A feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows

Abstract

The present invention discloses a feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows, comprising the following steps: S1 timely mating work; S2 practically strengthening late pregnancy management and fetal protection measures; S3 appropriate induction, doing a good job of delivery and farrowing; S4 disease prevention and care to ensure the health of mothers and piglets during lactation; S5 adjusting the body condition during weaning to improve reproductive efficiency. The present invention implements feeding and management of sows from mating, pregnancy, farrowing, lactation, weaning, and empty-stomach stages, which is scientific, reasonable, healthy and efficient, and achieves high-yield reproduction of sows; the sow nutritional pig feed of the present invention combines the growth and development characteristics of sows and the nutritional requirements of the three key stages of reserve, pregnancy, and lactation, and can meet the nutritional requirements of different stages in the reproduction process of sows to the greatest extent, with balanced and comprehensive nutrition, ensuring the nutritional needs of sows and piglets for nutrition, health and production performance, significantly improving the immunity of sows, improving absorption and utilization rate, and then promoting the reproductive performance and productivity level of sows, and greatly improving the breeding benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry, and in particular to a feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows. Background Art

[0002] In the past 30 years, pig genetic breeding has made great progress. The production level of sows on a pig farm directly determines the breeding efficiency of the pig farm. The nutritional and physiological status of sows will directly affect the growth and health of the fetus and newborn piglets.

[0003] However, modern breeding methods have caused sows to be in a state of stress for a long time, and the incidence of reproductive endocrine disorders and reproductive organ diseases has shown an upward trend, which has aggravated the reproductive disorders of sows. Some are prone to miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, low survival rate, etc. Some are prone to induce pig respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and various skin diseases. Some have long-term estrus, false estrus or abnormal estrus, low conception rate or inability to conceive, low breeding and farrowing rate of pregnant sows, small number of live piglets, low healthy piglet rate, low lactation ability of lactating sows, low milk or physiological agalactia, etc., which affects the survival rate and weaning weight of lactating piglets. In addition, too early breeding time, substandard weight, too single nutrition strategy, and poor sow management will cause sow fertility to decline, low annual productivity, low lifetime reproductive efficiency or premature elimination, which has become a bottleneck restricting the production and development of pig farming. Diseases such as reproductive disorders cause sows to be non-productive for a long time, which reduces the overall reproductive performance of the pig herd, seriously affects the economic benefits of large-scale pig farms, and causes serious waste of resources.

[0004] The main goal of sow feeding and management is to ensure that sows can maximize their production performance, produce more healthy piglets, and obtain a higher survival rate and weaning weight at birth, thereby laying a solid foundation for the production of commercial pigs with heavy weaning weight and fast growth rate. During the sow breeding process, the sow goes through the production cycle of mating-pregnancy-farrowing-lactation-weaning-emptying. The feeding management and technical measures at each stage are the key to high-yield sow reproduction. In order to achieve high-yield and high-efficiency sows, improve the survival rate and weaning weight of piglets, and the continuous production capacity of sows, it is particularly important to strengthen the feeding and management of high-yield sows.

[0005] CN105794718A discloses a feeding and management method for improving the reproductive performance of sows, which is specifically as follows: placing pregnant sows in a pig house with a fermentation bed behind the limiting fence, placing lactating sows in the delivery bed, and adding 2%-5% broccoli stem and leaf powder and 2%-5% silage broccoli stem and leaf powder by weight to the basic feed of the sows from 49 days of pregnancy to postpartum lactation until weaning. The method is green and safe, with low cost, and adopts the management technology of the fermentation bed after the pregnant sow, raising breeding sows, reducing the odor and mosquitoes and flies in the pig house, and can significantly improve the sow's litter size, live piglets, weaning number and weaning litter weight, which is a good feeding method for improving the reproductive performance of sows. However, the invention has the problem that the lactating sow feed used lacks nutrients, which easily causes the problems of low reproductive efficiency and high morbidity of sows. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a feeding and management measure for sows from the stages of breeding, pregnancy, farrowing, lactation, weaning and emptying, which can significantly improve the immunity of sows and meet the nutritional needs of sows at different stages of the reproductive process to the greatest extent, thereby promoting the reproductive performance and productivity level of sows and greatly improving the breeding efficiency.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1Do breeding work in a timely manner;

[0010] S2 Effectively strengthen the management of late pregnancy and measures to preserve pregnancy;

[0011] S3: Appropriate induction and proper delivery and farrowing;

[0012] S4 disease prevention and care to ensure the health of mothers and babies during lactation;

[0013] S5 adjusts body condition during weaning and improves reproductive efficiency.

[0014] Preferably, the feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1. Carry out mating work in a timely manner: use artificial insemination technology, observe and find the sows returning to estrus in time 18-24 days after mating, so as to preliminarily judge whether the sows are pregnant, and use ultrasound examination to determine whether the sows are pregnant at 36-45 days; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 1.5-2kg / head / day;

[0016] S2 Effectively strengthen the management of late pregnancy and measures to protect the fetus: the temperature of the pig house is maintained at 15-25℃, the relative humidity is 60%-80%, and the pen is kept clean and sanitary. During this period, the sows are fed 3-3.5kg / head / day of nutritious pig feed;

[0017] S3 Proper induction, and preparation for farrowing: 5-10 days before farrowing, clean the farrowing pen and spray with 10%-20wt% fresh lime water for disinfection, and disinfect the abdomen, udder and genitals of the sow with 2%-5wt% Lysol solution before farrowing; inject the sow with 0.05mg-0.1mg of new high-efficiency veterinary cloprostenol at 8-9 am on the day of farrowing; during this period, the sow is fed 2-3kg / head / day of nutritious pig feed;

[0018] S4 Disease prevention and care to ensure the health of mothers and piglets during lactation: When farrowing is over or afterbirth begins, inject 1-2 vials of 1.2 million international units of long-acting penicillin, 10mL-15mL of antonidine, 5-10mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and 20-40 units of oxytocin for every 50-100kg of body weight intramuscularly; if the sow is anorexic or has poor appetite within 3-4 days after farrowing and has no lochia discharge, use 5-10mL of compound VB injection and 5-10mL of bisacolin injection, mix and inject intramuscularly 2-3 times a day for 2-3 consecutive days; if there is still lochia within 3-4 days after farrowing, flush the uterus with 1-5wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and inject 1-2 vials of 1.2 million international units of penicillin after the flushing fluid is discharged; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 4-5kg / head / day;

[0019] S5 Adjust the body condition during weaning and improve reproductive efficiency: 1-2 days before weaning, the sow's nutritional pig feed is reduced to 1-1.5kg / head / day, and no feed is given on the weaning day. For sows with good milk collection, the feed amount is increased to 3-5kg / head / day; for sows with poor milk collection, the feed amount is 0.5-1kg / head / day, and after the milk collection improves, the feed amount is increased to 0.3-0.5kg / head / day to adjust the sow's body condition and promote estrus in weaned sows.

[0020] Preferably, the sow nutritional pig feed includes the following components: first-grade corn, fermented Chinese herbal medicine, soybean meal, puffed soybeans, imported fish meal, brown sugar, montmorillonite, salt, DL-methionine, sodium selenite, complex vitamins, bran, and inulin.

[0021] Preferably, the sow nutritional pig feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of first-grade corn, 0.5-2 parts of fermented Chinese herbal medicine, 15-20 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of puffed soybeans, 1-3 parts of imported fish meal, 0.5-1 parts of brown sugar, 0.5-1 parts of montmorillonite, 0.1-0.5 parts of table salt, 1-5 parts of DL-methionine, 0.5-1 parts of sodium selenite, 1-5 parts of complex vitamins, 6-10 parts of bran, and 0.5-1 parts of inulin.

[0022] Preferably, the fermented Chinese herbal medicine includes the following components: motherwort, chuanxiong, wolfberry, atractylodes, codonopsis, and astragalus.

[0023] Further preferably, the preparation method of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine is as follows: in parts by weight,

[0024] 1) Weigh 10-15 parts of Leonurus japonicus, 10-15 parts of Chuanxiong, 10-15 parts of Lycium barbarum, 10-15 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 10-15 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, and 10-15 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, grind them separately, sieve them, and mix them evenly to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder;

[0025] 2) mixing the Chinese herbal medicine powder obtained in step 1) with 100-200 parts of water and heating at 80-100° C. for 2-3 hours; cooling to room temperature and filtering to separate the filtrate I and the filter residue;

[0026] 3) adding 100-200 parts of water to the filter residue obtained in step 2) and soaking the mixture to obtain a mixed solution, adding 1-3 parts of fermentation bacteria and 10-20 parts of white sugar, sealing and fermenting at room temperature for 3-5 days, sterilizing at 80-100° C. for 5-10 minutes after fermentation, filtering to remove the residue, and collecting filtrate II;

[0027] 4) Mixing the filtrate I and the filtrate II, removing the solvent by evaporation under reduced pressure, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine.

[0028] Preferably, in step 3), the fermentation bacteria is a mixture of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 2-3:1.

[0029] Preferably, the montmorillonite is modified montmorillonite, and its preparation method is as follows:

[0030] (1) Dissolve 3-5 g of chitosan in 100-200 mL of 1-5 wt% acetic acid aqueous solution, and stir at 50-80° C. for 6-8 h to obtain a chitosan solution; dissolve 2-3 g of sodium alginate in 50-100 mL of water, and stir at 80-100° C. for 10-12 h to obtain a sodium alginate aqueous solution; then add 2-6 g of the sodium alginate aqueous solution to 15-20 g of the chitosan solution, and stir at 50-80° C. for 10-20 min to obtain a mixed solution; and oscillate the mixed solution in an ultrasonic oscillator at 50-80 Hz. 10-15min to remove bubbles; then drip the mixed solution into 400-800mL of 0.5-1mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution using a syringe pump microneedle with an inner diameter of 400-600um, and then stir at a stirring speed of 100-200rpm for 1-2h; filter to obtain chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres; wash the chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres with water until the filtrate is neutral, and then freeze-dry at -25 to -15°C for 10-12h for use;

[0031] (2) Add 4-5 g of chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres to 100-200 mL of ethyl acetate, add 2-3 g of montmorillonite, and ultrasonically treat at 20-30° C. for 20-30 min; add 1-3 g of glutaraldehyde, heat to 80-100° C., react for 2-4 h, cool to room temperature, filter, collect the filter cake, wash the filter cake with water 2-3 times, and then dry it at 60-80° C. for 6-8 h to obtain modified montmorillonite.

[0032] The sow nutrition pig feed used in the present invention is rich in nutrition, rich in various amino acids, vitamins, proteins, calcium, phosphorus and other elements, combined with the growth and development characteristics of sows and the key three-stage nutritional requirements of reserve, pregnancy and lactation, can meet the nutritional needs of sows and piglets nutrition, health and production performance to the greatest extent, balanced and comprehensive nutrition, easy to digest, strong palatability, improve absorption and utilization rate, sodium selenite has a preventive effect on improving piglet immunity and diarrhea, fermented Chinese herbal medicine can replace antibiotics in pig feed, increase sow feed intake, and improve sow immunity. The sow nutrition pig feed can ensure the nutritional reserve of sows during lactation, can enhance the development and secretion of sow mammary glands during lactation, improve milk production and milk fat level, thereby increasing the number of live piglets per litter and the birth weight of piglets, and improving the quality of milk, improving the health of piglets in the delivery room, thereby improving the survival rate and weaning weight of piglets, improving the anti-stress effect of sows, effectively improving the reproductive performance and productivity level of sows, and greatly improving the breeding benefits.

[0033] Mildew of feed raw materials or improper storage of feed can easily lead to the production of mycotoxins in feed. Mold can cause rapid deterioration of feed fat, reduce protein digestibility, and seriously reduce the levels of lysine and arginine in feed, thereby reducing the nutritional value of feed. Among them, zearalenone in mycotoxins can cause false estrus and vaginal prolapse in sows or functional disorders of the ovaries, which may lead to problems such as no estrus, unclear estrus, no ovulation, infertility and miscarriage in reserve sows when they reach breeding age. Long-term consumption of feed containing mycotoxins by sows may lead to growth stunting, induce diseases such as gastric cancer and intestinal cancer, and easily lead to deformities and decreased immunity.

[0034] The sow nutritional pig feed used in the present invention is added with montmorillonite, which has good ion exchangeability, physical adsorption and large specific surface area, can absorb Escherichia coli and enterotoxin in the sow and mycotoxin in the feed, promote the metabolism of the sow, and improve the feed conversion rate; however, natural montmorillonite has hydrophilic and oleophobic properties, resulting in limited adsorption capacity and poor selectivity for mycotoxin. By cross-linking and modifying the montmorillonite with chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres, sodium alginate can promote the formation of chitosan microspheres, so that the modified montmorillonite can flow better in the feed, and promote better dispersion of the montmorillonite in the feed. It avoids the aggregation of montmorillonite in feed, and compared with chitosan, the porous structure of chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres has stronger adsorption capacity, larger specific surface area and more active sites, which can enhance the adsorption and antibacterial property of montmorillonite on mycotoxins in feed and sow intestines, improve the gastrointestinal environment of sows, reduce the diarrhea rate of sows, increase the litter weight of piglets at weaning, and improve the utilization efficiency of feed, ensure and improve the quality of feed, and secrete enough milk to feed piglets while ensuring the health of sows themselves during lactation, ensure the healthy growth of sows and piglets, and effectively improve the reproductive and high-yield performance of sows.

[0035] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the sow nutritional pig feed, comprising the following steps:

[0036] After weighing the raw materials according to the formula, the first-grade corn, soybean meal, puffed soybeans and bran are dried at 60-80°C for 6-8h and then crushed in an ultrafine grinder to obtain a mixed dry powder; fermented Chinese herbal medicine, imported fish meal, brown sugar, montmorillonite, salt, DL-methionine, sodium selenite, multivitamins and inulin are added to the mixed dry powder, and mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; the mixture is placed in a granulator for granulation at 60-90°C to obtain nutritious pig feed for sows.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention implements feeding and management of sows from the stages of breeding, pregnancy, farrowing, lactation, weaning and emptying, which is scientific, reasonable, healthy and efficient, and achieves high-yield reproduction of sows; the sow nutritional pig feed of the present invention combines the growth and development characteristics of sows and the nutritional requirements of the three key stages of reserve, pregnancy and lactation, and can meet the nutritional requirements of sows at different stages of reproduction to the greatest extent, with balanced and comprehensive nutrition, ensuring the nutritional needs of sows and piglets for nutrition, health and production performance; fermented Chinese herbal medicine is used to increase the feed intake of sows, improve the immunity of sows, enhance the lactation and milk fat level, and thus increase the number of live piglets born in a litter. and piglet birth weight, etc., and can replace the use of antibiotics; and by adding chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres to cross-link modified montmorillonite, the montmorillonite can flow better in the feed, promote better dispersion of montmorillonite in the feed, and avoid the aggregation of montmorillonite in the feed. The porous structure of chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres has stronger adsorption capacity, larger specific surface area and more active sites, which can enhance the adsorption and antibacterial properties of montmorillonite in the sow's intestine, improve the sow's gastrointestinal environment, synergistically improve the sow's immunity, reduce the sow's diarrhea rate, and thus effectively improve the sow's reproductive high-yield performance and productivity level, and greatly improve the breeding efficiency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To avoid redundancy, the items used in the following examples are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified, and the methods used are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0039] The sources of some raw materials used in the present invention are as follows:

[0040] The soybean meal of the present invention has a protein content of 43.5%.

[0041] Montmorillonite, feed grade.

[0042] Chitosan, food grade, deacetylation degree greater than 80%, Qingdao Hivison Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0043] DL-methionine, brand Shengrun, content 99%, Hefei Shengrun Biological Products Co., Ltd.

[0044] Multivitamins, brand Shengqun Bio, Henan Shengqun Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0045] Bran, item number 001, Jinan Yuyi Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0046] Inulin, item number A001, brand Orafti, Zhengzhou Duozi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0047] Motherwort, Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn, originates from Sheqi County, Nanyang, Henan Province.

[0048] Ligusticum chuanxiong hort, produced in Dujiangyan, Sichuan.

[0049] Wolfberry, Lycium chinense Miller, originates from Zhongning County, Ningxia.

[0050] Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, originates from Zhoukou, Henan.

[0051] Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., originates from Dingxi, Gansu.

[0052] Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, originates from Dingxi, Gansu.

[0053] Bifidobacterium bifidum was purchased from China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, No. CICC10395.

[0054] Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. Plantarum was purchased from China Industrial Microorganism Culture Collection Center, No. CICC10345.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows comprises the following steps:

[0057] S1. Carry out mating work in a timely manner: use artificial insemination technology, observe and find the sows returning to estrus in time 20 days after mating, so as to preliminarily judge whether the sows are pregnant, and use ultrasound examination to determine whether the sows are pregnant on the 42nd day; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 1.8kg / head / day;

[0058] S2 Effectively strengthen the management and fetal protection measures in the late pregnancy: the temperature of the pig house is maintained at 20℃, the relative humidity is 70%, and the pen is kept clean and sanitary. During this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 3.2kg / head / day;

[0059] S3 Appropriate induction, do a good job of farrowing: 10 days before farrowing, clean the farrowing pen and spray it with 15wt% fresh lime water for disinfection, and use 3wt% Lysol solution to disinfect the abdomen, udder and genitals of the sow before farrowing; at 8 o'clock in the morning on the day of farrowing, inject 0.08mg of new high-efficiency veterinary cloprostenol to the farrowing sow; during this period, the feeding amount of sow nutritious pig feed is 2.5kg / head / day;

[0060] S4 Disease prevention and care to ensure the health of mothers and piglets during lactation: When farrowing is over or afterbirth begins, inject 2 vials of 1.2 million international units of long-acting penicillin, 15 mL of antonidine, 10 mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and 30 units of oxytocin for every 80 kg of body weight intramuscularly; if the sow is anorexic or has a poor appetite within 4 days after farrowing and has no lochia discharge, use 10 mL of compound VB injection and 10 mL of bisacolin injection, mix and inject intramuscularly twice a day for 3 consecutive days; if there is still lochia within 4 days after farrowing, flush the uterus with 3wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and inject 2 vials of 1.2 million international units of penicillin after the flushing solution is discharged; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 5 kg / head / day;

[0061] S5 adjusts the body condition during weaning and improves reproductive efficiency: 2 days before weaning, the nutritional pig feed for sows is reduced to 1.2kg / head / day, and no feed is given on the weaning day. For sows with good milk collection, the feed amount is increased to 4kg / head / day; for sows with poor milk collection, the feed amount is 0.8kg / head / day, and after the milk collection situation improves, the feed amount is increased to 0.4kg / head / day to adjust the body condition of sows and promote estrus in weaned sows.

[0062] The method for preparing sow nutritional pig feed comprises the following steps:

[0063] 600g of first-grade corn, 200g of soybean meal, 60g of puffed soybeans and 100g of bran are dried at 70°C for 6h and then pulverized in an ultrafine grinder to obtain a mixed dry powder; 20g of fermented Chinese herbal medicine, 30g of imported fish meal, 10g of brown sugar, 10g of montmorillonite, 5g of salt, 50g of DL-methionine, 10g of sodium selenite, 50g of multivitamins and 10g of inulin are added to the mixed dry powder and mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; the mixture is placed in a granulator for granulation at 70°C to obtain a nutritious pig feed for sows.

[0064] The preparation method of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine is as follows:

[0065] 1) Weigh 100g of Leonurus japonicus, 100g of Chuanxiong, 100g of Lycium barbarum, 100g of Atractylodes macrocephala, 100g of Codonopsis pilosula, and 100g of Astragalus membranaceus, grind them separately, sieve through a 40-mesh sieve, and mix them evenly to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder;

[0066] 2) mixing the Chinese herbal medicine powder obtained in step 1) with 1500 g of water and heating at 95° C. for 3 h; cooling to room temperature and filtering to separate the filtrate I and the residue;

[0067] 3) The filter residue obtained in step 2) was mixed and soaked with 1500 g of water to obtain a mixed solution, and a mixture of 20 g of bifidobacterium and 10 g of Lactobacillus plantarum and 150 g of white sugar was added and fermented in a sealed manner at room temperature for 4 days. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was sterilized at 90° C. for 5 min, and then the residue was filtered to remove the residue, and the filtrate II was collected;

[0068] 4) Mix the filtrate I and the filtrate II, evaporate the solvent under reduced pressure, dry at 60° C. for 8 h, and finally grind through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine.

[0069] The montmorillonite is modified montmorillonite, and its preparation method is as follows:

[0070] (1) Dissolve 4.5 g of chitosan in 180 mL of 5 wt% acetic acid aqueous solution, stir at 70° C. for 8 h to obtain a chitosan solution; dissolve 2.5 g of sodium alginate in 100 mL of water, stir at 90° C. for 10 h to obtain a sodium alginate aqueous solution; then add 5.5 g of sodium alginate aqueous solution to 18.8 g of the chitosan solution, stir at 60° C. for 10 min to obtain a mixed solution; place the mixed solution in an 80 Hz ultrasonic oscillator for 10 min to remove bubbles; then drip the mixed solution into 500 mL of 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution using a syringe pump microneedle with an inner diameter of 500 um, and then stir at a stirring speed of 150 rpm for 1 h; filter to obtain chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres; wash the chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres with water until the filtrate is neutral, and then freeze-dry at -15° C. for 12 h for use;

[0071] (2) Add 5 g of chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres to 200 mL of ethyl acetate, add 3 g of montmorillonite, and ultrasonically treat at 30 ° C, 500 W, and 20 kHz for 30 min; add 2.2 g of glutaraldehyde and heat to 90 ° C. After reacting for 3 hours, cool to room temperature, filter, collect the filter cake, wash the filter cake with water three times, and then dry it at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain modified montmorillonite.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] A feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows comprises the following steps:

[0074] S1. Carry out mating work in a timely manner: use artificial insemination technology, observe and find the sows returning to estrus in time 20 days after mating, so as to preliminarily judge whether the sows are pregnant, and use ultrasound examination to determine whether the sows are pregnant on the 42nd day; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 1.8kg / head / day;

[0075] S2 Effectively strengthen the management and fetal protection measures in the late pregnancy: the temperature of the pig house is maintained at 20℃, the relative humidity is 70%, and the pen is kept clean and sanitary. During this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 3.2kg / head / day;

[0076] S3 Appropriate induction, do a good job of farrowing: 10 days before farrowing, clean the farrowing pen and spray it with 15wt% fresh lime water for disinfection, and use 3wt% Lysol solution to disinfect the abdomen, udder and genitals of the sow before farrowing; at 8 o'clock in the morning on the day of farrowing, inject 0.08mg of new high-efficiency veterinary cloprostenol to the farrowing sow; during this period, the feeding amount of sow nutritious pig feed is 2.5kg / head / day;

[0077] S4 Disease prevention and care to ensure the health of mothers and piglets during lactation: When farrowing is over or afterbirth begins, inject 2 vials of 1.2 million international units of long-acting penicillin, 15 mL of antonidine, 10 mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and 30 units of oxytocin for every 80 kg of body weight intramuscularly; if the sow is anorexic or has a poor appetite within 4 days after farrowing and has no lochia discharge, use 10 mL of compound VB injection and 10 mL of bisacolin injection, mix and inject intramuscularly twice a day for 3 consecutive days; if there is still lochia within 4 days after farrowing, flush the uterus with 3wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and inject 2 vials of 1.2 million international units of penicillin after the flushing solution is discharged; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 5 kg / head / day;

[0078] S5 adjusts the body condition during weaning and improves reproductive efficiency: 2 days before weaning, the nutritional pig feed for sows is reduced to 1.2kg / head / day, and no feed is given on the weaning day. For sows with good milk collection, the feed amount is increased to 4kg / head / day; for sows with poor milk collection, the feed amount is 0.8kg / head / day, and after the milk collection situation improves, the feed amount is increased to 0.4kg / head / day to adjust the body condition of sows and promote estrus in weaned sows.

[0079] The method for preparing sow nutritional pig feed comprises the following steps:

[0080] 600g of first-grade corn, 200g of soybean meal, 60g of puffed soybeans and 100g of bran are dried at 70°C for 6h and then pulverized in an ultrafine grinder to obtain a mixed dry powder; 20g of fermented Chinese herbal medicine, 30g of imported fish meal, 10g of brown sugar, 10g of montmorillonite, 5g of salt, 50g of DL-methionine, 10g of sodium selenite, 50g of multivitamins and 10g of inulin are added to the mixed dry powder and mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; the mixture is placed in a granulator for granulation at 70°C to obtain a nutritious pig feed for sows.

[0081] The preparation method of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine is as follows:

[0082] 1) Weigh 100g of Leonurus japonicus, 100g of Chuanxiong, 100g of Lycium barbarum, 100g of Atractylodes macrocephala, 100g of Codonopsis pilosula, and 100g of Astragalus membranaceus, grind them separately, sieve through a 40-mesh sieve, and mix them evenly to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder;

[0083] 2) mixing the Chinese herbal medicine powder obtained in step 1) with 1500 g of water and heating at 95° C. for 3 h; cooling to room temperature and filtering to separate the filtrate I and the residue;

[0084] 3) The filter residue obtained in step 2) was mixed and soaked with 1500 g of water to obtain a mixed solution, and a mixture of 20 g of bifidobacterium and 10 g of Lactobacillus plantarum and 150 g of white sugar was added and fermented in a sealed manner at room temperature for 4 days. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was sterilized at 90° C. for 5 min, and then the residue was filtered to remove the residue, and the filtrate II was collected;

[0085] 4) Mix the filtrate I and the filtrate II, evaporate the solvent under reduced pressure, dry at 60° C. for 8 h, and finally grind through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine.

[0086] The montmorillonite is modified montmorillonite, and its preparation method is as follows:

[0087] (1) Dissolve 4.5 g of chitosan in 180 mL of 5 wt% acetic acid aqueous solution, and stir at 70° C. for 8 h to obtain a chitosan solution; dissolve 2.5 g of sodium alginate in 100 mL of water, and stir at 90° C. for 10 h to obtain a sodium alginate aqueous solution; then add 5.5 g of the sodium alginate aqueous solution to 18.8 g of the chitosan solution, and stir at 60° C. for 10 min to obtain a mixed solution;

[0088] (2) 5 g of the mixed solution was mixed with 200 mL of ethyl acetate, 3 g of montmorillonite was added, and ultrasonic treatment was performed at 30°C, 500 W, and 20 kHz for 30 min; 2.2 g of glutaraldehyde was added and heated to 90°C. After reacting for 3 h, it was cooled to room temperature and filtered to collect the filter cake. The filter cake was washed with water three times and then dried at 80°C for 6 h to obtain modified montmorillonite.

[0089] Comparative Example 2

[0090] A feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows comprises the following steps:

[0091] S1. Carry out mating work in a timely manner: use artificial insemination technology, observe and find the sows returning to estrus in time 20 days after mating, so as to preliminarily judge whether the sows are pregnant, and use ultrasound examination to determine whether the sows are pregnant on the 42nd day; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 1.8kg / head / day;

[0092] S2 Effectively strengthen the management and fetal protection measures in the late pregnancy: the temperature of the pig house is maintained at 20℃, the relative humidity is 70%, and the pen is kept clean and sanitary. During this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 3.2kg / head / day;

[0093] S3 Appropriate induction, do a good job of farrowing: 10 days before farrowing, clean the farrowing pen and spray it with 15wt% fresh lime water for disinfection, and use 3wt% Lysol solution to disinfect the abdomen, udder and genitals of the sow before farrowing; at 8 o'clock in the morning on the day of farrowing, inject 0.08mg of new high-efficiency veterinary cloprostenol to the farrowing sow; during this period, the feeding amount of sow nutritious pig feed is 2.5kg / head / day;

[0094] S4 Disease prevention and care to ensure the health of mothers and piglets during lactation: When farrowing is over or afterbirth begins, inject 2 vials of 1.2 million international units of long-acting penicillin, 15 mL of antonidine, 10 mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and 30 units of oxytocin for every 80 kg of body weight intramuscularly; if the sow is anorexic or has a poor appetite within 4 days after farrowing and has no lochia discharge, use 10 mL of compound VB injection and 10 mL of bisacolin injection, mix and inject intramuscularly twice a day for 3 consecutive days; if there is still lochia within 4 days after farrowing, flush the uterus with 3wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and inject 2 vials of 1.2 million international units of penicillin after the flushing solution is discharged; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 5 kg / head / day;

[0095] S5 adjusts the body condition during weaning and improves reproductive efficiency: 2 days before weaning, the nutritional pig feed for sows is reduced to 1.2kg / head / day, and no feed is given on the weaning day. For sows with good milk collection, the feed amount is increased to 4kg / head / day; for sows with poor milk collection, the feed amount is 0.8kg / head / day, and after the milk collection situation improves, the feed amount is increased to 0.4kg / head / day to adjust the body condition of sows and promote estrus in weaned sows.

[0096] The method for preparing sow nutritional pig feed comprises the following steps:

[0097] 600g of first-grade corn, 200g of soybean meal, 60g of puffed soybeans and 100g of bran are dried at 70°C for 6h and then pulverized in an ultrafine grinder to obtain a mixed dry powder; 20g of fermented Chinese herbal medicine, 30g of imported fish meal, 10g of brown sugar, 10g of montmorillonite, 5g of salt, 50g of DL-methionine, 10g of sodium selenite, 50g of multivitamins and 10g of inulin are added to the mixed dry powder and mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; the mixture is placed in a granulator for granulation at 70°C to obtain a nutritious pig feed for sows.

[0098] The preparation method of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine is as follows:

[0099] 1) Weigh 100g of Leonurus japonicus, 100g of Chuanxiong, 100g of Lycium barbarum, 100g of Atractylodes macrocephala, 100g of Codonopsis pilosula, and 100g of Astragalus membranaceus, grind them separately, sieve through a 40-mesh sieve, and mix them evenly to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder;

[0100] 2) mixing the Chinese herbal medicine powder obtained in step 1) with 1500 g of water and heating at 95° C. for 3 h; cooling to room temperature and filtering to separate the filtrate I and the residue;

[0101] 3) The filter residue obtained in step 2) was mixed and soaked with 1500 g of water to obtain a mixed solution, and a mixture of 20 g of bifidobacterium and 10 g of Lactobacillus plantarum and 150 g of white sugar was added and fermented in a sealed manner at room temperature for 4 days. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was sterilized at 90° C. for 5 min, and then the residue was filtered to remove the residue, and the filtrate II was collected;

[0102] 4) Mix the filtrate I and the filtrate II, evaporate the solvent under reduced pressure, dry at 60° C. for 8 h, and finally grind through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine.

[0103] Comparative Example 3

[0104] A feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows comprises the following steps:

[0105] S1. Carry out mating work in a timely manner: use artificial insemination technology, observe and find the sows returning to estrus in time 20 days after mating, so as to preliminarily judge whether the sows are pregnant, and use ultrasound examination to determine whether the sows are pregnant on the 42nd day; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 1.8kg / head / day;

[0106] S2 Effectively strengthen the management and fetal protection measures in the late pregnancy: the temperature of the pig house is maintained at 20℃, the relative humidity is 70%, and the pen is kept clean and sanitary. During this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 3.2kg / head / day;

[0107] S3 Appropriate induction, do a good job of farrowing: 10 days before farrowing, clean the farrowing pen and spray it with 15wt% fresh lime water for disinfection, and use 3wt% Lysol solution to disinfect the abdomen, udder and genitals of the sow before farrowing; at 8 o'clock in the morning on the day of farrowing, inject 0.08mg of new high-efficiency veterinary cloprostenol to the farrowing sow; during this period, the feeding amount of sow nutritious pig feed is 2.5kg / head / day;

[0108] S4 Disease prevention and care to ensure the health of mothers and piglets during lactation: When farrowing is over or afterbirth begins, inject 2 vials of 1.2 million international units of long-acting penicillin, 15 mL of antonidine, 10 mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and 30 units of oxytocin for every 80 kg of body weight intramuscularly; if the sow is anorexic or has a poor appetite within 4 days after farrowing and has no lochia discharge, use 10 mL of compound VB injection and 10 mL of bisacolin injection, mix and inject intramuscularly twice a day for 3 consecutive days; if there is still lochia within 4 days after farrowing, flush the uterus with 3wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and inject 2 vials of 1.2 million international units of penicillin after the flushing solution is discharged; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 5 kg / head / day;

[0109] S5 adjusts the body condition during weaning and improves reproductive efficiency: 2 days before weaning, the nutritional pig feed for sows is reduced to 1.2kg / head / day, and no feed is given on the weaning day. For sows with good milk collection, the feed amount is increased to 4kg / head / day; for sows with poor milk collection, the feed amount is 0.8kg / head / day, and after the milk collection situation improves, the feed amount is increased to 0.4kg / head / day to adjust the body condition of sows and promote estrus in weaned sows.

[0110] The method for preparing sow nutritional pig feed comprises the following steps:

[0111] 600g of first-grade corn, 200g of soybean meal, 60g of puffed soybeans and 100g of bran are dried at 70°C for 6h and then ground in an ultrafine grinder to obtain a mixed dry powder; 20g of fermented Chinese herbal medicine, 30g of imported fish meal, 10g of brown sugar, 5g of salt, 50g of DL-methionine, 10g of sodium selenite, 50g of multivitamins and 10g of inulin are added to the mixed dry powder and mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; the mixture is placed in a granulator for granulation at 70°C to obtain a nutritious pig feed for sows.

[0112] The preparation method of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine is as follows:

[0113] 1) Weigh 100g of Leonurus japonicus, 100g of Chuanxiong, 100g of Lycium barbarum, 100g of Atractylodes macrocephala, 100g of Codonopsis pilosula, and 100g of Astragalus membranaceus, grind them separately, sieve through a 40-mesh sieve, and mix them evenly to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder;

[0114] 2) mixing the Chinese herbal medicine powder obtained in step 1) with 1500 g of water and heating at 95° C. for 3 h; cooling to room temperature and filtering to separate the filtrate I and the residue;

[0115] 3) The filter residue obtained in step 2) was mixed and soaked with 1500 g of water to obtain a mixed solution, and a mixture of 20 g of bifidobacterium and 10 g of Lactobacillus plantarum and 150 g of white sugar was added and fermented in a sealed manner at room temperature for 4 days. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was sterilized at 90° C. for 5 min, and then the residue was filtered to remove the residue, and the filtrate II was collected;

[0116] 4) Mix the filtrate I and the filtrate II, evaporate the solvent under reduced pressure, dry at 60° C. for 8 h, and finally grind through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine.

[0117] Test Case

[0118] 1. Reproductive performance test: 80 healthy sows with similar body condition were selected and divided into 4 groups, 20 in each group. Group 1 to Group 4 were fed according to the feeding and management methods for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively; the 4 groups of sows were subjected to a 4-month feeding experiment from October 15, 2021 to January 15, 2022; after the start of the experiment, the average number of piglets born per litter, the average number of piglets born alive per litter, the birth weight of piglets, the number of piglets weaned at 21 days of age, and the individual weight of piglets weaned at 21 days of age were recorded, and the average birth weight and litter weight, the average weaning weight at 21 days of age and the average litter weight were calculated respectively, the estrus of the sows within 7d and 10d was observed, the weaning-estrus interval was recorded, the estrus rate was calculated, and the experimental results were averaged.

[0119] 2. Determination of serum hormone levels: fasting was performed at night on the day of weaning. At 8:30 the next day, 2 sows were selected for each replicate and 4 sows were selected for each treatment group. 10 mL of blood was collected from the anterior vena cava and injected into a sodium heparin centrifuge tube. After standing, the serum was collected after centrifugation at 3000 r / min for 15 min. The samples were stored at -20°C. The levels of estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) in serum were determined. The kit was purchased from RD Company in the United States. The operation was performed according to the instructions. The experimental results were averaged. The experimental results are shown in Table 1:

[0120] Table 1 Results of sow reproductive performance test

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] It can be seen from the experimental data in Table 1 that the sows that have been fed and managed for high-yield reproduction in Example 1 have the best reproductive performance, and can significantly improve the average litter size, average birth weight, average weaning weight at 21 days of age, average litter weight at 21 days of age, weaning-estrus interval number, estrus rate within 7 days of weaning, and estrus rate 10 days after weaning. The difference between Example 1 and other comparative examples is that chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres cross-linked modified montmorillonite is added to the sow nutrition pig feed of the present invention, which can absorb Escherichia coli and enterotoxin in the sow, promote the metabolism of the sow, and improve the feed conversion rate; and enable the montmorillonite to flow better in the feed, promote better dispersion of the montmorillonite in the feed, and avoid the aggregation of the montmorillonite in the feed, and the porous structure of the chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres has a stronger adsorption capacity, a larger specific surface area and more active sites, which can enhance the adsorption and antibacterial properties of montmorillonite to mycotoxin in the feed and the sow's intestines, improve the gastrointestinal environment of the sow, synergistically improve the immunity of the sow, reduce the diarrhea rate of the sow, and increase the weaning litter weight of the piglet. It can also improve the utilization efficiency of the feed, ensure and improve the quality of the feed, and secrete enough milk to feed the piglets while ensuring the health of the sows themselves during lactation, ensure the healthy growth of sows and piglets, effectively improve the reproductive high-yield performance and productivity level of the sows, and greatly improve the breeding benefits.

Claims

1. A feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Carry out mating work in a timely manner: use artificial insemination technology, observe and find the sows returning to estrus in time 18-24 days after mating, so as to preliminarily judge whether the sows are pregnant, and use ultrasound examination to determine whether the sows are pregnant at 36-45 days; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 1.5-2kg / head / day; S2 Effectively strengthen the management of late pregnancy and measures to protect the fetus: the temperature of the pig house is maintained at 15-25℃, the relative humidity is 60%-80%, and the pen is kept clean and hygienic; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 3-3.5kg / head / day; S3 Proper induction, and preparation for farrowing: 5-10 days before farrowing, clean the farrowing pen and spray with 10%-20wt% fresh lime water for disinfection, and disinfect the abdomen, udder and genitals of the sow with 2%-5wt% Lysol solution before farrowing; inject the sow with 0.05mg-0.1mg of new high-efficiency veterinary cloprostenol at 8-9 am on the day of farrowing; during this period, the sow is fed 2-3kg / head / day of nutritious pig feed; S4 Disease prevention care to ensure the health of mothers and piglets during lactation: When farrowing is over or afterbirth begins, inject 1-2 vials of 1.2 million international units of long-acting penicillin, 10mL-15mL of Antongding, 5-10mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and 20-40 units of oxytocin for every 50-100kg of body weight intramuscularly; if the sow is anorexic or has poor appetite within 3-4 days after farrowing and has no lochia discharge, use 5-10mL of compound VB injection and 5-10mL of bisacolin injection, mix and inject intramuscularly 2-3 times a day for 2-3 consecutive days; if there is still lochia within 3-4 days after farrowing, flush the uterus with 1-5wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and inject 1-2 vials of 1.2 million international units of penicillin after the flushing fluid is discharged; during this period, the feeding amount of nutritious pig feed for sows is 4-5kg / head / day; S5 Adjust the body condition during weaning to improve reproductive efficiency: 1-2 days before weaning, the sow's nutritional pig feed is reduced to 1-1.5kg / head / day, and no feed is given on the day of weaning. For sows with good milk collection, the feed amount is increased to 3-5kg / head / day; for sows with poor milk collection, the feed amount is 0.5-1kg / head / day, and after the milk collection situation improves, the feed amount is increased to 0.3-0.5kg / head / day to adjust the sow's body condition and promote estrus of weaned sows; The sow nutritional pig feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of first-grade corn, 0.5-2 parts of fermented Chinese herbal medicine, 15-20 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of puffed soybeans, 1-3 parts of imported fish meal, 0.5-1 parts of brown sugar, 0.5-1 parts of montmorillonite, 0.1-0.5 parts of salt, 1-5 parts of DL-methionine, 0.5-1 parts of sodium selenite, 1-5 parts of complex vitamins, 6-10 parts of bran, and 0.5-1 parts of inulin; The preparation method of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine is as follows: by weight, 1) Weigh 10-15 parts of Leonurus japonicus, 10-15 parts of Chuanxiong, 10-15 parts of Lycium barbarum, 10-15 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 10-15 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, and 10-15 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, grind them separately, sieve them, and mix them evenly to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder; 2) mixing the Chinese herbal medicine powder obtained in step 1) with 100-200 parts of water and heating at 80-100° C. for 2-3 hours; cooling to room temperature and filtering to separate the filtrate I and the filter residue; 3) adding 100-200 parts of water to the filter residue obtained in step 2) and soaking the mixture to obtain a mixed solution, adding 1-3 parts of fermentation bacteria and 10-20 parts of white sugar, sealing and fermenting at room temperature for 3-5 days, sterilizing at 80-100° C. for 5-10 minutes after fermentation, filtering to remove the residue, and collecting filtrate II; 4) Mixing the filtrate I and the filtrate II, removing the solvent by evaporation under reduced pressure, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine; In the step 3), the fermentation bacteria is a mixture of bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 2-3:1; The montmorillonite is modified montmorillonite, and its preparation method is as follows: (1) Dissolve 3-5 g of chitosan in 100-200 mL of 1-5 wt% acetic acid aqueous solution, and stir at 50-80 ° C for 6-8 h to obtain a chitosan solution; dissolve 2-3 g of sodium alginate in 50-100 mL of water, and stir at 80-100 ° C for 10-12 h to obtain a sodium alginate aqueous solution; then add 2-6 g of sodium alginate aqueous solution to 15-20 g of chitosan solution, and stir at 50-80 ° C for 10-20 min to obtain a mixed solution; place the mixed solution in an ultrasonic oscillator at 50-80 Hz for oscillation 10-15min to remove bubbles; then drip the mixed solution into 400-800mL of 0.5-1mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution using a syringe pump microneedle with an inner diameter of 400-600um, and then stir at a stirring speed of 100-200rpm for 1-2h; filter to obtain chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres; wash the chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres with water until the filtrate is neutral, and then freeze-dry at -25~-15℃ for 10-12h for use; (2) Add 4-5 g of chitosan / sodium alginate porous microspheres to 100-200 mL of ethyl acetate, add 2-3 g of montmorillonite, and ultrasonically treat at 20-30 °C for 20-30 min; add 1-3 g of glutaraldehyde and heat to 80-100 °C. After reacting for 2-4 h, cool to room temperature, filter, collect the filter cake, wash the filter cake with water 2-3 times, and dry it at 60-80 °C for 6-8 h to obtain modified montmorillonite.

2. The feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing nutritional pig feed for sows comprises the following steps: drying and crushing first-grade corn, soybean meal, puffed soybeans and bran to obtain mixed dry powder; adding fermented Chinese herbal medicine, imported fish meal, brown sugar, montmorillonite, salt, DL-methionine, sodium selenite, complex vitamins and inulin to the mixed dry powder, and mixing evenly to obtain a mixture; and granulating the mixture to obtain nutritional pig feed for sows.

3. The feeding and management method for promoting high-yield reproduction of sows according to claim 2, characterized in that: The granulation temperature is 60-90°C.

Images