Gabion stone cage modeling construction device and method for water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering

Abstract

The application discloses a gabion stone cage modeling construction device and method for water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering, the construction device comprises a shaped combined steel sleeve box; the construction process flow has the following steps: step 1, construction preparation is carried out; step 2, measurement and lofting operation is carried out; step 3, earthwork excavation operation is carried out; step 4, gabion stone cage skip construction operation is carried out; step 5, gabion stone cage insertion space construction operation is carried out; and step 6, backfill operation of a platform back is carried out. Compared with a traditional method, the method realizes cyclic modeling construction operation of gabion box cage installation and stone filling by adopting a shaped combined steel sleeve box and a counter-pulling steel formwork, can effectively avoid gabion stone cage size deformation in the installation process, the surface and the top surface of the formed gabion stone cage are more flat, the joint is more horizontal and vertical, the binding is more tight and firm, the stone is more compact and not easy to deform, and the internal and apparent quality of the gabion stone cage construction is effectively ensured. (2) Economic benefits are remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction of water conservancy dike (bank) slope protection projects, specifically to a gabion prefabricated construction device and method for water conservancy dike (bank) slope protection projects. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the introduction of machine-woven wire mesh technology and the establishment of the concept of integrating water conservancy construction with the environment, gabion new materials and technologies have been successfully and widely applied in domestic water conservancy dike (bank) slope protection projects. Gabion protection engineering is a construction technology that assembles honeycomb gabion mesh sheets into cages, fills them with boulders and other materials, and stacks them into walls for use as riverbank protection or support structures. According to structural forms, it can be divided into retaining walls, slope protection, bottom protection, toe protection, underwater riprap, etc. Because the steel wires constituting the honeycomb gabion protection body have a certain tensile strength and are not easily broken, and the gaps between the fillers provide a certain ability to adapt to deformation, when the foundation conditions change, such as uneven settlement or earthquakes, the fillers inside the cages are constrained and will not escape, but will adjust themselves to form a new equilibrium; therefore, small deformations may occur on the surface of the protection project, but it will not cause overall damage to the protection project.

[0003] Because gabion baskets are flexible structures with irregularly sized and shaped stones, the filling process primarily involves manual labor combined with machinery for placement and stacking, resulting in a high degree of randomness and numerous uncontrollable factors during construction. Therefore, the following problems are prone to occur during construction: first, the gabion baskets become deformed and not square; second, the binding between gabion baskets and the cover is not secure enough, leading to large gaps; and third, the surface of the gabion baskets is uneven. This results in poor construction quality, unsightly lines, and low construction efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, in order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides a gabion prefabricated construction device and method for water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering.

[0005] The present invention is implemented by constructing a modular construction device for gabion stone cages in water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering, characterized in that: the construction equipment includes a standardized combined steel casing;

[0006] The standardized modular steel casing is assembled from standard unit steel templates, triangular bracing fixing plates, and connecting bolt components. The casing can be flexibly assembled into steel casings of various specifications according to actual site needs and design requirements.

[0007] The construction equipment includes tie-down steel formwork;

[0008] The tie rod steel formwork includes a custom steel formwork, a back beam, and tie rods; the back beam is welded and fixed to the custom steel formwork, and the tie rods pass through the back beam to tighten the custom steel formwork.

[0009] According to the present invention, a gabion modular construction device for water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering is characterized in that: the standard unit steel template is composed of a panel, a frame, and stiffening ribs fully welded together; the panel is integrally cut and formed, and is divided into standard rectangular templates with and without lifting lugs. The panel without lifting lugs is 1000mm long, 1000mm wide, and 6mm thick; the panel with lifting lugs is 1000mm long, 1000mm wide, and 6mm thick, wherein the lifting lugs are 120mm long, 120mm wide, and 6mm thick, and a D60mm round hole is opened in the center of the lifting lugs to facilitate the installation of lifting ropes; the side frames and stiffening ribs of the template are 1000mm long, 55mm wide, and 6mm thick; three sets of reserved connecting screw holes should be set at 300mm intervals on the side frames, and one set of reserved connecting screw holes should be set at each end of the top frame, with a hole diameter of D12mm and a fastening bolt diameter of Φ12mm; all the above components are made of Q235 steel plate;

[0010] When assembling a steel casing using standard unit steel formwork, the multi-unit steel formwork on one side should be assembled first. The formwork frame should be tightly fitted with the holes and secured with Φ12 connecting bolts. At the corners of the steel casing, L-shaped steel pads with a length of 100mm, a width of 55mm, and a thickness of 5mm on one side should be tightly fitted to the two ends of the formwork frame. The L-shaped steel pads should have pre-drilled holes with a diameter of D12mm on both sides, and the holes should be secured with Φ12 bolts. At the four corners of the top frame of the steel casing, triangular bracing plates with a right angle side length of 100mm, a width of 55mm, and a thickness of 5mm should be tightly fitted to the two sides of the frame. The triangular bracing plates should have pre-drilled holes with a diameter of D12mm, and the holes should be secured with Φ12mm bolts to enhance the overall rigidity and stability of the steel casing.

[0011] According to the present invention, a gabion modular construction device for water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering is characterized in that: the customized steel template is composed of a panel, a frame, and stiffening ribs fully welded together; the panel is integrally cut and formed with dimensions of 2200mm in length, 1300mm in width, and 6mm in thickness; the side frames and stiffening ribs of the template are 1300mm high, 55mm wide, and 6mm thick; two horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes for tie rods are provided at the two upper corners of the panel, 100mm from the upper frame and 100mm from the left and right frames, with a hole diameter of D14mm and a length of 50mm; two horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes for tie rods are provided at the two lower corners of the panel, 200mm from the lower frame and 100mm from the left and right frames, with a hole diameter of D14mm and a length of 50mm; all the above components are made of Q235 steel plate.

[0012] The horizontal position of the back beam is consistent with the horizontal strip-shaped reserved hole, and the length of both ends exceeds the steel formwork by 100mm; each back beam is composed of two [100mm×50mm×3.0mm channel steels, the inner side of the channel steel is fully welded to the steel formwork frame and stiffening ribs, and the outer side is reinforced by welding with connecting steel plates 150mm long, 150mm wide and 6mm thick at 700mm intervals to increase the overall rigidity of the back beam and steel formwork;

[0013] The tie rods are made of M12 high-strength tie rods. During installation, the tie rods pass through the horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes and the back beam. The steel template is then tightened by using steel washers that are 150mm long, 150mm wide, and 6mm thick, and wing nuts.

[0014] A method for modular construction of gabion cages in water conservancy embankment slope protection projects, characterized by the following construction process:

[0015] Step 1: Prepare for construction;

[0016] Step 2, measurement and layout operation;

[0017] Step 3: Perform earthwork excavation.

[0018] Step 4, gabion grid construction operation;

[0019] Step 5: Gabion insertion construction operation;

[0020] Step 6: Perform backfilling on the back of the platform.

[0021] The gabion modular construction method for hydraulic embankment slope protection engineering according to the present invention is characterized in that the construction preparation includes the following operations;

[0022] (1) Design of standardized modular steel caissons: The standardized modular steel caissons are mainly composed of standard unit steel templates (1m×1m), L-shaped folds, triangular bracing fixing plates, connecting bolts and other components. The caissons can be flexibly assembled into steel caissons of various specifications according to the actual needs of the site and design requirements.

[0023] 1) Design of standard unit steel formwork (1m×1m):

[0024] It consists of a panel, frame, and stiffening ribs fully welded together. The panel is cut and formed from a single piece, and is divided into standard rectangular templates with and without lifting lugs. The panel without lifting lugs is 1000mm long, 1000mm wide, and 6mm thick; the panel with lifting lugs is 1000mm long, 1000mm wide, and 6mm thick, with each lifting lug measuring 120mm long, 120mm wide, and 6mm thick, and having a D60mm round hole in the center of the lug for easy installation of lifting ropes. The side frames and stiffening ribs of the template are 1000mm long, 55mm wide, and 6mm thick. Three sets of reserved connecting screw holes should be set at 300mm intervals on the side frames, and one set of reserved connecting screw holes should be set at each end of the top frame. The hole diameter is D12mm, and the fastening bolt diameter is Φ12mm. All the above components are made of Q235 steel plate.

[0025] 2) L-shaped folding and triangular bracing fixing plate design: When assembling the steel casing using standard unit steel templates, the multi-unit steel templates on one side should be assembled first. The template frame should be tightly fitted with the holes and fastened with Φ12 bolts. At the corners of the steel casing, L-shaped steel pads with a length of 100mm, a width of 55mm, and a thickness of 5mm on one side should be tightly fitted with the frame at both ends of the template. The L-shaped steel pads should have pre-drilled holes with a diameter of D12mm on both sides and be fastened with Φ12 bolts. At the four corners of the top frame of the steel casing, triangular bracing fixing plates with a right angle side length of 100mm, a width of 55mm, and a thickness of 5mm should be tightly fitted with the frame on both sides. The triangular bracing fixing plates should have pre-drilled holes with a diameter of D12mm and be fastened with Φ12mm bolts to enhance the overall rigidity and stability of the steel casing.

[0026] (2) Design of tie rod steel formwork: Tie rod steel formwork mainly consists of customized steel formwork, back beams, tie rods, etc.;

[0027] 1) Customized steel formwork: Composed of a panel, frame, and stiffening ribs fully welded together. The panel is 2200mm long, 1300mm wide, and 6mm thick, cut and formed from a single piece; the side frames and stiffening ribs are 1300mm high, 55mm wide, and 6mm thick; two horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes for tie rods are set at the two upper corners of the panel, 100mm from the upper frame and 100mm from the left and right frames, with a hole diameter of D14mm and a length of 50mm; two horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes for tie rods are set at the two lower corners of the panel, 200mm from the lower frame and 100mm from the left and right frames, with a hole diameter of D14mm and a length of 50mm; all the above components are made of Q235 steel plate;

[0028] 2) Backing: The backing is fabricated on-site and welded to the steel formwork according to the design position. The horizontal position of the backing is consistent with the horizontal strip-shaped reserved holes, and the length of both ends extends 100mm beyond the steel formwork. Each backing consists of two [100mm×50mm×3.0mm channel steels]. The inner side of the channel steel is fully welded to the steel formwork frame and stiffening ribs. The outer side is reinforced with connecting steel plates with a length of 150mm, a width of 150mm, and a thickness of 6mm at 700mm intervals to increase the overall rigidity of the backing and the customized steel formwork.

[0029] 3) Tie rods: M12 high-strength tie rods should be used. During installation, the tie rods should pass through the horizontal strip-shaped reserved holes and the back beam. The steel template should be tightened by using steel washers with a length of 150mm, a width of 150mm, and a thickness of 6mm and wing nuts.

[0030] (3) Construction technology and preparation of materials and equipment:

[0031] 1) Develop a specific construction plan for gabion protection projects, clarifying the process flow, quality requirements, and inspection standards;

[0032] 2) Appoint professional welders, explain the design and fabrication requirements of standardized combined steel caissons and tie rod steel formwork, strengthen inspections during the fabrication process to ensure that construction quality requirements are met;

[0033] 3) Prepare personnel, materials, and construction machinery and equipment according to construction needs. Provide pre-job safety training and construction technology and safety briefings to construction personnel to ensure they understand the construction methods and quality standards; inspect incoming materials and accept incoming machinery and equipment to ensure that materials and equipment are in qualified and usable condition;

[0034] 4) Level the work site and improve the conditions for personnel, materials and equipment to enter the site.

[0035] The method for modular construction of gabion stone cages in water conservancy embankment slope protection projects according to the present invention is characterized in that: the measurement and setting out operation is as follows: the center line of the gabion stone cage is set out using a total station to facilitate the installation of the steel casing at the center line position.

[0036] The gabion modular construction method for hydraulic embankment slope protection engineering according to the present invention is characterized in that the earthwork excavation has the following operations;

[0037] (1) For the earthwork excavation of the bank slope protection project, manual labor is used in conjunction with excavators for excavation and loading, and dump trucks are used for transportation.

[0038] (2) When mechanical excavation reaches 20cm from the design elevation, stop using large machinery and use manual labor or manual labor combined with small machinery to excavate to the design elevation;

[0039] (3) After the manual excavation reaches the design elevation, it is necessary to level the ground and remove the surface loose soil, compact the trench foundation, and test the bearing capacity of the foundation.

[0040] (4) The flatness of the excavated slope, the slope ratio, the plane position and elevation of the slope top and slope toe should meet the design requirements;

[0041] (5) Excavated waste soil shall be transported to the designated waste disposal site as required.

[0042] The gabion modular construction method for water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering according to the present invention is characterized in that: the gabion skipping construction operation is as follows:

[0043] (1) Assemble the gabion cage:

[0044] 1) Erect the unit partition and front and back panels, and fix each partition to the joint point of the two side panels with steel wire;

[0045] 2) Flip up the end plate and use long steel wire to twist all the partitions and side plates of the unit container together in a double-loop-single-double-loop pattern at intervals of 10~15cm, so that the unit container is twisted and assembled into a whole.

[0046] (2) Positioning and installing the steel casing:

[0047] 1) According to the dimensions of the gabion design drawings, assemble the standard unit steel formwork (1m×1m) into a steel casing (2m×1m×1m), and check the overall stability of the steel casing;

[0048] 2) Using a combination of manual labor and machinery, tie the lifting ropes to the lifting lugs on both sides of the steel casing and hoist it as a whole to the laying position;

[0049] 3) After the steel casing is installed, put the assembled gabion cage into the steel casing as a whole;

[0050] (3) Stone filling:

[0051] 1) The specifications and quality of the filling material inside the gabion must meet the design requirements;

[0052] 2) The filling of gabion stones should be done manually in conjunction with mechanical filling. The mechanically filled stones should be placed in the middle of the gabion, and then manually placed on all four sides after mechanical filling.

[0053] 3) Gabion stones should be filled in layers, with each layer not exceeding 35cm in thickness;

[0054] 4) When filling gabion stones on a slope, the filling should proceed from the toe of the slope towards the top.

[0055] 5) The top of the gabion should be made of stones with a flat surface and appropriate and uniform block size;

[0056] 6) The stones should be of varying sizes, compacted, and have a smooth appearance. The filling height should meet the design requirements.

[0057] (4) Closing the cover plate by hinge:

[0058] 1) Before the gabion is screwed together, check whether the stones are fully filled and whether the upper surface is flat; check the outer contour of the gabion and correct any gabions that do not meet the construction quality requirements, such as bending, deformation, sunken upper edge of the partition, or uneven surface.

[0059] 2) Using a twisting wire technique with single-loop-double-loop-single-loop point binding at intervals of 10cm-15cm, connect the cover plate to the upper edges of the vertical panel, end plate, and partition.

[0060] 3) The upper edges of all side plates, end plates, and partitions of the closed cover should be twisted in place, forming a straight line, with the steel wires at the twisting points tightly close together;

[0061] (5) Removal of steel casing: After the construction of the T-shaped gabion is completed, manual labor and machinery are used to tie the lifting ropes to the lifting lugs on both sides of the steel casing, and the steel casing is moved out as a whole at one time and directly hoisted to the installation position of the adjacent T-shaped gabion.

[0062] The gabion modular construction method for water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering according to the present invention is characterized in that: the gabion insertion construction operation is as follows;

[0063] (1) Gabion connection twisting:

[0064] 1) Place the pre-formed gabion cage into the gap of the gabion cage, and tie the upper edge wires of the panels and end plates of the adjacent gabions together tightly using twisted steel wire in a single-loop-double-loop-single-loop twisting method with an interval of 10cm~15cm.

[0065] 2) There shall be no fewer than 2 binding points per square meter at the joint surface of adjacent gabion meshes;

[0066] 3) When binding the lower corner of the adjacent frame line, bind the lower gabion cage together to finally connect them into a whole;

[0067] (2) Installation of tie rod steel formwork: For "straight" gabion cages, tie rod steel formwork is used for interlocking construction, and tie rods are used to tighten the steel formwork. Tie rods #1 and #2 pass through the horizontal strip-shaped reserved holes on both sides of the bottom of the steel formwork at a height 10cm above the bottom elevation of the single-layer gabion cage, and are locked with wing nuts. Tie rods #3 and #4 pass through the horizontal strip-shaped reserved holes on the steel formwork at a height 10cm above the top elevation of the single-layer gabion cage, and are locked with wing nuts. The tie rods can be adjusted and moved within a 5cm width range of the horizontal reserved holes to ensure that they are closely fitted on both sides of the interlocking gabion cage. The 100mm extra-wide portion at both ends of the steel formwork should be tightly fitted to the outer facade of the already formed gabion cage on both sides.

[0068] (3) Removal of tie rod steel formwork: After the gabion is filled with stones in layers in the "forward" direction and sealed and fixed, the steel formwork and tie rods are removed by manual labor and mechanical means.

[0069] The gabion modular construction method for hydraulic embankment slope protection engineering according to the present invention is characterized in that: the backfilling of the abutment is as follows:

[0070] (1) The backfill soil should be spread and compacted in layers, with each layer loosely laid not exceeding 200mm in thickness;

[0071] (2) The compaction degree of backfill soil and the top elevation of backfill soil should meet the design requirements.

[0072] The present invention has the following advantages: (1) Improved engineering quality. Compared with the traditional construction method, this construction method adopts "standardized combined steel box + tie steel formwork" to realize the cyclical modular construction operation of gabion cage installation and stone filling. During the installation process, the size deformation of gabion cage can be effectively avoided. The surface and top surface of the gabion cage after molding are flatter, the joints are more horizontal and vertical, the binding is tighter and stronger, and the stone is denser and less prone to deformation, effectively ensuring the internal and appearance quality of gabion cage construction. (2) Significant economic benefits. Compared with the traditional construction method, "standardized combined steel box + tie steel formwork" can flexibly assemble standard unit steel formwork into various sizes and specifications according to site needs and design requirements, which greatly reduces the formwork cost and realizes the recycling of formwork and energy saving. At the same time, the formwork structure is simple, has good self-stability, and is fast to install and dismantle without the risk of collapse. The construction time will be reduced by 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, effectively shortening the construction period, accelerating the construction progress, and reducing the construction cost. (3) Good applicability and promotion. Compared to traditional methods, this construction method overcomes the adverse effects of gabion cage placement on formwork installation when arranged in a "one header, one stretcher" configuration. Based on the characteristics of different locations, two installation methods are adopted: "standardized combined steel casing" and "tie-stayed steel formwork," enabling rapid modular construction of gabion cages with interlocking gaps. This adapts to the installation of gabion cages of different structural types, demonstrating good versatility and potential for wider application. Attached Figure Description

[0073] Figure 1. Construction process flow of gabion blocks for slope protection engineering of water conservancy dikes (banks);

[0074] Figure 2 Construction diagram of steel casing (1m×1m×1m);

[0075] Figure 3 Construction diagram of steel casing (2m×1m×1m);

[0076] Figures 4-5 Construction diagram of unit steel formwork (1m×1m);

[0077] Figure 6Single-sided assembly and connection detail drawing (B);

[0078] Figure 7 Corner assembly and connection detail drawing (A);

[0079] Figure 8 Construction diagram of tie rod steel formwork;

[0080] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the tie screw (A);

[0081] Figure 10 Diagram of tie rod steel formwork installation. Detailed Implementation

[0082] The following will be combined with the appendix Figures 1-10 This invention will be described in detail, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0083] A modular construction device for gabion stone cages in water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering is shown in the figure; the construction equipment includes a standardized combined steel casing.

[0084] The standardized modular steel box is assembled from standard unit steel template 1, triangular bracing fixing plate 2, and connecting bolt components. The box can be flexibly assembled into steel boxes of various specifications according to actual site needs and design requirements.

[0085] The construction equipment includes tie-down steel formwork;

[0086] The tie rod steel template includes a custom steel template 4, a back beam 5, and tie rods 6; the back beam 5 is welded and fixed to the custom steel template 4, and the tie rods 6 pass through the back beam 5 to pull the custom steel template 4 tightly.

[0087] The standard unit steel formwork 1 consists of a panel, frame, and stiffening ribs fully welded together. The panel is integrally cut and formed, and is divided into standard rectangular formwork with and without lifting lugs. The panel without lifting lugs is 1000mm long, 1000mm wide, and 6mm thick; the panel with lifting lugs is 1000mm long, 1000mm wide, and 6mm thick, with the lifting lugs being 120mm long, 120mm wide, and 6mm thick, and having a D60mm round hole in the center of the lifting lug for easy installation of lifting ropes; the side frames and stiffening ribs of the formwork are 1000mm long, 55mm wide, and 6mm thick; the side frames should have three sets of reserved connection screw holes spaced 300mm apart, and the top frame should have one set of reserved connection screw holes at each end, with a hole diameter of D12mm and a fastening bolt diameter of Φ12mm; all the above components are made of Q235 steel plate.

[0088] When assembling the steel casing using standard unit steel formwork 1, the multi-unit steel formwork on one side should be assembled first. The formwork frame should be tightly fitted with the holes and fastened with Φ12 connecting bolts. At the corners of the steel casing, L-shaped steel pads 3 with a length of 100mm, a width of 55mm, and a thickness of 5mm on one side should be tightly fitted to the two ends of the formwork frame. The L-shaped steel pads 3 need to have pre-drilled holes on both sides with a diameter of D12mm, and the holes should be fastened with Φ12 bolts. At the four corners of the top frame of the steel casing, triangular bracing plates 2 with a right angle side length of 100mm, a width of 55mm, and a thickness of 5mm should be tightly fitted to the two sides of the frame. The triangular bracing plates 2 need to have pre-drilled holes with a diameter of D12mm, and the holes should be fastened with Φ12mm bolts to enhance the overall rigidity and stability of the steel casing.

[0089] The customized steel formwork 4 is composed of a panel, frame, and stiffening ribs fully welded together. The panel is 2200mm long, 1300mm wide, and 6mm thick, cut and formed as a single piece. The side frames and stiffening ribs of the formwork are 1300mm high, 55mm wide, and 6mm thick. Two horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes for tie rods are set at the two upper corners of the panel, 100mm from the upper frame and 100mm from the left and right frames, with a hole diameter of D14mm and a length of 50mm. Two horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes for tie rods are set at the two lower corners of the panel, 200mm from the lower frame and 100mm from the left and right frames, with a hole diameter of D14mm and a length of 50mm. All the above components are made of Q235 steel plate.

[0090] The horizontal position of the back beam 5 is consistent with the horizontal strip reserved hole, and the length of both ends exceeds the steel formwork by 100mm; each back beam is composed of two [100mm×50mm×3.0mm channel steels, the inner side of the channel steel is fully welded to the steel formwork frame and stiffening ribs for fixation, and the outer side is reinforced by welding with connecting steel plates 150mm long, 150mm wide and 6mm thick at 700mm intervals to increase the overall rigidity of the back beam and the customized steel formwork;

[0091] The tie rod 6 is an M12 high-strength tie rod. During installation, the tie rod passes through the horizontal strip-shaped reserved hole and the back beam. The steel template is tightened by using steel washers with a length of 150mm, a width of 150mm, and a thickness of 6mm and wing nuts.

[0092] This invention provides an improved, modular construction method for gabion cages in water conservancy dike (bank) slope protection projects. This method is applicable to the modular construction of gabion cages in water conservancy dike (bank) slope protection projects. Addressing the problems encountered in existing gabion cage construction, the applicant, combining specific engineering application cases, has developed a modular construction technology for gabion cages in water conservancy dike (bank) slope protection projects, focusing on the project as the object and the process as the core. This achieves the goals of reducing project costs, improving construction efficiency, and ensuring quality and safety.

[0093] Process Principles: (1) Modular Construction Method of Gabion Stone Cage: Two modular structures, namely, standardized combined steel casing and tie rod steel formwork, are used in combination. First, the "T" oriented gabion stone cage is constructed by using the combined assembled steel casing to fill the grid, and then the "C" oriented gabion stone cage is constructed by using the tie rod steel formwork to fill the gaps. This continues until the gabion stone cage is filled in layers and sealed and fixed. The gabion stone cage is then dismantled when it is ensured that it will not deform due to demolding, thus forming a stable gabion stone cage protection structure. (2) Standardized Combined Steel Casing Technology: Considering the actual needs of the site and design requirements, according to the different structural dimensions and layout forms of the gabion stone cage protection structure, standard unit steel formwork can be flexibly assembled into steel casings of various specifications by bolt connection, which enhances the adaptability and convenience of the construction method to different structural types and realizes the recycling of steel casings. (3) Steel formwork insertion construction technology: The customized steel formwork is fastened by tie rods. The tie rods should be installed close to both sides of the gabion cage according to the designed horizontal position and height. The ends of the customized steel formwork should be designed to be extra wide and close to the outer facade of the gabion cage on both sides. After the gabion cage is filled in layers, the formwork is quickly removed manually to realize the recycling of steel formwork.

[0094] The modular construction process of gabion stone cages for hydraulic dike (bank) slope protection engineering of this invention is as follows:

[0095] Step 1, Construction Preparation;

[0096] (1) Design of Standardized Modular Steel Cofferdam: The standardized modular steel caisson is mainly composed of standard unit steel templates (1m×1m), L-shaped folds, triangular bracing fixing plates, connecting bolts, and other components. The caisson can be flexibly assembled into various specifications of steel caissons according to the actual needs of the site and design requirements, such as... Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown.

[0097] 1) Design of standard unit steel formwork (1m×1m);

[0098] It consists of a panel, frame, and stiffening ribs fully welded together. The panel is cut and formed from a single piece, and comes in two standard rectangular templates: one with lifting lugs and one without. The panel without lifting lugs is 1000mm long, 1000mm wide, and 6mm thick; the panel with lifting lugs is also 1000mm long, 1000mm wide, and 6mm thick, with each lifting lug measuring 120mm long, 120mm wide, and 6mm thick, and having a D60mm round hole in the center for easy installation of lifting ropes. The side frames and stiffening ribs are 1000mm long, 55mm wide, and 6mm thick. Three sets of pre-drilled bolt holes should be provided at 300mm intervals on the side frames, and one set of pre-drilled bolt holes should be provided at each end of the top frame. The hole diameter is D12mm, and the bolt diameter is Φ12mm. All components are made of Q235 steel plate. Figures 4-5 As shown.

[0099] 2) L-shaped folding and triangular bracing fixing plate design; when assembling steel cascades using standard unit steel formwork, the multi-unit steel formwork on one side should be assembled first. The formwork frame should be tightly fitted with the holes and fastened with Φ12 bolts. Figure 6 As shown. At the corners of the steel casing, L-shaped steel pads, each 100mm long, 55mm wide, and 5mm thick on one side, should be tightly fitted to the two ends of the template frame. Pre-drilled holes (D12mm diameter) should be made on both sides of the L-shaped steel pads, and these holes should be secured with Φ12 bolts. At the four corners of the top frame of the steel casing, triangular braces, each 100mm long, 55mm wide, and 5mm thick on one side, should be tightly fitted to the two sides of the frame. Pre-drilled holes (D12mm diameter) should be made in these triangular braces, and these holes should be secured with Φ12mm bolts to enhance the overall rigidity and stability of the steel casing. Figure 7 As shown.

[0100] (2) Design of tie rod steel formwork; tie rod steel formwork mainly consists of customized steel formwork, back beams, tie rods, etc., such as Figure 8 As shown;

[0101] 1) Customized steel formwork: Composed of a panel, frame, and stiffening ribs fully welded together. The panel dimensions are 2200mm long, 1300mm wide, and 6mm thick, cut and formed from a single piece; the side frames and stiffening ribs are 1300mm high, 55mm wide, and 6mm thick; two horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes for tie rods are provided at the two upper corners of the panel, 100mm from the upper frame and 100mm from the left and right frames, with a hole diameter of D14mm and a length of 50mm; two horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes for tie rods are provided at the two lower corners of the panel, 200mm from the lower frame and 100mm from the left and right frames, with a hole diameter of D14mm and a length of 50mm; all the above components are made of Q235 steel plate. Figure 8 As shown;

[0102] 2) Backing: The backing is fabricated on-site and welded to the steel formwork according to the design position. The horizontal position of the backing is consistent with the horizontal strip-shaped reserved holes, and the length of both ends extends 100mm beyond the steel formwork. Each backing consists of two [100mm×50mm×3.0mm channel steels]. The inner side of the channel steel is fully welded to the steel formwork frame and stiffening ribs. The outer side is reinforced with connecting steel plates with a length of 150mm, a width of 150mm, and a thickness of 6mm at 700mm intervals to increase the overall rigidity of the backing and the customized steel formwork.

[0103] 3) Tie rods: M12 high-strength tie rods should be used. During installation, the tie rods should pass through the horizontal strip-shaped reserved holes and the back beam. The steel template should be tightened by using steel washers with a length of 150mm, a width of 150mm, and a thickness of 6mm and wing nuts.

[0104] (3) Construction technology and preparation of materials and equipment;

[0105] 1) Develop a specific construction plan for gabion protection projects, clarifying the process flow, quality requirements, and inspection standards;

[0106] 2) Appoint professional welders, explain the design and fabrication requirements of standardized combined steel caissons and tie rod steel formwork, strengthen inspections during the fabrication process to ensure that construction quality requirements are met;

[0107] 3) Prepare personnel, materials, and construction machinery and equipment according to construction needs. Provide pre-job safety training and technical and safety briefings to construction personnel to ensure they understand construction methods and quality standards. Inspect incoming materials and accept incoming machinery and equipment to ensure they are in qualified and usable condition.

[0108] 4) Level the work site and improve the conditions for personnel, materials and equipment to enter the site.

[0109] Step 2, Measurement and Layout: Use a total station to lay out the center line of the gabion cage to facilitate the installation of the steel casing by aligning it with the center line position.

[0110] Step 3, earthwork excavation:

[0111] (1) For the earthwork excavation of the bank slope protection project, manual labor is used in conjunction with excavators for excavation and loading, and dump trucks are used for transportation.

[0112] (2) When mechanical excavation reaches 20cm from the design elevation, stop using large machinery and use manual labor or manual labor combined with small machinery to excavate to the design elevation;

[0113] (3) After the manual excavation reaches the design elevation, it is necessary to level the ground and remove the surface loose soil, compact the trench foundation, and test the bearing capacity of the foundation.

[0114] (4) The flatness of the excavated slope, the slope ratio, the plane position and elevation of the slope top and slope toe should meet the design requirements;

[0115] (5) Excavated waste soil shall be transported to the designated waste disposal site as required.

[0116] Step 4: Construction of gabion grids;

[0117] (1) Assemble the gabion cage;

[0118] 1) Erect the unit partition and front and back panels, and fix each partition to the joint point of the two side panels with steel wire;

[0119] 2) Flip up the end plate and use long steel wire to twist all the partitions and side plates of the unit cell container together in a double-loop-single-double-loop pattern at intervals of 10~15cm, so that the unit cell container is twisted and assembled into a whole.

[0120] (2) Position and install the steel casing;

[0121] 1) According to the dimensions of the gabion design drawings, assemble the standard unit steel formwork (1m×1m) into a steel casing (2m×1m×1m), and check the overall stability of the steel casing;

[0122] 2) Using a combination of manual labor and machinery, tie the lifting ropes to the lifting lugs on both sides of the steel casing and hoist it as a whole to the laying position;

[0123] 3) After the steel casing is installed, put the assembled gabion cage into the steel casing as a whole.

[0124] (3) Stone filling;

[0125] 1) The specifications and quality of the filling material inside the gabion must meet the design requirements;

[0126] 2) The filling of gabion stones should be done manually in conjunction with mechanical filling. The mechanically filled stones should be placed in the middle of the gabion, and then manually placed on all four sides after mechanical filling.

[0127] 3) Gabion stones should be filled in layers, with each layer not exceeding 35cm in thickness;

[0128] 4) When filling gabion stones on a slope, the filling should proceed from the toe of the slope towards the top.

[0129] 5) The top of the gabion should be made of stones with a flat surface and appropriate and uniform block size;

[0130] 6) The stones should be of varying sizes, compacted, and have a smooth appearance. The filling height should meet the design requirements.

[0131] (4) Close the cover plate by hinge;

[0132] 1) Before the gabion is screwed together, check whether the stones are fully filled and whether the upper surface is flat; check the outer contour of the gabion and correct any gabions that do not meet the construction quality requirements, such as bending, deformation, sunken upper edge of the partition, or uneven surface.

[0133] 2) Using twisted steel wire, the cover plate is twisted together with the upper edges of the vertical panel, end plate, and partition plate in a twisting method with a single loop-double loop-single loop interval of 10cm~15cm.

[0134] 3) The upper edges of all side plates, end plates, and partitions of the closed cover should be twisted in place to form a straight line, and the steel wires at the twisting points should be tightly close together.

[0135] (5) Removal of steel casing: After the construction of the T-shaped gabion is completed, manual labor and machinery are used to tie the lifting ropes to the lifting lugs on both sides of the steel casing, and the steel casing is moved out as a whole at one time and directly hoisted to the installation position of the adjacent T-shaped gabion.

[0136] Step 5: Gabion insertion construction;

[0137] (1) Gabion connection twisting:

[0138] 1) Place the pre-formed gabion cage into the gap of the gabion cage, and tie the upper edge wires of the panels and end plates of the adjacent gabions together tightly using twisted steel wire in a single-loop-double-loop-single-loop twisting method with an interval of 10cm~15cm.

[0139] 2) There shall be no fewer than 2 binding points per square meter at the joint surface of adjacent gabion meshes;

[0140] 3) When binding the lower corner of the adjacent frame line, bind the lower gabion cage together to finally connect them into a whole.

[0141] (2) Installation of tie rod steel formwork: For "forward" gabion cages, tie rod steel formwork is used for interlocking construction, and tie rods are used to tighten the steel formwork. Tie rods #1 and #2 pass through the horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes on both sides of the bottom of the steel formwork, 10cm above the bottom elevation of the single-layer gabion cage, and are locked with wing nuts; tie rods #3 and #4 pass through the horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes on the steel formwork, 10cm above the top elevation of the single-layer gabion cage, and are locked with wing nuts. The tie rods can be adjusted and moved within a 5cm width range of the horizontal pre-drilled holes to ensure close fit on both sides of the interlocked gabion cage. The 100mm extra width at both ends of the steel formwork should be tightly fitted to the outer facade of the already formed gabion cage on both sides. Figure 10 As shown.

[0142] (3) Removal of tie rod steel formwork: After the gabion is filled with stones in layers in the "forward" direction and sealed and fixed, the steel formwork and tie rods are removed by manual labor and mechanical means.

[0143] Step 6, backfilling behind the platform;

[0144] (1) The backfill soil should be spread and compacted in layers, with each layer loosely laid not exceeding 200mm in thickness;

[0145] (2) The compaction degree of backfill soil and the top elevation of backfill soil should meet the design requirements.

[0146] The benefits of this invention are analyzed as follows;

[0147] (1) Economic benefits: This construction method developed a "standardized combined steel box + tie-beam steel formwork" construction method, realizing rapid cyclical modular construction of gabion cage installation and stone filling; among them, the combined steel box can be flexibly assembled into various sizes and specifications according to the actual needs of the site and design requirements, and can be reused repeatedly; the tie-beam steel formwork can realize the rapid installation and dismantling of the gabion cage formwork, which greatly improves construction efficiency, effectively shortens the construction period, and reduces construction costs. Compared with traditional construction methods, the surface and top surface of the formed gabion cage are flatter, the binding is tighter and more secure, the stone is denser and less prone to deformation, and the appearance quality is greatly improved. The "standardized combined steel box + tie-beam steel formwork" adopted has a simple structure, good self-stability, light weight, and low processing cost, which greatly reduces equipment costs and lowers project costs, and has significant economic benefits and practicality.

[0148] (2) Social Benefits: This construction method provides a new solution for the construction of gabion protection projects, bringing good brand benefits to enterprises. Traditional gabion construction mainly adopts the method of mechanically stacking stones, resulting in poor construction quality and easy to cause unevenness in the dimensions of gabion cages, loose binding of the cage covers, and large gaps between the cages. The "standardized combined steel cage + tie-down steel formwork" construction process adopted in this method can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems in traditional construction. Moreover, the formwork structure is simple, the processing cost is low, and the equipment cost is greatly reduced, achieving energy saving and consumption reduction, making gabion construction more standardized and convenient. At the same time, this construction method also has the advantages of convenient installation, fast construction, effective improvement of construction quality, ensuring construction safety, energy saving and environmental protection, and saving construction costs. It has significant social benefits and good promotion and application value.

[0149] Engineering Examples:

[0150] Application Example 1: Meishan City Dongpo South Lake Area Land Development and Municipal Infrastructure Construction Project; This project, undertaken by Sichuan Luhang Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., is located between Dongpo Lake, Suhu Road, and the Minjiang River in Dongpo District, Meishan City, covering an area of ​​approximately 1800 mu (about 120 hectares) of land for primary development. The main works of this project include: 1. A three-vertical and four-horizontal road network, including the first phase of the Dongpo Avenue South Extension, the first phase of Binjiang Road, and Hubin Road. The four horizontal roads are: Planned Road 1, the first phase of Planned Road 2, Planned Road 3, and the first phase of Planned Road 4; 2. The Nanhu Wetland Park and lakeside landscape greening project; 3. Four urban bridges; 4. The comprehensive management project of the Dongpo Lake artificial lake and river channel. The main works involved include: roads, water supply, drainage, lighting, electricity, communications, gas, transportation, greening, and comprehensive river management. The contract value is approximately 360 million yuan.

[0151] The comprehensive river management project for Nanhu Wetland Park and Dongpo Lake artificial lake includes a 3400m gabion riverbank protection project. The gabion retaining walls are designed to be 3m high and use a "one header, one stretcher" construction method. Each gabion is 2m×1m×1m in size. This project successfully applied the "modular construction method for gabions in water conservancy embankment slope protection projects". The prefabricated gabions are more tightly and firmly tied, and the stone filling is more compact and flat, resulting in a significant improvement in appearance and overall quality. At the same time, the construction period was significantly shortened, the project cost was reduced, and the water pollution in the water resource protection area was minimized. This project has received unanimous praise from the company, the owner, and the supervisor.

[0152] Application Example 2: New Construction Project of Quhe-Fujiang Bridge (Qingdi Ferry Crossing to Highway Bridge) in Shehong County

[0153] This project, undertaken by Sichuan Luhang Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., is the new construction project of the Quhe-Fujiang Bridge (Qingdi Ferry Crossing to Highway Bridge) in Shehong City. Located in the first-level water resource protection zone of the Fujiang River, the project is a key project connecting the Chenghe area and the Hedong New Area. It includes a 2600m gabion embankment protection structure, with 4m high gabion retaining walls constructed using a "one header, one stretcher" method. Each gabion measures 2m × 1m × 1m. This project successfully applied the "modular construction method for gabion embankment slope protection engineering," which, compared to traditional construction techniques, reduced river pollution and significantly lowered costs. The "standardized combined steel casing + tie-beam steel formwork" gabion filling process used in this project offers advantages such as convenient installation, rapid construction, improved quality, enhanced construction safety, energy conservation and environmental protection, and cost savings, demonstrating promising prospects for widespread application.

[0154] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A construction method for a gabion modular construction device for water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering, characterized in that; The construction device includes a standardized combined steel box; the standardized combined steel box is assembled from standard unit steel template (1), triangular bracing fixing plate (2), and connecting bolt components. The box can be flexibly assembled into steel boxes of various specifications according to the actual needs of the site and design requirements. The construction device also includes a tie-beam steel template; the tie-beam steel template includes a custom steel template (4), a back beam (5), and tie rods (6); the back beam (5) is welded and fixed on the custom steel template (4), and the tie rods (6) pass through the back beam (5) to tie and fasten the custom steel template (4); The construction process corresponding to the construction device is as follows; Step 1: Prepare for construction; Step 2, measurement and layout operation; Step 3: Perform earthwork excavation. Step 4, gabion grid construction operation; (1) Assemble the gabion cage; (2) Position and install the steel casing; (3) Stone filling; (4) Close the cover plate by hinge; (5) Removal of steel casing: After the construction of the T-shaped gabion is completed, manual labor and machinery are used to tie the lifting ropes to the lifting lugs on both sides of the steel casing, and the steel casing is moved out as a whole at one time and directly hoisted to the installation position of the adjacent T-shaped gabion. Step 5: Gabion cage insertion construction; (1) Gabion coupling; (2) Installation of tie rod steel formwork: The "forward" gabion cage is constructed by inserting tie rod steel formwork, and the steel formwork is fastened by tie rods; tie rods #1 and #2 pass through the horizontal strip-shaped reserved holes on both sides of the bottom of the steel formwork at a height 10cm above the bottom elevation of the single-layer gabion cage, and are locked with wing nuts; tie rods #3 and #4 pass through the horizontal strip-shaped reserved holes on the steel formwork at a height 10cm above the top elevation of the single-layer gabion cage, and are locked with wing nuts; the tie rods can be adjusted and moved within a 5cm width range of the horizontal reserved holes to ensure that they are closely fitted on both sides of the inserted gabion cage; the 100mm extra-wide part at both ends of the steel formwork should be tightly fitted to the outer facade of the already formed gabion cage on both sides; (3) Removal of tie rod steel formwork: After the "forward" gabion is filled with stones in layers and sealed and fixed, the steel formwork and tie rods are removed by manual labor and mechanical means. Step 6: Perform backfilling on the back of the platform.

2. The construction method of the gabion modular construction device for water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that; The standard unit steel formwork (1) is composed of a panel, a frame and stiffening ribs fully welded together; the panel is cut into shape as a whole and is divided into standard rectangular formwork with and without lifting lugs. The panel without lifting lugs is 1000mm long, 1000mm wide and 6mm thick; the panel with lifting lugs is 1000mm long, 1000mm wide and 6mm thick, of which the lifting lugs are 120mm long, 120mm wide and 6mm thick, and the center of the lifting lugs has a D60mm round hole for easy installation of lifting ropes; the side frames and stiffening ribs of the formwork are 1000mm long, 55mm wide and 6mm thick; the side frames should be provided with three sets of reserved connection screw holes at 300mm intervals, and the top frame should be provided with one set of reserved connection screw holes at each end. The hole diameter is D12mm and the fastening bolt diameter is Φ12mm; all the above components are made of Q235 steel plate; When assembling the steel box using standard unit steel formwork (1), the multi-unit steel formwork on one side should be assembled first. The frame of the formwork should be tightly fitted with the holes and fastened with Φ12 connecting bolts. At the corner of the steel box, an L-shaped steel pad (3) with a length of 100mm, a width of 55mm, and a thickness of 5mm on one side should be tightly fitted to the frame of both ends of the formwork. The L-shaped steel pad (3) should have pre-drilled holes on both sides with a diameter of D12mm and be fastened with Φ12 bolts. The top frame of the steel box should have triangular support fixing plates (2) with a right angle side length of 100mm, a width of 55mm, and a thickness of 5mm at the four corners of the frame. The triangular support fixing plates (2) should have pre-drilled holes with a diameter of D12mm and be fastened with Φ12mm bolts to enhance the overall rigidity and stability of the steel box.

3. The construction method of the gabion modular construction device for water conservancy embankment slope protection engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that; The customized steel template (4) is composed of a panel, a frame and stiffening ribs fully welded together; the panel is 2200mm long, 1300mm wide and 6mm thick, cut into shape as one piece; the frame and stiffening ribs on both sides of the template are 1300mm high, 55mm wide and 6mm thick; two horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes for tie rods are set at the two corners of the upper part of the panel, 100mm from the upper frame and 100mm from the left and right frames, with a hole diameter of D14mm and a length of 50mm; two horizontal strip-shaped pre-drilled holes for tie rods are set at the two corners of the lower part of the panel, 200mm from the lower frame and 100mm from the left and right frames, with a hole diameter of D14mm and a length of 50mm; all the above components are made of Q235 steel plate; The horizontal position of the back beam (5) is consistent with the horizontal strip reserved hole, and the length of both ends exceeds the steel template by 100mm; one back beam is composed of two 100mm×50mm×3.0mm channel steels. The inner side of the channel steel is fully welded to the steel template frame and stiffening ribs. The outer side is reinforced by welding with connecting steel plates with a length of 150mm, a width of 150mm and a thickness of 6mm at intervals of 700mm, so as to increase the overall rigidity of the back beam and the customized steel template. The tie rod (6) adopts M12 high-strength tie rod. During installation, the tie rod passes through the horizontal strip reserved hole and the back beam. The steel template is tightened by using steel shims with a length of 150mm, a width of 150mm, and a thickness of 6mm and wing nuts.

Images