Ion trap device, quantum computing control method and storage medium

Abstract

The present application provides an ion trap device, a quantum computing control method, and a storage medium. It relates to the field of quantum computing. The ion trap device includes an ion trapping module, a light beam output module, a timing control module, and an ion detection module. Among them, the ion trapping module is used to trap computing ions and auxiliary ions. The computing ions are used to store and read quantum information, and the auxiliary ions are used to cooperatively cool the computing ions. The transition wavelengths of the computing ions and the auxiliary ions are different; during the ion state reading process, the probe light is controlled to irradiate the computing ions to induce the computing ions to emit photons, and during the ion state reading process, the cooling light is controlled to irradiate the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the computing ions. By controlling the partial or complete overlap of the ion state reading process and the ion cooling process in the embodiments of the present application, the quantum computing time can be effectively shortened, and the operation speed of the quantum computer can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of quantum computing, and in particular, to an ion trap device, a quantum computing control method, and a storage medium. Background Art

[0002] An ion trap is an experimental device that uses electromagnetic fields to confine charged atoms (i.e., ions) and manipulates the states of charged atoms by means of lasers, microwaves, etc. Generally, the device includes electrodes that can generate target electromagnetic fields, a compatible ultra-high vacuum cavity, a laser, microwaves, an electronics control system, and an optical readout device, etc. The ion trap system has advantages such as long-range interactions and long coherence times, so it is a good candidate system for quantum computers.

[0003] The existing ion trap quantum computing process generally includes processes such as cooling ions, initial state preparation (i.e., initialization), (quantum) manipulation, and state readout. The timing diagram is shown in Figure 1 . Among them, the purpose of cooling ions is to reduce the thermal motion of ions, thereby improving the fidelity of quantum manipulation. The purpose of initialization is to prepare all ions into a specific state. After performing the manipulation of interest on the ions, it is necessary to measure scattered photons to read out the ion state. In the existing state readout process in quantum computing, a fluorescence readout scheme is generally adopted, that is, a laser beam resonant with the ions is irradiated onto the ions. When the ions are in a certain specific quantum state, the ions will be induced to emit photons, and the number of these photons collected by the imaging system can be used to determine which quantum state the ions are in. Limited by the collection efficiency of the imaging system, the general state readout process requires a relatively long time (millisecond level). In addition, since the scattered photons will heat the ions, it is necessary to cool the ions again before the next operation sequence. It can be seen that in the above ion trap quantum computing timing sequence, state readout and cooling each require about 1 millisecond, which is also the part that takes the longest time in the entire quantum computing timing sequence, which greatly limits the operating speed of the ion trap quantum computer.

[0004] How to solve the above problems is a hot topic being studied by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides an ion trap device, a quantum computing control method, and a storage medium, which can effectively shorten the quantum computing time and improve the operating speed of the quantum computer.

[0006] In a first aspect, an ion trap device is provided. The device includes an ion confinement module, a light beam output module, a timing control module, and an ion detection module. Among them, the ion confinement module is used to confine computing ions and auxiliary ions. The computing ions are used to store and read quantum information, and the auxiliary ions are used to co-cool the computing ions. The transition wavelengths of the computing ions and the auxiliary ions are different; the timing control module is used to control the light beam output module to irradiate the detection light onto the computing ions to induce the computing ions to emit photons during the ion state readout process, and control the light beam output module to irradiate the cooling light onto the auxiliary ions to co-cool the computing ions during the ion state readout process; the wavelength of the detection light is the transition wavelength of the computing ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions; the ion detection module is used to collect the photons emitted by the computing ions during the ion state readout process to determine the quantum state of the computing ions.

[0007] Optionally, the above-mentioned computing ions and auxiliary ions are ions of two different elements. Exemplarily, the computing ions are ions of hydrogen element (or silicon element, or phosphorus element, etc.), and the auxiliary ions are ions of lithium element (or magnesium element, or calcium element, etc.).

[0008] In addition, optionally, the above-mentioned computing ions and auxiliary ions are different isotopes of the same element. Exemplarily, the computing ions and the auxiliary ions are different isotopes of hydrogen element. Among them, the isotopes of hydrogen element are protium (hydrogen-1, H), deuterium (hydrogen-2, heavy hydrogen, D), and tritium (hydrogen-3, superheavy hydrogen, T). Another example is that the computing ions and the auxiliary ions are different isotopes of silicon element. Among them, the isotopes of silicon element are silicon-28, silicon-29, and silicon-30.

[0009] It should be noted that the cooling light can be at least one of cooling lights such as Doppler cooling light, sideband cooling light, and Electromagnetic Induced Transparency (EIT) cooling light.

[0010] In the embodiments of the present application, during the ion state readout process, the detection light is controlled to irradiate the computing ions to induce the computing ions to emit photons, and by controlling the cooling light to start irradiating the auxiliary ions to co-cool the computing ions during the ion state readout process. Compared with the prior art where the ion state readout and ion cooling are performed separately and each occupies a part of the time, the embodiments of the present application can effectively shorten the quantum computing time and improve the operating speed of the quantum computer by controlling the partial or complete overlap of the ion state readout process and the ion cooling process.

[0011] Among them, the moment when the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ion can be any moment between the start moment (including) and the end moment (excluding) of the ion state reading process. Optionally, when the moment when the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ion is the start moment of the ion state reading process, the moment when the cooling light ends irradiating the auxiliary ion can be the moment after a preset time of irradiating the auxiliary ion, and the specific size of the preset time can be set according to the actual situation. Exemplarily, when the moment when the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ion is the start moment of the ion state reading process, the moment when the cooling light ends irradiating the auxiliary ion can be the end moment of the ion state reading process. Exemplarily, when the moment when the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ion is any moment between the start moment (excluding) and the end moment (excluding) of the ion state reading process, the moment when the cooling light ends irradiating the auxiliary ion can be the moment after a preset time of irradiating the auxiliary ion. In this way, compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application can achieve partial or complete overlap of the ion state reading process and the ion cooling process, and can effectively shorten the quantum calculation time consumption.

[0012] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the ion trap device further includes an ion manipulation module for performing quantum manipulation on the computing ion; and the timing control module is further configured to control the ion manipulation module to perform quantum manipulation on the computing ion before the beam output module irradiates the detection light on the computing ion.

[0013] In the embodiments of the present application, before the state of the computing ion is read out, quantum manipulation needs to be performed on the computing ion. In other words, the quantum manipulation process can be understood as the quantum computing processing process, and the state reading can be understood as the result reading process of the quantum computing processing process.

[0014] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the timing control module is further configured to control the beam output module to prepare the computing ion to an initial state before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ion.

[0015] In the embodiments of the present application, the initial state is a preset state, and the specific initial state can be set according to the actual situation. Initializing the computing ion to the initial state can be understood as a "reset" operation. After resetting, quantum manipulation can be performed on the computing ion.

[0016] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the timing control module is further configured to control the beam output module to irradiate the cooling light on the auxiliary ion to cooperatively cool the computing ion before the computing ion is first prepared to the initial state.

[0017] In the embodiments of the present application, the purpose of cooling the computing ion is to reduce the thermal motion of the computing ion, thereby improving the fidelity of quantum manipulation.

[0018] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the ion trap device further includes a filter disposed before the ion detection module, and the filter is configured to filter out at least one of the detection light, the cooling light, and the photons radiated by the auxiliary ions.

[0019] In the embodiments of the present application, a filter is provided to filter out stray light, reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the readout of the quantum state, effectively improve the detection accuracy of the ion detection module, and thus ensure the accuracy of the results of quantum computing.

[0020] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the computing ions and the auxiliary ions are not distinguished by region and are jointly trapped in the ion trapping module. Exemplarily, at this time, the ion trapping module may include an electromagnetic field that traps the computing ions and the auxiliary ions simultaneously.

[0021] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the ion trapping module includes a computing region and a cooling region. Exemplarily, at this time, the ion trapping module may include two electromagnetic fields, one for the electromagnetic field of the computing region and the other for the electromagnetic field of the cooling region.

[0022] At this time, the timing control module is further configured to control the ion trapping module to trap the computing ions in the computing region before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ions; at this time, the ion trapping module can be controlled to trap the auxiliary ions in the cooling region, and trapping the computing ions and the auxiliary ions in two regions respectively can reduce the crosstalk of the process of manipulating the computing ions to the auxiliary ions. Alternatively, at this time, the ion trapping module can also be controlled to trap the auxiliary ions in the computing region. At this time, the process of manipulating the computing ions may cause certain interference to the auxiliary ions.

[0023] and / or,

[0024] The timing control module is further configured to control the ion trapping module to trap the computing ions and the auxiliary ions in the cooling region before performing co-cooling on the auxiliary ions. Among them, whether it is to cool the auxiliary ions to achieve co-cooling before initially preparing the computing ions to the initial state, or to cool the auxiliary ions to achieve co-cooling during the ion state readout process, in both of the above two cases, the ion trapping module can be controlled to trap the computing ions and the auxiliary ions in the cooling region. Optionally, before initially preparing the computing ions to the initial state, after cooling the auxiliary ions in the cooling region to achieve co-cooling of the computing ions, the computing ions will be moved to the computing region to perform operations such as initialization and manipulation; after completing the manipulation of the computing ions, the computing ions will be moved to the cooling region to perform ion state readout and ion cooling processes in the cooling region.

[0025] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the timing control module is further configured to control the probe light to irradiate the computational ion during the first working period, control the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion during the second working period, and control the ion detection module to collect the photons radiated by the computational ion after controlling the probe light to stop irradiating the computational ion; wherein, the start time of the first working period is the start time of the ion state readout process; the start time of the second working period is the start time of the ion state readout process, or any time between the start time (excluding) and the end time (excluding) of the ion state readout process; the difference between the duration of the first working period and the excited state lifetime of the computational ion is less than the first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold.

[0026] It should be noted that the specific values of the first working period, the second working period, the first preset threshold, and the second preset threshold can be set according to the actual situation and are not particularly limited. Among them, the first working period is much shorter than the excited state lifetime of the computational ion, while the second working period is comparable to the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion, or the second working period is greater than the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion. Exemplarily, the difference between the first working period and the excited state lifetime of the computational ion is at least one order of magnitude. The second working period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion are of the same order of magnitude.

[0027] In the embodiment of the present application, during the ion state readout process, by controlling the probe light to irradiate the computational ion in the relatively short first working period, and after the probe light stops irradiating the computational ion, controlling the ion detection module to start collecting the photons radiated by the computational ion, the two processes of probe light irradiation and quantum state readout are distinguished in time, thereby avoiding the noise caused by the probe light to the quantum state readout process. In addition, during the ion state readout process, controlling the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion in the second working period to achieve cooperative cooling of the computational ion, so as to realize partial or complete overlap of the two processes of ion state readout and cooling, can effectively shorten the quantum computing time.

[0028] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the beam output module includes a first laser, a second laser, a first optical switch, and a second optical switch, wherein the first laser is used to generate the probe light; the second laser is used to generate the cooling light; the first optical switch is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the probe light and the computational ion according to the control signal of the timing control module; the second optical switch is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ion according to the control signal of the timing control module.

[0029] In a possible structure of the beam output module, a first laser and a second laser can be respectively used to generate the probe light and the cooling light. Correspondingly, a first optical switch and a second optical switch are set to control the output of the probe light and the cooling light, so that the timing control module can control whether the beam output module outputs the probe light and / or the cooling light.

[0030] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the beam output module includes a third laser, a first optical modulator, a second optical modulator, a first optical switch and a second optical switch. Among them, the third laser is used to generate a first beam; the first optical modulator is used to perform frequency shifting on the first beam to obtain the probe light; the second optical modulator is used to perform frequency shifting on the first beam to obtain the cooling light; the first optical switch is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the probe light and the computing ions according to the control signal of the timing control module; the second optical switch is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ions according to the control signal of the timing control module.

[0031] In another possible structure of the beam output module, a first beam can be first generated by a third laser, and then frequency shifting processing can be respectively performed by a first optical modulator and a second optical modulator to obtain the probe light and the cooling light. Exemplarily, the first beam can be a beam with a wavelength close to that of the probe light and / or the cooling light. In this beam output module, the number of lasers used can be saved, and the quantum computing cost can be reduced.

[0032] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the beam output module includes a fourth laser, a third optical modulator, a first optical switch and a second optical switch. Among them, the fourth laser is used to generate the probe light or the cooling light; the third optical modulator is used to perform frequency shifting on the probe light to obtain the cooling light, or perform frequency shifting on the cooling light to obtain the probe light; the first optical switch is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the probe light and the computing ions according to the control signal of the timing control module; the second optical switch is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ions according to the control signal of the timing control module.

[0033] In another possible structure of the beam output module, the probe light or the cooling light is first generated by a fourth laser, and then the probe light is frequency shifted by a third optical modulator to obtain the cooling light, or the cooling light is frequency shifted by a third optical modulator to obtain the probe light. This beam output module can effectively save the number of optical modulators used and further reduce the quantum computing cost.

[0034] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the timing control module is further configured to control the first optical switch to be turned on during the first working time period, control the second optical switch to be turned on during the second working time period, and control the ion detection module to collect and calculate the photons radiated by the ions after the first optical switch is turned off; wherein, the starting moment of the first working time period is the starting moment of the ion state reading process; the starting moment of the second working time period is the starting moment of the ion state reading process, or any moment between the starting moment and the ending moment of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the calculated ions is less than the first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ions is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold.

[0035] In an embodiment of the present application, when the beam output module includes a first optical switch and a second optical switch, the timing control module controls the on / off of the first optical switch and the second optical switch, and whether the ion detection module works, according to the first working time period and the second working time period, so as to distinguish the two processes of probe light irradiation and quantum state reading in time, thereby avoiding the noise caused by the probe light to the quantum state reading process.

[0036] In a second aspect, a quantum computing control method is further provided, and the method includes the following steps: during the ion state reading process, control the probe light to irradiate the calculated ions to induce the calculated ions to radiate photons, and during the ion state reading process, control the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions; wherein, the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions are trapped in a vacuum system, the calculated ions are used to store and read quantum information, the auxiliary ions are used to cooperatively cool the calculated ions, and the transition wavelengths of the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions are different; the wavelength of the probe light is the transition wavelength of the calculated ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions; during the ion state reading process, control to collect the photons radiated by the calculated ions to determine the quantum state of the calculated ions.

[0037] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions are different isotopes of the same element.

[0038] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the quantum computing control method further includes: performing quantum manipulation on the calculated ions before controlling the probe light to irradiate the calculated ions.

[0039] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the quantum computing control method further includes: preparing the calculated ions to an initial state before performing quantum manipulation on the calculated ions.

[0040] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the quantum computing control method further includes: before initially preparing the computing ion to an initial state, controlling cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion to co-cool the computing ion.

[0041] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the quantum computing control method further includes: before collecting photons radiated by the computing ion, filtering at least one of the probe light, the cooling light, and photons radiated by the auxiliary ion.

[0042] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the quantum computing control method further includes: before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ion, confining the computing ion in a computing region in a vacuum system; and / or, before co-cooling the auxiliary ion, confining the computing ion and the auxiliary ion in a cooling region in the vacuum system.

[0043] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, during a first working time period, controlling the probe light to irradiate the computing ion, and during a second working time period, controlling the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion, and after controlling the probe light to stop irradiating the computing ion, controlling to collect photons radiated by the computing ion; wherein, the starting moment of the first working time period is the starting moment of the ion state readout process; the starting moment of the second working time period is the starting moment of the ion state readout process, or any moment between the starting moment and the ending moment of the ion state readout process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the computing ion is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

[0044] In a third aspect, there is also provided a quantum computing control method, which is applied to a timing control module in an ion trap device. The ion trap device further includes an ion confinement module, a beam output module, and an ion detection module. The ion confinement module confines a computing ion and an auxiliary ion. The computing ion is used to store and read quantum information, and the auxiliary ion is used to co-cool the computing ion. The transition wavelength of the computing ion is different from the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ion. The quantum computing control method includes the following steps: during the ion state readout process, controlling the beam output module to irradiate the computing ion with the probe light to induce the computing ion to radiate photons, and during the ion state readout process, controlling the beam output module to irradiate the auxiliary ion with the cooling light to co-cool the computing ion; the wavelength of the probe light is the transition wavelength of the computing ion, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ion; during the ion state readout process, controlling the ion detection module to collect photons radiated by the computing ion to determine the quantum state of the computing ion.

[0045] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the computing ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

[0046] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the ion trap device further includes an ion manipulation module, and the quantum computing control method further includes: before controlling the probe light to irradiate the computing ions, controlling the ion manipulation module to perform quantum manipulation on the computing ions.

[0047] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the quantum computing control method further includes: before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ions, controlling the beam output module to prepare the computing ions into an initial state.

[0048] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the quantum computing control method further includes: before first preparing the computing ions into an initial state, controlling the beam output module to irradiate the cooling light to the auxiliary ions to co-cool the computing ions.

[0049] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the ion trap device further includes a filter disposed before the ion detection module, and the quantum computing control method further includes: before collecting the photons radiated by the computing ions, using the filter to filter out at least one of the probe light, the cooling light, and the photons radiated by the auxiliary ions.

[0050] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the quantum computing control method further includes: before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ions, controlling the ion trapping module to trap the computing ions in the computing region in the ion trapping module; and / or, before co-cooling the auxiliary ions, controlling the ion trapping module to trap the computing ions and the auxiliary ions in the cooling region in the ion trapping module.

[0051] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, control the probe light to irradiate the computing ions during the first working time period, control the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ions during the second working time period, and after controlling the probe light to stop irradiating the computing ions, control the ion detection module to collect the photons radiated by the computing ions; wherein, the starting moment of the first working time period is the starting moment of the ion state reading process; the starting moment of the second working time period is the starting moment of the ion state reading process, or any moment between the starting moment and the ending moment of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the computing ions is less than the first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ions is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold.

[0052] Fourth aspect, there is also provided a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the quantum computing control method described in the second aspect.

[0053] Fifth aspect, there is also provided a computer program product containing instructions, which when the computer program product runs on a computer, causes the computer to execute the quantum computing control method described in the second aspect.

[0054] For the technical solutions provided in the second to fifth aspects of this application, the beneficial effects of some embodiments can refer to the beneficial effects of the technical solution in the first aspect, which will not be elaborated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] The following introduces the drawings used in the embodiments of this application.

[0056] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of ion trap quantum computing in the prior art;

[0057] Figure 2a 、 Figure 2b is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3a is a schematic flow chart of a quantum computing control method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 3b is a control sequence diagram of a computing ion and an auxiliary ion provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 3c is Figure 3b a comparison diagram of the timing and the prior art timing;

[0061] Figure 3d is another control sequence diagram of a computing ion and an auxiliary ion provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 4 is a control sequence diagram of an ion state readout and an ion cooling process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 5a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 5b is a specific schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 7a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 7bIt is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] Figure 8a It is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Figure 8b It is Figure 8a a control sequence diagram of an ion state readout and an ion cooling process;

[0070] Figure 9a It is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0071] Figure 9b It is Figure 9a a timing diagram;

[0072] Figure 10 It is a schematic flowchart of a quantum computing control method provided by an embodiment of the present application. Specific embodiments

[0073] Next, the technical solutions in the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs. In case of inconsistency, the meaning described in this specification or the meaning obtained according to the content recorded in this specification shall prevail. In addition, the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0074] For ease of understanding, some explanations of concepts related to the embodiments of the present application are given below by way of example for reference. As described below:

[0075] (1) Energy level

[0076] The energy level theory is a theory that explains the motion orbits of electrons outside the atomic nucleus. It believes that electrons can only move in specific, discrete orbits, and electrons in each orbit have discrete energies, and these energy values are the energy levels. In other words, in an atom, each definite energy state of an electron is called an energy level. The energy level can also be called an "energy state".

[0077] (2) Ground state, excited state

[0078] The ground state is the state in which, under normal conditions, the electrons in an atom only move in the energy level closest to the nucleus and with the lowest energy. This state of motion is called the ground state of the atom.

[0079] The excited state is the state in which, in an atom, an electron receives energy and jumps from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, and this higher energy state is called the excited state.

[0080] (3) Transition

[0081] A transition is a process in which the state of a quantum mechanical system changes in a discontinuous manner. The process in which an atom jumps from a high (low) energy state to a low (high) energy state under the irradiation of light and emits (absorbs) photons is a typical quantum transition. Even without the irradiation of light, an excited atom can also transition to a lower energy state and emit photons (spontaneous emission) under the action of vacuum zero-point fluctuations. In addition to the radiation process, other scattering processes, decay processes, etc. also belong to quantum transitions. Additionally, the wavelength of the light that causes an atom or ion, etc. to transition is called the transition wavelength of the atom or ion, etc.

[0082] Quantum transition is a probabilistic process, which is a fundamental characteristic of quantum laws. Taking the atomic energy level transition as an example, it is impossible to predict at what moment a certain atom will undergo a transition. Some atomic transitions may occur earlier, and some may occur later. Therefore, the lifetimes of atoms in the excited state are not uniform, but for a large number of atoms, the average lifetime of the excited state is determined and can be measured experimentally and calculated theoretically.

[0083] (4) Quantum Computing

[0084] Quantum computing is a new type of computing mode that follows the laws of quantum mechanics to regulate quantum information units for computing. In contrast to traditional general-purpose computers, whose theoretical model is the universal Turing machine; for general quantum computers, the theoretical model is the universal Turing machine reinterpreted by the laws of quantum mechanics. From the perspective of computable problems, quantum computers can only solve the problems that traditional computers can solve. However, in terms of computing efficiency, due to the existence of quantum mechanical superposition, some known quantum algorithms are faster than traditional general-purpose computers when dealing with problems.

[0085] The principle of superposition of quantum mechanical states enables the states of quantum information units to be in a superposition state of multiple possibilities, resulting in greater potential for quantum information processing in terms of efficiency compared to classical information processing. A 2-bit register in an ordinary computer can only store one of the four binary numbers (00, 01, 10, 11) at a certain time, while a 2-bit qubit register in a quantum computer can store the superposition state of these four states simultaneously. As the number of qubits increases, for n qubits, quantum information can be in a superposition of 2 possible states. Combining with the parallelism of quantum mechanical evolution, it can show a faster processing speed than traditional computers.

[0086] (5) Quantum State

[0087] In quantum physics, a quantum state describes the state of an isolated system and contains all the information of the system. For example, according to Born's statistical interpretation of the wave function, as long as the information of the quantum state of the system is known, the results of measurements on the system can be given. Quantum states include pure states and mixed states.

[0088] (6)Ionic crystal

[0089] A crystal formed by positive and negative ions or positive and negative ion groups combined by ionic bonds in a certain proportion is called an ionic crystal.

[0090] (7)Sympathetic cooling

[0091] Sympathetic cooling (interaction cooling) is achieved by using laser-cooled atomic ions as charged "buffer gases" for cooling. At least two different samples are simultaneously trapped in an ion trap. One sample can be directly cooled by laser, and the remaining samples (or a part of them) are finally cooled through the long-range Coulomb interaction between the samples.

[0092] Exemplarily, two kinds of ions are simultaneously trapped in an ion trap and form a one-dimensional long chain. One ion is cooled by laser, and the other is cooled by Coulomb interaction. Since the two ions have different energy level structures, the cooling laser does not change the state of the other ion.

[0093] (8)Doppler cooling

[0094] Doppler cooling uses the Doppler effect to select photons with specific velocities and decelerates them through absorption and scattering processes. Exemplarily, this technique is applicable to ions with relatively high velocities.

[0095] (9)Sideband cooling

[0096] In the sideband cooling technique, faster cooling is achieved by coherently manipulating the motion of ions.

[0097] (10)Electromagnetically induced transparency cooling

[0098] Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), that is, electromagnetically induced transparency cooling, generally uses two beams of light to simultaneously irradiate an atomic medium (such as a gas composed of a large number of atoms), so that one of the light beams can pass through the atomic medium without absorption and reflection when it resonates with the atomic transition. The EIT cooling technique uses the coherence of a three-level system to cool multiple motion modes simultaneously.

[0099] The above exemplary descriptions of the concepts can be applied to the embodiments below.

[0100] In the existing ion trap quantum computing timing sequence, the two processes of ion state readout and ion cooling each require a part of the time, resulting in a relatively long time consumption for the entire quantum computing timing sequence, which greatly limits the operating speed of the ion trap quantum computer.

[0101] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides an ion trap device and at least two ion calculation methods. Among them, since partial or complete overlap of the ion state readout process and the ion cooling process is achieved, the quantum calculation time can be effectively shortened, and the operation speed of the quantum computer can be improved.

[0102] The ion trap device will be specifically described below:

[0103] Refer to Figure 2a 、 Figure 2b , Figure 2a 、 Figure 2b FIG. 、FIG. are schematic structural diagrams of an ion trap device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0104] In an embodiment of the present application, the ion trap device includes an ion confinement module 206, a light beam output module 205, a timing control module 204, and an ion detection module 201, where:

[0105] The ion confinement module 206 is used to confine calculation ions and auxiliary ions. The calculation ions are used to store and read quantum information, and the auxiliary ions are used to cooperatively cool the calculation ions. There is a Coulomb interaction between the calculation ions and the auxiliary ions, and a spatial structure can be spontaneously formed, including a one-dimensional long chain, a two-dimensional plane, etc. The calculation ions serve as manipulation qubits, and the auxiliary ions serve as auxiliary qubits for cooling. Since the types of the two ions are different, their transition wavelengths are also different.

[0106] The timing control module 204 is used to control the light beam output module 205 to irradiate the detection light 202 onto the calculation ions to induce the calculation ions to emit photons during the ion state readout process, and control the light beam output module 205 to irradiate the cooling light 203 onto the auxiliary ions to cool the auxiliary ions during the ion state readout process, and then cooperatively cool the calculation ions according to the Coulomb interaction; the wavelength of the detection light 202 is the transition wavelength of the calculation ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light 203 is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions.

[0107] The ion detection module 201 is used to collect the photons emitted by the calculation ions during the ion state readout process to determine the quantum state of the calculation ions. Since the transition wavelengths of the two ions, namely the calculation ions and the auxiliary ions, are different, there is no crosstalk during the readout process.

[0108] Optionally, the above-mentioned calculation ions and auxiliary ions are ions of two different elements. Exemplarily, the calculation ions are ions of hydrogen element (or silicon element, or phosphorus element, etc.), and the auxiliary ions are ions of lithium element (or magnesium element, or calcium element, etc.).

[0109] Additionally, optionally, the calculating ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element. Exemplarily, the calculating ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of hydrogen element, where the isotopes of hydrogen element are protium (hydrogen-1, H), deuterium (hydrogen-2, heavy hydrogen, D), and tritium (hydrogen-3, superheavy hydrogen, T). Another example is that the calculating ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of silicon element, where the isotopes of silicon element are silicon-28, silicon-29, and silicon-30.

[0110] It should be noted that the cooling light can be at least one of the cooling lights such as Doppler cooling light, sideband cooling light, and EIT cooling light. Exemplarily, the timing control module 204 is composed of unit circuits such as a power control circuit, a power conversion circuit, a mechanical dial timing circuit, and a digital trigger.

[0111] In the embodiment of the present application, during the ion state readout process, the probe light is controlled to irradiate the calculating ion to induce the calculating ion to emit photons, and during the ion state readout process, the cooling light is controlled to start irradiating the auxiliary ion to cool the auxiliary ion to further cooperatively cool the calculating ion. Compared with the prior art where the ion state readout and ion cooling are executed separately and each occupies a part of the time, in the embodiment of the present application, by controlling the partial or complete overlap of the ion state readout process and the ion cooling process, the quantum calculation time consumption can be effectively shortened, and the operation speed of the quantum computer can be improved.

[0112] In some possible implementation manners, referring to Figure 2b , the ion trap device further includes a filter 207 disposed before the ion detection module 201, and the filter 207 is used to filter at least one of the photons radiated by the probe light, the cooling light, and the auxiliary ion.

[0113] In the embodiment of the present application, the filter 207 being disposed before the ion detection module 201 should not be simply understood as the front and back positions. "Before" can be understood as before the ion detection module 201 receives the photons radiated by the calculating ion. The filter is provided to filter out stray light (such as at least one of the photons radiated by the probe light, the cooling light, and the auxiliary ion), reduce the readout signal-to-noise ratio of the quantum state, effectively improve the detection accuracy of the ion detection module, and thus ensure the result accuracy of the quantum calculation.

[0114] In some possible implementation manners, referring to Figure 2b , in the embodiment of the present application, the ion trap device further includes an ion manipulation module, and the ion manipulation module is used to perform quantum manipulation on the calculating ion; and the timing control module 204 is further used to control the ion manipulation module to perform quantum manipulation on the calculating ion before controlling the beam output module 205 to irradiate the probe light to the calculating ion.

[0115] Referring to Figure 3a , Figure 3aIt is a schematic flowchart of a quantum computing control method provided by an embodiment of the present application; in the embodiment of the present application, before reading the state of the computing ion (i.e., quantum state reading), quantum manipulation of the computing ion is required. In other words, the quantum manipulation process can be understood as the quantum computing process, and the ion state reading process can be understood as the result reading process of the quantum computing process. Further, the quantum computing process may include at least one process, such as addition process or subtraction process and other processing operations. Since the energy level structures of the computing ion and the auxiliary ion are different, the manipulation of the computing ion will not affect the auxiliary ion.

[0116] Exemplarily, the manipulation means of the ion manipulation module may be microwave or laser, etc. Therefore, when the laser manipulation means is adopted, the ion manipulation light can be output by the light beam output module to perform quantum manipulation on the computing ion. When the microwave manipulation means is adopted, the ion manipulation module is a microwave output module, which can receive the control of the timing control module 204 and output microwave to perform quantum manipulation on the computing ion.

[0117] In some possible implementation manners, the timing control module is further configured to control the light beam output module to prepare the computing ion into an initial state before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ion.

[0118] Reference Figure 3a , in the embodiment of the present application, before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ion, the computing ion needs to be initialized, that is, the computing ion is prepared into an initial state. Among them, the initial state (i.e., the initial state) is a preset state, and the specific initial state can be set according to the actual situation. Initializing the computing ion into the initial state can be understood as a "reset" operation. After resetting, quantum manipulation of the computing ion can be continued.

[0119] In some possible implementation manners, the timing control module is further configured to control the light beam output module to irradiate the cooling light to the auxiliary ion to cooperatively cool the computing ion before the computing ion is first prepared into the initial state.

[0120] Reference Figure 3a , in the embodiment of the present application, before the computing ion is first prepared into the initial state, the computing ion needs to be cooled. Among them, the purpose of cooling the computing ion is to reduce the thermal motion of the computing ion, thereby improving the fidelity of quantum manipulation.

[0121] The further description is as follows, reference Figure 3a, during the quantum computing process, it is necessary to first use the ion trapping module to trap the computing ions and the auxiliary ions, that is, the ion trapping module can be used to prepare a mixed ion crystal composed of the computing ions and the auxiliary ions. Before starting the quantum computing, it is necessary to cool the computing ions first. In the embodiments of the present application, the auxiliary ions are cooled by using cooling light, and then the computing ions are co-cooled by using the Coulomb interaction. Then, after initialization, quantum manipulation, quantum state readout, and co-cooling, a quantum computing can be completed. After that, the cooling effect of the computing ions can be checked. When it is determined that the computing ions have been cooled to the ground state, the next time sequence can be entered for quantum computing. In the subsequent time sequences, the processes of initialization, quantum manipulation, quantum state readout, and co-cooling are repeated.

[0122] It should be noted that the moment when the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ions can be any moment between the start moment (including) and the end moment (excluding) of the ion state readout process. And for the moment when the cooling light ends irradiating the auxiliary ions, it can be the moment after a preset time of irradiating the auxiliary ions. The specific size of this preset time can be set according to the actual situation. As long as it is ensured that the total time of the ion state readout process and the irradiation time of the cooling light is shorter than the total time of the state readout and cooling processes carried out separately in the prior art. Exemplarily, this preset time is the time consumed by the ion state readout process.

[0123] Optionally, when the moment when the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ions is the start moment of the ion state readout process, the moment when the cooling light ends irradiating the auxiliary ions can be the moment after a preset time of irradiating the auxiliary ions. Exemplarily, when the moment when the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ions is the start moment of the ion state readout process, the moment when the cooling light ends irradiating the auxiliary ions can be the end moment of the ion state readout process. Exemplarily, the start moment of the ion state readout process is the moment when the probe light starts to irradiate the computing ions, refer to Figure 3b , Figure 3b is a control sequence diagram of the computing ions and the auxiliary ions provided by the embodiments of the present application; wherein, the working time of the cooling light and the probe light is the same. In this way, refer to Figure 3c , Figure 3c is Figure 3b a comparison diagram of the time sequence and the prior art time sequence; during a single run, compared with the situation in the prior art where the ion state readout and ion cooling need to occupy two parts of time, by using the quantum computing control method of the embodiments of the present application, the ion state readout and ion cooling processes are simultaneously completed during the original ion state readout process, realizing the full overlap of the ion state readout process and the ion cooling process, which can effectively shorten the quantum computing time consumption. Specifically, in the prior quantum computing time sequence, the cooling and detection processes are separated, and the time consumption is 2 milliseconds. By using Figure 3bIn terms of timing, the ion cooling and ion state readout processes are combined to reduce the time consumption to less than 1 millisecond. For example, for a typical sequence where the cooling and ion state readout take 1 millisecond and the manipulation takes 100 microseconds, using Figure 3b timing can improve the efficiency by about 48%.

[0124] In addition, optionally, when the start time of the cooling light irradiating the auxiliary ion is any time between the start time (excluding) and the end time (excluding) of the ion state readout process, the end time of the cooling light stopping irradiating the auxiliary ion can be the time after the above preset time of irradiating the auxiliary ion. Refer to Figure 3d , Figure 3d which is another control sequence diagram of the calculation ion and the auxiliary ion provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3d In , after the probe light starts irradiating the calculation ion for t time, the cooling light starts irradiating the auxiliary ion. In this way, compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present application can realize partial overlap of the ion state readout process and the ion cooling process, and can effectively shorten the quantum calculation time consumption.

[0125] In some possible implementation manners, the timing control module is further configured to control the probe light to irradiate the calculation ion in the first working time period, control the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion in the second working time period, and control the ion detection module to collect the photons radiated by the calculation ion after controlling the probe light to stop irradiating the calculation ion.

[0126] In the ion state readout process of the embodiment of the present application, by controlling the probe light to irradiate the calculation ion in a short first working time period, and after the probe light stops irradiating the calculation ion, controlling the ion detection module to start collecting the photons radiated by the calculation ion, the two processes of probe light irradiation and quantum state readout are distinguished in time, so as to avoid the noise caused by the probe light to the quantum state readout process. In addition, in the ion state readout process, controlling the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion in the second working time period to realize cooperative cooling of the calculation ion, so as to realize partial or complete overlap of the ion state readout and cooling processes, and can effectively shorten the quantum calculation time consumption.

[0127] Wherein, the start time of the first working time period is the start time of the ion state readout process; the start time of the second working time period is the start time of the ion state readout process, or any time between the start time (excluding) and the end time (excluding) of the ion state readout process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the calculation ion is less than the first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold.

[0128] It should be noted that the specific values of the first working time period, the second working time period, the first preset threshold, and the second preset threshold can be set according to the actual situation and are not particularly limited. Among them, the first working time period is much smaller than the excited state lifetime of the calculated ion, and the second working time period is comparable to the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion, or the second working time period is greater than the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion. Exemplarily, there is at least an order of magnitude difference between the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the calculated ion; the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion are of the same order of magnitude.

[0129] In addition, the working duration for the ion detection module to collect photons to determine the quantum state of the calculated ion can be set according to the actual situation. The sum of the first working time period and the working duration of the ion detection module is the total time of the ion state readout process in a quantum computing process.

[0130] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a control sequence diagram of an ion state readout and an ion cooling process provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 In , taking the complete overlap of the ion state readout and the ion cooling as an example, among them, the probe light and the cooling light start working simultaneously, and after the probe light works for the first time period, the ion detection module is controlled to start working, and the cooling light and the ion detection module stop working simultaneously.

[0131] In some possible implementation manners, reference Figure 5a , Figure 5a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided by an embodiment of the present application; among them, the beam output module 205 includes a first laser 501, a second laser 503, a first optical switch 502, and a second optical switch 504. Among them, the first laser 501 is used to generate the probe light, the second laser 503 is used to generate the cooling light, the first optical switch 502 is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the probe light and the calculated ion according to the control signal of the timing control module 204; the second optical switch 504 is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ion according to the control signal of the timing control module 204. In addition, the first laser 501 can also be used to generate ion manipulation light to perform ion manipulation on the calculated ion under the control of the timing control module. Further, when it is necessary to initialize the calculated ion, the first laser 501 can also be used to generate initialization light to initialize the calculated ion under the control of the timing control module. Among them, since the probe light, the ion manipulation light, and the initialization light are all for the calculated ion, although there are differences in the wavelengths of the three lights, the differences are not significant, and the same laser, that is, the first laser, can be used to achieve this.

[0132] In a possible structure of the beam output module, the first laser 501 and the second laser 503 can be respectively used to generate the detection light and the cooling light. Correspondingly, since the wavelengths of the detection light and the cooling light are different, the first optical switch 502 and the second optical switch 504 are respectively set to control the output of the detection light and the cooling light, so that the timing control module 204 can control whether the beam output module 205 outputs the detection light and / or the cooling light.

[0133] Further, referring to Figure 5a and Figure 5b , Figure 5b is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided by an embodiment of the present application; among them, the optical filter 207 can be implemented by using an optical filter 505, and the ion detection module 201 can be implemented by using a photon detector 506. The A ions in the ion crystal are calculation ions, and the B ions are auxiliary ions.

[0134] In some possible implementation manners, referring to Figure 6 , Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided by an embodiment of the present application; the beam output module 205 includes a third laser 603, a first optical modulator 601, a second optical modulator 604, a first optical switch 602 and a second optical switch 605, wherein the third laser 603 is used to generate a first beam; the first optical modulator 601 is used to perform frequency shift processing on the first beam to obtain the detection light; the second optical modulator 604 is used to perform frequency shift processing on the first beam to obtain the cooling light; the first optical switch 602 is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the detection light and the calculation ions according to the control signal of the timing control module 204; the second optical switch 605 is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ions according to the control signal of the timing control module 204. The A ions in the ion crystal are calculation ions, and the B ions are auxiliary ions.

[0135] In another possible structure of the beam output module, the first beam can be generated by the third laser 603 first, and then the first optical modulator 601 and the second optical modulator 604 are respectively used for frequency shift processing to obtain the detection light and the cooling light. Exemplarily, the first beam can be a beam with a wavelength close to that of the detection light and / or the cooling light. In this beam output module, the number of lasers used can be saved, and the quantum computing cost can be reduced.

[0136] Further, when the calculation ions and the auxiliary ions are different isotopes of the same element, since the transition wavelength difference between the two isotopes is usually in the order of hundreds of MHz to GHz, frequency shift can be achieved through an optical modulator, that is, Figure 6The beam output module 205 as shown outputs the probe light and the cooling light. The difference between the transition wavelengths of the probe light and the cooling light is much greater than the linewidth of the ion excited state energy level, so there will be no crosstalk in the manipulation of the two isotopes.

[0137] In some possible implementation manners, refer to Figure 7a , Figure 7a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided by an embodiment of the present application; the beam output module 205 includes a fourth laser 703, a third optical modulator 701, a first optical switch 702, and a second optical switch 704. Among them, the fourth laser 703 is used to generate the probe light; the third optical modulator 701 is used to perform frequency shift processing on the probe light to obtain the cooling light; the first optical switch 702 is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the probe light and the calculation ions according to the control signal of the timing control module 204; the second optical switch 704 is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ions according to the control signal of the timing control module 204. The A ions in the ion crystal are the calculation ions, and the B ions are the auxiliary ions.

[0138] In another possible structure of the beam output module, the probe light is first generated by the fourth laser, and then the probe light is frequency shifted by the third optical modulator to obtain the cooling light. This beam output module can effectively save the number of optical modulators used and further reduce the quantum computing cost.

[0139] In some possible implementation manners, refer to Figure 7b , Figure 7b is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided by an embodiment of the present application; the beam output module 205 includes a fourth laser 703, a third optical modulator 701, a first optical switch 702, and a second optical switch 704. Among them, the fourth laser 703 is used to generate the cooling light; the third optical modulator 701 is used to perform frequency shift processing on the cooling light to obtain the probe light; the first optical switch 702 is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the probe light and the calculation ions according to the control signal of the timing control module 204; the second optical switch 704 is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ions according to the control signal of the timing control module 204. The A ions in the ion crystal are the calculation ions, and the B ions are the auxiliary ions.

[0140] In another possible structure of the beam output module, the cooling light is first generated by the fourth laser, and then the cooling light is frequency shifted by the third optical modulator to obtain the probe light. This beam output module can effectively save the number of optical modulators used and further reduce the quantum computing cost.

[0141] In some possible implementation manners, taking Figure 8aFor example, the timing control module 204 is further configured to control the first optical switch 801 to turn on during the first working time period, control the second optical switch 802 to turn on during the second working time period, and control the ion detection module (such as the photon detector 506) to collect and calculate the photons radiated by the ions after the first optical switch 801 is turned off; wherein, the start time of the first working time period is the start time of the ion state reading process; the start time of the second working time period is the start time of the ion state reading process, or any time between the start time and the end time of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the calculated ions is less than the first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ions is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold. The A ions in the ion crystal are the calculated ions, and the B ions are the auxiliary ions.

[0142] In the embodiment of the present application, when the beam output module includes a first optical switch and a second optical switch (such as Figure 5a , Figure 5b , Figure 6 , Figure 7a , Figure 7b , Figure 8a etc.), the timing control module 204 controls the conduction and disconnection of the first optical switch and the second optical switch, and whether the ion detection module works according to the first working time period and the second working time period, so as to distinguish the two processes of probe light irradiation and quantum state reading in time, thereby avoiding the noise caused by the probe light to the quantum state reading process.

[0143] Further, referring to Figure 8a and Figure 8b , Figure 8b is Figure 8a a control sequence diagram of an ion state reading and an ion cooling process; Figure 8b In , taking the complete overlap of ion state reading and ion cooling as an example, at the beginning of the sequence, a cooling light is applied to the B ions, and the entire ion chain is cooled through the Coulomb interaction between the A and B ions. Then, relevant quantum manipulations are performed on the A ions. Since the energy level structures of the two types of ions are different, the manipulation of the A ions will not affect the B ions. When reading the A ions, the cooling light B is turned on at the same time. The timing control module generates a short pulse to control the first optical switch, and pumps the A ions to the excited state in a short time. The first optical switch quickly turns off the probe light A to further reduce the stray light caused by the probe light. After the first working time period of the probe light, the photon detector is controlled to start working, and the cooling light and the photon detector stop working at the same time.

[0144] In some possible embodiments, the computing ions and the auxiliary ions are not distinguished by region and are jointly trapped in the ion trap module. Exemplarily, at this time, the ion trap module may include an electromagnetic field that traps the computing ions and the auxiliary ions simultaneously.

[0145] In some possible embodiments, referring to Figure 9a , Figure 9a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided by an embodiment of the present application; the ion trap module includes a computing region and a cooling region. Exemplarily, at this time, the ion trap module may include two electromagnetic fields, one for the electromagnetic field in the computing region and the other for the electromagnetic field in the cooling region. The A ions in the ion crystal are computing ions, and the B ions are auxiliary ions. The A ions can be moved between the computing region and the cooling region by regulating the electric field. At this time, the timing control module is further configured to control the ion trap module to trap the computing ions in the computing region before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ions; at this time, the ion trap module can be controlled to trap the auxiliary ions in the cooling region, and the computing ions and the auxiliary ions are trapped in two regions respectively. Storing different types of ions in separate regions can reduce the crosstalk of the process of manipulating the computing ions to the auxiliary ions. Alternatively, at this time, the ion trap module can also be controlled to trap the auxiliary ions in the computing region. At this time, the process of manipulating the computing ions may cause certain interference to the auxiliary ions. In addition, the timing control module is further configured to control the ion trap module to trap the computing ions in the computing region before initializing the computing ions, so as to initialize the computing ions separately.

[0146] And / or,

[0147] The timing control module is further configured to control the ion trap module to trap the computing ions and the auxiliary ions in the cooling region before co-cooling the auxiliary ions. Among them, whether it is to cool the auxiliary ions to achieve co-cooling before the computing ions are first prepared to the initial state, or to cool the auxiliary ions to achieve co-cooling during the ion state reading process, in both of the above two cases, the ion trap module can be controlled to trap the computing ions and the auxiliary ions in the cooling region. Optionally, referring to Figure 9b , Figure 9b is Figure 9a the timing diagram of

[0148] Referring toFigure 10 , Figure 10 is a schematic flowchart of a quantum computing control method provided by an embodiment of the present application; an embodiment of the present application provides a quantum computing control method, including the following steps:

[0149] 1001. During the ion state reading process, control the probe light to irradiate the computing ion to induce the computing ion to emit photons, and during the ion state reading process, control the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion to cooperatively cool the computing ion; wherein, the computing ion and the auxiliary ion are trapped in a vacuum system, the computing ion is used to store and read quantum information, the auxiliary ion is used to cooperatively cool the computing ion, and the transition wavelengths of the computing ion and the auxiliary ion are different; the wavelength of the probe light is the transition wavelength of the computing ion, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ion;

[0150] 1002. During the ion state reading process, control to collect the photons emitted by the computing ion to determine the quantum state of the computing ion.

[0151] In some possible implementation manners, the computing ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

[0152] In some possible implementation manners, the quantum computing control method further includes: performing quantum manipulation on the computing ion before controlling the probe light to irradiate the computing ion.

[0153] In some possible implementation manners, the quantum computing control method further includes: preparing the computing ion to an initial state before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ion.

[0154] In some possible implementation manners, the quantum computing control method further includes: controlling the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion to cooperatively cool the computing ion before first preparing the computing ion to the initial state.

[0155] In some possible implementation manners, the quantum computing control method further includes: filtering at least one of the probe light, the cooling light, and the photons emitted by the auxiliary ion before collecting the photons emitted by the computing ion.

[0156] In some possible implementation manners, the quantum computing control method further includes:

[0157] trapping the computing ion in the computing area of the vacuum system before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ion;

[0158] and / or,

[0159] trapping the computing ion and the auxiliary ion in the cooling area of the vacuum system before performing cooperative cooling on the auxiliary ion.

[0160] In some possible embodiments, during a first working time period, control the probe light to irradiate the computing ion, and during a second working time period, control the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion. After controlling the probe light to stop irradiating the computing ion, control the collection of photons radiated by the computing ion;

[0161] Wherein, the starting moment of the first working time period is the starting moment of the ion state reading process; the starting moment of the second working time period is the starting moment of the ion state reading process, or any moment between the starting moment and the ending moment of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the computing ion is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

[0162] For the specific description and beneficial effects of the quantum computing control method according to the embodiments of the present application, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of the above ion trap device embodiments, and details are not repeated here.

[0163] In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a quantum computing control method, which is applied to a timing control module in an ion trap device. The ion trap device further includes an ion trapping module, a beam output module, and an ion detection module. The ion trapping module traps a computing ion and an auxiliary ion. The computing ion is used to store and read quantum information, and the auxiliary ion is used to cooperate in cooling the computing ion. The transition wavelengths of the computing ion and the auxiliary ion are different.

[0164] The quantum computing control method includes the following steps:

[0165] During the ion state reading process, control the beam output module to irradiate the probe light to the computing ion to induce the computing ion to radiate photons, and during the ion state reading process, control the beam output module to irradiate the cooling light to the auxiliary ion to cooperate in cooling the computing ion; the wavelength of the probe light is the transition wavelength of the computing ion, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ion;

[0166] During the ion state reading process, control the ion detection module to collect the photons radiated by the computing ion to determine the quantum state of the computing ion.

[0167] In some possible embodiments, the computing ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

[0168] In some possible embodiments, the ion trap device further includes an ion manipulation module. At this time, the quantum computing control method further includes: before controlling the probe light to irradiate the computing ion, control the ion manipulation module to perform quantum manipulation on the computing ion.

[0169] In some possible embodiments, the quantum computing control method further includes: before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ions, controlling the beam output module to prepare the computing ions into an initial state.

[0170] In some possible embodiments, the quantum computing control method further includes: before first preparing the computing ions into an initial state, controlling the beam output module to irradiate cooling light onto the auxiliary ions to co-cool the computing ions.

[0171] In some possible embodiments, the ion trap device further includes a filter disposed before the ion detection module. At this time, the quantum computing control method further includes: before collecting the photons radiated by the computing ions, using the filter to filter out at least one of the detection light, the cooling light, and the photons radiated by the auxiliary ions.

[0172] In some possible embodiments, the quantum computing control method further includes:

[0173] Before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ions, controlling the ion confinement module to confine the computing ions in the computing region in the ion confinement module;

[0174] and / or,

[0175] Before co-cooling the auxiliary ions, controlling the ion confinement module to confine the computing ions and the auxiliary ions in the cooling region in the ion confinement module.

[0176] In some possible embodiments, controlling the detection light to irradiate the computing ions during a first working time period, controlling the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ions during a second working time period, and after controlling the detection light to stop irradiating the computing ions, controlling the ion detection module to collect the photons radiated by the computing ions;

[0177] Wherein, the starting moment of the first working time period is the starting moment of the ion state reading process; the starting moment of the second working time period is the starting moment of the ion state reading process, or any moment between the starting moment and the ending moment of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the computing ions is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ions is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

[0178] For the specific description and beneficial effects of the quantum computing control method according to the embodiments of the present application, reference may be made to the relevant descriptions of the embodiments of the above ion trap device, which will not be elaborated herein.

[0179] The quantum computing control method in the above method embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more integrated available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid state disk (SSD)). Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of this patent application.

[0180] In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design solution described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the present application should not be construed as being more preferred or having more advantages than other embodiments or design solutions. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0181] "At least one" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to one or more, and "a plurality" refers to two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, (a and b), (a and c), (b and c), or (a and b and c), where a, b, and c can be single or multiple. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects and indicates that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Here, A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0182] Also, unless otherwise stated, in the embodiments of the present application, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish multiple objects, and are not used to limit the order, timing, priority, or importance of multiple objects. For example, a first device and a second device are only for ease of description, and do not indicate differences in the structure, importance, etc. of the first device and the second device. In some embodiments, the first device and the second device may also be the same device.

[0183] As used in the above embodiments, depending on the context, the term "when..." can be interpreted to mean "if...", or "after...", or "in response to determining...", or "in response to detecting...". The above are only optional embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the concept and principles of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application.

[0184] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. A professional technician can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present application.

[0185] In several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be in an electrical, mechanical, or other form.

[0186] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place, or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0187] In addition, in each embodiment of this patent application, the functional units can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit.

[0188] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of the present application. However, the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claimed rights.

Claims

1. An ion trap device, characterized in that, The device includes an ion trapping module, a beam output module, a timing control module, and an ion detection module. Among them, the ion trapping module is used to trap computing ions and auxiliary ions. The computing ions are used to store and read quantum information, and the auxiliary ions are used to co-cool the computing ions. The transition wavelengths of the computing ions and the auxiliary ions are different; the timing control module is used to control the beam output module to irradiate the detection light onto the computing ions during the ion state reading process to induce the computing ions to emit photons, and control the beam output module to irradiate the cooling light onto the auxiliary ions to co-cool the computing ions during the ion state reading process. The wavelength of the detection light is the transition wavelength of the computing ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions; the ion detection module is used to collect the photons emitted by the computing ions during the ion state reading process to determine the quantum state of the computing ions.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein The device further includes: an ion manipulation module for performing quantum manipulation on the computing ions; the timing control module is further used to control the ion manipulation module to perform quantum manipulation on the computing ions before controlling the beam output module to irradiate the detection light onto the computing ions.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein The timing control module is further used to control the beam output module to prepare the computing ions to an initial state before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ions.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The timing control module is further used to control the beam output module to irradiate the cooling light onto the auxiliary ions to co-cool the computing ions before first preparing the computing ions to the initial state.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ion trapping module includes a computing region and a cooling region; the timing control module is further used to control the ion trapping module to trap the computing ions in the computing region before performing the quantum manipulation on the computing ions; and / or, the timing control module is further used to control the ion trapping module to trap the computing ions and the auxiliary ions in the cooling region before co-cooling the auxiliary ions.

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The device further includes a filter disposed before the ion detection module, and the filter is used to filter at least one of the detection light, the cooling light, and the photons emitted by the auxiliary ions.

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The beam output module includes a first laser, a second laser, a first optical switch, and a second optical switch. Among them, the first laser is used to generate the detection light; the second laser is used to generate the cooling light; the first optical switch is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the detection light and the computing ions according to the control signal of the timing control module; the second optical switch is used to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ions according to the control signal of the timing control module.

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The beam output module includes a third laser, a first optical modulator, a second optical modulator, a first optical switch, and a second optical switch. Among them, the third laser is used to generate a first beam; The first optical modulator is configured to perform frequency shifting on the first light beam to obtain the probe light; The second optical modulator is configured to perform frequency shifting on the first light beam to obtain the cooling light; The first optical switch is configured to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the probe light and the computing ion according to the control signal of the timing control module; The second optical switch is configured to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ion according to the control signal of the timing control module.

9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The light beam output module includes a fourth laser, a third optical modulator, a first optical switch, and a second optical switch, where The fourth laser is configured to generate the probe light or the cooling light; The third optical modulator is configured to perform frequency shifting on the probe light to obtain the cooling light, or perform frequency shifting on the cooling light to obtain the probe light; The first optical switch is configured to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the probe light and the computing ion according to the control signal of the timing control module; The second optical switch is configured to control the conduction or disconnection of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ion according to the control signal of the timing control module.

10. The device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein The timing control module is further configured to control the first optical switch to be turned on during a first working time period, control the second optical switch to be turned on during a second working time period, and control the ion detection module to collect photons radiated by the computing ion after the first optical switch is turned off; where The start time of the first working time period is the start time of the ion state reading process; the start time of the second working time period is the start time of the ion state reading process, or any moment between the start time and the end time of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the computing ion is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein The timing control module is further configured to control the probe light to irradiate the computing ion during a first working time period, control the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion during a second working time period, and control the ion detection module to collect photons radiated by the computing ion after controlling the probe light to stop irradiating the computing ion; where The start time of the first working time period is the start time of the ion state reading process; the start time of the second working time period is the start time of the ion state reading process, or any moment between the start time and the end time of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the computing ion is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

12. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The computing ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

13. A quantum computing control method, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: During the ion state reading process, control the probe light to irradiate the computing ion to induce the computing ion to emit photons, and during the ion state reading process, control the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion to co-cool the computing ion; wherein, the computing ion and the auxiliary ion are trapped in a vacuum system, the computing ion is used to store and read quantum information, the auxiliary ion is used to co-cool the computing ion, the transition wavelength of the computing ion is different from the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ion; the wavelength of the probe light is the transition wavelength of the computing ion, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ion; During the ion state reading process, control to collect the photons emitted by the computing ion to determine the quantum state of the computing ion.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The method further includes: Before controlling the probe light to irradiate the computing ion, perform quantum manipulation on the computing ion.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The method further includes: Before performing quantum manipulation on the computing ion, prepare the computing ion to an initial state.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein The method further includes: Before first preparing the computing ion to the initial state, control the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion to co-cool the computing ion.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein The method further includes: Before performing the quantum manipulation on the computing ion, trap the computing ion in the computing region in the vacuum system; and / or, Before co-cooling the auxiliary ion, trap the computing ion and the auxiliary ion in the cooling region in the vacuum system.

18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that The method further includes: Before collecting the photons emitted by the computing ion, filter at least one of the probe light, the cooling light, and the photons emitted by the auxiliary ion.

19. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein Control the probe light to irradiate the computing ion during a first working time period, control the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ion during a second working time period, and after controlling the probe light to stop irradiating the computing ion, control to collect the photons emitted by the computing ion; wherein, The starting moment of the first working time period is the starting moment of the ion state reading process; the starting moment of the second working time period is the starting moment of the ion state reading process, or any moment between the starting moment and the ending moment of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the computing ion is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

20. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that, The computing ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

21. A quantum computing control method, characterized in that, A timing control module applied to an ion trap device, the ion trap device further comprising an ion confinement module, a beam output module and an ion detection module, the ion confinement module confining computational ions and auxiliary ions, the computational ions being used for storing and reading quantum information, the auxiliary ions being used for co-cooling the computational ions, the transition wavelengths of the computational ions and the auxiliary ions being different; The method comprises the following steps: During the ion state readout process, controlling the beam output module to irradiate the computational ions with probe light to induce the computational ions to emit photons, and during the ion state readout process, controlling the beam output module to irradiate the auxiliary ions with cooling light to co-cool the computational ions; the wavelength of the probe light is the transition wavelength of the computational ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions; During the ion state readout process, controlling the ion detection module to collect the photons emitted by the computational ions to determine the quantum state of the computational ions.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein The ion trap device further comprises an ion manipulation module, and the method further comprises: Before controlling the probe light to irradiate the computational ions, controlling the ion manipulation module to perform quantum manipulation on the computational ions.

23. The method according to claim 21, wherein The method further comprises: Before performing quantum manipulation on the computational ions, controlling the beam output module to prepare the computational ions to an initial state.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein The method further comprises: Before first preparing the computational ions to the initial state, controlling the beam output module to irradiate the auxiliary ions with the cooling light to co-cool the computational ions.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein [[ID=ID=1]] The method further comprises: Before performing the quantum manipulation on the computational ions, controlling the ion confinement module to confine the computational ions in the computational region in the ion confinement module; and / or, Before co-cooling the auxiliary ions, controlling the ion confinement module to confine the computational ions and the auxiliary ions in the cooling region in the ion confinement module.

26. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that, The ion trap device further comprises a filter disposed before the ion detection module, and the method further comprises: Before collecting the photons emitted by the computational ions, using the filter to filter at least one of the probe light, the cooling light, and the photons emitted by the auxiliary ions.

27. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein Controlling the probe light to irradiate the computational ions during a first working time period, and controlling the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ions during a second working time period, and after controlling the probe light to stop irradiating the computational ions, controlling the ion detection module to collect the photons emitted by the computational ions; wherein, The starting moment of the first working time period is the starting moment of the ion state readout process; the starting moment of the second working time period is the starting moment of the ion state readout process, or any moment between the starting moment and the ending moment of the ion state readout process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state lifetime of the calculated ion is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

28. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 27, characterized in that, The calculated ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the quantum computing control method according to any one of claims 13 to 20.

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