Numerical control tool turret

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tool turrets, in particular to a numerical control tool turret. The tool turret comprises a tool seat, a tool disc, a pressing gear ring and a driving mechanism, the tool seat is fixed with a fixed gear ring, the rear end of the fixed gear ring is in abutment with the tool seat; the tool disc is rotationally arranged on the tool seat, the end of the tool disc close to the tool seat is coaxially fixed with a movable gear ring; the pressing gear ring is slidably arranged in the tool seat, the pressing gear ring, the fixed gear ring and the movable gear ring are coaxially arranged, and the pressing gear ring can be engaged with the fixed gear ring and the movable gear ring; the driving mechanism is located in the tool seat and is used for driving the pressing gear ring to reciprocatingly move along the axial direction of the pressing gear ring, so that the pressing gear ring can abut against and be away from the front end of the fixed gear ring. The tool turret has the advantages of good tool disc locking stability and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of tool turrets, in particular to a numerical control tool turret. BACKGROUND

[0002] The tool turret is an automatic tool changing device of a numerical control lathe. When the numerical control tool turret is used, the tool turret is first fixed on the lathe, and each side surface of the tool turret is provided with a plurality of tools required for different machining steps. The tool required for the current machining can be adjusted by rotating the tool turret, thereby facilitating the machining of the numerical control lathe.

[0003] The applicant has once applied for an invention patent for a numerical control tool turret (publication number: CN110142425A), which comprises a seat body, a tool disc arranged at the front end of the seat body, and a rotating shaft arranged on the tool disc. One end of the tool disc close to the seat body is fixed with a fixed tooth ring. A pressing tooth ring meshing with the fixed tooth ring is also slidably arranged in the installation cavity. One end of the seat body close to the tool disc is also fixed with a positioning tooth ring meshing with the pressing tooth ring. After the tool on the tool disc is adjusted or replaced, the tool disc needs to be locked again. The pressing tooth ring can be moved along the axial direction of the rotating shaft so that the pressing tooth ring is pressed on the positioning tooth ring on the seat body and the two are meshed. At this time, the pressing tooth ring is also meshed with the fixed tooth ring on the tool disc. Since the positioning tooth ring is fixed on the seat body by means of bolts, the tool disc and the seat body can be relatively fixed, and the locking of the tool disc is realized.

[0004] However, since the positioning tooth ring is fixed on the seat body by means of bolts, when the pressing tooth ring is pressed on the positioning tooth ring, a pressure away from the seat body is applied to the positioning tooth ring, and the bolt will be subjected to a large force, and the risk of deformation or fracture is relatively large. At the same time, the maximum pressure of the pressing tooth ring pressed on the positioning tooth ring will be limited, and finally the stability of the tool disc when locked will be affected. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to improve the stability of the tool disc when locked in the tool turret, the application provides a numerical control tool turret.

[0006] The application provides a numerical control tool turret adopting the following technical scheme:

[0007] A numerical control tool turret comprises:

[0008] A tool holder, a fixed tooth ring is fixed on the tool holder, and the rear end of the fixed tooth ring is in abutment with the tool holder;

[0009] A tool disc, the tool disc is rotationally arranged on the tool holder, and a movable tooth ring is coaxially fixed on one end of the tool disc close to the tool holder;

[0010] A pressing tooth ring, the pressing tooth ring is slidably arranged in the tool holder, the pressing tooth ring, the fixed tooth ring and the movable tooth ring are coaxially arranged, and the pressing tooth ring can be meshed with the fixed tooth ring and the movable tooth ring;

[0011] The driving mechanism is located in the tool holder and is used to drive the compression gear ring to move along the axial direction of the compression gear ring to make the compression gear ring abut against and move away from the front end of the fixed gear ring:

[0012] When the compression gear ring abuts against the front end of the fixed gear ring, the compression gear ring is in meshing with the fixed gear ring and the movable gear ring;

[0013] When the compression gear ring moves away from the front end of the fixed gear ring, the compression gear ring is out of meshing with the fixed gear ring.

[0014] According to the technical scheme, when the tool tower is in a normal use state, the driving mechanism drives the compression gear ring to move along the axial direction, so that the compression gear ring abuts against the front end of the fixed gear ring, and the compression gear ring is in meshing with the fixed gear ring and the movable gear ring. Since the fixed gear ring is fixed to the tool holder, the fixed gear ring, the compression gear ring and the movable gear ring are relatively fixed, the movable gear ring cannot rotate, and the tool disc fixed to the movable gear ring cannot rotate, so that the tool disc is fixed, and the tool on the tool disc can be normally cut. Since the rear end of the fixed gear ring is in abutment with the tool holder, when the compression gear ring abuts against the front end of the fixed gear ring, the tool holder bears most of the load. Compared with the force bearing mode of the bolt, the tool holder has high rigidity and small deformation risk when bearing the load, so that the stability of the tool disc is better. When adjustment or tool replacement is needed, the driving mechanism drives the compression gear ring to move along the axial direction and move away from the fixed gear ring, so that the compression gear ring is out of meshing with the fixed gear ring, and the movable gear ring is in a rotatable state, and the corresponding tool disc can also rotate, so that the tool disc can be rotated to adjust or replace the tool on the tool disc.

[0015] Preferably, the tool holder comprises a tool holder body and a shaft sleeve, the tool holder body is provided with a mounting cavity at one end close to the tool disc, the shaft sleeve is arranged on the tool holder body, one end of the shaft sleeve close to the tool disc extends into the mounting cavity, the compression gear ring and the fixed gear ring are located in the mounting cavity, and the compression gear ring and the fixed gear ring are sleeved on the shaft sleeve, the rear end of the compression gear ring is provided with meshing teeth one, and the front end of the fixed gear ring is provided with meshing teeth two capable of meshing with the meshing teeth one.

[0016] According to the technical scheme, the shaft sleeve is designed, so that radial support can be provided for the compression gear ring and the fixed gear ring, and the meshing and out-of-meshing of the compression gear ring and the fixed gear ring can be realized by moving the compression gear ring.

[0017] Preferably, the movable gear ring is sleeved on the fixed gear ring, one end of the movable gear ring close to the compression gear ring is provided with meshing teeth three, the meshing teeth one on the compression gear ring can mesh with the meshing teeth three on the movable gear ring, and the tooth thickness of the meshing teeth three is smaller than the tooth thickness of the meshing teeth two.

[0018] By adopting the technical scheme, the compression tooth ring can be matched with the meshing tooth three on the movable tooth ring through the meshing tooth one, the meshing tooth one can be matched with the meshing tooth two and the meshing tooth three, the structure of the compression tooth ring is simpler, the production cost is lower, the thickness of the meshing tooth three is smaller than that of the meshing tooth two, when the compression tooth ring moves towards the fixed tooth ring and the movable tooth ring, the compression tooth ring first contacts the fixed tooth ring and compresses the fixed tooth ring, and the movable tooth ring is mainly meshed, the pressure on the movable tooth ring is smaller, the movable tooth ring is prevented from being contacted first to generate deformation due to large force.

[0019] Preferably, the shaft sleeve is sleeved with a support ring assembly at one end close to the cutter head, and the outer ring of the support ring assembly is in abutment with the inner wall of the cutter head to form a support.

[0020] By adopting the technical scheme, the cutter head is supported after the support ring assembly is designed, and the locking stability of the cutter head is improved.

[0021] Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises an oil cavity one, an oil inlet channel one, an oil cavity two and an oil inlet channel two, the oil cavity one is formed between one end of the support ring assembly close to the compression tooth ring and the front end of the compression tooth ring, the oil inlet channel one is arranged on the shaft sleeve and communicates with the oil cavity one, the inner ring of the compression tooth ring is provided with an annular groove, the oil cavity two is formed between the annular groove and the outer wall of the shaft sleeve, and the oil inlet channel two is arranged on the shaft sleeve and communicates with the oil cavity two.

[0022] By adopting the technical scheme, when the oil inlet channel one is filled with oil, the oil is pressed into the oil cavity one, the front end of the compression tooth ring is pushed, the compression tooth ring moves towards the fixed tooth ring, and the compression tooth ring is compressed on the fixed tooth ring; when the oil inlet channel two is filled with oil, the oil is pressed into the oil cavity two, the compression tooth ring is pushed towards the cutter head, and the compression tooth ring is disengaged from the fixed tooth ring.

[0023] Preferably, the support ring assembly comprises a support ring body, one end of the support ring body close to the compression tooth ring is provided with an annular protrusion, the annular protrusion is sleeved on the front end of the compression tooth ring, and the oil cavity one is formed by the combination of the one end of the support ring body close to the compression tooth ring, the inner ring of the annular protrusion and the front end of the compression tooth ring.

[0024] By adopting the technical scheme, the annular protrusion can form the oil cavity one in cooperation with the support ring body and the compression tooth ring, form a seal with the compression tooth ring, reduce the oil leakage in the oil cavity one, and limit the compression tooth ring at the same time.

[0025] Preferably, the outer diameter of the annular protrusion is larger than the outer diameter of the support ring body, and a stepped surface is formed between the two, the support ring assembly further comprises a locking ring and a gasket, the locking ring is fixed on the support ring body, and the gasket is located between the locking ring and the stepped surface and abuts against the two, and the outer ring of the gasket abuts against the inner ring of the cutter head.

[0026] By adopting the above technical scheme, the gasket is positioned on the support ring body through the locking ring and the annular protrusion, and the cutter head is supported.

[0027] Preferably, the tool tower further comprises a motor one, the output shaft of the motor one is fixed with a gear, and the outer ring of the movable gear ring is provided with a gear ring engaged with the gear.

[0028] By adopting the above technical scheme, the motor one drives the gear to rotate, then drives the movable gear ring to rotate through the gear ring, and finally drives the cutter head to rotate, which is convenient for tool changing or adjustment.

[0029] Preferably, the cutter seat is further provided with a detection device for detecting the position of the pressing gear ring, the detection device is connected with a controller, the controller is connected with the motor one, when the pressing gear ring is pressed on the fixed gear ring, the detection device can send a signal to the controller, and the controller sends an instruction to the motor one to prohibit rotation.

[0030] By adopting the above technical scheme, after the detection device is designed, whether the pressing gear ring is pressed in place can be detected, and whether the cutter head is in a locked state can be judged, when the cutter head is in the locked state, the detection device can send a signal to the controller, and the controller sends an instruction to the motor one to prohibit rotation, so that damage caused by starting the motor one when the cutter head is in the locked state is avoided.

[0031] Preferably, the shaft sleeve, the cutter seat and the fixed gear ring are respectively provided with through holes one, two and three in communication, the axes of the through holes one, two and three are parallel to the axis of the pressing gear ring, the detection device comprises a movable rod and a position sensor, the movable rod passes through the through holes one, two and three and is in sliding fit with the three, the movable rod can be pushed by the pressing gear ring when the pressing gear ring moves towards the fixed gear ring, and a reset assembly capable of driving the movable rod to reset is further arranged between the movable rod and the shaft sleeve, the cutter seat or the fixed gear ring, and the position sensor is fixed on the shaft sleeve and can detect the position of the movable rod.

[0032] By adopting the technical scheme, when the pressing gear ring moves towards the fixed gear ring, the movable rod can be pushed to move, when the pressing gear ring is pressed on the fixed gear ring, the position sensor can detect the position of the movable rod and send a signal to the controller, the controller judges that the cutter head is in the locked state at this time, and sends a rotation prohibition instruction to the motor one; when the pressing gear ring moves away from the fixed gear ring, the pressing gear ring and the fixed gear ring are disengaged, the movable rod can be reset under the action of the reset assembly, the position sensor cannot detect the signal, and the controller cancels the rotation prohibition instruction of the motor one, thereby ensuring the safety during tool changing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a perspective structural schematic diagram of a tool tower of an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 2 is a front view of the tool tower of the embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a sectional view of the A-A line of

[0036] Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged view of the A part of

[0037] Figure 5 is a connection structure schematic diagram of a motor and a movable gear ring of the embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 6 is a sectional view of the pressing gear ring and the fixed gear ring and the movable gear ring when the pressing gear ring is engaged with the fixed gear ring and the movable gear ring.

[0039] Figure 7 is Figure 2 a sectional view of the B-B line of

[0040] Figure 8 is Figure 2 a sectional view of the C-C line of

[0041] MARKED FOR REFERENCE: 1, tool seat; 2, cutter head; 3, tool seat body; 4, shaft sleeve; 5, rotating shaft; 6, driving motor; 7, bevel gear one; 8, bevel gear two; 9, fixed gear ring; 10, movable gear ring; 11, motor one; 12, gear; 13, pressing gear ring; 14, engagement tooth one; 15, engagement tooth two; 16, engagement tooth three; 17, driving mechanism; 18, oil cavity one; 19, oil inlet channel one; 20, oil cavity two; 21, oil inlet channel two; 22, support ring assembly; 23, support ring body; 24, annular protrusion; 25, locking ring; 26, gasket; 27, annular groove; 28, detection device; 29, through hole one; 30, through hole two; 31, through hole three; 32, movable rod; 33, position sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification and will be understood by those skilled in the art to illustrate various embodiments of the application. Figures 1-7 The application is described in further detail below.

[0043] The application discloses a numerical control tool tower.

[0044] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , the tool tower comprises a tool holder 1 and a tool disc 2, the tool disc 2 is rotationally arranged on the tool holder 1, and a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the side wall of the tool disc 2 for mounting tools. In normal operation, the tool disc 2 is locked relative to the tool holder 1 and cannot rotate, and when it is necessary to replace or adjust the tools, the tool disc 2 is unlocked and can rotate relative to the tool holder 1.

[0045] As shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 , the tool holder 1 comprises a tool holder body 3 and a shaft sleeve 4, an installation cavity is formed in one end of the tool holder body 3 close to the tool disc 2, the shaft sleeve 4 is arranged on the tool holder body 3, one end of the shaft sleeve 4 close to the tool disc 2 extends into the installation cavity, a rotating shaft 5 is arranged in the shaft sleeve 4, a driving motor 6 is connected to the rear end of the rotating shaft 5, the front end of the rotating shaft 5 extends into the installation cavity and is fixed with a bevel gear one 7, a bevel gear two 8 is rotationally arranged on the tool disc 2 and engages with the bevel gear one 7, the bevel gear two 8 can be connected with a tool shaft, and the driving motor 6 is rotated to drive the tool shaft to rotate through the rotating shaft 5, the bevel gear one 7 and the bevel gear two 8, thereby driving the tools on the tool shaft to rotate and achieving cutting.

[0046] It should be noted that in the embodiment, the tool holder body 3 and the shaft sleeve 4 are of a split structure, a fixing hole is formed in the tool holder body 3, and the shaft sleeve 4 is fixed in the fixing hole. As another scheme, the tool holder body 3 and the shaft sleeve 4 can also be designed as an integral structure.

[0047] As shown in Figure 3 , Figure 4 , a toothed ring 9 is fixed on the tool holder 1 and located in the installation cavity, and the rear end of the toothed ring 9 abuts against the tool holder 1. Specifically, the toothed ring 9 is coaxial with the tool holder 1 and is fixed on the tool holder 1 by bolts, and specifically, the toothed ring 9 is fixed on the tool holder body 3. As another scheme, the toothed ring 9 can also be fixed on the tool holder body 3 by screws or other connecting members.

[0048] As shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 , a motor diagram, a toothed ring 10 is fixed on the tool disc 2 and located in the installation cavity of the tool holder body 3 and is sleeved on the outside of the toothed ring 9.

[0049] The turret also includes a motor 11, the output shaft of which is fixed with a gear. The outer ring of the moving gear ring 10 has a gear ring that meshes with the gear. In order to achieve meshing, an opening can be made on the tool holder body 3 so that the gear can mesh with the gear ring on the outer ring of the moving gear ring 10.

[0050] like Figure 4 , Figure 6 As shown in the gear ring diagram, this turret also includes a clamping gear ring 13, which is slidably disposed within the tool holder 1. In this embodiment, the clamping gear ring 13 is located within the mounting cavity of the tool holder body 3 and is sleeved on the bushing 4. The rear end of the clamping gear ring 13 has a first meshing tooth 14, and the front end of the fixed gear ring 9 has a second meshing tooth 15 that can mesh with the first meshing tooth 14. The end of the moving gear ring 10 near the clamping gear ring 13 has a third meshing tooth 16. The first meshing tooth 14 on the clamping gear ring 13 can mesh with the third meshing tooth 16 on the moving gear ring 10. To ensure that the clamping gear ring 13 can first be clamped onto the fixed gear ring 9 and simultaneously mesh with the moving gear ring 10, the tooth thickness of the third meshing tooth 16 is smaller than the tooth thickness of the second meshing tooth 15.

[0051] It is important to note that when the clamping gear ring 13 is disengaged from the fixed gear ring 9, the relationship between the clamping gear ring 13 and the moving gear ring 10 can have two states, depending on the actual situation. If the clamping gear ring 13 is still engaged with the moving gear ring 10, then the clamping gear ring 13 needs to rotate with the bushing 4, and the clamping gear ring 13 can rotate when the moving gear ring 10 rotates; however, if the clamping gear ring 13 and the moving gear ring 10 are also disengaged, then the clamping gear ring 13 and the bushing 4 can be in a fixed relationship, and the rotation of the moving gear ring 10 will not cause the clamping gear ring 13 to rotate.

[0052] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, the turret also includes a drive mechanism 17, which is located inside the tool holder 1 and is used to drive the clamping gear ring 13 to reciprocate along its own axis.

[0053] In this embodiment, the drive mechanism 17 includes an oil chamber 18, an oil inlet channel 19, an oil chamber 20, and an oil inlet channel 21.

[0054] Specifically, a support ring assembly 22 is fitted onto one end of the bushing 4 near the cutter head 2. An oil cavity 18 is formed between the end of the support ring assembly 22 near the front end of the clamping gear ring 13 and the front end of the clamping gear ring 13. An oil inlet channel 19 is opened on the bushing 4 and communicates with the oil cavity 18. When oil enters through the oil inlet channel 19, it can press the oil into the oil cavity 18, then push the front end of the clamping gear ring 13, causing the clamping gear ring 13 to move backward toward the fixed gear ring 9 until it is pressed against the fixed gear ring 9.

[0055] In the embodiment, the support ring assembly 22 comprises a support ring body 23, the support ring body 23 is provided with an annular protrusion 24 near one end of the compression tooth ring 13, the annular protrusion 24 is sleeved on the front end of the compression tooth ring 13, and the oil cavity one 18 is formed by the combination of the one end of the support ring body 23, the inner ring of the annular protrusion 24 and the front end of the compression tooth ring 13.

[0056] The support ring body 23 and the annular protrusion 24 can be an integral structure or can be fixed in a split manner.

[0057] In the embodiment, the outer ring of the support ring assembly 22 is in abutment with the inner wall of the cutter head 2 to form support.

[0058] Specifically, the outer diameter of the annular protrusion 24 is greater than the outer diameter of the support ring body 23, and a stepped surface is formed between the two, the support ring assembly 22 further comprises a locking ring 25 and a gasket 26, the locking ring 25 is fixed on the support ring body 23, the gasket 26 is located between the locking ring 25 and the stepped surface and is in abutment with the latter two, and the outer ring of the gasket 26 is in abutment with the inner ring of the cutter head 2.

[0059] In the embodiment, the locking ring 25 is threadedly connected with the support ring body 23, and as another scheme, the locking ring 25 can be clamped with the support ring body 23.

[0060] In the embodiment, the support ring body 23, the locking ring 25 and the gasket 26 adopt a split structure, and as another scheme, the gasket 26 and the support ring body 23 can be designed as an integral structure, the locking ring 25 is omitted, and the cutter head 2 is directly supported.

[0061] As shown in Figure 4 , Figure 7 , the inner ring of the compression tooth ring 13 is provided with an annular groove 27, the annular groove 27 and the outer wall of the shaft sleeve 4 form the oil cavity two 20, and the oil inlet channel two 21 is arranged on the shaft sleeve 4 and is in communication with the oil cavity two 20. When the oil inlet channel two 21 is filled with oil, the oil pressure can be applied to the oil cavity two 20 to push the compression tooth ring 13 to move forward towards the cutter head 2 until the compression tooth ring 13 is disengaged from the toothed ring 9.

[0062] As shown in Figure 8 , the tool holder 1 is further provided with a detection device 28 for detecting the position of the compression tooth ring 13, the detection device 28 is connected with a controller, and the controller is connected with the motor one 11. When the compression tooth ring 13 is compressed on the toothed ring 9, the detection device 28 can send a signal to the controller, and the controller sends an instruction to the motor one 11 to prohibit rotation.

[0063] In the embodiment, the shaft sleeve 4, the tool holder 1 and the toothed ring 9 are respectively provided with the through hole one 29, the through hole two 30 and the through hole three 31 which are communicated, the axes of the through hole one 29, the through hole two 30 and the through hole three 31 are parallel to the axis of the compression toothed ring 13, the detection device 28 comprises a movable rod 32 and a position sensor 33, the movable rod 32 passes through the through hole one 29, the through hole two 30 and the through hole three 31 and is in sliding fit with the three, the movable rod 32 can be pushed when the compression toothed ring 13 moves towards the toothed ring 9, and a reset component which can drive the movable rod 32 to reset is further arranged between the movable rod 32 and the shaft sleeve 4, the tool holder 1 or the toothed ring 9, and the position sensor 33 is fixed on the shaft sleeve 4 and can detect the position of the movable rod 32.

[0064] In the embodiment, the shaft sleeve 4, the tool holder 1 and the toothed ring 9 are respectively provided with the through hole one 29, the through hole two 30 and the through hole three 31 which are communicated, the axes of the through hole one 29, the through hole two 30 and the through hole three 31 are parallel to the axis of the compression toothed ring 13, the detection device 28 comprises a movable rod 32 and a position sensor 33, the movable rod 32 passes through the through hole one 29, the through hole two 30 and the through hole three 31 and is in sliding fit with the three, the movable rod 32 can be pushed when the compression toothed ring 13 moves towards the toothed ring 9, and a reset component which can drive the movable rod 32 to reset is further arranged between the movable rod 32 and the shaft sleeve 4, the tool holder 1 or the toothed ring 9, and the position sensor 33 is fixed on the shaft sleeve 4 and can detect the position of the movable rod 32.

[0065] As other solutions, the position sensor 33 can also adopt an optical sensor, and the optical sensor is triggered when the movable rod 32 blocks the light.

[0066] Preferably, the position sensor 33 is fixed on the shaft sleeve 4, and as other solutions, the position sensor 33 can also be fixed on the tool holder 1 or the toothed ring 9.

[0067] The working principle of the application is as follows:

[0068] When the tool tower is in a normal use state, oil is injected into the oil inlet channel one 19, the oil is pressed into the oil cavity one 18, the front end of the compression toothed ring 13 is pushed, the compression toothed ring 13 moves towards the toothed ring 9, and the compression toothed ring 13 is compressed on the toothed ring 9 until the compression toothed ring 13 is engaged with the toothed ring 9 and the outer toothed ring, and the cutter head 2 is locked; the driving motor 6 drives the cutter to rotate through the rotating shaft, the bevel gear one 7, the bevel gear two 8 and the cutter shaft, and machining is performed.

[0069] When the cutter needs to be replaced or adjusted, oil is injected into the oil inlet channel two 21, the oil is pressed into the oil cavity two 20, the compression toothed ring 13 is pushed towards the cutter head 2, and the compression toothed ring 13 is disengaged from the toothed ring 9, and at this time, the movable toothed ring 10 can rotate under the action of the motor one 11, drives the cutter head 2 to rotate, and the cutter is replaced.

[0070] The above are preferred embodiments of the application, and the protection scope of the application is not limited thereto, and therefore: equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A CNC tool turret, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a cutting tool, including: A cutter holder (1) is fixed with a fixed tooth ring (9), and the rear end of the fixed tooth ring (9) is in close contact with the cutter holder (1); A cutter head (2) is rotationally arranged on the cutter holder (1), and the end of the cutter head (2) close to the cutter holder (1) is coaxially fixed with a movable tooth ring (10); A pressing tooth ring (13) is slidingly arranged in the cutter holder (1), the pressing tooth ring (13), the fixed tooth ring (9) and the movable tooth ring (10) are coaxially arranged, and the pressing tooth ring (13) can be engaged with the fixed tooth ring (9) and the movable tooth ring (10); A driving mechanism (17) is located in the cutter holder (1) and is used for driving the pressing tooth ring (13) to reciprocate along the axial direction of the pressing tooth ring (13), so that the pressing tooth ring (13) can be pressed against the front end of the fixed tooth ring (9) and be away from the front end of the fixed tooth ring (9); When the pressing tooth ring (13) is pressed against the front end of the fixed tooth ring (9), the pressing tooth ring (13) is engaged with the fixed tooth ring (9) and the movable tooth ring (10) at the same time; When the pressing tooth ring (13) is away from the front end of the fixed tooth ring (9), the pressing tooth ring (13) is disengaged from the fixed tooth ring (9); The cutter holder (1) includes a cutter holder body (3) and a shaft sleeve (4), an installation cavity is formed in the end of the cutter holder body (3) close to the cutter head (2), the shaft sleeve (4) is arranged on the cutter holder body (3), the end of the shaft sleeve (4) close to the cutter head (2) extends into the installation cavity, the pressing tooth ring (13) and the fixed tooth ring (9) are located in the installation cavity, the pressing tooth ring (13) and the fixed tooth ring (9) are sleeved on the shaft sleeve (4), the rear end of the pressing tooth ring (13) is provided with engagement teeth one (14), and the front end of the fixed tooth ring (9) is provided with engagement teeth two (15) capable of being engaged with the engagement teeth one (14); The end of the shaft sleeve (4) close to the cutter head (2) is sleeved with a supporting ring assembly (22), and the outer ring of the supporting ring assembly (22) is in close contact with the inner wall of the cutter head (2) to form a support; The driving mechanism (17) includes an oil cavity one (18), an oil inlet channel one (19), an oil cavity two (20) and an oil inlet channel two (21), the oil cavity one (18) is formed between the end of the supporting ring assembly (22) close to the pressing tooth ring (13) and the front end of the pressing tooth ring (13), the oil inlet channel one (19) is formed on the shaft sleeve (4) and is in communication with the oil cavity one (18); the inner ring of the pressing tooth ring (13) is provided with an annular groove (27), the annular groove (27) and the outer wall of the shaft sleeve (4) form the oil cavity two (20), and the oil inlet channel two (21) is formed on the shaft sleeve (4) and is in communication with the oil cavity two (20); The support ring assembly (22) comprises a support ring body (23), which has a ring-shaped protrusion (24) near one end of the compression tooth ring (13), the ring-shaped protrusion (24) is sleeved on the front end of the compression tooth ring (13), and the support ring body (23), the inner ring of the ring-shaped protrusion (24) near one end of the compression tooth ring (13) and the front end of the compression tooth ring (13) combine to form the oil cavity I (18).

2. The CNC tool tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable tooth ring (10) is sleeved on the fixed tooth ring (9), one end of the movable tooth ring (10) near the compression tooth ring (13) has engaging teeth III (16), the engaging teeth I (14) on the compression tooth ring (13) can engage with the engaging teeth III (16) on the movable tooth ring (10), and the tooth thickness of the engaging teeth III (16) is smaller than that of the engaging teeth II (15).

3. The CNC tool tower of claim 1, wherein, The outer diameter of the ring-shaped protrusion (24) is larger than that of the support ring body (23), and a stepped surface is formed between the two, the support ring assembly (22) further comprises a locking ring (25) and a gasket (26) sleeved on the support ring body (23), the locking ring (25) is fixed on the support ring body (23), the gasket (26) is located between the locking ring (25) and the stepped surface and abuts against the latter two, and the outer ring of the gasket (26) abuts against the inner ring of the cutter head (2).

4. The CNC tool tower of claim 1, wherein, The cutter tower further comprises a motor I (11), an output shaft of the motor I (11) is fixed with a gear (12), and the outer ring of the movable tooth ring (10) has a gear ring engaged with the gear (12).

5. The CNC tool tower according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cutter seat (1) is further provided with a detection device (28) for detecting the position of the compression tooth ring (13), the detection device (28) is connected with a controller, the controller is connected with the motor I (11), when the compression tooth ring (13) is compressed on the fixed tooth ring (9), the detection device (28) can send a signal to the controller, and the controller sends a rotation prohibition instruction to the motor I (11).

6. CNC tool tower according to claim 5, characterized in that The shaft sleeve (4), the cutter seat (1) and the fixed tooth ring (9) are respectively provided with through holes I (29), through holes II (30) and through holes III (31) in communication, the axes of the through holes I (29), the through holes II (30) and the through holes III (31) are parallel to the axis of the compression tooth ring (13), the detection device (28) comprises a movable rod (32) and a position sensor (33), the movable rod (32) passes through the through holes I (29), the through holes II (30) and the through holes III (31) and is in sliding fit with the three, the movable rod (32) can be pushed when the compression tooth ring (13) moves towards the fixed tooth ring (9), a reset assembly capable of driving the movable rod (32) to reset is further arranged between the movable rod (32) and the shaft sleeve (4) or the cutter seat (1) or the fixed tooth ring (9), and the position sensor (33) is fixed on the shaft sleeve (4) and can detect the position of the movable rod (32).

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