] Input the current density, air compressor speed, combined valve opening degree, and back pressure valve opening degree data into the simulation model to obtain the air inlet parameters and stack output voltage output by the simulation model; wherein, the air inlet parameters include air inlet pressure, air inlet flow rate, and air inlet temperature;

[0013] The air feed parameters and stack output voltage output by the simulation model are compared with the corresponding test data, and the simulation model is calibrated based on the comparison results.

[0014] Optionally, before calibrating the simulation model using test data, the method further includes:

[0015] Verify that the data transmission relationship is correct.

[0016] Optional, also includes:

[0017] The accuracy of the calibrated simulation model is evaluated by comparing the simulation data with the pre-collected experimental data.

[0018] A second aspect of this application provides an apparatus for simulating a fuel cell air system, comprising:

[0019] The acquisition unit is used to obtain the physical quantity transfer relationships between multiple components of the fuel cell air system;

[0020] A determining unit is used to determine the data transmission relationship between the basic component models corresponding to the multiple components based on the physical quantity transmission relationship, so as to obtain a simulation model of the fuel cell air system.

[0021] A calibration unit is used to calibrate the simulation model using test data;

[0022] The test unit is used to perform hardware-in-the-loop testing based on the calibrated simulation model to obtain simulation data.

[0023] Optionally, the test data includes the air feed parameters of the fuel cell air system and the stack output voltage;

[0024] When the calibration unit calibrates the simulation model using test data, it is specifically used for:

[0025] Input the current density, air compressor speed, combined valve opening degree, and back pressure valve opening degree data into the simulation model to obtain the air inlet parameters and stack output voltage output by the simulation model; wherein, the air inlet parameters include air inlet pressure, air inlet flow rate, and air inlet temperature;

[0026] The air feed parameters and stack output voltage output by the simulation model are compared with the corresponding test data, and the simulation model is calibrated based on the comparison results.

[0027] Optional, also includes:

[0028] The verification unit is used to verify whether the data transmission relationship is correct.

[0029] Optional, also includes:

[0030] An evaluation unit is used to evaluate the accuracy of the calibrated simulation model by comparing the simulation data with pre-collected experimental data.

[0031] A third aspect of this application provides a computer storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed, is specifically used to implement the method for simulating a fuel cell air system provided in any of the first aspects of this application.

[0032] A fourth aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor;

[0033] The memory is used to store computer programs;

[0034] The processor is used to execute the computer program, specifically to implement the method for simulating a fuel cell air system provided in any of the first aspects of this application.

[0035] This application provides a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for simulating a fuel cell air system. The method includes: obtaining the physical quantity transfer relationships between multiple components of the fuel cell air system; determining the data transfer relationships between the basic component models corresponding to the multiple components based on the physical quantity transfer relationships, thereby obtaining a simulation model of the fuel cell air system; the basic component models characterizing the dynamic processes of the corresponding components; calibrating the simulation model using test data; and performing hardware-in-the-loop testing based on the calibrated simulation model to obtain simulation data. This application addresses the problem that existing simulation schemes based on polarization curves cannot describe dynamic processes. It constructs a simulation model using basic component models characterizing the dynamic processes of each component in the fuel cell air system, and uses the simulation model to perform hardware-in-the-loop testing of the fuel cell air system, thereby obtaining simulation data that reflects the dynamic processes and achieving a more accurate simulation of the fuel cell system. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1A schematic diagram of a single-cell air-side structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for simulating a fuel cell air system, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the data transmission relationship in a fuel cell air system provided in this application embodiment;

[0040] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a simulation model of a fuel cell air system provided in this application embodiment;

[0041] Figure 5 A schematic diagram comparing simulation data and experimental data provided in this application embodiment;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for simulating a fuel cell air system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] This application first establishes a multi-physics coupling model of "fluid-heat-mass-electricity-force", which can accurately predict the physicochemical processes that occur during the operation of the fuel cell system and their mutual coupling relationships. It can support in-depth analysis of the sensitivity of the stack output characteristics to operating conditions, and the influence mechanism of the physical processes occurring in auxiliary components on the stack operating conditions.

[0046] This application also establishes a dynamic model of the fuel cell system based on dynamic issues such as the system's flow response, thermal response, mass transfer response, and mechanical response, through mathematical description. This model can support high-precision prediction of changes in the system's operating conditions and output characteristics under frequent power variations, as well as changes in the working boundaries of various auxiliary components. The system model of this application is applied to hardware-in-the-loop testing, possessing broad operating condition coverage and high dynamic characteristic prediction accuracy, and can correctly support software development and controller testing.

[0047] To implement this scheme, it is first necessary to construct mathematical models, or basic component models, to characterize the dynamic processes of each component in the fuel cell air system during operation.

[0048] Generally, based on the characteristics of each component, the components in a fuel cell air system can be classified into several categories: flow resistance elements, cavity elements, heat exchange elements, rotating elements, and single-cell elements. The dynamic processes of components of the same type can be characterized by the same basic element model. The basic element models corresponding to these types of components will be explained below.

[0049] Based on model assumptions and known physical parameters, flow resistance element models can be modeled using the following four methods: kv value method (flow resistance coefficient method), area method (cross-sectional area method), reference_condition method (reference operating point method), and flow_character_table method (flow characteristic lookup table method).

[0050] In this embodiment, different modeling schemes can be used to construct the flow resistance element model according to the specific components. Specifically, for the flow resistance element model corresponding to the air filter, the flow characteristic lookup table method can be used for modeling, and the flow rate of the air filter under different pressure drops can be obtained by linear interpolation using experimentally measured data tables; the pipelines between components have both resistive and capacitive characteristics, so the flow resistance coefficient method is used in this application to construct the flow resistance element model corresponding to the pipeline.

[0051] The cavity element model, based on model assumptions, describes the inflow / outflow of the cavity and the changes in the gas state (pressure, temperature, and composition) within the cavity through mass conservation, energy conservation, and composition conservation equations. The energy conservation equations particularly emphasize the energy released during the liquefaction of water vapor.

[0052] The detailed modeling mechanism of the cavity element model is as follows:

[0053] Based on the principle of mass conservation, the following equation for the conservation of cavity mass is determined:

[0054]

[0055] Where, p X The partial pressure of gas X (X can represent any one of oxygen, hydrogen, water vapor, and nitrogen) is expressed in Pascals (Pa). This represents the molar flow rate of gas X upstream of the cavity element, expressed in moles per second (mol / s). V represents the molar flow rate of gas X downstream of the cavity element, in moles per second (mol / s); V represents the volume of the cavity element, in cubic meters; R is the universal gas constant; T represents the cavity temperature, in Kelvin (K).

[0056] Based on the principle of energy conservation, the following energy conservation equation for the cavity is determined:

[0057]

[0058] Where dQ / dt represents the change in energy per unit time, with units of joules per second (J / s), and c v This represents the molar specific heat capacity, with units of (J*mol). -1 *K -1 ); This represents the energy flow into the cavity element, measured in joules per second (J / s). It represents the energy flow downstream in the cavity element, and the unit is joules per second (J / s); The energy released per unit time during the liquefaction of water vapor is expressed in joules per second (J / s); N represents the molar amount of gas in the cavity.

[0059] In a fuel cell air system, the heat exchanger element model characterizes the dynamic processes of the gas-liquid heat exchanger, which mainly consists of an air-side module, a coolant-side module, and a heat exchange module. The air-side module has a flow resistance-cavity-flow resistance (RCR) structure; the modeling mechanisms for the flow resistance element model and the cavity element model are described above. The heat exchange module can be modeled using the efficiency-Ntu (efficiency-number of heat transfer units) method. The modeling mechanism of this method is as follows:

[0060] This model uses the efficiency-Ntu (Number of Heat Transfer Units) method to model the heat exchange function of the intercooler. Both the air and coolant sides of the intercooler are modeled using a flow resistance-cavity-flow resistance (RCR) structure. The flow resistance and cavity models utilize corresponding basic components. The heat exchange process of the hot and cold fluids is solved using the efficiency-Ntu method. Actual heat transfer per unit time:

[0061]

[0062] Among them, T hot，in T represents the inlet temperature of the heat flow in the intercooler. cold，in This represents the inlet temperature of the cold stream in the intercooler. All temperatures are in Kelvin (K). ε represents the heat transfer efficiency. (C) min It represents the minimum heat capacity of the hot and cold fluids.

[0063] When the parameter Ntu is unknown, the intercooler heat exchange efficiency ε can be considered as a function of the air and coolant mass flow rates, and the heat exchange efficiency can be obtained through function fitting or two-dimensional lookup table methods. For example, the heat exchange efficiency can be considered as a function of the air and coolant mass flow rates:

[0064]

[0065] in, Indicates air mass flow rate, This indicates the coolant mass flow rate, with the unit being kilograms per second (kg*s). -1 ).

[0066] For the valves in the air system, the kv value method is used to model the combined valve model; the area method is used to model the back pressure valve, based on the known nozzle cross-sectional area A and flow coefficient C. d Calculate flow rate:

[0067]

[0068] The unit of nozzle cross-sectional area A is square meters (m²). 2 ); C d C is a dimensionless flow coefficient. d The value is determined based on experimental data calibration according to the flow-resistance characteristics; C m p is a function of critical pressure ratio, adiabatic index, and gas constant. up p represents the inlet pressure. down This indicates export pressure, measured in bar.

[0069] In fuel cell air systems, the rotating element model characterizes the dynamic process of a centrifugal air compressor. For dynamic modeling of the centrifugal air compressor, a scheme can be adopted that couples the impeller and drive shaft rotational dynamics using a speed-flow-pressure ratio diagram (MAP). For the variable load dynamics of the air compressor, a first-order inertial element is introduced to simulate the controller's filtering effect; the rotational dynamics equations describe the start-up phase and the phase approaching the set speed; and the speed change slope simulates the air compressor's speed loading slope.

[0070] The basic modeling mechanism of the rotating element model is as follows:

[0071] Among them, the environmental adaptability of the performance map is calculated by applying the Mach number similarity principle.

[0072]

[0073] in, This refers to the mass flow rate of the air compressor. The mass flow rate is given at 101 kPa - 25℃, and the unit is kilograms per second (kg*s). -1 T0 is the temperature of the air compressor inlet gas, in Kelvin (K); p0 is the pressure of the air compressor inlet gas, in Pascal (Pa); n is the air compressor speed; n0 is the air compressor speed at 101 kPa - 25℃, in revolutions per minute (rpm).

[0074] The outlet gas temperature of the air compressor is calculated from the adiabatic compression thermodynamic process:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, T cp，out T0 is the temperature of the mixed gas at the air compressor outlet, and T0 is the temperature of the gas at the air compressor inlet. ΔT cp The temperature rise is due to the compression of gas inside the air compressor, and the unit is Kelvin (K). η cp p represents the air compressor efficiency. cp，in p represents the inlet pressure of the air compressor. cp，out The pressure at the air compressor outlet is expressed in Pascals (Pa). γ represents the specific heat ratio of the gas mixture.

[0077] The rotational dynamics of the impeller and drive shaft are described by the relationship between moment of inertia, angular acceleration, and resultant torque:

[0078]

[0079] Among them, M cp The moment of inertia of the impeller, ω cp τ represents the angular acceleration of the impeller. cm τ represents the driving torque. cp This represents the damping torque.

[0080] During the change of air compressor speed, there is additional power consumption due to the rotational inertia of the air compressor and motor. Therefore, the dynamic characteristics of the air compressor's power consumption can be calculated by the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] Among them, P cp This indicates the actual dynamic power consumed by the air compressor, measured in watts (W). p，mix : Molar specific heat capacity of a gas mixture at constant pressure, expressed in J*mol⁻¹*K⁻¹. T cp，in η represents the inlet gas temperature of the air compressor, expressed in Kelvin (K). cp For air compressor efficiency; p cp，in p is the inlet pressure of the air compressor. cp，out The values ​​represent the air compressor outlet pressure, all in Pascals (Pa). This represents the dynamic mass flow rate exiting the air compressor from upstream, measured in kilograms per second (kg / s). cp This represents the moment of inertia of the motor and air compressor. cp This indicates the angular velocity of the air compressor, measured in radians per second (rad / s).

[0083] A single-cell element model, in which complex physicochemical processes occur, perpendicular to and pointing towards the proton exchange membrane, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the air side of a single cell. As can be seen, the air side of the single cell consists of, in sequence, a cathode plate (where multi-component gas flows), an air gas diffusion layer, a porous layer, and a catalyst layer (where multi-component gas diffusion and electrochemical reactions occur), a proton exchange membrane for transmembrane medium transport (water transport and nitrogen transport), and the heat transfer process includes heat generation by the single cell, heat exchange with the coolant, and heat exchange with the ambient gas.

[0084] Single-cell modeling mainly includes physical and chemical processes such as channel flow, diffusion in porous media layers, transmembrane transport of nitrogen and membrane water, electrochemical and thermal equilibrium. The modeling of the anode and cathode channels utilizes flow resistance element models and cavity element models; the modeling principles for other physical and chemical processes are as follows.

[0085] Cathode porous media diffusion mechanism:

[0086] The gas diffusion layer modeling includes a catalytic layer, therefore the material changes caused by electrochemical reactions also need to be considered. Thus, the gas diffusion layer modeling should consider the diffusion processes of air and water, and also require the addition of source terms to simulate electrochemical reactions. For water transport, electroosmosis also needs to be considered, as shown in the following equation:

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] in, This represents the oxygen concentration in the cathode diffusion layer, expressed in mol × m³. -3 V cgdl The volume of the cathode diffusion layer is in cubic meters. A represents the oxygen diffusion coefficient of the cathode diffusion layer, expressed in square meters per second (m² / s); fc The activated area is measured in square meters; n fc This refers to the number of individual fuel cell stack plates. This represents the oxygen concentration at the cathode, in mol × m³. -3 ; This represents the oxygen concentration in the cathode diffusion layer, expressed in mol × m³. -3 ;δ cgdl I represents the thickness of the cathode diffusion layer, in meters. st is the current in the fuel cell stack, measured in amperes (A); F is the Faraday constant. This represents the water vapor concentration in the cathode diffusion layer, in mol × m³. -3 ; This refers to the concentration of water in the cathode channel, in mol × m³. -3 ; This represents the water concentration in the cathode gas diffusion layer, in mol × m³. -3 ; The water vapor diffusion coefficient of the cathode diffusion layer is expressed in square meters per second (m² / s). n is the molar flow rate of water from the proton exchange membrane to the cathode gas diffusion layer, expressed in moles per second (mol / s). ele This represents the electric drag coefficient.

[0090] Proton exchange membrane water transport:

[0091] Due to the concentration difference between the anode and cathode, water diffusion and transport occur within the membrane. Since the electrochemical reaction requires protons to carry a certain amount of water, there is a water flow rate from the anode to the cathode. Combining these two flow rates, the water mass conservation equation can be obtained:

[0092]

[0093] Where, λ mem The water content in the membrane; This refers to the molar concentration of sulfonic acid groups in the proton exchange membrane, expressed in mol × m. -3 V mem D represents the volume of the proton exchange membrane, in cubic meters. λ The diffusion coefficient of water within the membrane is expressed in square meters per second (m²). 2 / s); A fc The activated area is measured in square meters; n fc λ represents the number of battery cells. agdl λ represents the thickness of the anode diffusion layer, in meters. cgdl The thickness of the anode diffusion layer is expressed in meters.

[0094] Nitrogen transmembrane transport:

[0095] Because of the nitrogen concentration difference between the cathode and anode, nitrogen gas permeates from the cathode to the anode through the proton exchange membrane. The molar flow rate of nitrogen gas permeating from the cathode to the anode is expressed as:

[0096]

[0097] Among them, A fc The activated area is measured in square meters; δ mem The thickness of the proton exchange membrane is expressed in meters. This represents the partial pressure of nitrogen on the cathode side. The values ​​represent the partial pressure of nitrogen on the anode side, all in Pascals (Pa). Permeability coefficient (mol×s) -1 ×Pa -1 ×m -1 ), which is a function of water content.

[0098] Single-chip voltage V cell (V) is the Nernst voltage minus the polarization terms:

[0099]

[0100] Among them, T st The temperature of the fuel cell stack is expressed in Kelvin (K). The water activity of the catalyst layer; The oxygen activity of the catalyst layer; T is the hydrogen activity of the catalyst layer; F is the Faraday constant; T is the hydrogen activity of the catalyst layer. st α is the stack temperature, in Kelvin (K); α is the polarization coefficient; i is the current density, in amperes per square meter (A / m²); i 0 For reference current density, amperes per square meter (A / m2); For reference oxygen concentration, the unit is mol × m. -3 ; Oxygen concentration in the catalyst layer, in mol × m -3 ; i is the current density, in amperes per square meter (A / m2); ASR is the surface resistance, in ohms per square meter (Ω / m).

[0101] The fuel cell stack transfers heat to the outside through thermal convection and thermal conduction. Its heat balance equation is:

[0102]

[0103] Among them, T st M is the temperature of the fuel cell stack, measured in Kelvin (K); st The mass of the fuel cell stack is expressed in kilograms (kg); c pst This refers to the heat capacity of the fuel cell stack, measured in J*kg. -1 *K -1 ;I st n represents the current in the fuel cell stack, measured in amperes (A). fc V represents the number of battery cells. cell This refers to the voltage of a single chip, measured in volts (V); k st_col The convective heat transfer coefficient between the fuel cell stack and the coolant is expressed in W×m. -2 ×K -1 ;k st_amb The convective heat dissipation coefficient between the fuel cell stack and the environment, expressed in W×m. -2 ×K -1 ;T amb The ambient temperature is expressed in Kelvin (K); T st_col This refers to the temperature of the coolant inside the fuel cell stack, measured in Kelvin (K).

[0104] Based on the fundamental component model constructed above, this application provides a method for simulating a fuel cell air system. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 Here is a flowchart of the method, which may include the following steps.

[0105] S201, obtain the physical quantity transfer relationship between multiple components of the fuel cell air system.

[0106] In this embodiment, the fuel cell air system mainly consists of the following components:

[0107] Air filters, air compressors, intercoolers, combination valves, piping, fuel cell stacks, back pressure valves, and tailpipes.

[0108] In step S201, based on the architectural principles of the fuel cell system, a top-level design of the system model architecture can be performed, comprehensively outlining the physicochemical issues and corresponding mathematical models involved in the various auxiliary components of the air path and the fuel cell stack. The input and output physical quantities of each component's mathematical model are clarified, and the physical quantity transfer relationships between multiple components are obtained.

[0109] S202, based on the physical quantity transfer relationship, determine the data transfer relationship between the basic component models corresponding to multiple components, and obtain the simulation model of the fuel cell air system.

[0110] The correspondence between the above components and the aforementioned basic element models is as follows:

[0111] The air filter corresponds to a flow resistance element model; the air compressor corresponds to a rotating element model; the air-side and coolant-side modules of the intercooler are represented by a combination of three basic element models: flow resistance-cavity-flow resistance, and the heat exchange module of the intercooler is represented by a heat exchange element model. In other words, the basic element model corresponding to the intercooler is a combination of multiple basic element models: flow resistance-cavity-flow resistance, heat exchange, and flow resistance-cavity-flow resistance.

[0112] The combined valve and back pressure valve correspond to the flow resistance element model; the pipeline and tailpipe correspond to the cavity element model; the fuel cell stack corresponds to the single cell element model.

[0113] Before executing S202, you can establish the basic component models corresponding to each component according to the explanation of the modeling mechanism of various basic component models in the previous text, so that they can be called when building the simulation model in S202.

[0114] The data transfer relationship determined in step S202 can be found in [reference]. Figure 3 .

[0115] Optionally, before calibrating the simulation model using test data, the following steps can also be performed:

[0116] Verify that the data transmission relationships are correct.

[0117] If the inspection finds that the data transfer relationship is incorrect, step S202 can be re-executed to obtain the correct data transfer relationship. If the inspection finds that the data transfer relationship is correct, then step S203 is executed.

[0118] The verification method can be: check the correctness of the data transmission relationship based on the physical quantity transmission relationship determined by the top-level design.

[0119] Based on the established data transmission relationships, the basic component models corresponding to each part can be arranged according to... Figure 4 The components are connected in a manner that constitutes a simulation model of a fuel cell air system based on the Simulink platform. From left to right in the figure, the models are: air filter, air compressor, intercooler, combined valve, piping, fuel cell stack, back pressure valve, and tailpipe. This model incorporates multi-physics variables related to flow, heat, mass, electricity, and force. The air compressor reflects the dynamic characteristics of mechanical rotation, the intercooler reflects the dynamic characteristics of heat exchange between hot and cold fluids, the piping and valves reflect the dynamic characteristics of flow, and the fuel cell stack reflects the dynamic characteristics of heat and mass transfer and electrochemical processes.

[0120] S203 uses test data to calibrate the simulation model.

[0121] Optionally, test data may include the fuel cell air system's air inlet parameters and the stack output voltage. Air inlet parameters include air inlet pressure, air inlet flow rate, and air inlet temperature.

[0122] The specific execution process of step S203 may include:

[0123] Input the current density, air compressor speed, combined valve opening and back pressure valve opening data into the simulation model to obtain the air feed parameters and stack output voltage of the simulation model.

[0124] The air inlet parameters include air inlet pressure, air inlet flow rate, and air inlet temperature.

[0125] The air feed parameters and stack output voltage output by the simulation model are compared with the corresponding test data, and the simulation model is calibrated based on the comparison results.

[0126] Specifically, after inputting the current density, air compressor speed, combined valve opening degree, and back pressure valve opening degree data into the simulation model, the simulation model can calculate the input data to obtain the air feed parameters and stack output voltage of the simulation model.

[0127] Then, the simulation data (i.e., the air feed parameters and stack output voltage output by the simulation model) are compared with the corresponding test data. Based on the difference between the two, the adjustable parameters of the simulation model are reasonably adjusted to achieve the required simulation accuracy.

[0128] The aforementioned "corresponding test data" refers to the actual air feed parameters and stack output voltage of the fuel cell air system measured when the fuel cell air system is running according to the data input to the simulation model.

[0129] Calibration allows the output voltage of the calibrated simulation model to be as close as possible to the actual output voltage of the fuel cell system under the same input.

[0130] S204 performs hardware-in-the-loop testing based on the calibrated simulation model to obtain simulation data.

[0131] Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing uses a real-time processor to run a simulation model to simulate the operating state of a controlled object. It connects to the processor under test through I / O interfaces to perform comprehensive and systematic testing of the processor under test.

[0132] For specific hardware-in-the-loop testing methods, please refer to relevant literature, which will not be elaborated here.

[0133] By performing hardware-in-the-loop testing on the calibrated simulation model, the dynamic process of the fuel cell system under actual software control conditions can be simulated, and simulation data of the process can be obtained.

[0134] Optional, also includes:

[0135] The accuracy of the calibrated simulation model is evaluated by comparing the simulation data with the pre-collected experimental data.

[0136] Please see Figure 5 The figure shows a comparison between simulation data and experimental data. As can be seen from the figure, the simulation model of the fuel cell air system constructed in the above manner can obtain simulation data that is basically consistent with the experimental data, and has high accuracy.

[0137] This application provides a method for simulating a fuel cell air system. The method includes: obtaining the physical quantity transfer relationships between multiple components of the fuel cell air system; determining the data transfer relationships between the basic component models corresponding to the multiple components based on the physical quantity transfer relationships, thereby obtaining a simulation model of the fuel cell air system; the basic component models characterizing the dynamic processes of the corresponding components; calibrating the simulation model using test data; and performing hardware-in-the-loop testing based on the calibrated simulation model to obtain simulation data. This application addresses the problem that existing simulation schemes based on polarization curves cannot describe dynamic processes. It constructs a simulation model using basic component models characterizing the dynamic processes of each component in the fuel cell air system, and uses the simulation model to perform hardware-in-the-loop testing of the fuel cell air system, thereby obtaining simulation data that reflects the dynamic processes and achieving a more accurate simulation of the fuel cell system.

[0138] This application addresses the problems of current system models not comprehensively considering physical fields, requiring a large amount of basic external characteristic data, and having low model operating condition coverage. It proposes a mathematical modeling method based on multi-physics coupling of "fluid-thermal-mass-electrical-mechanical fields," which improves the operating condition coverage of the system model by mathematically describing various physical fields and their coupling relationships. Furthermore, this application addresses the problem of poor dynamic characteristic prediction capability in current modeling methods based on component external characteristic curves. It proposes a dynamic modeling method based on problems such as "flow response, thermal response, mass transfer response, and mechanical response," which accurately characterizes the changes of each physical quantity over time through mathematical descriptions of various dynamic processes. This enables high-precision prediction of the system's output characteristics and the dynamic characteristics of auxiliary components' working boundaries under complex power variations, accurately supporting HIL testing and software development.

[0139] According to the method for simulating a fuel cell air system provided in the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application also provide an apparatus for simulating a fuel cell air system. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 The device may include the following units.

[0140] Unit 601 is used to obtain the physical quantity transfer relationships between multiple components of the fuel cell air system;

[0141] Unit 602 is used to determine the data transfer relationship between the basic component models corresponding to multiple components based on the physical quantity transfer relationship, so as to obtain the simulation model of the fuel cell air system.

[0142] The calibration unit 603 is used to calibrate the simulation model using test data;

[0143] Test unit 604 is used to perform hardware-in-the-loop testing based on the calibrated simulation model to obtain simulation data.

[0144] Optionally, the test data may include the air feed parameters of the fuel cell air system and the stack output voltage;

[0145] When calibrating the simulation model using test data, calibration unit 603 is specifically used for:

[0146] Input the current density, air compressor speed, combined valve opening and back pressure valve opening data into the simulation model to obtain the air inlet parameters and stack output voltage of the simulation model; among them, the air inlet parameters include air inlet pressure, air inlet flow rate and air inlet temperature;

[0147] The air feed parameters and stack output voltage output by the simulation model are compared with the corresponding test data, and the simulation model is calibrated based on the comparison results.

[0148] Optionally, the device may also include:

[0149] The verification unit 605 is used to verify whether the data transmission relationship is correct.

[0150] Optional, also includes:

[0151] Evaluation unit 606 is used to evaluate the accuracy of the calibrated simulation model by comparing simulation data with pre-collected experimental data.

[0152] The specific working principle of the fuel cell air system simulation device provided in this embodiment can be found in the relevant steps of the fuel cell air system simulation method provided in any embodiment of this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0153] This application provides an apparatus for simulating a fuel cell air system. The apparatus includes: an acquisition unit 601 for acquiring the physical quantity transfer relationships between multiple components of the fuel cell air system; a determination unit 602 for determining the data transfer relationships between the basic component models corresponding to the multiple components based on the physical quantity transfer relationships, thereby obtaining a simulation model of the fuel cell air system; the basic component models characterizing the dynamic processes of the corresponding components; a calibration unit 603 for calibrating the simulation model using test data; and a testing unit 604 for performing hardware-in-the-loop testing based on the calibrated simulation model to obtain simulation data. This application addresses the problem that existing simulation schemes based on polarization curves cannot describe dynamic processes. It constructs a simulation model using basic component models characterizing the dynamic processes of each component in the fuel cell air system, and uses the simulation model to perform hardware-in-the-loop testing of the fuel cell air system, thereby obtaining simulation data that reflects the dynamic processes and achieving a more accurate simulation of the fuel cell system.

[0154] This application also provides a computer storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed, is specifically used to implement the fuel cell air system simulation method provided in any embodiment of this application.

[0155] This application also provides an electronic device; please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 This includes a memory 701 and a processor 702;

[0156] Memory 701 is used to store computer programs;

[0157] The processor 702 is used to execute computer programs, specifically to implement the method for simulating a fuel cell air system provided in any embodiment of this application.

[0158] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0159] It should be noted that the concepts of "first" and "second" mentioned in this invention are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules or units or their interdependencies.

[0160] Those skilled in the art will be able to implement or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for simulating a fuel cell air system, characterized in that, include: To obtain the physical quantity transfer relationships between multiple components of a fuel cell air system; The multiple components include: an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a combination valve, piping, a fuel cell stack, a back pressure valve, and a tailpipe; the air filter, the air compressor, the intercooler, the combination valve, the piping, the fuel cell stack, the back pressure valve, and the tailpipe are connected in sequence; Based on the physical quantity transfer relationships, the data transfer relationships between the basic component models corresponding to the multiple components are determined, resulting in a simulation model of the fuel cell air system. The simulation model includes: modeling the back pressure valve using the area method, and using the known nozzle cross-sectional area A and dimensionless flow coefficient C. d Calculate flow rate: Wherein, the unit of nozzle cross-sectional area A is square meters; C d The value is determined based on experimental data calibration according to the flow-resistance characteristics; C m P is a function of critical pressure ratio, adiabatic index, and gas constant; up The back pressure valve inlet pressure is represented in bar; the environmental adaptability of the rotating element model performance diagram is calculated using the Mach number similarity principle. , ;in, This refers to the mass flow rate of the air compressor. The mass flow rate is 101 kPa − 25℃, in kilograms per second; T0 is the temperature of the air compressor inlet gas, in Kelvin; P0 is the pressure of the air compressor inlet gas, in Pascals; n is the air compressor speed, n0 is the air compressor speed at 101 kPa − 25℃, in revolutions per minute; the single-cell voltage V in the single-cell element model. cell Subtract the polarizations from the Nernst voltage: Among them, T st This refers to the fuel cell stack temperature, measured in Kelvin. The oxygen activity of the catalyst layer; The hydrogen activity in the catalyst layer is given by F; F is the Faraday constant. is the polarization coefficient; i is the current density, i 0 Reference current density, in amperes; For reference oxygen concentration, Oxygen concentration in the catalyst layer, in mol × m −3 ASR stands for surface resistivity, measured in ohms per square meter. The current density, air compressor speed, combined valve opening, and back pressure valve opening data are input into the simulation model to obtain the air inlet parameters and stack output voltage output by the simulation model. The air inlet parameters include air inlet pressure, air inlet flow rate, and air inlet temperature. The air inlet parameters and stack output voltage output by the simulation model are compared with corresponding test data, and the simulation model is calibrated based on the comparison results. The test data includes the air inlet parameters and stack output voltage of the fuel cell air system. Hardware-in-the-loop testing was performed based on the calibrated simulation model to obtain simulation data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before calibrating the simulation model using test data, the following steps are also included: Verify that the data transmission relationship is correct.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The accuracy of the calibrated simulation model is evaluated by comparing the simulation data with the pre-collected experimental data.

4. A device for simulating a fuel cell air system, characterized in that, include: The acquisition unit is used to obtain the physical quantity transfer relationships between multiple components of the fuel cell air system; The multiple components include: an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a combination valve, piping, a fuel cell stack, a back pressure valve, and a tailpipe; the air filter, the air compressor, the intercooler, the combination valve, the piping, the fuel cell stack, the back pressure valve, and the tailpipe are connected in sequence; The determining unit is used to determine the data transfer relationship between the basic component models corresponding to the multiple components based on the physical quantity transfer relationship, thereby obtaining a simulation model of the fuel cell air system; the simulation model includes: modeling the back pressure valve using the area method, based on the known nozzle cross-sectional area A and dimensionless flow coefficient C. d Calculate flow rate: Wherein, the unit of nozzle cross-sectional area A is square meters; C d The value is determined based on experimental data calibration according to the flow-resistance characteristics; C m P is a function of critical pressure ratio, adiabatic index, and gas constant; up The back pressure valve inlet pressure is represented in bar; the environmental adaptability of the rotating element model performance diagram is calculated using the Mach number similarity principle. , ;in, This refers to the mass flow rate of the air compressor. The mass flow rate is 101 kPa − 25℃, in kilograms per second; T0 is the temperature of the air compressor inlet gas, in Kelvin; P0 is the pressure of the air compressor inlet gas, in Pascals; n is the air compressor speed, n0 is the air compressor speed at 101 kPa − 25℃, in revolutions per minute; the single-cell voltage V in the single-cell element model. cell Subtract the polarizations from the Nernst voltage: Among them, T st This refers to the fuel cell stack temperature, measured in Kelvin. The oxygen activity of the catalyst layer; The hydrogen activity in the catalyst layer is given by F; F is the Faraday constant. is the polarization coefficient; i is the current density, i 0 Reference current density, in amperes; For reference oxygen concentration, Oxygen concentration in the catalyst layer, in mol × m −3 ASR stands for surface resistivity, measured in ohms per square meter. The calibration unit is used to input current density, air compressor speed, combined valve opening degree, and back pressure valve opening degree data into the simulation model to obtain the air inlet parameters and fuel cell stack output voltage output by the simulation model; wherein, the air inlet parameters include air inlet pressure, air inlet flow rate, and air inlet temperature; the air inlet parameters and fuel cell stack output voltage output by the simulation model are compared with the corresponding test data, and the simulation model is calibrated according to the comparison results; the test data includes the air inlet parameters and fuel cell stack output voltage of the fuel cell air system; The test unit is used to perform hardware-in-the-loop testing based on the calibrated simulation model to obtain simulation data.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: The verification unit is used to verify whether the data transmission relationship is correct.

6. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: An evaluation unit is used to evaluate the accuracy of the calibrated simulation model by comparing the simulation data with pre-collected experimental data.

7. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, Used to store a computer program, which, when executed, is specifically used to implement the method for simulating a fuel cell air system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including memory and processor; The memory is used to store computer programs; The processor is used to execute the computer program, specifically to implement the method for simulating a fuel cell air system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

Images