Drilling system for recovering cores from loose to solid with little disturbance

Abstract

The device operates with a conventional rotary driver with a pile hammer. Torque and blows of the drilling head are transmitted to the drilling starter pipe (8) with the drill bit. Inside the rotary starter pipe (8) there is a non-rotating sleeve (17). The non-rotating sleeve is applied at the bottom to the inside of the drill bit rotating below the non-rotating sleeve. As a particular feature, the sleeve (17) is connected to axially consecutive parts that can rotate relative to each other and to the press flush recovery pipe DSB (19) connected to the parts with the rotary drilling head via the sleeve adapter (21) with compression and tension forces. The DSB (19) rotates with the drilling head and the drill pipe, and the sleeve adapter (21) is connected to the non-rotating sleeve (17). With the DSB, the sleeve (17) is first pressurized from above, secondly flushed, as flushing water for the hole is directed in the DSB (19) and pressed out from the sleeve (17), and thirdly enables the sleeve (17) to be retrieved for an approximately intact drilling sample.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This drilling system relates to a method and a device for retrieving drill cores from, in particular, loose but firm, whereby almost undisturbed drill core samples can be retrieved and stored. BACKGROUND

[0002] This means that the cylindrical drill cores are collected from the ground in a hollow cylindrical sleeve, a so-called drill core catcher or drilling sample catcher, and brought to the surface. Such cores are, for example, about one meter long and have a diameter of about 10 to 20 cm. However, these cores can also be considerably larger or considerably smaller, depending on the requirements and dimensions of the drilling equipment. At the surface, the drill cores are ejected from the hollow cylindrical sleeve and can then rest freely on, for example, an inner housing of a half-cylinder or on a flat base. Insofar as such soil samples partially disintegrate upon ejection from the sleeve due to material compatibility, the soil samples are no longer 100% undisturbed. However, the sleeve can also be equipped on the inside with a lining made of, for example, rigid PVC or another suitable material, which tightly adheres to the inner wall of the sleeve, so that the lining also pushes earth material down during the drilling operation together with the sleeve. In this case, after the sleeve has been retrieved, the lining is ejected from the sleeve and the drill cores therein remain unchanged, just as they were in the ground, and the drill cores can later be opened in batches, for example, with radial cutting, so that the samples are then completely undisturbed. One advantage of using a lining is that any volatile contaminants present in the drill cores are trapped therein and remain in the drill cores after retrieval from the sleeve. However, the use of a lining is more complex and also more expensive compared to drilling without such a lining.

[0003] Soil samples retrieved in this way provide information about the properties of the soil, in particular about any contaminants that have penetrated the soil over time. As a result, a reliable damage register can be made and appropriate measures can be implemented to remediate such soils. For agriculture, it is of particular interest to gain knowledge about the quality of the soil, the mineral composition of the humus soil and its nutrient richness, or to understand possible soil defects. Knowledge can then be gained about which soils are suitable for which crops and how they should be fertilized, which ultimately promotes the ecological and high-yield management of agricultural land. Such coring drilling is also suitable for collecting soil samples in old waste dumps, soils suspected of being contaminated, and loose rock layers, i.e. also in fine sand layers, peat layers, and marine chalk layers. The drilling method is also suitable for soil layers in groundwater.

[0004] It is known and frequently used that From solid groundSoil samples are taken for geotechnical evaluation. There is an internationally recognized standard penetration test (SPT) as defined in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D1586. The test uses a thick walled sample tube with an outer diameter of 50.8 mm and an inner diameter of 35 mm and is about 650 mm long. This is driven into the ground at the bottom of the borehole by an impact of a sliding hammer of mass 63.5 kg falling from a distance of 760 mm. The sample tube is driven 150 mm into the ground and then the number of blows required to drive the tube 150 mm to 450 mm in depth in 150 mm increments is recorded. The sum of the number of blows required for the second and third six inch penetrations is called the "standard penetration resistance" or "N value" which is expressed in blows per foot (bpf). This value is the basis for many various geotechnical calculations, such as bearing capacity and settlement estimates. In cases where 50 blows are not enough to advance the penetration by 150 mm intervals, the penetration is recorded after 50 impacts. The blow count is an indication of the density of the soil and is used in many empirical geotechnical engineering formulas.

[0005] While it is well known in the prior art to drill in firm ground, drilling in particular From loose ground The retrieval of the drill core requires special high, because in addition to the rotary drill bit, the drilling also requires a piling, i.e. a strong impact on the drilling head, which then has to be transmitted to the entire drill pipe, i.e. to the drill pipe, the core barrel and the drill bit attached thereto. Therefore, all components are subjected to enormous mechanical and thermal stresses, so that their service life is often unsatisfactory. For this reason, there is still no really convincing drilling system which delivers a reasonably acceptable core quality and, most importantly, also provides an acceptable service life of the drilling system used.

[0006] So far, cylindrical soil samples have been extracted from loose ground with very specially designed drilling machines, which at the lower end enclose the drill pipe with an initial pipe having a drill bit, whereby the drilling into the ground is performed by rotating the drill pipe, thus rotating the initial pipe and the drill bit and at the same time hammering and thus tamping. Inside the initial pipe, a sleeve is inserted as a drill core catcher with a small gap. The sleeve sits on a protrusion protruding radially inward from the drill bit at the bottom of the drill bit.

[0007] Such a drilling method is described in EP 2 050 923. Therein the necessity is described that the drill core catcher or sleeve has to be held inside the initial pipe against rotation and for this purpose a special fixation bar is proposed which continues in the drill pipe from top to bottom in a rotationally fixed - i.e. non-rotating - manner, thus aiming to hold the sleeve in a rotationally fixed manner. However, it turned out in practice that No need for fixed rodsThe sleeve is secured to the drilling rig so that it cannot rotate, because the sleeve is held by the drill core itself anyway. The retaining rod enters the sleeve through the drill core during lowering or sinking of the sleeve, and this reliably prevents the sleeve from rotating. Therefore, in principle, the sleeve does not rotate during drilling, but rather presses downward in the axial direction onto the drilled core without rotating, along with the movement of the initial tube rotating around it, and sinks downward above the core. Thus, practical experience shows that the task claimed in EP 2 050 923 is impractical; it simply does not exist. The drill core grown into the sinking sleeve will hardly rotate or at most rotate only very slightly, simply because it is connected to the ground. Therefore, the retaining rod used to hold the sleeve in place and prevent its rotation is redundant. The retaining rod even has a negative effect, namely, that even with the anti-rotation retaining rod, under certain conditions of the substrate, the sleeve may still rotate a few degrees in the direction of drill core rotation. This does not affect the quality of the drill core, but when using this type of retaining rod, it cannot absorb the resulting torque and shear off. This leads to unplanned and lengthy drilling interruptions and time-consuming temporary work to somehow retrieve the core.

[0008] However, typically, upon reaching the drilling section, the drilling is stopped, and the casing and core are pulled out of the initial casing together, with the core ejected horizontally from the casing, and the empty casing can be reinserted into the initial casing. For deeper drilling, the initial casing with the core can be carried to deeper locations using segmented extensions of the drill pipe. This is described in EP 2050 923.

[0009] In the prior art, so-called wireline coring drilling methods are known, by which cores can be easily retrieved from solid rock or solid ground. These methods are effective for devices including clinker closures, which involve complex structures unsuitable for drilling in loose ground, because these devices for retrieving the core will be damaged in a very short time due to the necessary tamping impact. Furthermore, it is impossible to press the casing or core catcher downwards onto the exposed core using wirelines.

[0010] The difficulties of extracting such cores from loose soil are multifaceted and largely underestimated. Drilling rigs generate torques up to 28,000 Nm, and the impact of pile driving creates enormous vibrational forces—those with very high peak forces and individual impact energies up to 500 Nm, which, for example, occur over 2400 minutes. -1 The frequency of use places extremely high demands on the construction and stability of the components, which are difficult to determine solely through calculation. Many tested parts have proven to wear out and become unusable after a short period of use. This is true, for example, with reference to sonic hammer drills, or more generally with all commercially available drill drives and hammer drills.

[0011] Less suitable drilling methods can also lead to contaminants from certain depths of the ground being carried down from the drill bit or core barrel during the drilling operation. In such cases, the retrieved core samples can no longer be described as substantially undisturbed.

[0012] To date, there is no available drilling equipment that is said to be truly suitable for collecting substantially undisturbed soil samples not only from solid bedrock but also In particular From loose bedrock from loose ground in the form of cores. No known equipment functions reliably over the long term and enables cores to be collected and retrieved in a highly efficient and simple manner, especially from loose ground, so that as many cores as possible can be retrieved intact each time. SUMMARY

[0013] Against this background, it is the task of the present invention to specify a drilling system, i.e. a method and an apparatus for collecting substantially undisturbed soil samples from In particular Loosely but equally from solid subsoil, which is significantly superior to conventional methods in several respects. The actual drilling should be faster, and possible drilling interruptions should be reduced to a minimum time window. The apparatus is intended to provide a longer service life compared to conventional drill pipes and their components. The borehole should provide substantially undisturbed soil samples, and depending on the nature of the soil samples, should be able to be preserved in such a way that the information value of the sample examination is not affected or only slightly affected in the event of disintegration due to the compatibility of the material.

[0014] This task is solved by a method according to one aspect of the invention and an apparatus for carrying out the method according to another aspect of the invention.

[0015] In the following description, the drilling system, i.e. the apparatus and the method of operating with the apparatus, is presented, and individual features and aspects of the method and apparatus are described in an understandable manner. The specific features and operation of the apparatus and its components are explained in detail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] It is shown:

[0017] Figure 1 : hammer drill with drive and hammer for hammering rotation of the drilling head;

[0018] Figure 2 : hammer drill in a lying position viewed from below;

[0019] Figure 3 : hammer drill with drilling head in an upright position;

[0020] Figure 4: The drill bit section shown separately, wherein its external threads are for screwing into the drill pipe;

[0021] Figure 5 : Figure 4 The drill bit shown in longitudinal section has a central axial orifice for flushing holes and a radial orifice for ventilation.

[0022] Figure 6 A modular drilling system consisting of a drill head, drill pipe, initial casing, and drill bit attached to the initial casing;

[0023] Figure 7 Viewed from below at a certain angle Figure 6 Composite drilling system;

[0024] Figure 8 The drill pipe, viewed from a slightly downward angle, serves as an extension.

[0025] Figure 9 Viewed from an obliquely upward angle as an extension Figure 8 The drill pipe;

[0026] Figure 10 : A magnified view of the drill bit as seen from below;

[0027] Figure 11 Assembly and observation from top to bottom: Press flush recovery tube adapter (PFR adapter), followed by press flush recovery tube PFR, and at the bottom of press flush recovery tube PFR is sleeve or core trap;

[0028] Figure 12 : The PFR adapter to be placed on top of the press-flush recovery tube PFR;

[0029] Figure 13 : The press-flush recovery tube (PFR) as an extension, seen from below at a certain angle;

[0030] Figure 14 : The casing adapter used to connect the casing or core catcher to the press flush recovery tube, as seen from the upper to the lower angle;

[0031] Figure 15 View from below to above: Figure 14 A sleeve adapter for connecting a sleeve or core catcher to a press flush recovery tube under impact pressure.

[0032] Figure 16 From Figure 14 and Figure 15 Linear exploded view of the components of the sleeve adapter;

[0033] Figure 17: Sleeve or core catcher seen from below and to the side;

[0034] Figure 18 : Sleeve or core catcher seen from above and to the side;

[0035] Figure 19 : Deployment spring retainer in the sleeve for holding the core;

[0036] Figure 20 : Press flush recovery tube with sleeve inserted into the initial tube, after which it is removed from the initial tube;

[0037] Figure 21 : Press flush recovery tube with which the sleeve or core catcher is pulled out of the initial tube;

[0038] Figure 22 : Press flush recovery tube after the sleeve or core catcher has been pulled out of the initial tube;

[0039] Figure 23 : Sleeve adapter pulled out of the sleeve at the bottom of the press flush recovery tube;

[0040] Figure 24 : Lower part of the sleeve adapter shown enlarged, whereby the hole for the fixing bolt and the fixing bolt close to the hole are observed;

[0041] Figure 25 : Press flush recovery tube with sleeve adapter during connection of an empty sleeve or evacuation of a sleeve;

[0042] Figure 26 : Press flush recovery tube with sleeve adapter and empty sleeve before insertion into the initial tube;

[0043] Figure 27 : Press flush recovery tube with sleeve adapter and empty sleeve inserted into the initial tube when the drill pipe is placed on the initial tube;

[0044] Figure 28 : Drill pipe located above the press flush recovery tube is moved down onto the initial tube;

[0045] Figure 29 : Drill pipe is screwed onto the initial tube;

[0046] Figure 30 : Drill pipe ready to be screwed onto the initial tube;

[0047] Figure 31 : PFR adapter at the top of the press flush recovery tube placed on the top of the press flush recovery tube;

[0048] Figure 32: PFR adapter ready for installation of the press flush recovery pipe;

[0049] Figure 33 : drilling head above the top end of the press flush recovery pipe and top drill pipe;

[0050] Figure 34 : enlarged view of the lower threaded section of the drilling head and the PFR adapter with the press flush recovery pipe connected at the inside bottom of the drill pipe;

[0051] Figure 35 : drilling head with drive flange lowered over the upper end of the press flush recovery pipe for screwing onto the drill pipe;

[0052] Figure 36 : drilling head with drive flange screwed onto the drill pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] First of all, Figure 1 A hammer drill with driver and hammer for hammering rotation of the drilling head is shown, as such hammer drills are commercially available. At the bottom, an output shaft 1 with threads 3 protrudes and is rotated by a laterally arranged hydraulic driver 2. The hammer drill encloses a hammering mechanism inside, which exerts a ramming force from above to the output shaft 1. The rotational speed of the driver varies from about 50 to 1000 rpm. The lower the speed, the greater the torque applied to the output shaft 1, which at 50 rpm reaches about 15 kNm. The hammering impacts are generated at a hydraulic pressure of up to 200 bar and have an impact energy of up to 500 Nm and an impact rhythm of up to 2400 min -1 . The hammer drill is shown in Figure 2 from below with the output shaft 1 protruding below and in Figure 3 in the upright use position, as the hammer drill is used, wherein the drilling head 5 is connected to the output shaft 1 below, for which purpose the threads 3 of the output shaft 1 have been screwed into the drilling head. Figure 4 The separate drilling head is shown and enlarged, wherein its outer threads for screwing into the drill pipe and in Figure 5 the drilling head is still shown in longitudinal section. The central axial bore 6 for flushing, the axial bore 37 with inner wall from below and the radial bore 7 for venting can be seen.

[0054] Starting from Figure 6 the drilling system according to the invention is now presented and described. Here, the overall drilling system 4 is first seen from the outside. Its principle is very simple and consists of only eight components, namely the following, which are visible from the outside from top to bottom:

[0055] 1. drilling head 5

[0056] 2. Drill pipe 9 formed by screwing one or more drill pipe sections together

[0057] 3. Initial pipe 8

[0058] 4. Drill head 10

[0059] Inside the drill pipe 9 or drill pipe sections and the initial pipe 8, thus inside the Figure 6 not visible, as shown from above to below: Figure 11

[0060] 5. Press flush recovery pipe adapter (PFR adapter) 18

[0061] 6. One or more press flush recovery pipes (PFR) 19 screwed together

[0062] 7. Sleeve adapter 21

[0063] 8. Sleeve 17

[0064] First, Figure 6 An assembled drilling system 4 is shown, with the drilling head 5 at the top for driving. The drilling head is screwed into the internal threads of the adjacent drill pipe 9, and can then be driven and made to rotate in a clockwise direction, as seen from above. Here, the lower external threads of the drill pipe 9 are screwed into matching internal threads at the top of the initial pipe 8. These threads are relatively coarse threads milled from the pipe material. For each screwing together accomplished by means of the rotating drilling head 5, the threads are preferably relubricated. With one or more drill pipe sections, the drill pipe 9 can be extended to correspondingly more deeply advance into the ground. The drill pipe sections advantageously measure approximately 1 meter in length. They are then convenient to use, and can be carried by one person and stored as a stack at the drilling rig for insertion. The initial pipe 8 carries a drill head 10 at its lower end. Figure 7 A composite drilling system is shown as seen from obliquely below, while Figure 8 A single drill pipe 9 is shown as seen from obliquely below. At the lower end, a relatively coarse external thread 11 is formed on the drill pipe, by means of which the drill pipe can be screwed into matching internal threads 12 on the next drill pipe 9 (such a pipe is shown as Figure 9 seen from above), or by means of which the drill pipe can be screwed into the lowermost pipe, i.e. the initial pipe 8. Seen from above, the hammer drill driver rotates clockwise when drilling, i.e. in the sense of screwing these connection threads 11, 12. Of course, it is also possible to drill in the opposite direction, the clockwise direction, in the same way, but the threads used must also run in the opposite direction.

[0065] Finally, Figure 10 ​An enlarged view of the drill bit 10 is shown as seen from an oblique lower side. The drilling segments 13, which are offset with a hard metal pin, are brazed to the bottom of the drill bit, and lateral outer cleaning elements 15 with an inclined surface 14 provide upward cleaning. The volume of material axially located below the drill bit segments 13 of the drill bit 10, i.e. directly below the rotating ring formed by the drill bit 10, is partially injected into the drill core and partially into the surroundings, and a portion of the material is transported upward as a cover layer on the outside of the drill bit 10 and the initial pipe 8 and the drill pipe 9. In the lower region of the drill bit 10, a shoulder 16 is formed on the inside as a radially inwardly projecting protrusion, on which a sleeve or drill sample sleeve or drill core catcher rests, although this is not shown here. The sleeve is flush with the inside of the protrusion. Thus, as the drill bit 10 advances, the sinking sleeve or drill core catcher overlaps and tightly encloses the exposed drill core. Other commercially available drill bits, such as diamond drill bits or otherwise sharpened drill bits, can be used.

[0066] Starting from the bottom, Figure 11 A sleeve 17 or drill core catcher is shown. After the top, the sleeve adapter 21 can be seen, then the press flush recovery pipe 19 and its upper press flush recovery pipe adapter 18, on which the hammer blow of the pile driver acts. In the example shown, this pressure, the press flush recovery pipe 19, rotates in unison with the initial pipe 8 and any inserted drill pipe sections for the drill pipe 9. Figure 6

[0067] A very special and very important element is the sleeve adapter 21 shown here between the press flush recovery pipe 19 and the sleeve 17 or drill core catcher. The sinking sleeve 17, which does not rotate during drilling advancement, encloses the drill core growing in it while the press flush recovery pipe 19 rotates and impacts. Only strong and high-frequency ramming impacts act on the sleeve 17 from the press flush recovery pipe 19 and stress the sleeve adapter 21 with enormous force peaks. Therefore, the adapter must be interposed between the rotation of the press flush recovery pipe 19 and the non-rotating sleeve 17, and at the same time, on the one hand, is able to absorb and permanently withstand enormous impacts under high impact cadence, and, on the other hand, translates the rotation of the press flush recovery pipe 19 into non-rotating support for the sleeve 17. This cannot be done without sliding friction, so it is clear that a large amount of friction heat is also generated. This must be able to be thermally absorbed by the sleeve adapter 21, and at the same time the sleeve adapter 21 must be sufficiently cooled to cope with and dissipate this continuously occurring friction heat to the outside.

[0068] Figure 12 ​An enlarged view of the press flush recovery pipe adapter 18 or PFR adapter that presses the upper part of the press flush recovery pipe 19 is shown. Through an axial bore with an inner wall 52, flush water flows down through the interior of the press flush recovery pipe 19 and is guided outward within the sleeve adapter 21 to the outside of the initial pipe 8. On the press flush recovery pipe adapter 18, a circumferential annular groove 54 can be seen into which an O-ring is inserted for sealing against the inner wall of the axial bore 37 of the drilling head 5.

[0069] Figure 13 A hollow press flush recovery pipe section (PFR) 53 is shown as an extension pipe for the hollow press flush recovery pipe 19 as needed, which simply threads its lower exterior threads to the associated interior threads of the upper part of the press flush recovery pipe 19 connected below. The extension pipe 53 thus essentially corresponds to the actual press flush recovery pipe 19, which in the example shown has interior threads for the extension at the top.

[0070] In the following, a very important and specific element of this drilling system will be presented, namely the sleeve adapter 21 that ensures the connection from the PFR 19 to the casing 17. For this purpose, Figure 14 An impact pressure-resistant sleeve adapter 21 for connecting the sleeve 17 or drill core catcher to the press flush recovery pipe PFR 19 is shown as viewed obliquely from above. At the top, a threaded stub pipe 35 protrudes from the sleeve adapter 21 and ends in the base body 22 of the sleeve adapter at the bottom, which forms a plate or shoulder 44 at the top. The press flush recovery pipe 19 threads with its lower interior threads to the threaded stub pipe 35 on the base body 22, which thus rotates in unison with the drill pipe 9 and the rotating press flush recovery pipe 19. Directly below this is a sealing ring 36, which is preferably made of hard plastic rubber and can rotate with the base body 22. Between the base body 22 and the stationary receiving ring 23, the rotation of the press flush recovery pipe 19 is thus absorbed, so that the stationary lower part 24 of the adapter 21 is connected to the sleeve 17 in a pressure-locked but non-rotating manner. Above the visible part of the lower part 24, a sliding sleeve 25 is seen here, the meaning of which will become clear. The sleeve 17 or core catcher is pushed precisely onto this lower part 24 from below until the upper edge of the sleeve 17 abuts the sliding sleeve 25 at the bottom. A pressure ring 33 made of hardened steel is also attached at the bottom of the adapter receiving ring 23. At the bottom of the lower part 24 of the base body 22, a rubber gasket 27 can still be seen that protrudes slightly radially beyond the lower part 24 for sealing the sleeve adapter 21 against the inner wall of the sleeve 17.

[0071] In Figure 15In the middle, the sleeve adapter 21 is shown as viewed from an oblique lower side. Here, again from top to bottom, first the threaded stub 35 for screwing from above on the press flush recovery pipe 19 can be seen, then the shoulder 44 of the base body 22 of the sleeve adapter 21, after which the plastic hard rubber sealing ring 36 rests on the receiving ring 23. After that, the sliding sleeve 25 and below it the pressure ring 33 made of hardened steel can be seen. The slightly radially protruding rubber ring 27 for sealing the sleeve adapter 21 against the inner wall of the sleeve 17 is clamped to the lower part 24 by the steel washer 29 and here four axial screws 31. It can also be seen: the diameter hole 43 for the fixing bolt, which then extends through this diameter hole in the lower part 24, and the hole 38 for the locking bolt, as will be clear from the following figure.

[0072] The detailed construction of the sleeve adapter 21 can be seen from Figure 16 , Figure 16 The sleeve adapter 21 is shown in the form of an exploded view, in which the parts are exploded along their central axis. Starting from the top, first the base body 22 of the adapter 21 intended for rotation can be seen, after which the sealing ring 36, i.e. the plastic hard rubber ring for sealing against the initial pipe 8. It then rests on the receiving ring 23 shown below. This receiving ring 23 is stationary in operation, i.e. does not rotate, and it merges into a conical section at the bottom and has radial holes 41 around it in which cylindrical pins 32 fit, which are further shown down to the lower section 24 and whose function will immediately become clear. Below the receiving ring 23, the elastic snap ring / Seeger ring 26 is shown as a retaining ring, which, when assembled, rests in an annular groove 45 on the base body 22. From below, this likewise stationary lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21 is pushed onto the conical part of the receiving ring 23 and then the cylindrical pins 32, which are pulled apart around it, are pressed from the outside into the radial holes 42 on the lower part 24 and into the radial holes 41 on the receiving ring 23, which they align with, whereby the two parts 23, 24 are connected to each other in a rotationally fixed manner. After insertion of these cylindrical pins 32, the sliding sleeve 25 is slid over the conical lower part of the receiving ring 23, while covering and thus holding these cylindrical pins 32.

[0073] Subsequently, the retaining ring 26 is inserted into the annular groove 45 at the lower end of the base body 22 so that it is seated on the base body 22 together with the positioning ring 23 held in the axial direction. The lower part 24 of the adapter 21 has a diametric hole 43 for receiving a fixing pin (not shown). There are two further radial holes 38 at right angles to this diametric hole 43 lying on a common axis, into which holding bolts 34 are inserted in order to hold the inserted fixing bolts. These two holding bolts 34 each have a pressure-loaded ball core 40 in front, which engages in a longitudinal groove on the inserted positioning bolt and, for example, engages in a recess 56 lying in the middle along the length of the groove, thereby holding it. After insertion in the hole 38, the holding bolts 34 are each fixed by means of a resilient baffle ring / Seg ring 39. From above, the washing water flowing downwards through the hollow press flush recovery pipe 19 flows outwards, as this will become clear, by means of a fixing bolt drilled axially in the hole 43. This washing water first flows through the sleeve adapter 21 and then radially out of its lower part 24, i.e. on both sides through the fixing bolt in its axial hole to its end face and thus to the outside. The thrust ring 33 absorbs the axial forces acting on the sliding sleeve 25 and distributes them evenly to the positioning ring 23 made of aluminium bronze. The rubber washer 27 and to a lesser extent the steel washer 29 are clamped on the four washers 28 and held to the lower part 24 by means of the four screws 31 shown and the spring washers 30 associated with them.

[0074] Figure 17The sleeve 17 or core catcher is shown as viewed from below at an angle. At the lower edge, the sleeve 17 is equipped on its inner side with a plurality of spring steel pieces 20, which are distributed around its circumference, which protrude here arcuately upwards and towards the central axis of the sleeve 17. When the sleeve 17, which is subjected to ramming impacts from above in the same way as the initial pipe 8 and the drill head 10, is inverted from above on the drill core exposed by the drill head 10 and the initial pipe 8 drilling advance, these spring steel pieces 20 are pressed against the inner wall of the sleeve 17 by the drill core and the sleeve 17 is further placed on the stationary drill core with pure axial movement without rotating, with the spring steel pieces 20 being applied to its inner side in this way. However, these spring steel pieces 20 act as barbs when the sleeve 17 is pulled upwards with the press flush recovery pipe 19. If the drill core does not generate sufficient adhesion when the sleeve 17 is pulled upwards with the press flush recovery pipe, these spring steel pieces 20 radially engage the drill core when the sleeve 17 makes the slightest slide over the drill core, bend towards the central axis of the sleeve 17 and form a catching basket for the drill core, so that the drill core is held firmly in the sleeve 17 and prevented from sliding downwards, i.e. reliably prevented from core loss in loose rock. At the upper edge region of the sleeve 17, radial holes 46 can be seen for the outflow of flush water from the sleeve adapter 21.

[0075] Figure 18 The sleeve 17 or core catcher is shown as viewed from above at an angle, and here it can be seen that two diametrically aligned holes 46 are formed in the upper edge region of the sleeve 17. When the sleeve 17 slides over the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21, these two holes 46 are located above the radial holes 43 in the lower part 24, so that the flush water that flows from the end faces of the fixed pins inserted there flows ultimately from the inside to the outside of the adapter 21 and to the outermost side through these aligned holes 46 in the upper region of the sleeve 17. This flush water performs several functions. First, it cools the sleeve adapter 21, which is heated by the sliding friction between the rotating base body 22, the plastic-hard rubber sliding ring 36 and the stationary receiving ring 23 and the lower part 24, and by the ramming impacts. Furthermore, it lubricates between the outside of the non-rotating sleeve 17 and the inside of the initial pipe 8 that rotates around the sleeve, and finally it transports the debris radially outwards from below the drill head 10 and subsequently upwards over the outside of the initial pipe 8. This continuously flushes the borehole and also lubricates and cools the outside of the initial pipe 8. However, depending on the conditions, dry drilling can also be carried out.

[0076] Figure 19 The insert with spring steel pieces 20 is shown spread out in a relaxed state, which spring steel pieces can be said to form a comb here. This comb is rolled up lengthwise and then inserted into the bottom of the sleeve 17, where it rests on the inner shoulder 58, as can be seen in the cross section of the sleeve 17 in Fig. 4.Figure 17 can be seen.

[0077] Thus, the individual components of the drilling system are disclosed and described. Now, how does the drilling system work with loose drilling and retrieving of drill cores? For this purpose, the entire process is explained by means of a series of figures, for example as shown in Figures 20 to 36 .

[0078] Figure 20 Firstly at the bottom the exposed initial pipe 8 is shown, and in the initial pipe there is a casing 17, and the hollow press flush recovery pipe 19 is screwed on the casing by means of the casing adapter 21. Shown above is the drilling head 5, which here is set in rotation by the hydraulic drilling drive of the hammer drill 2 via the flange 47. Depending on the desired drilling depth, between this drilling head 5 and the lowest section, namely the initial pipe 8, drill pipe sections can be inserted as extension pipes of the drill pipe 9 as desired. The drilling head 5 is screwed onto the initial pipe 8 directly at the start. Then drilling is carried out until the initial pipe 8 is almost drilled into the bottom. The drilling head 5 is then unscrewed from the initial pipe 8 by reverse rotation. When the initial pipe 8 is exposed as shown here, i.e. the drilling head 5 with the removed drive flange 47, the press flush recovery pipe 19 can be pulled out of the initial pipe 8 axially upwards as shown in Figure 21 , in which the sleeve adapter 21 is just revealed in the initial pipe. In Figure 22 , the adapter 21 has been pulled out of the initial pipe 8 completely with the press flush recovery pipe 19 together with the sleeve 17 or drill core catcher hanging from it. Here the face of the fixing bolt 48 can be seen, which holds the sleeve 17 firmly to the sleeve adapter 21. In this case, the sleeve 17 is pulled out of the initial pipe 8 by means of the press flush recovery pipe 19 until it finally reaches the ground.

[0079] Once at the ground, as shown in Figure 23 , the fixing bolt 48 is knocked out or pulled out or pushed out of the hole 43 in the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21, as already done in the view. Here only the empty diameter hole 43 in the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21 is visible. The locking pin 34 is inserted into the two holes 38 at right angles to the hole 43, which in the front has ball cores 40 pressurized by means of compression springs, as can be seen in Figure 16 . As is clear from Figure 24 , the fixing bolt 48 is driven out of the diameter hole 43 in the front by the fixing bolt 34 against the resistance of these pressure-loaded ball cores 40.

[0080] Figure 24The lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21 is shown, which is enlarged to view the diameter hole 43 for the fixing bolt 48, which is shown separately next to it. However, in order to insert the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21, the fixing bolt must first be rotated 45° about its longitudinal axis, as indicated by the arrow. From this positioning pin 48, on both opposite sides are recessed longitudinal grooves 50 in the shape of a channel, the bottom of the groove of which has a curved recess 56 here in the middle of the positioning pin 48. These spring-loaded ball cores 40 of the holding bolt 34 Figure 16 ) fit into these recesses 56, and only when the fixing bolt 48 receives a sufficiently strong blow in the longitudinal direction can it overcome its holding by pushing the spring-loaded ball cores 40 back and then can be pushed or pulled out of the hole 43, while its longitudinal groove 50 slides past the ball cores 40 outward. As can be seen here, a central transverse hole 49 is formed in the positioning pin 48, which communicates with the axial hole 55. These holes 49, 55 are used to guide the flushing water, which is delivered into the sleeve adapter 21 from above through the axial hole 51, enters the fixing bolt 48 through the transverse hole 49, and then in the fixing bolt along the axial hole 55 out of its end face. On the sleeve 17 in Figure 25 , the reader can still see one of the orifices 46, into which the positioning pin 48 previously engaged and held, through which the flushing water exits.

[0081] After the sleeve 17 or the core catcher has been brought to a horizontal position at the surface and the core lying in it has been carefully pushed out of the sleeve 17 onto the pot-shaped core carrier with a piston, mechanically or hydraulically, the core is present almost undisturbed. The empty sleeve 17 can be immediately reinserted to remove the next core, or the ready empty sleeve 17 can be immediately reinserted. In a variant, a liner can be inserted into the sleeve 17, which then lines the inside of the sleeve 17 and the core grows into it. In this case, the retrieved core is pushed out of the sleeve 17 together with the liner and then lies intact like a sausage. Individual slices can be cut in batches to examine the structure of the core and how it changes along its entire length. If the sleeve 17 is brought to the surface together with the core during the process, after the sleeve 17 has been separated from the sleeve adapter 21, the empty sleeve 17 can be immediately and without any delay connected to the sleeve adapter 21 and the sleeve can be immediately lowered again into the initial tube 8 in the borehole, so that drilling can continue without having to interrupt the drilling work because of the removal of the core from the retrieved sleeve 17.

[0082] Figure 25It is shown how the sleeve adapter 21 is connected to the empty sleeve 17 by lowering it into the empty sleeve and that when the orifice 43 on the sleeve adapter 21 is aligned with the orifice 46 on the sleeve 17, the positioning pin 48 can be inserted and the sleeve 17 is ready to be lowered into the initial pipe 8 with the press flush recovery pipe 19. In Figure 26 this is shown. Once the sleeve 17 is fully inserted into the initial pipe 8, i.e. in contact with the bottom of the drill head 10, the next step follows, as shown in Figure 27 . The drill pipe 9 is slipped as an extension pipe over the press flush recovery pipe 19 and is lowered onto the bottom of the initial pipe 8, as shown in Figure 28 , and is then screwed onto the initial pipe 8, as shown in Figure 29 . After the screwing, the situation is as shown in Figure 30 . Finally, first the press flush recovery pipe adapter 18 of the press flush recovery pipe 19 is fitted or screwed on, as shown in Figure 31 , and then the drill head 5 is screwed on with the drive flange 47 from the situation as shown in Figure 32 , as shown in Figure 33 . The details here are shown in Figure 34 to 36 .

[0083] From this description and the drawings, it can be seen that the press flush recovery pipe 19 is correctly named. Initially, the press flush recovery pipe rotates in unison with the drill pipe 9 or the initial pipe 8 during drilling and the sleeve adapter 21 at its lower end mediates to the stationary sleeve 17 or the drill core catcher. The hard percussive impacts on the press flush recovery pipe 19 are reliably and directly transmitted to the sleeve 17 or the drill core catcher through the sleeve adapter 21. The sleeve or the drill core catcher is thus pressed down with the same pressure as the drill head 10, which ensures that the sleeve 17 continuously sinks over the exposed drill core. The press flush recovery pipe 19 thus fulfils the pressure function first. During drilling, flushing water can be pumped down through the press flush recovery pipe 19 and directed outwards through the sleeve adapter 21, i.e. first axially through the press flush recovery pipe 19, then axially through the sleeve adapter 21 and finally radially, i.e. on both end faces in the axial direction through the diametrically inserted fixing bolts 48, and then outwards through the holes 46 on the sleeve 17. Thus, the press flush recovery pipe 19 also has the flushing function second. When the filled sleeve 17 with the drill core trapped therein needs to be recovered, after the drill head 5 has been loosened, the sleeve 17 and the drill core therein are recovered with the aid of the press flush recovery pipe 19. Thus, thirdly, the press flush recovery pipe 19 also has the recovery function. It integrally combines these three important functions.

[0084] In the embodiments described so far, the press flush recovery pipe 19 rotates with the drilling head 5 and the drill pipe 9, and the sleeve adapter 21 is transferred to the non-rotating sleeve 17 or the rotating sleeve 17 by having two axially consecutive parts that can rotate relative to each other. Between the axially consecutive parts, preferably a sealing ring 36 made of plastic hard rubber is arranged. If now, in an alternative embodiment, a rotating disc body - hereinafter referred to as drilling head adapter - that is configured similarly to the sleeve adapter is screwed with its threaded stub at the top into a hole in the drilling head 5, which drilling head has an internal thread for this purpose, the upper part of the rotating disc body or drilling head adapter rotates with the drilling head 5, while the lower part that can rotate relative to the upper part remains stationary. The rotating disc body is connected to the now upper end of the rotating flush recovery pipe 19 in the same way as the already existing lower part of the sleeve adapter 21 with a fixing bolt, which however does not require an axial hole, but only a lateral hole for allowing the flush water to pass downwards. At the bottom, the press flush recovery pipe 19 is then screwed to the lower part of the sleeve adapter 21 only, which lower part forms a threaded stub at the top for this purpose, and the rotating flush recovery pipe 19 has an associated internal thread at the bottom. The lower part of the sleeve adapter 21 is connected to the sleeve 17 by a fixing bolt 48 with its axial hole 55, as already presented. As before, the flush is carried out through the press flush recovery pipe 19 and the lower part of the sleeve adapter 21 and then outwards through the fixing bolt 48 from the drilling head 5. In this alternative embodiment, again, the press flush recovery pipe 19 performs the three functions mentioned above, namely, first, exerts pressure on the sleeve 17, second, flushes and thus cools the sleeve, and third, retracts the sleeve, i.e. pulls it up to the daylight, when the sleeve 17 is filled. And despite the fact that the press flush recovery pipe 19 in this embodiment remains non-rotating, the sleeve 17 can rotate with the drill core, if the sleeve rotates some degrees during the sinking of the drill core, and the drilling head adapter at the top as rotating disc body and its two parts that follow each other axially and can rotate relative to each other are transferred to the rotating drilling head 5 in this case.

[0085] With the method for coring drilling in loose to firm ground and for collecting drilling samples or soil samples from the loose to firm ground according to the invention and the device for carrying out the method according to the invention, almost undisturbed drilling samples or soil samples can be collected, enabling an optimal evaluation and analysis of the content of the drilling samples or the soil samples.

[0086] List of reference signs

[0087] 1 output shaft of hammer drill

[0088] 2 hydraulic drilling drive of hammer drill

[0089] Thread on output shaft 1

[0090] 4 Drilling System

[0091] 5. Drill probe section

[0092] 6. Axial hole at the drill probe section

[0093] 7. Radial holes (for ventilation) at the drill probe.

[0094] 8 initial tubes

[0095] 9. Drill pipe, drill pipe extension

[0096] 10 drill bits

[0097] External thread at the bottom of 11 drill pipe / extension pipe 9

[0098] Internal thread at the top of 12 drill pipe / extension pipe 9

[0099] 13. Drill bit fragment with tungsten carbide tip

[0100] 14. Inclined surface on overload element 15

[0101] 15 peeling elements

[0102] 16 Inclined radial protrusions

[0103] 17 sleeves, core catcher

[0104] 18 Press-to-flush recovery tube adapter

[0105] 19 Press-flush recovery tube

[0106] Spring steel component at the lower inner edge of the 20-core trap 17

[0107] 21 Press the sleeve adapter between the flush recovery tube and the sleeve / core catcher 17.

[0108] 22 Sleeve adapter 21 Base body at the top

[0109] 23 Sleeve Adapter 21 Positioning Ring

[0110] 24-sleeve adapter 21 lower part

[0111] 25 Sleeve Adapter 21 Sliding Sleeve

[0112] 26 flexible retaining ring, preferably DIN 471-65 x 2.5

[0113] 27 Socket adapter 21 bottom rubber gasket

[0114] 28 socket adapter 21 washer

[0115] 29 Steel washer at the bottom of the sleeve adapter 21

[0116] 30 Spring washer, preferably DIN 128 - A8

[0117] 31 Screw, preferably hexagonal screw with ISO 4017 - M8 x 20 from thread to head

[0118] 32 Parallel pin, preferably NW 8 x 25 mm with internal thread M5

[0119] 33 Thrust ring of the sleeve adapter 21

[0120] 34 Locking bolt with pressure ball core 40

[0121] 35 Threaded short tube on the top of the sleeve adapter 21

[0122] 36 Upper sealing ring, preferably made of plastic hard rubber

[0123] 37 Axial hole in the drilling head 5

[0124] 38 Bore of the locking bolt 34

[0125] 39 Resilient snap ring / bellows ring for the locking bolt 34

[0126] 40 Pressure-loaded ball core in front of the locking bolt 34

[0127] 41 Radial hole around the stationary positioning ring 23 of the sleeve adapter 21

[0128] 42 Radial hole around the stationary lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21

[0129] 43 Bore on the stationary lower part of the fixing bolt 48

[0130] 44 Shoulder at the top of the base body 22 of the sleeve adapter 21

[0131] 45 Annular groove at the bottom of the base body 22

[0132] 46 Diameter bore at the top of the sleeve 17

[0133] 47 Drive flange on the drilling head 5

[0134] 48 Fixing bolt in the lower part 24 of the sleeve adapter 21

[0135] 49 Transverse bore in the fixing bolt 48

[0136] 50 Longitudinal groove in the fixing bolt 48

[0137] 51 axial hole for irrigation water in lower part 24 of sleeve adapter 21

[0138] 52 inner wall pressing irrigation recovery tube adapter 18 axial hole

[0139] 53 pressing irrigation recovery tube section as extension tube

[0140] 54 O-ring groove on pressing irrigation recovery tube adapter 18

[0141] 55 axial hole in set screw 48

[0142] 56 recess in middle of longitudinal groove 50.

Claims

1. A method for core drilling in loose to firm ground and for collecting samples from the loose to firm ground, in which an initial tube (8) is drilled into the ground by means of a drilling system (4) with a rotating and superimposed ramming, which drilling system is fastened at the bottom with the initial tube (8) and a drill bit (10) and has a possible attachable drill pipe (9) consisting of one or more drill pipe sections, in which, within the initial tube (8), a sleeve (17) travels axially with the initial tube (8), characterized in that a) the initial tube (8) with the drill bit (10) arranged at the end and the possible attachable drill pipe (9) are drilled into the ground in a rotating and hammering manner by means of a drivable drilling head (5) that can withstand hammer impacts, the sleeve (17) in the initial tube (8) is held by the initial tube without rotating as a result of the core growing into the sleeve (17) relatively, and is pressed down from above by means of a press flush recovery tube (19) so that the sleeve (17) moves down in the axial direction with the initial tube (8), as a result of which the core grows into the interior of the sleeve (17), wherein the press flush recovery tube (19) rotates with the initial tube (8) and the possible attachable drill pipe (9) and pressurizes the sleeve (17) without rotating via a sleeve adapter (21) with components that can rotate relative to one another, or a rotating disc body as a drilling head adapter rotates at the top and is connected to the rotating drilling head (5) and the press flush recovery tube (19) pressurizes the sleeve (17) without rotating, b) after the sleeve (17) has been filled, the drilling head (5) is lifted from the initial tube (8) or the possible attachable drill pipe (9), and by unscrewing any drill pipe that is still above ground level above the initial tube (8), the press flush recovery tube (19) is exposed and pulled out of the initial tube (8) together with the sleeve (17), and the sleeve (17) is detached from the press flush recovery tube (19).

2. The method of claim 1, characterized in that after step b) c) the empty sleeve (17) is connected at the bottom to the press flush recovery tube (19) and is lowered into the initial tube (8) with the press flush recovery tube (19) hanging on it, and depending on the drilling depth, one or more sections of the press flush recovery tube (19) are inserted as extension pipes (53), respectively, one or more drill pipe sections for the possible attachable drill pipe (9) are inserted and coupled to the drilling head (5), d) drilling is continued until the sleeve (17) is full, then step b) is repeated, and wherein, in parallel with these processes or time-delayed, the core is mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically ejected from the horizontal position of the sleeve (17) in the recovered sleeve (17) into a suitable horizontal tubular section.

3. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that At the lower end of the sleeve (17), as the sleeve (17) is lowered, initially spring steel members (20) directed towards the centre inside the lower open area of the sleeve are flipped upwards as the drill sample flips and grows into the sleeve (17) and as the sleeve (17) is pulled out, the spring steel members (20) hold the drill core in the sleeve (17).

4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that A fixing rod is not installed to keep the sleeve (17).

5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the initial pipe (8) and possibly attachable drill pipe (9) and the press flush recovery pipe (19) are connected and disconnected by screwing and unscrewing the drill head (5) which is mechanically driven by a rotary drive.

6. An apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, the apparatus having a rotary drive with a rotatable drilling head (5) which can be subjected to impacts from above by means of a pile driver and the torque of which can be transmitted to an initial pipe (8) arranged at the end with a drill bit (10) and to a possible attachable drill pipe (9) consisting of one or more drill pipe sections top connected to the initial pipe (8), characterized in that inside the initial pipe (8) a sleeve (17) is washed free from rotation, whereby the sleeve (17) is connected to the rotating drilling head (5) in a pressure- and traction-locked manner by means of a sleeve adapter (21) with mutually rotatable parts and a press wash recovery pipe (19) connected to the sleeve adapter, whereby either the press wash recovery pipe (19) is connected to the drilling head (5) in a co-rotating manner and the sleeve (17) can be impacted by the press wash recovery pipe (19) via the sleeve adapter (21) detachable from the sleeve (17), or the press wash recovery pipe (19) is connected to the drilling head (5) in a non-rotating manner and the sleeve (17) can be impacted by the press wash recovery pipe (19) with pressure, while a rotary disc body as a drilling head adapter is arranged at the top of the press wash recovery pipe (19) with mutually rotatable parts and connected to the rotating drilling head (5).

7. The device of claim 6, characterized in that , the sleeve (17) is seated with its lower end against a radially inwardly projecting protrusion (16) at an upper end of the drill head (10) which rotates together rotationally free at the bottom of the initial tube (8).

8. The apparatus of any one of claims 6-7, characterized in that A fixed bar for holding the sleeve (17) is not installed.

9. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the sleeve (17) has in its lower open region a spring steel piece (20) projecting into the interior for holding a received drill core.

10. The device of any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the parts of the sleeve adapter (21) or the rotary disc body that are rotatable relative to each other are axially continuous as a drilling head adapter with an interposed sealing ring (36) made of plastic hard rubber.

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