Self and mutual capacitance hybrid touch sensor panel architecture

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a self- and mutual-capacitance hybrid touch sensor panel architecture. A touch sensor panel is disclosed herein. The touch sensor panel includes a first set of touch electrodes configured to operate as drive lines and disposed in a first layer of the touch sensor panel. The touch sensor panel also includes a second set of touch electrodes configured to operate as sense lines and disposed in a second layer of the touch sensor panel different from the first layer of the touch sensor panel such that one or more mutual-capacitance touch nodes are formed by the first set of touch electrodes and the second set of touch electrodes. The touch sensor panel further includes a third set of touch electrodes configured to operate as self-capacitance electrodes and disposed in the first layer or the second layer of the touch sensor panel.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application with international application number PCT / US2018 / 000253, international application date August 15, 2018, entry into the Chinese national phase date February 6, 2020, Chinese national application number 201880051180.2, and invention title "Hybrid Touch Sensor Panel Architecture of Self-Capacitance and Mutual Capacitance".

[0003] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 62 / 545,920, filed August 15, 2017, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0004] This disclosure relates generally to touch sensor panels, and more specifically, to touch sensor panels having touch electrodes configured to operate in mutual capacitance touch sensing mode and self capacitance touch sensing mode. Background Technology

[0005] Many types of input devices are currently used to perform operations in computing systems, such as buttons or keys, mice, trackballs, joysticks, touch sensor panels, touchscreens, and so on. Specifically, touchscreens are popular due to their ease of operation, flexibility, and decreasing price. A touchscreen may include a touch sensor panel and a display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), an LED display, or an OLED display. The touch sensor panel may be a transparent panel with a touch-sensitive surface, and the display device may be partially or completely positioned behind the panel such that the touch-sensitive surface covers at least a portion of the visible area of ​​the display device. Touchscreens allow users to perform various functions by touching the touch sensor panel at locations typically indicated by the user interface (UI) displayed on the display device using a finger, stylus, or other object. Generally, a touchscreen can recognize touches and their locations on the touch sensor panel, and the computing system can then interpret the touch based on the displayed content at the time of the touch, and then perform one or more actions based on the touch. For some touch sensing systems, detecting a touch does not require a physical touch on the display. For example, in some capacitive touch sensing systems, the edge electric field used to detect touch may extend beyond the surface of the display, and objects close to the surface may be detected near the surface without actually touching it.

[0006] Capacitive touch sensor panels can be formed from a matrix of partially or fully transparent or opaque conductive plates (e.g., touch electrodes) made of materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO). In some examples, the conductive plates can be formed of other materials, including conductive polymers, metal meshes, graphene, nanowires (e.g., silver nanowires), or nanotubes (e.g., carbon nanotubes). As mentioned above, partly due to their substantial transparency, some capacitive touch sensor panels can be overlaid on a display to form a touchscreen. Some touchscreens can be formed by partially integrating touch-sensing circuitry into the display pixel stack structure (i.e., the stacked material layers that form the display pixels). Summary of the Invention

[0007] In some examples, sensing the mutual capacitance of touch electrodes arranged in rows and columns can determine the position of a touch on the touch sensor panel with relatively high accuracy, but may be difficult when detecting objects (e.g., fingers) that are far from the touch sensor panel (e.g., hovering above the touch sensor panel). In some examples, sensing the self-capacitance of the touch electrodes can effectively detect the position of one or more objects (e.g., fingers) that are hovering above and / or touching the touch sensor panel, but may be susceptible to noise and jitter, which can introduce errors and / or offsets into the touch output of the touch sensor panel. Furthermore, the matrix architecture of touch node electrodes used in self-capacitance sensing may require a large number of touch node electrodes and wiring traces. Therefore, it may be advantageous to combine mutual capacitance sensing and self-capacitance sensing of touch electrodes in a single touch sensor panel. Examples of this disclosure provide various touch sensing system configurations that combine mutual capacitance sensing and self-capacitance sensing of touch electrodes. Doing so can help improve the touch sensing performance of the system while reducing the number of electrodes and corresponding routing traces, and can help reduce and optimize costs and facilitate system integration. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figures 1A-1D Examples of an example mobile phone, an example media player, an example personal computer, and an example tablet computer, each of which may include an exemplary touchscreen, are shown according to the present disclosure.

[0009] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of an example computing system according to the present disclosure, illustrating a specific implementation of an example self-capacitance and mutual-capacitance hybrid touchscreen.

[0010] Figure 3 An exemplary touch sensor circuit for performing self-capacitance measurement using electrodes and sensing circuitry, according to an example of this disclosure, is shown.

[0011] Figure 4An exemplary touch sensor circuit for performing mutual capacitance measurements using two electrodes and sensing circuitry, according to an example of this disclosure, is shown.

[0012] Figures 5A-5D An exemplary touch sensor panel configuration according to an example of this disclosure is shown.

[0013] Figures 6A-6C An exemplary touch sensor panel configuration according to an example of this disclosure is shown, wherein touch node electrodes are arranged in the same layer as the drive electrodes.

[0014] Figures 7A-7B An exemplary touch sensor panel configuration according to an example of this disclosure is shown, wherein touch node electrodes are arranged in the same layer as sensing electrodes.

[0015] Figures 8A-8C An exemplary touch sensor panel configuration is shown, including driving / sensing electrodes and touch node electrodes, and their wiring traces, according to examples of this disclosure.

[0016] Figures 9A-9B An exemplary touch sensor panel configuration according to an example of this disclosure is shown, wherein the touch sensor panel is divided into quadrants.

[0017] Figures 10A-10E An exemplary touch sensor panel configuration according to an example of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In the following description of the examples, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, which form part of the following description, and specific examples that can be implemented are shown by way of example in the drawings. It should be understood that other examples and structural changes may be used without departing from the scope of the disclosed examples.

[0019] This document describes a capacitive touch sensor panel. Generally, a touch sensor panel comprises multiple plates formed of a conductive material; these plates are referred to herein as “touch electrodes.” Touch electrodes can be made of any suitable conductive material (e.g., transparent conductive oxides such as ITO or zinc aluminum oxide, metals such as copper, metal mesh materials comprising a cross-grid conductive metal structure with gaps between cross-grid metal lines, or any other suitable conductive material), which may be substantially transparent or opaque depending on the application. In some cases where the touch electrodes are substantially transparent, the touch sensor panel can be placed on or otherwise integrated into the display (e.g., the touch electrodes can be placed within a display stack and / or utilized during display operation to provide display functionality) to provide a touch-sensitive display.

[0020] During the operation of the touch sensor panel described herein, a given touch electrode or multiple electrodes can be configured to operate in a mutual capacitance touch sensing mode or a self-capacitance touch sensing mode. It should be understood that a given electrode can be used to perform mutual capacitance touch sensing at one point in time and self-capacitance touch sensing at different points in time (e.g., by reconfiguring the touch sensor circuitry used to operate the touch electrode, or by connecting the touch electrode to different touch sensor circuitry), but some of the touch electrodes can be dedicated to mutual capacitance sensing, where a given touch electrode (e.g., a “driving electrode”) can be excited using an AC waveform, and the mutual capacitance between that electrode and another touch electrode can be sensed at another electrode (e.g., a “sensing electrode”). To facilitate mutual capacitance sensing, the touch sensor panel can arrange the touch electrodes in rows and columns, where mutual capacitance can be measured at the overlap or adjacency of rows and columns. In these cases, it may be desirable for rows and columns to have a relatively high aspect ratio (e.g., a relatively high aspect ratio of 1:x, where 1 represents the height or width of the electrode, and x represents the other of the height or width of the electrode, e.g., where x is greater than 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, etc.), and in some cases, rows or columns may span a relatively large portion of the touch sensor panel (e.g., at least a quarter, at least half, or at least three-quarters of the panel). Mutual capacitance sensing can determine the location of a touch on the touch sensor panel with relatively high accuracy, but may have difficulties when detecting objects (e.g., fingers) that are far from the touch sensor panel (e.g., hovering above the touch sensor panel).

[0021] Conversely, the self-capacitance of a given touch electrode can be sensed by exciting the touch electrode with an AC waveform and measuring the self-capacitance to ground of that same touch electrode. When one or more electrodes of a touch sensor panel are operated in self-capacitance sensing mode, the electrodes can effectively detect the position of one or more objects (e.g., fingers) hovering over and / or touching the touch sensor panel, but may be susceptible to noise and jitter, which can introduce errors and / or offsets into the touch output of the touch sensor panel. Generally, touch panels optimized for self-capacitance utilize a matrix architecture, in which electrodes are arranged in a two-dimensional array to form rows and columns, each row and column including a corresponding number of electrodes. The individual electrodes are generally the same size (but it should be understood that some electrodes may be larger or smaller to accommodate wiring traces or to balance the bandwidth of the individual electrodes). Generally, it is desirable for self-capacitance electrodes to have a relatively low aspect ratio (e.g., a relatively low aspect ratio of 1:x as discussed above, where x is less than or equal to 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, and preferably less than or equal to 1.5). Depending on the panel size and the spacing / size of the individual electrodes, a matrix architecture of self-capacitance touch node electrodes can require a large number of self-capacitance touch electrodes and corresponding wiring traces. Therefore, it is advantageous to combine touch electrodes operated to sense mutual capacitance and self-capacitance in a single touch sensor panel. Examples of this disclosure provide various touch sensing system configurations that combine mutual capacitance and self-capacitance node electrodes. Doing so helps improve the touch sensing performance of the system while reducing the number of electrodes and corresponding wiring traces. It should be understood that, as described in this disclosure, a "self-capacitance electrode" can be a touch electrode operating in a self-capacitance sensing mode (which may later operate in a mutual capacitance sensing mode), and a "mutual capacitance" electrode can be a touch electrode operating in a mutual capacitance sensing mode (which may later operate in a self-capacitance sensing mode).

[0022] Figures 1A-1D An example system in which a touchscreen can be implemented according to the present disclosure is shown. Figure 1A An exemplary mobile phone 136 including a touchscreen 124 is shown. Figure 1B An exemplary digital media player 140 including a touchscreen 126 is shown. Figure 1C An exemplary personal computer 144 including a touchscreen 128 is shown. Figure 1D An exemplary tablet computer 148 including a touchscreen 130 is shown. It should be understood that the aforementioned touchscreen may also be implemented in other devices, including wearable devices.

[0023] In some examples, touchscreens 124, 126, 128, and 130 can be configured and optimized to operate using a combination of self-capacitance sensing and mutual capacitance sensing. A hybrid self-capacitance and mutual capacitance touch system may include a matrix of small, individually conductive material plates, which may be referred to as touch node electrodes (e.g., electrodes with a relatively low aspect ratio as described above), and row and column electrodes (e.g., electrodes with a relatively high aspect ratio) that may intersect each other on different layers or be adjacent to each other on the same layer (see reference below). Figure 2 (As described in the touchscreen 220). The touch node electrodes and row and column electrodes can be operated in various combinations of mutual capacitance sensing mode and self-capacitance sensing mode, as will be described in more detail below.

[0024] A hybrid self-capacitance and mutual capacitance touchscreen may include multiple individual touch node electrodes, each identifying or representing a unique location on the touchscreen where a touch or proximity (i.e., a touch event or proximity event) is to be sensed, and each touch node electrode is electrically isolated from other touch node electrodes in the touchscreen / panel. The touch node electrodes may be located on the same or different material layers on the touch sensor panel. It should be understood that in some examples, the node electrodes on the touchscreen may operate in a self-capacitance sensing mode that senses their self-capacitance, and in some examples, may be used to perform scans on the touchscreen other than self-capacitance scanning (e.g., mutual capacitance scanning combined with or replacing mutual capacitance scans of row and column electrodes). During self-capacitance operation, an AC waveform may be used to excite the touch node electrodes, and the self-capacitance of the touch node electrodes to ground may be measured. The self-capacitance of the touch node electrodes to ground may change as an object approaches the touch node electrodes. This change in the self-capacitance of the touch node electrodes may be detected and measured by the touch sensing system to determine the positions of multiple objects when multiple objects touch or approach the touchscreen. In some examples, the touchscreen may be multi-touch, single-touch, projected scanning, full-imaging multi-touch, capacitive touch, etc.

[0025] As discussed above, a hybrid self-capacitance and mutual-capacitance touchscreen may also include multiple row electrodes and multiple column electrodes. In some examples, the row electrodes may be configured as driving electrodes, and the column electrodes may be configured as sensing electrodes (or vice versa), forming mutual-capacitance touch nodes at the intersection (or adjacent locations) of the driving and sensing electrodes. The row and column electrodes may be located on the same or different material layers on the touchscreen. In some examples, the driving circuitry for driving the driving electrodes and the sensing circuitry for sensing the sensing electrodes may be fixed or variable, allowing the driving and sensing targets of the row and column electrodes to be switched separately during touchscreen operation (e.g., a row electrode may become a sensing electrode, and a column electrode may become a driving electrode). It should be understood that the row and column targets of the electrodes described above need not be associated with any particular orientation of the device in which the touchscreen is integrated, and such targets may be relative to any suitable reference point.

[0026] During operation, the driving electrodes can be excited with an AC waveform (e.g., the same or different AC waveforms of the touch node electrodes previously described in the self-capacitance configuration), and the mutual capacitance of the mutual-capacitance touch nodes can be measured via sensing electrodes. The mutual capacitance of the mutual-capacitance touch nodes can change as an object approaches the touch node. This change in the mutual capacitance of the touch node can be detected and measured by a touch sensing system to determine the position of multiple objects when multiple objects touch or approach the touchscreen. It should be understood that in some examples, row and column electrodes on the touchscreen can be used to perform scans other than the mutual capacitance scan of the touchscreen (e.g., in conjunction with or in place of the self-capacitance scan of the touch node electrodes previously described).

[0027] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of an example computing system 200 according to an example of the present disclosure, illustrating a specific implementation of an example self-capacitance and mutual-capacitance hybrid touchscreen 220. The computing system 200 may be included, for example, in a mobile phone 136, a digital media player 140, a personal computer 144, a tablet computer 148, or any mobile computing device or non-mobile computing device including a wearable device that includes a touchscreen. The computing system 200 may include a touch sensing system comprising one or more touch processors 202, peripheral devices 204, a touch controller 206, and touch driving and / or sensing circuitry (described in more detail below). The peripheral devices 204 may include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM) or other types of memory or storage devices, watchdog timers, etc. The touch controller 206 may include, but is not limited to, one or more drive / sensing channels 208 and channel scanning logic unit 210. The channel scanning logic unit 210 may access RAM 212, autonomously read data from the drive / sensing channels 208, and provide control for the drive / sensing channels. Furthermore, the channel scanning logic unit 210 can control the drive / sensing channel 208 to generate excitation signals at various frequencies and phases, which can be selectively applied to the touch node electrodes and / or row and column electrodes of the touchscreen 220, as described in more detail below. In some examples, the touch controller 206, touch processor 202, and peripheral device 204 can be integrated into a single application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and in some examples, they can be integrated with the touchscreen 220 itself.

[0028] The touchscreen 220 may include touch sensing circuitry, which may include a capacitive sensing medium having a plurality of electrically isolated touch node electrodes 222, a plurality of column electrodes 223, and a plurality of row electrodes 224 (e.g., a plurality of touch electrodes arranged in rows and a plurality of touch electrodes arranged in columns). In a mutual capacitance configuration, the intersection of the column electrodes 223 and the row electrodes 224 may form a mutual capacitance touch node 226, as discussed above. In self-capacitance mode, the touch node electrodes 222 may be coupled to a sensing channel 208 in the touch controller 206, driven by an excitation signal from the sensing channel through a drive / sensing interface 225, and may also be sensed by the sensing channel through the drive / sensing interface, as described above. Similarly, in mutual capacitance mode, the column electrodes 223 may be coupled to a drive channel 208 in the touch controller 206, driven by an excitation signal from the drive channel through a drive / sensing interface 225, and the row electrodes 224 may also be sensed by the sensing channel through the drive / sensing interface, as described above. When the touchscreen 220 is considered as an "image" (e.g., a "touch image") of a captured touch, it can be particularly useful to label the locations used to detect the touch (i.e., self-capacitance touch node electrodes 222 and mutual-capacitance touch nodes 226) as "touch nodes" (or "touch node" electrodes). In other words, after the touch controller 206 has determined the amount of touch detected at each self-capacitance touch node electrode 222 and / or mutual-capacitance touch node 226 in the touchscreen 220, the pattern of the touch node or touch node electrode in the touchscreen where the touch occurred can be considered as a touch image (e.g., the pattern of a finger touching the touchscreen).

[0029] The computing system 200 may also include a host processor 228 for receiving output from the touch processor 202 and performing actions based on the output. For example, the host processor 228 may be connected to a program memory 232 and a display controller such as a display driver 234 (e.g., for controlling the operation of a display such as an LCD display, OLED display, etc.). The display driver 234 may provide voltages to each pixel transistor on select (e.g., gate) lines and provide data signals to these same transistors along data lines to control the pixels to display an image, as described in more detail below. The host processor 228 may use the display driver 234 to generate display images such as user interfaces (UIs) on the touchscreen 220, and may use the touch processor 202 and the touch controller 206 to detect touches on or near the touchscreen 220. Touch input can be used by a computer program stored in program memory 232 to perform actions, including but not limited to: moving objects such as cursors or pointers, scrolling or panning, adjusting control settings, opening files or documents, viewing menus, making selections, executing commands, operating peripherals connected to the host device, answering telephone calls, making telephone calls, terminating telephone calls, changing volume or audio settings, storing information related to telephone communication (such as addresses, frequently dialed numbers, received calls, missed calls), logging onto a computer or computer network, allowing authorized individuals access to restricted areas of a computer or computer network, loading user profiles associated with the user's preferred computer desktop layout, allowing access to web page content, launching specific programs, encrypting or decrypting messages, etc. The host processor 228 may also perform additional functions that may not be related to touch processing.

[0030] It should be noted that one or more of the functions described herein (including the configuration of the switches) can be executed by firmware, which is stored in memory (e.g., Figure 2The firmware may be stored in one of the peripheral devices 204 and executed by the touch processor 202 or stored in the program memory 232 and executed by the host processor 228. The firmware may also be stored and / or delivered in any non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from and with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the context of this document, "non-transitory computer-readable storage medium" can be any medium (excluding signals) that can contain or store programs for use or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices; portable computer disks (magnetic); random access memory (RAM) (magnetic); read-only memory (ROM) (magnetic); erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) (magnetic); portable optical discs such as CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R, or DVD-RW; or flash memory such as compact flash cards, secure digital cards, USB storage devices, Memory Sticks, etc.

[0031] This firmware can also be propagated in any transmission medium for use or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, a processor-based system, or other system capable of retrieving and executing instructions from and with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the context of this document, "transmission medium" can be any medium through which a program can be transmitted, propagated, or transferred for use or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Transmission media can include, but are not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or infrared wired or wireless transmission media.

[0032] Figure 3An exemplary touch sensor circuit 300, according to an example of this disclosure, performs a self-capacitance measurement using electrodes (e.g., self-capacitance touch node electrode 302) and sensing circuitry 314. Sensing circuitry 314 may be included in sensing channel 208 to sense the self-capacitance of one or more touch electrodes on a touch sensor panel / touchscreen of this disclosure. Touch node electrode 302 may correspond to self-capacitance touch node electrode 222. Touch node electrode 302 may have an inherent self-capacitance to ground associated with it, and also has additional self-capacitance to ground formed when an object such as a finger 305 approaches or touches the electrode. The total self-capacitance to ground of touch node electrode 302 may be shown as capacitor 304. Touch node electrode 302 may be coupled to sensing circuitry 314. Although other configurations may be adopted, sensing circuitry 314 may include operational amplifier 308, feedback resistor 312, and feedback capacitor 310. For example, feedback resistor 312 may be replaced by a switched capacitor resistor to minimize parasitic capacitance effects that may be caused by a variable feedback resistor. Touch node electrode 302 can be coupled to the inverting input (-) of operational amplifier 308. AC voltage source 306 (Vac) can be coupled to the non-inverting input (+) of operational amplifier 308. Touch sensor circuit 300 can be configured to sense the change in total self-capacitance 304 of touch node electrode 302 caused by a finger or object touching or approaching the touch sensor panel. The processor can use output 320 to determine the presence of a proximity event or touch event, or the output can be input to a discrete logic network to determine the presence of a proximity event or touch event.

[0033] Figure 4An exemplary touch sensor circuit 450 according to an example of this disclosure is shown, which is used to perform mutual capacitance measurement using two electrodes (mutual capacitance driving electrode 422 and sensing electrode 426, such as column electrodes and row electrodes described above) and sensing circuitry 414. An excitation signal 406 may be generated by a driving channel 208 (e.g., driving channel 208 may include an AC excitation source 406), the driving electrode 422 may correspond to column electrode 223, the sensing electrode 426 may correspond to row electrode 224, and the sensing circuitry 414 may be included in the sensing channel 208. The driving electrode 422 may be excited by the excitation signal 406 (e.g., an AC voltage signal). The excitation signal 406 may be capacitively coupled to the sensing electrode 426 via the mutual capacitance 424 between the driving electrode 422 and the sensing electrode 426. When a finger or object 405 approaches a touch node formed by the intersection of the driving electrode 422 and the sensing electrode 426, the mutual capacitance 424 may change. The intersection of the driving electrode 422 and the sensing electrode 426 may correspond to a mutual capacitance touch node 226. This change in mutual capacitance 424 can be detected to indicate a touch event or proximity event at the touch node, as described above and below. The sensing signal coupled to sensing electrode 426 can be received by sensing circuitry 414. Sensing circuitry 414 may include operational amplifier 408 and at least one of feedback resistor 412 and feedback capacitor 410. Figure 4 The general case of using both resistive and capacitive feedback elements is illustrated. The sensed signal (referred to as Vin) can be input to the inverting input of operational amplifier 408, and the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier can be coupled to a reference voltage Vref. Operational amplifier 408 can drive its output to a voltage Vo such that Vin is substantially equal to Vref, and thus Vin can be kept constant or effectively grounded. Those skilled in the art will understand that, in this context, "equal to" can include a deviation of up to 15%. Therefore, the gain of sensing circuit 414 can generally be a function of the ratio of mutual capacitance 424 to the feedback impedance, which is composed of resistor 412 and / or capacitor 410. The output Vo of sensing circuit 414 can be filtered and a heterodyne effect or a null effect can be produced by feeding it into multiplier 428, where Vo can be multiplied by local oscillator 430 to produce Vdetect. Vdetect can be input to filter 432. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the placement of filter 432 can be altered; thus, the filter can be placed after multiplier 428, as shown, or two filters can be used: one placed before the multiplier and the other after. In some examples, there may be no filter at all. The DC portion of Vdetect can be used to determine whether a touch event or proximity event has occurred.

[0034] Re-reference Figure 2In some examples, touchscreen 220 may be an integrated touchscreen, wherein the touch sensing circuitry of the touch sensing system may be integrated into the display pixel stack-up of the display. The circuitry in touchscreen 220 may include elements present in an LCD or other display, such as one or more pixel transistors (e.g., thin-film transistors (TFTs)), gate lines, data lines, pixel electrodes, and common electrodes. In a given display pixel, the voltage between the pixel electrode and the common electrode controls the brightness of the display pixel. The voltage on the pixel electrode may be provided by the data line through the pixel transistor, which may be controlled by the gate line. It should be noted that the circuitry is not limited to entire circuit components, such as an entire capacitor or an entire transistor, but may include portions of the circuit, such as only one of the two plates of a parallel-plate capacitor.

[0035] As previously mentioned, combining mutual capacitance sensing and self-capacitance sensing of touch electrodes in a single touch sensor panel can be beneficial. Specifically, in some examples, mutual capacitance sensing of row and column electrodes can determine the location of a touch on the touch sensor panel with relatively high accuracy, but may struggle with detecting objects (e.g., fingers) that are far from the touch sensor panel (e.g., hovering above it). In some examples, self-capacitance sensing of touch node electrodes can effectively detect the location of one or more objects (e.g., fingers) that are hovering above and / or touching the touch sensor panel, but may be susceptible to noise and jitter, which can introduce errors and / or offsets into the touch output of the touch sensor panel. Therefore, combining mutual capacitance sensing and self-capacitance sensing of touch electrodes in a touch sensor panel can improve the touch sensing performance of a touch sensor panel system.

[0036] Figures 5A-5D An exemplary touch sensor panel configuration according to an example of this disclosure is shown, which includes mutual capacitance touch electrodes (e.g., row and column electrodes sensing mutual capacitance) and self-capacitance touch electrodes (e.g., touch node electrodes sensing self-capacitance). Specifically, Figure 5A The touch sensor panel 500 illustrates a first configuration according to an example of this disclosure, wherein mutual capacitance driving electrodes 504 and sensing electrodes 506 are arranged in a row and column configuration, respectively, and self-capacitive touch node electrodes 508 are distributed. In some examples, multiple (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) sensing electrodes 506 may be present. Figure 5A The sensing electrodes 506 shown are electrically connected to each other outside the area of ​​the touch sensor panel 500 (e.g., on one or both sides of the sensing electrodes 506 in the boundary / inactive area of ​​the touch sensor panel 500) to form a sensing line with an effective height greater than the height of a single sensing electrode 506. (Refer to the above text) Figure 2The intersection of the driving electrode 504 and the sensing electrode 506 can form a mutual capacitance touch node 526. In some examples, a self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 can be disposed in the gap 512 between the driving electrode 504 and the sensing electrode 506 and / or between the mutual capacitance touch nodes 526. In some examples, the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 can be arranged in each gap 512 or a subset of the gaps 512. For example, the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 can be arranged uniformly (e.g., evenly spaced in every other row and / or column), randomly or pseudo-randomly (e.g., scattered across a subset of the gaps 512) in the gaps 512 and / or at different densities throughout the touch panel 500 (e.g., in some areas (e.g., along the boundary, at the center, at the top and / or bottom), the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 can be arranged with a greater concentration (e.g., the number of touch node electrodes per unit area of ​​the touch sensor panel) than in other areas of the touch panel 500). Figure 5C (As shown in the image). It should be noted that, Figure 5A It may reflect the physical layout of the driving electrode 504, sensing electrode 506 and self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 (e.g., the actual physical placement of each electrode in the touch sensor panel stack structure), or the logical layout of the driving electrode 504, sensing electrode 506 and self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 (e.g., the physical placement of each electrode in the touch sensor panel stack structure may differ from the illustration, but the illustration may reflect the operating areas of those electrodes).

[0037] For simplicity, the wiring traces of the electrodes are not shown herein (e.g., traces electrically coupling the drive electrode 504, sensing electrode 506, and / or touch node electrode 508 to the drive and / or sensing circuitry, such as...). Figures 3-4 (As shown in the image). References will follow below. Figures 6A-9B Exemplary configurations of such wiring traces are described. Furthermore, in some examples, all wiring traces of electrode 508 may be oriented toward a first side of touch sensor panel 500 (e.g., all traces may exit the touch sensor panel on the left, right, top, or bottom side; in this case, if the wiring traces are in the same layer as sensing electrode 506, the electrically coupled sensing electrodes 506 (if any) may be electrically coupled together in a boundary region of the touch sensor panel different from the side where the traces exit the panel). In some examples, the wiring traces of a first set of electrodes 508 may be oriented toward a first side of touch sensor panel 500, and the wiring traces of a second set of electrodes 508 may be oriented toward a second, different side of touch sensor panel, such as reference... Figures 6A-6C and Figure 9B(For example, the trace for the left half of electrode 508 may exit the touch sensor panel on the left side, and the trace for the right half of electrode 508 may exit the touch sensor panel on the right side).

[0038] The various electrodes of the touch sensor panel may be contained in a single layer or distributed across multiple layers. In some examples, the mutual capacitance driving electrode 504, the sensing electrode 506, and the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 may each be contained in different layers of the touch sensor panel. For example, the driving electrode 504 may be disposed in a first material layer of the touch sensor panel, the sensing electrode 506 may be disposed in a second material layer of the touch sensor panel, and the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 may be disposed in a third material layer of the touch sensor panel, wherein the first, second, and third material layers may be different material layers. In such examples, the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 may overlap with the driving electrode 504 and / or the sensing electrode 506 in a dimension perpendicular to the touch sensor panel; however, in some examples, the self-capacitance touch node electrode may not overlap with the driving electrode 504 and / or the sensing electrode 506 in a dimension perpendicular to the touch sensor panel. In some examples, the mutual capacitance driving electrode 504 and sensing electrode 506, as well as the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508, may all be arranged on the same layer of the touch sensor panel (e.g., using bridges and vias), which reduces the thickness of the touch sensor panel 500. In some examples, the mutual capacitance driving electrode 504 or sensing electrode 506 may be located on different layers, and the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 may be located on the same layer as the mutual capacitance driving electrode 504 or sensing electrode 506, as described below. In such examples where the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 is positioned between two adjacent electrodes (e.g., between adjacent driving electrodes in the same layer as the driving electrode, or between adjacent sensing electrodes in the same layer as the sensing electrode), the touch sensor panel may also include dummy electrodes between those adjacent electrodes at different locations between those adjacent electrodes. In some examples, the dummy electrodes may have the same size / spacing / aspect ratio as the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508, or they may have a different size / spacing / aspect ratio (e.g., there may be multiple dummy electrodes in the same space occupied by the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508). In some examples, these dummy electrodes may not be sensed to detect touch (whether self-capacitance or mutual capacitance).

[0039] It should be noted that the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 may be arranged adjacent to the mutual capacitance driving electrode 504 and / or the sensing electrode 506 (e.g., located in any gap next to and / or between the mutual capacitance driving electrode 504 and / or the sensing electrode 506), and / or arranged within the mutual capacitance driving electrode 504 and / or within the sensing electrode 506 located on the same layer (e.g., located in a hollow portion or gap within the mutual capacitance driving electrode 504 and / or the sensing electrode 506). It should also be noted that the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 may vary in size and shape (e.g., it may be square, rectangular, rhomboid, circular, or any other polygonal shape), and may be uniformly or discontinuously distributed on the touch sensor panel 500 (e.g., the self-capacitance touch node electrode 508 may, but does not necessarily, be separated from other self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508). In some examples, self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 may be arranged in clustered / higher-density areas of touch node electrodes 508 (e.g., in a uniform or varying group of 2-4 electrodes), and such clusters may be distributed throughout the touch sensor panel 500 (e.g., uniformly or discontinuously). In some examples, self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 may have a dimension along a given axis that is equal to or less than half (or one-third or one-quarter) of the dimension of the drive electrode 504 and / or sensing electrode 506 along that given axis. For example, if a given drive electrode 504 on the touch sensor panel 500 has a width X, the width of the touch node electrode 508 may be equal to or less than X / 2, X / 3, X / 4, or smaller. Additionally or alternatively, if a given sensing electrode 506 has a height Y, the height of the touch node electrode 508 may be equal to or less than Y / 2, Y / 3, Y / 4, or smaller. Additional exemplary details of the arrangement of touch node electrodes and drive / sensing electrodes according to examples of this disclosure will be described below, including with reference to the present disclosure. Figures 10A-10D .

[0040] In some examples, the touch sensor panel of this disclosure may include a boundary region including a self-capacitive touch node electrode that can help sense the grip of a user and / or an object hovering over the edge of the touch sensor panel on a device including the touch sensor panel. Figure 5B A second configuration according to an example of this disclosure is shown, wherein within a touch sensor panel 501, mutual capacitance driving electrodes 504 and sensing electrodes 506 are arranged in a row and column configuration, and self-capacitive touch node electrodes 508 are arranged along the boundary and distributed in a subset of gaps 512 (or more generally, locations of the touch sensor panel in the region including the driving electrodes and sensing electrodes, not necessarily in the gaps between the driving electrodes and sensing electrodes). This configuration is... Figure 5B The self-capacitive touch node electrode 508 inside the touch sensor panel 501 may have a reference Figure 5A One or more of the aforementioned features. Arranging self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 along the boundary or surrounding area of ​​the touch sensor panel 501 (e.g., around the area of ​​the touch sensor panel containing the driving electrodes and sensing electrodes) helps detect when a device having the touch sensor panel 501 is grasped or held by a user (e.g., in contact with the user), as the user's grasp of the device including the touch sensor panel 501 may be along the edge of the touch sensor panel 501. This arrangement also helps detect objects (e.g., fingers) hovering around the device (e.g., near the edge of the touch sensor panel 501). In some examples, the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 arranged along the boundary or surrounding area of ​​the touch sensor panel 501 may have the same size and / or shape as the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 scattered throughout the touch sensor panel 501. In some examples, the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 may vary in size and / or shape throughout the touch sensor panel 501 (e.g., may be square, rectangular, rhomboid, circular, or any other polygonal shape), as described in this disclosure. In some examples, the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 arranged along the boundary or surrounding area may be on the same and / or different layers as the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 scattered throughout the touch sensor panel 501. In some examples, the boundary or surrounding area of ​​the touch sensor panel 501 may be formed by a plurality of self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 along the X and Y axes on each side of the touch sensor panel 501 (e.g., making the width of the boundary of the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 of the touch sensor panel 501 two or more times the width of the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508), thereby increasing the area of ​​the boundary of the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 on the touch sensor panel. In some examples, the boundary or surrounding area of ​​the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 on the touch sensor panel 501 may include gaps between the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 (e.g., the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 may form a boundary around the touch sensor panel 501, rather than each self-capacitance touch node electrode being adjacent to another self-capacitance touch node electrode). For example, the touch node electrodes 508 in the surrounding area of ​​the touch sensor panel may be spaced apart from each other by gaps, the gap being at least half the height / width of the touch node electrodes, at least the entire height / width of the touch node electrodes, at least 1.5 times the height / width of the touch node electrodes, etc. In some examples, the touch node electrodes 508 in the surrounding area of ​​the touch sensor panel may be spaced apart such that portions of the mutual capacitance touch electrodes (e.g., row electrodes and / or column electrodes) may be located between two adjacent touch node electrodes 508.

[0041] Figure 5CA third configuration according to an example of this disclosure is shown, wherein the mutual capacitance driving electrodes 504 and sensing electrodes 506 are arranged in a row and column configuration, and the self-capacitive touch node electrodes 508 are arranged along the side of the touch sensor panel 502 and distributed in a subset of gaps or locations 512 within the touch sensor panel. Figure 5C The self-capacitive touch node electrode 508 inside the touch sensor panel 502 may have a reference Figures 5A-5B One or more of the aforementioned features. Arranging the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 along the sides of the touch sensor panel 502 helps detect when a device having the touch sensor panel 502 is grasped by a user (e.g., in contact with the user), as the user's grasp of the device including the touch sensor panel 502 may be along the edge of the touch sensor panel 502. This arrangement also helps detect objects (e.g., fingers) hovering around the device (e.g., near the edge of the touch sensor panel 502). In some examples, the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 arranged along the sides of the touch sensor panel 502 may have the same size and / or shape as the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 distributed throughout the touch sensor panel 502. In some examples, the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 may vary in size and / or shape throughout the touch sensor panel 502 (e.g., may be square, rectangular, rhomboid, circular, or any other polygonal shape), as described in this disclosure. In some examples, the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 arranged on the side of the touch sensor panel 502 may be on the same and / or different layers as the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 distributed throughout the touch sensor panel 502. In some examples, the side of the touch sensor panel 502 may be composed of multiple rows of self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 on each side (e.g., making the width of the side of the self-capacitance touch node electrodes of the touch sensor panel 502 the width of two or more self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508), thereby increasing the area of ​​the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 on the side of the touch sensor panel. In some examples, the self-capacitance touch node electrodes 508 may be arranged on one or more sides of the touch sensor panel 502 (e.g., top, bottom, left, and / or right).

[0042] In some examples, any of the touch sensor panels described herein (including reference numerals) Figures 5A-5C and Figures 10A-10E Those described may include a protective layer, which may be a conductive sheet in a layer of the touch sensor panel that is different from the rows / columns and touch node electrodes of the touch sensor panel (e.g., in a layer below the layer of the touch sensor panel that includes the rows / columns and touch node electrodes), and may be used to facilitate touch sensing on the touch sensor panel by coupling to a protective signal. For example, Figure 5DA touch electrode configuration including a protective layer 511 according to an example of this disclosure is shown. Specifically, the touch electrode configuration 503 shows a protective layer 511 disposed on a first metal layer, column touch electrodes 506 disposed on a second layer (e.g., above the first layer) arranged in a vertical or column configuration, row touch electrodes 504 disposed on a third layer (e.g., above the second layer) arranged in a horizontal or row configuration, and touch electrodes 508 (e.g., as referenced above) distributed throughout the touch sensor panel 503 on the first, second, third, and / or fourth layers (e.g., above the third layer). Figures 5A-5C As described herein, touch electrodes 504, 506, and 508 can be configured to operate in a mutual touch sensing mode or a self-capacitance touch sensing mode at different points in time. For example, at one point in time, touch electrode 504 can operate as a driving electrode, and touch electrode 506 can operate as a sensing electrode (and vice versa) for mutual capacitance touch sensing (e.g., as referenced above). Figure 4 The touch electrode 508 can operate as a self-capacitance electrode for self-capacitance touch sensing (e.g., as described above). Figure 3 At another point in time, touch electrode 506 can operate as a driving electrode, and touch electrode 504 can operate as a sensing electrode (and vice versa) for mutual capacitance touch sensing (e.g., as referenced above). Figure 4 The touch electrode 508 can operate as a self-capacitance electrode for self-capacitance touch sensing (e.g., as described above). Figure 3 In some examples, the protective electrode 511 may include a sheet of conductive material that spans the entire area of ​​the touch sensor panel 503 (e.g., a continuous layer of conductive material below touch electrodes 504, 506, and 508 and possibly above display circuitry located below the touch sensor panel 503). In some examples, the protective electrode 511 may operate as a protective element (e.g., it may be actively driven at a reference voltage (e.g., AC or DC) or may be grounded or coupled to any other fixed voltage source) to reduce noise (e.g., false positives or parasitic coupling) coupled to touch electrodes 504, 506, and 508 during touch sensing. It should be understood that the protective electrode 511 may be included in any touch sensor panel described in this disclosure.

[0043] Therefore, as described herein, touch electrodes can be distributed across multiple layers of a touch sensor panel in various ways. In some examples, sensing electrodes may be located on a first metal layer of the touch sensor panel, touch node electrodes and driving electrodes may be located on a second metal layer of the touch sensor panel (e.g., below the first metal layer in a touch sensor panel stack-up structure), and a protective layer may be included in a third metal layer of the touch sensor panel (e.g., below the second metal layer in a touch sensor panel stack-up structure). In some examples, this distribution of electrodes may also include a top shielding layer in the first metal layer and openings (e.g., for self-capacitance electrodes in the boundary / surrounding area of ​​the touch sensor panel) and pseudo-traces, as referenced. Figures 8B-8C As stated above.

[0044] In some examples, the driving electrode and the sensing electrode may be located in a first metal layer on the touch sensor panel, and the self-capacitive touch node electrode may also be located in the first metal layer. In such examples, ITO bridges in separate metal layers may be used to electrically couple segments of the driving electrode to the sensing electrode above (and vice versa). In some examples, such electrode distribution may include a protective layer in a second metal layer of the touch sensor panel (e.g., below the first metal layer in a touch sensor panel stack-up structure).

[0045] In some examples, the sensing electrode and the self-capacitance touch node electrode may be located in a first metal layer on the touch sensor panel, and the driving electrode may be located in a second metal layer on the touch sensor panel (e.g., below the first metal layer in the touch sensor panel stack-up structure).

[0046] In some examples, the sensing electrodes may be located on a first metal layer on the touch sensor panel, and the self-capacitive touch node electrodes and driving electrodes may be located in a second metal layer on the touch sensor panel (e.g., below the first metal layer in the touch sensor panel stack-up structure).

[0047] Figures 6A-6C An exemplary touch sensor panel layout according to an example of this disclosure is shown, wherein touch node electrodes are arranged in the same layer as column electrodes (e.g., drive electrodes). Figures 6A-6C Details can be used to implement, for example Figures 5A-5D The touch sensor panel configuration. Specifically, Figure 6A An exemplary touch sensor panel layout 600 is shown, wherein column electrodes 604 and row electrodes 606 are arranged in a column and row configuration on two different layers of the touch sensor panel (e.g., driving electrodes are disposed on the first layer and sensing electrodes are disposed on the second layer) to form mutual capacitance touch nodes 626 (symbolically shown by broken electrodes). Figure 6AIn the example, the touch node electrode 608 and the driving electrode 604 are located on the same layer (e.g., a first layer), and the driving electrode 604 is disposed below the sensing electrode 606 on the touch sensor panel (e.g., the sensing electrode 606 is positioned closer to the touch surface of the touch sensor panel, and the driving electrode 604 is positioned further away from the touch surface of the touch sensor panel). In the exemplary touch sensor panel layout 600, the electrode 608 may be arranged in an electrically isolated region of the driving electrode 604. For example, the driving electrode 604 may include regions 612 (e.g., gaps) that do not contain conductive material. The touch node electrode 608 may be disposed in these gaps, located in the same layer as the driving electrode 604. The gaps 612 may have an area larger than that of the electrode 608, such that the electrode 608 can be disposed in those gaps without contacting the driving electrode 604. In some examples, the wiring traces 610 of electrode 608 (e.g., traces for coupling touch node electrode 608 to sensing circuitry) may be disposed on the same layer as driving electrode 604 (e.g., along and within gaps, hollow portions, or other electrically isolated areas of driving electrode 604), such as Figure 6A As shown. In Figure 6A In some examples, these traces 610 can be routed along the length of the drive electrode 604 such that the traces 610 do not intersect with other drive electrodes 604. In some examples, the wiring traces 610 of electrode 608 can be located on a different layer than drive electrode 604 and electrode 608 (e.g., in a third layer). In some examples, sensing electrode 614 can be coupled in groups of two (or more) via traces 614 to act as a single sensing electrode, such as... Figure 6A As shown.

[0048] Figure 6B An exemplary touch sensor panel layout 601 is shown, which is similar to Figure 6A The touch sensor panel layout 600 has a drive electrode 604 and a sensing electrode 606 arranged in a row and column configuration, rather than a column and row configuration. Figure 6B The remaining details can be found with Figure 6A The details are the same. In a touch sensor panel that is narrower along the X-axis than along the Y-axis, this configuration can shorten the wiring trace 610 along the X-axis (e.g., due to the narrowness of the touch sensor panel along the X-axis), reduce the resistance along the wiring trace 610 (e.g., due to the shorter wiring trace), and / or reduce the effect of noise coupled to the wiring trace 610 (e.g., due to the shorter wiring trace). In some examples, Figures 6A-6B The wiring traces of electrode 608 can have different widths depending on the position of electrode 608 in the touch sensor panel to optimize its bandwidth. Additionally, in some examples, Figures 6A-6BThe wiring traces within the drive electrode can be located anywhere on the drive electrode (e.g., not necessarily in the middle of the drive electrode) to minimize cross-coupling between the wiring traces of electrode 608 and the drive electrode and / or the sensing electrode.

[0049] Figure 6C An exemplary touch sensor panel layout 602 according to an example of this disclosure is shown, wherein sensing electrodes 606 and driving electrodes 604 are formed by rows and columns of various diamond-shaped touch electrodes 606y and 604x, which are coupled together using a suitable structure such as an ITO bridge. For example, a row of touch electrodes 604x may be electrically coupled together and driven by a signal (e.g., an AC signal) to form driving electrodes 604 (or “driving lines”), and a column of touch electrodes 606y may be electrically coupled together and sensed to form sensing electrodes 606 (or “sensing lines”). In some examples, electrodes 608 may be arranged in place of one or more touch electrodes 604x forming driving electrodes 604, such as Figure 6C As shown. A row of touch electrodes may include touch electrodes 604x (e.g., electrodes that serve as dedicated drive electrodes) and touch node electrodes 608 (e.g., electrodes for self-capacitance touch detection and possibly for mutual capacitance detection, as will be described in more detail below).

[0050] In some examples, touch electrodes 604x, 606y, and 608 may be on the same layer or on three different layers. For example, touch electrode 604x may be located on a first layer, touch electrode 606y may be located on a second layer different from the first layer, and touch electrode 608 may be located on a third layer different from the first and second layers. In some examples, touch electrodes 604x and 606y may be located on different layers (e.g., on the first and second layers, respectively), and electrode 608 may be located on the same layer as touch electrodes 604x and / or 606y. In some examples, wiring trace 610 may be coupled to touch node electrode 608 and wired to touch sensing circuitry. In some examples, wiring trace 610 may be located on the same layer as touch electrode 606y, but electrically isolated from it. In some examples, wiring trace 610 may be located on the same layer as touch electrode 604x, but electrically isolated from it. In some examples, wiring trace 610 may be located on a different layer than touch electrodes 604x and 606y. In some examples, wiring trace 610 may be located on the same layer as touch electrode 608 and may be electrically isolated from touch electrodes 604x and 606y (e.g., touch electrodes 604x and 606y may be located on a different layer than touch electrode 608 and wiring trace 610).

[0051] The diamond-shaped touch electrodes of the exemplary touch sensor panel layout 602 in Figure 6 can all have substantially the same size. In this way, the capacitance detected at each touch electrode may be identical, thereby improving touch sensing. For example, the capacitance detected between an object (e.g., a finger) at a given distance from the touch sensor panel and one of the touch electrodes can be the same for each touch electrode when the finger is hovering at the same given distance (e.g., the touch sensor panel can detect a consistent capacitance measurement across each touch electrode at a given distance). This configuration can also improve optical uniformity because the touch electrodes can be arranged more densely together.

[0052] Now will describe Figures 6A-6C The operation of the touch sensor panel. The details of this operation can be similarly applied to... Figures 5A-5D The touch sensor panel, as shown in Figures 7-10. In some examples, Figures 6A-6C The exemplary touch sensor panel can operate in self-capacitance mode and mutual-capacitance mode. For example, in self-capacitance mode, the touch sensing circuit can detect touch and / or hovering objects by detecting changes in the self-capacitance of the detection electrode 608, as referenced above. Figure 3 The electrodes 604 and 606 may act as guard electrodes (e.g., they may be actively driven at a reference voltage (e.g., AC or DC) or grounded or coupled to any other fixed voltage source) to reduce noise (e.g., false positives or parasitic coupling) detected at the self-capacitance electrode 608, to reduce cross-coupling from grounded objects (e.g., fingers or gripping of a device including a touch sensor panel), and / or to reduce capacitance leakage (e.g., from display circuitry below the touch sensor panel). In some examples, the touch sensing circuitry may also detect the self-capacitance of electrodes 604 and / or 606 (other than self-capacitance electrode 608) by detecting changes in the self-capacitance of electrodes 604 and / or 606 to detect touch and / or hovering objects (e.g., both electrodes 604 and 606 may operate as self-capacitance electrodes; electrode 604 may operate as a self-capacitance electrode, and electrode 606 may operate as a guard electrode, and vice versa). Therefore, in the self-capacitance detection mode, only the self-capacitance of electrode 608 or the self-capacitance of electrodes 604, 606 and / or 608 can be detected by the touch sensing circuit.

[0053] In mutual capacitance mode, touch node electrodes 608 may be driven by the same signal (e.g., an AC signal) as the mutual capacitance drive electrodes 604, such that electrodes 608 and the drive electrodes disposed therein can act as a single drive electrode (e.g., electrode 608 may contribute to forming drive electrode 604), while sensing electrode 606 can be sensed by touch sensing circuitry. In some examples, electrodes 608 may be grounded or driven by another reference voltage (e.g., DC or AC) during mutual capacitance mode, while drive electrode 604 is driven by an excitation voltage, and sensing electrode 606 is sensed by touch sensing circuitry. In some examples, electrodes 608 may be grouped (e.g., in adjacent pairs of self-capacitance electrodes) to operate as mutual capacitance electrodes. For example, pairs of electrodes 608 may be driven such that a touch electrode in each pair can act as a sensing electrode, and a second touch electrode in each pair can act as a drive electrode, such that a mutual capacitance touch node can be formed by each pair of touch electrodes acting as both a sensing electrode and a drive electrode. For example, a group of electrodes 608 along a first direction (e.g., a group of electrodes along the same row) can act as driving electrodes, and other groups of electrodes 608 along a second direction different from the first direction (e.g., a group of electrodes along the same column) can act as sensing electrodes, such that a mutual capacitance touch node can be formed by the groups of electrodes acting as driving electrodes and sensing electrodes. In some examples, the touch sensing circuit can be configured to detect changes in the mutual capacitance between pairs or groups of electrodes acting as driving electrodes and sensing electrodes in the row and column configuration (e.g., detected capacitance changes in a mutual capacitance touch node formed by a self-capacitance electrode group), as described above with reference to Figure 1. Figure 2 The touch sensing circuitry is configured to perform mutual capacitance sensing during a first phase (e.g., mutual capacitance mode) and self-capacitance sensing during a second phase (e.g., self-capacitance mode), wherein the first and second phases do not overlap in time; however, in other examples, the first and second phases may partially or completely overlap in time. In some examples, the durations of the first and second phases may be fixed (e.g., predetermined). In some examples, the durations of the first and second phases may be dynamic.

[0054] In some examples, the self-capacitance measurement of touch electrode 608 can clarify ambiguities arising from the detection of touch or proximity events by using row and column electrodes in a self-capacitance detection configuration. For example, a touch or proximity event can be detected using the self-capacitance at any point along a given row electrode, but ambiguity may exist regarding the exact location of the touch or proximity event on the row electrode—especially when multiple touch or proximity events are detected (e.g., multi-finger touch and / or multi-finger hover)—which can produce “ghosting” touch or proximity events along the row or column electrodes. Combining self-capacitance measurements from touch node electrodes with self-capacitance measurements from row / column electrodes (e.g., simultaneously, continuously, or partially continuously) can help clarify the location of the actual touch or proximity event by detecting touch or proximity events at nearby touch node electrodes (e.g., touch node electrodes very close to the physical touch or hover object). For example, a touch sensor panel can use self-capacitance measurements to detect multiple touch or proximity events along a given row of electrodes (e.g., at the location of one or more touch or proximity events and one or more ghosting events), and the touch sensor panel can subsequently or simultaneously use self-capacitance measurements of the touch node electrodes to detect the location of one or more touch or proximity events to verify the true location of one or more touch or proximity events along the given row of electrodes (e.g., to distinguish between actual touch or proximity events and ghosting events). Therefore, the touch sensing performance of the touch sensor panel can be improved.

[0055] Figures 7A-7B An exemplary touch sensor panel layout according to an example of this disclosure is shown, wherein touch node electrodes 708 are disposed in the same layer as sensing electrodes 706. Figures 7A-7B Details can be used to implement, for example Figures 5A-5D The touch sensor panel configuration. Specifically, Figure 7A An exemplary touch sensor panel layout 700 is shown, wherein column electrodes 704 (e.g., driving electrodes) and row electrodes 706 (e.g., sensing electrodes) are arranged in a column and row configuration on two different layers of the touch sensor panel (e.g., driving electrodes are disposed on a first layer and sensing electrodes are disposed on a second layer) to form mutual capacitance touch nodes 726 (symbolically shown by broken electrodes). Figure 7AIn some examples, the touch node electrode 708 and the sensing electrode 706 are located on the same layer (e.g., a second layer), and the sensing electrode 706 is disposed above the driving electrode 704 on the touch sensor panel (e.g., the sensing electrode 706 is positioned closer to the touch surface of the touch sensor panel, and the driving electrode 704 is positioned further away from the touch surface of the touch sensor panel). In an exemplary touch sensor panel layout 700, the electrode 708 may be disposed adjacent to the sensing electrode 706 (e.g., between the sensing electrodes 706) and disposed on the same layer as the sensing electrode 706. In some examples, the electrode 708 may be disposed between pairs of coupled sensing electrodes 706 in region 716, such as... Figure 7A As shown. In some examples, electrode 708 may be disposed within a pair of coupled sensing electrodes 706 in region 718. In some examples, electrode 708 may be contained within the region of a single electrode 704 (e.g., may overlap with only one electrode 704, such as...). Figure 7A (As shown), or may overlap with multiple electrodes 704 (e.g., may span one or more boundaries between electrodes 704). In this configuration where the touch node electrode 708 is disposed within a pair of coupled sensing electrodes 706, during the mutual capacitance mode of the touch sensor panel, the electrode 708 can be sensed by the touch sensing circuit in the same way as the sensing electrodes 706 in which they are disposed, such that the electrode 708 can act as a sensing electrode during the mutual capacitance mode (e.g., the electrode 708 and the coupled sensing electrodes 706 in which they are disposed can act as a single sensing electrode). In some examples, the wiring traces 710 of the electrode 708 may be disposed on the same layer as the sensing electrodes 706 and along the same direction. In some examples, the wiring traces 710 of the electrode 708 may be arranged on a different layer than the sensing electrodes 706.

[0056] Figure 7B It shows Figure 7A An exemplary touch sensor panel layout 701 is provided, but the driving electrode 704 and the sensing electrode 706 are arranged in a row and column configuration, respectively. Figure 7B The remaining details of the touch sensor panel layout 701 can be found in the reference. Figure 7A The same as those mentioned above.

[0057] Reference Figures 7A-7B In the described examples, the blank areas between the sensing electrodes and / or touch node electrodes and their corresponding wiring traces (e.g., the blank areas in the material layer where the sensing electrodes and touch node electrodes and their corresponding wiring traces are located) may include dummy electrodes of various sizes to improve the optical uniformity of the touch sensor panel. In some examples, these dummy electrodes may be located in the same material layer where the sensing electrodes and touch node electrodes and their corresponding wiring traces are located.

[0058] Figures 8A-8C An example of the touch sensor panel configuration of this disclosure is shown (e.g., Figures 5A-5D , Figures 6A-6C , Figures 7A-7B and / or Figures 10A-10E Exemplary layers and wiring details of the touch sensor panel configuration. Specifically, Figure 8A An exemplary touch sensor panel layout 800 is shown for the right side portion of a touch sensor panel, wherein sensing electrodes 806 and driving electrodes 804 are arranged in a row and column configuration, respectively, and electrodes 808 are disposed along the right boundary of the touch sensor panel (e.g., as shown in reference). Figures 5B-5C Although not shown, electrodes 808 may be distributed throughout the touch sensor panel 800 and along the top, bottom, and / or left edge of the touch sensor panel, as described above. Figures 5A-5D As mentioned above (refer to the reference above) Figure 6A The wiring trace 814 can be coupled to two adjacent sensing electrodes 806 to act as a single sensing electrode. In some examples, the wiring trace 814 can be routed to the touch sensing circuit located between the boundary electrode 808 (and its corresponding wiring trace 810) and the outer side / region 803 of the touch sensor panel, such as... Figure 8A As shown. Therefore, in some examples, wiring traces for sensing electrode 806 (e.g., trace 814) and wiring traces for boundary region touch node electrode 808 (e.g., trace 810) can be routed together in boundary region 803, which may be located between the physical edge of touch node electrode 808 and touch sensor panel—in some examples, traces 810 and 814 may be arranged alternately in boundary region 803 (e.g., sensing electrode trace, touch node electrode trace, sensing electrode trace, touch node electrode trace, etc.). In some examples, electrode 808 and sensing electrode 806 may be disposed on the same layer (e.g., a first layer), and driving electrode 804 may be disposed on a different layer (e.g., a second layer different from the first layer). In some examples, wiring trace 814 for sensing electrode 806 and wiring trace 810 for electrode 808 may be disposed on the same layer. In some examples, the wiring trace 814 for sensing electrode 806 and the wiring trace 810 for electrode 808 may be disposed on different layers (e.g., wiring trace 810 is disposed on a first layer and wiring trace 814 is disposed on a second layer different from the first layer).

[0059] Figure 8B It shows Figure 8AAn exemplary touch sensor panel configuration 800 has a cross-section along line A-A'. In this configuration, a drive electrode 804 may be arranged (e.g., disposed) on a first side (e.g., bottom side) of a substrate 805 (e.g., glass, plastic, etc.) in a first layer, and sensing electrodes 806 and 808 may be arranged (e.g., disposed) on a second side (e.g., opposite side or top side) of a substrate 805 in a second layer different from the first layer. In some examples, both the drive electrode 804 and its corresponding wiring trace 828 may be arranged (e.g., disposed) on the first side (e.g., first layer) of the substrate 805, and both the sensing electrode 806 and its corresponding wiring trace 814 may be arranged (e.g., disposed) on the second side (e.g., opposite side) of the substrate 805 (e.g., a second layer different from the first layer). In some examples, wiring traces 814 and 828 may be arranged such that they do not directly overlap (e.g., such that wiring trace 814 is not immediately above or below wiring trace 828) to avoid parasitic coupling between the two sets of wiring traces. Because wiring traces 814 and 828 can be arranged such that they do not directly overlap, gap 830 may be formed below and / or above wiring trace 814 on a first side of substrate 805 (e.g., in a first layer), and gap 832 may be formed above and / or below wiring trace 828 on a second side of substrate 805 (e.g., in a second layer). In some examples, wiring trace 810 for self-capacitance electrode 808 may be along gap 830 on a first side of substrate 805 (e.g., the side of substrate 805 that shares the same location as drive electrode 804 and its corresponding wiring trace 828) (e.g., in the first layer) and / or Figure 8B The second side of the gap 832 (not shown) (e.g., the same side of the substrate 805 as the sensing electrode 806 and its corresponding wiring trace 814) (e.g., the second layer) is wired. In some examples, dummy traces (e.g., traces associated with ground, reference voltage, or any other fixed source) may be arranged along the gaps 830 and / or 832 to act as shielding (e.g., to reduce crosstalk coupling from grounded objects (e.g., fingers or clamps of devices including touch sensor panels), which would otherwise require compensation mechanisms).

[0060] Figure 8C The right boundary of the touch sensor panel of this disclosure is shown (e.g., Figure 8A An exemplary touch sensor panel configuration 801 includes electrodes 808 (with the same right boundary in the image). In some examples, it may be beneficial to isolate or shield the wiring traces 810 of the touch node electrodes 808 from potential noise sources (e.g., because self-capacitance measurements may be more sensitive to noise than mutual capacitance measurements). Therefore, in Figure 8CIn configuration 801, the wiring trace 814 of the sensing electrode 806 (not shown) can be routed independently of the wiring trace 810 of the touch node electrode 808 (e.g., in different areas of the touch sensor panel) to the touch sensing circuit, thereby reducing potential capacitive coupling between the wiring trace 814 and the wiring trace 810. For example, the wiring trace 814 of the sensing electrode 806 can be routed to the touch sensing circuit between the driving / sensing electrode and the touch node electrode 808 located at the boundary in region 807, and the wiring trace 810 of the touch node electrode 808 can be routed to the touch sensing circuit in region 803 outside the touch node electrode 808, such as... Figure 8C As shown. In some examples, electrode 808 and its corresponding wiring trace 810 may be arranged on a first layer (e.g., the same layer as the drive electrode 804 (not shown)).

[0061] To provide further shielding for the wiring trace 810, in some examples, the touch sensor panel may include a shield 826 disposed above the wiring trace 810 (e.g., closer to the touch surface of the touch sensor panel); in other words, the shield 826 may be disposed above region 803 of the touch sensor panel (e.g., region 803 may be contained within the region of the shield 826). The shield 826 may be a plate or film of a conductive material (e.g., ITO) that may be electrically coupled to a reference voltage source (e.g., AC or DC) or electrically grounded. In some examples, the shield 826 may be driven using the same voltage signal that drives the touch node electrode 808 during self-capacitance operation, such that capacitive coupling between the touch node electrode 808, the trace 810, and the shield 826 can be minimized. The shield may be disposed on a second layer (e.g., the shield may be formed on the same layer as the sensing electrode 806 (not shown)) or on any layer of the touch sensor panel other than the layer on which the touch node electrode 808 is disposed. In some examples, shielding 826 may include a gap 834 at the same location as electrode 808, which is smaller (e.g., slightly smaller) than the size of electrode 808 to provide effective shielding for trace 810 while allowing electrode 808 to couple to and detect fingers and / or objects near or above the touch sensor panel. In some examples, shielding 826 may cover areas of the touch sensor panel where conductive material (e.g., electrodes, wiring traces, shielding, etc.) is not present to achieve optical uniformity in any layer or region of the touch sensor panel. For example, shielding 826 may cover areas of the touch sensor panel where conductive material (e.g., electrodes, wiring traces, shielding, etc.) is not present to achieve optical uniformity. Figures 5A-5D The touch sensor configuration does not include a gap or position 512 for the touch node electrodes 508. This reduces the area of ​​the touch sensor panel that does not include conductive material visible to the user.

[0062] Figures 9A-9BAn exemplary touch sensor panel configuration according to an example of this disclosure is shown, wherein the touch sensor panel of this disclosure can be divided into multiple regions (e.g., quadrants). Figure 9A In the example, the touch sensor panel 900 can be divided (symbolically shown by broken electrodes) into quadrants 940-a, 940-b, 940-c, and 940-d, where each quadrant can have a separate sensing electrode 904 and / or driving electrode 906. This division can halve the length of the sensing electrode 904 and / or driving electrode 906, thereby halving the resistance along each electrode and reducing the impact of electrode resistance on touch sensing. Figure 9A The touch node electrodes 908 inside quadrants 940-a, 940-b, 940-c, and 940-d can all have reference... Figures 5A-7B and / or Figures 10A-10E One or more of the aforementioned features. For example, touch node electrodes 908 in each of these quadrants or regions may be arranged or distributed in each quadrant or region, as referenced. Figures 5A-7B and / or Figures 10A-10E The touch node electrodes are described (e.g., along one or more sides and / or distributed within a quadrant). In some examples, the wiring traces of electrode 908 may be routed toward the boundary of each quadrant, thereby shortening the length of those wiring traces and allowing for larger and / or equal-sized electrodes 908, as referenced below. Figure 9B As described in more detail. This configuration allows the touch sensor panel to detect touch or proximity events in any given quadrant or region, or any combination of quadrants or regions, without detecting touch or proximity events in all quadrants or regions. For example, a user may place their hand or the bottom of their palm on a quadrant (e.g., quadrant 940-c) while intentionally touching a different quadrant (e.g., touching quadrant 940-a with a stylus), creating both anticipated touch events (e.g., stylus touch events) and accidental touch events (e.g., the point of contact between the resting hand and the touch sensor panel). In this example, the touch sensor panel may ignore touch events at quadrant 940-c and may detect anticipated touch events in quadrant 940-a (e.g., focusing on quadrant 940-a). As described above, dividing the touch sensor panel 900 into quadrants also reduces the number of ghost touch or proximity events detected by a given touch sensing circuitry (e.g., by associating each quadrant with a different sensing circuitry). Furthermore, dividing the touch sensor panel 900 into quadrants reduces wiring trace congestion (e.g., reduces the number of wiring traces along any given area between the electrodes and the sensing circuitry), because the wiring traces of the electrodes in any given partition can be laid out in a different direction than the electrodes in other quadrants (e.g., along different paths or areas of the touch sensor panel), and also reduces the maximum area occupied by traces in a given row of the touch sensor panel. Although Figure 9AThe touch sensing device is divided into quadrants, but division into other numbers of partitions and / or configurations is also within the scope of this disclosure, provided that each partition includes at least one edge of the device for connecting sensing electrodes, driving electrodes, and touch node electrodes to touch sensing circuitry via wiring traces. In some examples, each partition may have its own dedicated or corresponding touch sensing circuitry.

[0063] Figure 9B An enlarged view of an exemplary row is shown, which contains data from... Figure 9A The driving electrode 904, sensing electrode 906, and touch node electrodes 908-A-908-D (partitions between quadrants symbolically indicated by the broken electrode) are shown in quadrants 940-a and 940-b. Specifically, quadrants 940-a and 940-b show exemplary driving electrodes 904 and sensing electrodes 906 arranged in a row and column configuration, respectively, wherein electrodes 908A-908D are arranged between driving electrodes 904 and sensing electrodes 906 (e.g., electrodes 908-A and 908-B are in quadrant 940-a, and electrodes 908-C and 908-D are in quadrant 940-b). In some examples, electrodes 908 closer to the partition between quadrants 940a and 940b (e.g., electrodes 908-B and 908-C) may have substantially the same area as electrodes 908 further away from the partition (and optionally closer to the boundaries of the touch sensor panel and / or touch sensing circuitry) (e.g., electrodes 908-A and 908-D), such as Figure 9B As shown in the diagram, the size (e.g., area) of electrode 908 allows wiring traces of electrodes 908 closer to the partition (e.g., wiring traces 910-B and 910-C) to be routed around (e.g., above or below) electrodes 908 further away from the partition (e.g., electrodes 908-A and 908-D) and their corresponding wiring traces (e.g., wiring traces 910-A and 910-D) and electrically isolated from them. In some examples, electrodes 908 having substantially the same size can result in consistent touch sensing characteristics from one electrode to the next.

[0064] In some examples, electrodes 908 closer to the partition between quadrants 940a and 940b (e.g., electrodes 908-B and 908-C) may have a larger area than electrodes 908 farther from the partition (and optionally closer to the boundary of the touch sensor panel and / or touch sensing circuitry) (e.g., electrodes 908-A and 908-D). This allows the wiring traces of the electrodes 908 closer to the partition (e.g., wiring traces 910-B and 910-C) to be laid out around the electrodes 908 farther from the partition (e.g., electrodes 908-A and 908-D) and their corresponding wiring traces (e.g., wiring traces 910-A and 910-D) and electrically isolated from them. This configuration allows larger electrodes 908 to be distributed throughout the touch sensor panel in the gap or location 912. In some examples, electrodes 908-A to 908-D may be arranged within an electrically isolated region (e.g., a gap or hollow portion) of the drive electrode 904, such that electrodes 908-A-908-D and wiring traces 910-A-910-D can be driven by the same signal during the mutual capacitance mode of the touch sensor panel, as referenced above. Figures 6A-6C As described herein. It should be noted that the electrode 908 described herein (e.g., reference) Figures 5A-9A and / or Figures 10A-10E The electrodes 908 and their corresponding wiring traces may be arranged as described in reference quadrants 940-a and / or 940-b (e.g., such that electrodes 908 electrically further away from the touch sensing circuit (e.g., due to longer wiring traces) are larger than electrodes 908 electrically closer to the touch sensing circuit (e.g., due to shorter wiring traces)). For example, Figure 6B The electrodes 608 and traces 610 may be arranged such that the electrode 608 closer to the touch sensing circuit along the same driving electrode 604 is smaller than the electrode 608 farther from the touch sensing circuit (e.g., traces 610 may be arranged around other self-capacitance electrodes closer to the touch sensing circuit along the same driving electrode). In other examples, the electrodes 608 may have substantially the same dimensions (e.g., substantially the same area).

[0065] Figures 10A-10E An additional exemplary touch sensor panel configuration according to an example of this disclosure is shown. For example, it can be used... Figures 10A-10E Configuration to achieve Figures 5A-5D Examples. Figure 10A A vertical (e.g., along the Y-axis) cross-sectional view of a touch sensor panel 1000 according to an example of this disclosure is shown. Specifically, Figure 10AA touch electrode 1004 is shown disposed on a first layer (e.g., L1), a touch electrode 1008 disposed on a second layer (e.g., L2) above the first layer, and a touch electrode 1006A and a dummy electrode 1006B disposed on a third layer (e.g., L3) above the first and second layers. In some examples, the touch electrode 1004 may correspond to... Figures 5A-5D The touch electrode 504 and touch electrode 1006A in the middle can correspond to Figures 5A-5D The touch electrode 506 in the middle, and the touch electrode 1008 can correspond to Figures 5A-5D The touch electrode 508 is located in the layer. It should be understood that each layer (e.g., L1-L3) is optionally not electrically coupled to each other (e.g., air and / or non-conductive materials such as dielectrics may fill the areas between layers and / or between touch electrodes). In some examples, the touch sensor panel 1000 may also include a cover (e.g., a glass cover in a touchscreen configuration) disposed above the third layer (e.g., L3), which may be formed of glass, acrylic, sapphire, etc. In some examples, a conductive plate (e.g., ITO) may be disposed below the first layer (e.g., below L1, opposite L2). In some examples, this conductive plate may operate as a protective layer (e.g., may be actively driven at a reference voltage (e.g., AC or DC) or may be grounded or coupled to any other fixed voltage source) to reduce noise (e.g., false positives or parasitic coupling) coupled to the touch electrodes 1004, 1006A, and 1008, such as reference... Figure 5D As stated above. (Refer to...) Figures 10B-10E Exemplary details are described for touch electrodes 1004, 1006A, and 1008 and dummy electrode 1006B.

[0066] Figure 10B A top view of a touch sensor panel 1000 according to an example of this disclosure is shown. Specifically, the touch sensor panel 1000 shows a sensor disposed on a first layer (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 10A Touch electrodes 1004 arranged vertically or in a column configuration on L1 (as shown) are disposed on a second layer (e.g., as shown). Figure 10B The touch electrode 1008 is shown on L2), and the touch electrode 1006A and dummy electrode 1006B are disposed on the third layer (e.g., L3). Figure 10BAs shown, touch electrode 1004 may be elongated with a relatively high aspect ratio (e.g., having a height greater than its width, or vice versa). Similarly, touch electrode 1006A may also be elongated with a relatively high aspect ratio (e.g., both having a height greater than their width, or vice versa). In some examples, each touch electrode 1006A may include a pattern of conductive material. For example, each touch electrode 1006A may be formed of three horizontal rows of conductive material (e.g., ITO), the horizontal rows being connected at the ends by two vertical columns of the same conductive material, as shown. Figure 10B As shown. This configuration creates at least two gaps between the three horizontal rows and two columns of conductive material forming the touch electrode 1006A, as... Figure 10B As shown. In some examples, touch electrode 1004 can operate as a driving electrode, and touch electrode 1006A can operate as a sensing electrode (and vice versa) for mutual capacitance touch sensing (e.g., as referenced above). Figure 4 (as described). In some examples, to achieve optical uniformity of the touch sensor panel 1000, the electrode 1006B may be a dummy electrode (e.g., grounded or kept floating).

[0067] In some examples, electrode 1006B may have a low aspect ratio (e.g., 1:x, where x is less than 4, less than 5, preferably less than 1.5; lower than the aspect ratio of electrodes 1004 and 1006A) and may be disposed in areas not covered by touch electrode 1006A on the third layer, including within or between touch electrodes 1006 (e.g., ...). Figure 10B (As shown). In some examples, touch electrode 1008 may also have a low aspect ratio (e.g., 1:x, where x is less than 4, less than 5, preferably less than 1.5; lower than the aspect ratio of electrodes 1004 and 1006A) and may be disposed between touch electrodes 1004 and 1006A in the second layer of touch sensor panel 1000, such as... Figure 10B As shown in the diagram. It should be understood that although the touch electrode 1008 is optionally arranged in... Figure 10B The touch electrode 1008 is positioned directly above the touch electrode 1004 (e.g., overlapping with the touch electrode 1004), but the touch electrode 1008 may also be arranged between (or partially between and partially above) the touch electrodes 1004. In some examples, the touch electrode 1004 may include gaps in areas where the touch electrode 1008 would otherwise overlap with the touch electrode 1004 to reduce such overlap between electrodes. In some examples, the wiring traces 1010 of the touch electrode 1008 (e.g., traces for coupling the touch electrode 1008 to the sensing circuitry) may be disposed on a second layer and may extend from the center of the touch sensor panel 1000 toward the periphery of the touch sensor panel 1000, such as... Figure 10BAs shown (e.g., facing sideways). In some examples, the aspect ratio of each touch electrode 1008 may be the same or substantially the same (e.g., a relatively low aspect ratio; smaller than that of electrodes 1004 and 1006A). In other examples, the aspect ratio of the touch electrodes 1008 may vary (e.g., the size may vary between the electrodes). For example, the touch electrode 1008 closer to the center of the touch sensor panel 1000 may have a larger surface area than the touch electrodes 1008 closer to the periphery of the touch sensor panel 1000, such as... Figure 10B As shown. In this way, the wiring traces 1010 of the touch electrode 1008, which is closer to the center of the touch sensor panel 1000, can be arranged around the touch electrode 1008, which is closer to the periphery of the touch sensor panel 1000, such as... Figure 10B As shown. In some examples, the touch electrode 1008 can operate as a self-capacitance electrode for self-capacitance touch sensing (e.g., as referenced above). Figure 3 (as stated). In Figure 10B In the example, the touch electrode 1008 may be a continuous metal plate without any gaps or internal patterns, and the touch electrode 1008 may be spatially housed within a single horizontal electrode 1006A and / or column electrode 1004 (e.g., not spanning multiple row electrodes 1006A and / or column electrodes 1004).

[0068] Figure 10C Another exemplary touch sensor panel 1001 is shown, having touch electrodes 1004, 1006A, 1008, dummy electrode 1006B, and wiring trace 1010. In some examples, the dimensions and positioning of the touch electrodes 1004, 1006A, dummy electrode 1006B, and wiring trace 1010 may be referenced as above. Figures 10A-10B As described above. However, the touch electrode 1008 in the touch sensor panel 1001 may span an area overlapping with the plurality of touch electrodes 1004 and / or 1006A, such as Figure 10C As shown. For example, touch electrode 1008 may be disposed on the second layer (e.g., as referenced above). Figure 10AThe touch electrodes 1008 (as described above) may each overlap with all or part of the width of the two touch electrodes 1004 and / or all or part of the height of the two touch electrodes 1006A. In some examples, the touch electrodes 1004 may include gaps in areas where the touch electrodes 1008 would otherwise overlap with the touch electrodes 1004 to reduce such overlap between electrodes. In some examples, the aspect ratio of each touch electrode 1008 may be the same or substantially the same (e.g., a relatively low aspect ratio; smaller than the aspect ratio of electrodes 1004 and 1006A). In other examples, the aspect ratio of the touch electrodes 1008 may vary (e.g., the size may vary between electrodes). For example, the touch electrode 1008 closer to the center of the touch sensor panel 1001 may have a larger surface area than the touch electrodes 1008 closer to the periphery of the touch sensor panel 1001, such as... Figure 10C As shown. In this way, the wiring traces 1010 of the touch electrode 1008, which is closer to the center of the touch sensor panel 1001, can be arranged around the touch electrodes 1008, which are closer to the periphery of the touch sensor panel 1001, such as... Figure 10C As shown. In some examples, two or more touch electrodes 1008 may be electrically coupled together and coupled to a sensing circuit using a single trace 1010. In some examples, the touch electrodes 1008 may operate as self-capacitance electrodes for self-capacitance touch sensing (e.g., as referenced above). Figure 3 (as stated). In Figure 10C In the example, the touch electrode 1008 may be a continuous metal plate without any gaps or internal patterns, and the touch electrode 1008 may be spatially housed within a single horizontal electrode 1006A and / or column electrode 1004 (e.g., not spanning multiple row electrodes 1006A and / or column electrodes 1004).

[0069] In some examples, touch electrode 1008 may be patterned to reduce the overlap between touch electrode 1008 and touch electrode 1004 and / or touch electrode 1006A. Figure 10D Another exemplary touch sensor panel 1002 is shown, featuring touch electrodes 1004, 1006A, 1008, a dummy electrode 1006B, and wiring traces 1010. In some examples, the dimensions and positioning of touch electrodes 1004 and 1006A, and dummy electrode 1006B, may be as described above. Figures 10A-10CHowever, the touch electrodes 1008 in the touch sensor panel 1002 may include a dot matrix pattern of conductive material (e.g., a sparse dot matrix) comprising one or more gaps 1013 (e.g., each touch electrode 1008 may have a grid-like pattern). In this way, the overlap between the touch electrodes 1008 and touch electrodes 1004 and 1006A and the dummy electrode 1006B can be reduced. In some examples, the one or more gaps 1013 formed by the dot matrix of conductive material may be rectangular (as shown), square, triangular, or any other shape. In some examples, the touch electrodes 1008 may span areas overlapping with multiple touch electrodes 1004 and / or 1006A, such as... Figure 10D As shown. For example, touch electrode 1008 may be disposed on the second layer (e.g., as referenced above). Figure 10A (as described above) and may each overlap with all or part of the width of the two touch electrodes 1004 and / or all or part of the height of the two touch electrodes 1006A. Figure 10D In some examples, the touch electrode 1008 may be spatially housed within a single horizontal electrode 1006A and / or column electrode 1004 (e.g., not spanning multiple row electrodes 1006A and / or column electrodes 1004). In some examples, the touch electrode 1004 may include gaps in areas where the dot matrix of the touch electrode 1008 would otherwise overlap with the touch electrode 1004 to reduce such overlap between electrodes.

[0070] In some examples, the aspect ratio of each touch electrode 1008 may be the same or substantially the same (e.g., a relatively low aspect ratio; smaller than that of electrodes 1004 and 1006A). For example, the touch electrodes may be arranged in an interleaved manner within the second layer (e.g., as shown in the diagram). Figure 10D (As shown). In this way, the wiring trace 1010 of the touch electrode 1008 closer to the center of the touch sensor panel 1002 can be arranged around the touch electrodes 1008 closer to the periphery of the touch sensor panel 1002, without the touch electrodes 1008 closer to the periphery of the touch sensor panel 1002 needing to be smaller than the touch electrodes 1008 closer to the center of the touch sensor panel 1002, as shown. Figure 10D As shown. In other examples, the aspect ratio of the touch electrode 1008 can be varied (e.g., the size can vary between the electrodes). For example, the touch electrode 1008 closer to the center of the touch sensor panel 1002 can have a larger surface area than the touch electrodes 1008 closer to the periphery of the touch sensor panel 1002—regardless of whether the touch electrodes 1008 are arranged in an interleaved manner. In this way, the wiring traces 1010 of the touch electrode 1008 closer to the center of the touch sensor panel 1002 can be arranged around the touch electrodes 1008 closer to the periphery of the touch sensor panel 1002 (e.g., as referenced above). Figures 10B-10C(as described above). In some examples, the touch electrode 1008 may operate as a self-capacitance electrode for self-capacitance touch sensing (e.g., as referenced above). Figure 3 The above).

[0071] Figure 10E Another exemplary touch sensor panel 1003 is shown, having touch electrodes 1004, 1006A, dummy electrodes 1006B, and wiring traces 1010. The touch electrode 1008 may be formed by electrically connecting two or more dot matrix portions having a first width and a first height to dot matrix portions having a second width (less than the first width) and / or a second height (less than the first height) to further reduce the overlap between the touch electrode 1008 and electrodes 1004 and / or 1006A. For example, the dot matrix portions 1008A-1008D in the touch sensor panel 1003 may include a dot matrix pattern (e.g., a sparse dot matrix) of conductive material including one or more gaps 1013 (e.g., each of the dot matrix portions 1008A-1008D may have a grid-like pattern), and may be electrically coupled together by traces or connecting bridges 1015 to form the touch electrode 1008. In some examples, the one or more gaps 1013 formed by the dot matrix of conductive material may be rectangular (as shown), square, triangular, or any other shape. In some examples, the width of bridge 1015 may be smaller than the width of the portion constituting the lattice portion of electrode 1008. In some examples, bridge 1015 may be located in the region between electrodes 1004 (e.g., connecting two lattice portions housed in the regions of two different electrodes 1004) and / or across the outer boundary of electrode 1006A (e.g., connecting two lattice portions overlapping with two different electrodes 1006A). In some examples, Figure 10E The dot matrix of conductive material in the touch sensor panel 1003 is comparable to Figure 10D The dot matrix of conductive material in the touch sensor panel 1002 is thicker. In some examples, Figure 10E The dot matrix of the conductive material in the touch sensor panel 1003 can interact with Figure 10D The conductive material in the touch sensor panel 1002 has a matrix of dots that is equal to or thicker than the matrix. In some examples, the matrix portions 1008A-1008D may have varying widths and / or heights within the touch sensor panel 1003 (e.g., the matrix portions 1008A-1008D may have varying aspect ratios). In some examples, the matrix portions 1008A-1008D are arranged directly above the touch electrode 1004 (e.g., each of the matrix portions 1008A-1008D overlaps with the touch electrode 1004), such as... Figure 10EAs shown. In some examples, the dot matrix portions 1008A-1008D may be arranged between (or partially located between and partially above) the touch electrodes 1004. In some examples, the touch electrodes 1004 may include gaps in areas where one or more dot matrix portions 1008A-1008D would otherwise overlap with the touch electrodes 1004 to reduce such overlap between electrodes. In some examples, one or more of the dot matrix portions 1008A-1008D may span areas overlapping with multiple touch electrodes 1004 and / or 1006A. In some examples, the touch electrodes formed by coupling the dot matrix portions 1008A-1008D may span areas overlapping with multiple touch electrodes 1004 and / or 1006A. For example, the touch electrodes formed by coupling the dot matrix portions 1008A-1008D may overlap with all or part of the width of two touch electrodes 1004 and / or all or part of the height of two touch electrodes 1006A (e.g., as shown). Figure 10E (As shown).

[0072] In some examples, the total electrode area of ​​the coupled lattice portions can be substantially equal between one set of coupled lattice portions and another set of coupled lattice portions (e.g., within 5%, 10%, 15% of each other), but in some examples, the size / placement of those lattice portions in each set of lattice portions can be different (e.g., as shown in the example). Figure 10E As shown, some groups of dot matrix portions may have smaller dot matrix portions in their top portions and larger dot matrix portions in their bottom portions, while other groups of dot matrix portions may have larger dot matrix portions in their top portions and smaller dot matrix portions in their bottom portions. In some examples, each of the touch electrodes formed by coupling dot matrix portions 1008A-1008D may be arranged in an alternating manner within the second layer (e.g., as shown). Figure 10E (As shown). In some examples, the touch electrodes formed by coupling the dot matrix portions 1008A-1008D can operate as self-capacitance electrodes for self-capacitance touch sensing (e.g., as referenced above). Figure 3 (as described above). In some examples, the dimensions and positioning of touch electrodes 1004, 1006A, dummy electrode 1006B, and wiring trace 1010 may be as described above. Figures 10A-10D As stated above. Figure 10E In the example, one or more of the touch electrodes 1008A-1008D may be spatially accommodated within a single horizontal electrode 1006A and / or column electrode 1004 (e.g., not spanning multiple row electrodes 1006A and / or column electrodes 1004).

[0073] Therefore, examples of this disclosure provide various touch sensor panel configurations that include touch electrodes operating in self-capacitance and mutual-capacitance configurations, thereby improving the touch sensing performance of the system while reducing the number of electrodes and corresponding wiring traces.

[0074] Therefore, based on the foregoing, some examples of this disclosure relate to a touch sensor panel comprising: a first set of touch electrodes configured to operate as drive lines and disposed in a first layer of the touch sensor panel; a second set of touch electrodes configured to operate as sensing lines and disposed in a second layer of the touch sensor panel, different from the first layer, wherein one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes are formed by the first and second sets of touch electrodes; and a third set of touch electrodes configured to operate as self-capacitance electrodes and disposed in either the first or second layer of the touch sensor panel. In addition to one or more examples disclosed for the foregoing, or alternatively, in some examples, the third set of touch electrodes is disposed in the first layer of the touch sensor panel. In addition to one or more examples disclosed for the foregoing, or alternatively, in some examples, the third set of touch electrodes is disposed in the second layer of the touch sensor panel between electrodes in the second set of touch electrodes. In addition to one or more examples disclosed for the foregoing, or alternatively, in some examples, the third set of touch electrodes is disposed along the boundary of the touch sensor panel. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, in some examples, a third set of touch electrodes is disposed between one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, a first set of touch electrodes is disposed in a first layer along a first direction; and a second set of touch electrodes is disposed in a second layer along a second direction different from the first direction. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, a first set of wiring traces is configured to electrically couple the first set of touch electrodes to a sensing circuit; a second set of wiring traces is configured to electrically couple the second set of touch electrodes to a sensing circuit; and a third set of wiring traces is configured to electrically couple the third set of touch electrodes to a sensing circuit. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, the touch electrodes in the first set of touch electrodes include one or more gaps; and the touch electrodes in the third set of touch electrodes are disposed in the first layer within the gaps in the touch electrodes of the first set of touch electrodes. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, the third set of wiring traces extends in the first layer along a first direction within the gaps in the touch electrodes of the first set of touch electrodes toward one or more edges of the touch sensor panel. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, the first set of touch electrodes and the third set of touch electrodes are driven to operate as drive lines during the mutual capacitance mode of the touch sensor panel.In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, the wiring traces in the third set of wiring traces coupled to the touch electrode in the third set of touch electrodes that is closer to the center of the touch sensor panel are arranged around the electrode in the third set of electrodes that is closer to the edge of the touch sensor panel; and the touch electrodes in the third set of touch electrodes may be sized such that the touch electrode in the third set of touch electrodes that is closer to the edge of the touch sensor panel is smaller than the touch electrode in the third set of touch electrodes that is closer to the center of the touch sensor panel. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, the third set of touch electrodes and the third set of wiring traces are disposed in the second layer of the touch sensor panel such that the third set of touch electrodes and the third set of wiring traces are disposed between the touch electrodes in the second set of touch electrodes along a second direction. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, the third set of touch electrodes is configured to be between one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes on the touch sensor panel; and along the boundary of the touch sensor panel. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, a first region between the touch electrodes in the third set of touch electrodes is disposed along the boundary and edge of the touch sensor panel, wherein: the wiring traces in the third set of wiring traces corresponding to the touch electrodes disposed between one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes are at least partially disposed within the first region and extend at least partially along the first region. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, a first region between the touch electrodes in the third set of touch electrodes is disposed along the boundary of the touch sensor panel and one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes, wherein: the wiring traces in the third set of wiring traces corresponding to the touch electrodes disposed between one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes are at least partially disposed within the first region and extend at least partially along the first region. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, the third set of touch electrodes is disposed in a second layer of the touch sensor panel, and the third set of wiring traces is disposed in a first layer of the touch sensor panel. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above or alternatively, the touch sensor panel is divided into quadrants such that the first set of touch electrodes, the second set of touch electrodes and the third set of touch electrodes are each divided into quadrants, such that touch electrodes in the first quadrant of the quadrant can be sensed independently of touch electrodes from the second quadrant which is different from the first quadrant of the quadrant.

[0075] Some examples of this disclosure relate to a touch sensor panel including: a first set of touch electrodes configured to operate as drive lines during a mutual capacitance measurement mode of the touch sensor panel; a second set of touch electrodes configured to operate as sensing lines during the mutual capacitance measurement mode of the touch sensor panel; and a third set of touch electrodes configured to operate as self-capacitance touch electrodes during a self-capacitance measurement mode of the touch sensor panel, wherein during the self-capacitance measurement mode of the touch sensor panel, a change in the self-capacitance of the third set of touch electrodes is sensed while the first set of touch electrodes or the second set of touch electrodes is actively driven at a certain voltage. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, actively driving the first set of touch electrodes or the second set of touch electrodes during the self-capacitance measurement mode of the touch sensor panel includes sensing a change in the self-capacitance of the first set of touch electrodes or the second set of touch electrodes. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above, or alternatively, actively driving the first set of touch electrodes or the second set of touch electrodes during the self-capacitance measurement mode of the touch sensor panel includes driving the second set of touch electrodes at the voltage without sensing a change in the capacitance of the second set of touch electrodes. In addition to one or more examples disclosed above or alternatively, during the mutual capacitance mode of the touch sensor panel: the touch electrode pairs in the third set of touch electrodes are driven such that the first touch electrode in each touch electrode pair acts as a sensing electrode and the second touch electrode in each touch electrode pair acts as a driving electrode, thereby forming a mutual capacitance touch node by the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode in each touch electrode pair, and sensing the capacitance change at the mutual capacitance touch node between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode in the sensing electrode pair.

[0076] Some examples of this disclosure relate to a method for operating a touch sensor panel, the method comprising: operating a first set of touch electrodes disposed in a first layer of the touch sensor panel as driving lines; operating a second set of touch electrodes disposed in a second layer of the touch sensor panel, different from the first layer of the touch sensor panel, as sensing lines, wherein one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes are formed by the first set of touch electrodes and the second set of touch electrodes; and operating a third set of touch electrodes disposed in the first or second layer of the touch sensor panel as self-capacitance electrodes.

[0077] Some examples of this disclosure relate to a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs including instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising: operating a first set of touch electrodes disposed in a first layer of a touch sensor panel as drive lines; operating a second set of touch electrodes disposed in a second layer of a touch sensor panel different from the first layer of the touch sensor panel as sensing lines, wherein one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes are formed by the first set of touch electrodes and the second set of touch electrodes; and operating a third set of touch electrodes disposed in the first or second layer of the touch sensor panel as self-capacitance electrodes.

[0078] Some examples of this disclosure relate to a method for operating a touch sensor panel, the method comprising: operating a first set of touch electrodes as drive lines during a mutual capacitance measurement mode of the touch sensor panel; and operating a second set of touch electrodes as sensing lines; and operating a third set of touch electrodes as self-capacitance touch electrodes during a self-capacitance measurement mode of the touch sensor panel; and sensing a change in the self-capacitance of the third set of touch electrodes while actively driving the first set of touch electrodes or the second set of touch electrodes at a certain voltage.

[0079] Some examples of this disclosure relate to a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs including instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising: operating a first set of touch electrodes as drive lines during a mutual capacitance measurement mode of a touch sensor panel; and operating a second set of touch electrodes as sensing lines; and operating a third set of touch electrodes as self-capacitance touch electrodes during a self-capacitance measurement mode of the touch sensor panel; and sensing a change in the self-capacitance of the third set of touch electrodes while actively driving the first set of touch electrodes or the second set of touch electrodes at a certain voltage.

[0080] While examples of this disclosure have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It should be understood that such changes and modifications are considered to be included within the scope of the examples of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A touch sensor panel, the touch sensor panel comprising: The first set of touch electrodes is configured to operate as driving electrodes for one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes during a first mode of the touch sensor panel, and as electrodes other than self-capacitance electrodes during a second mode of the touch sensor panel. The second set of touch electrodes is configured to operate as sensing electrodes for the one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes during the first mode of the touch sensor panel, wherein the one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes are formed by the first set of touch electrodes and the second set of touch electrodes. as well as The third set of touch electrodes is configured to operate as self-capacitance electrodes during the second mode of the touch sensor panel, and as driving electrodes for the one or more mutual-capacitance touch nodes during the first mode of the touch sensor panel. The first mode and the second mode of the touch sensor panel do not overlap in time.

2. The touch sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein: The third set of touch electrodes is disposed in the first layer of the touch sensor panel.

3. The touch sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein: The third set of touch electrodes is disposed in the second layer between the electrodes of the second set of touch electrodes in the touch sensor panel.

4. The touch sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein: The third set of touch electrodes is arranged along the boundary of the touch sensor panel.

5. The touch sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein: The third set of touch electrodes is disposed between one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes.

6. The touch sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein: The first set of touch electrodes is disposed in the first layer along a first direction; and The second set of touch electrodes is disposed in the second layer along a second direction different from the first direction.

7. The touch sensor panel according to claim 6, further comprising: The first set of wiring traces is configured to electrically couple the first set of touch electrodes to the sensing circuit. A second set of wiring traces is configured to electrically couple the second set of touch electrodes to the sensing circuit. and A third set of wiring traces is configured to electrically couple the third set of touch electrodes to the sensing circuit.

8. The touch sensor panel according to claim 7, wherein: The third set of wiring traces extends in the first layer along a first direction toward one or more edges of the touch sensor panel in the first set of touch electrodes.

9. The touch sensor panel according to claim 7, wherein: The wiring traces in the third set of wiring traces, which are coupled to the touch electrode in the third set of touch electrodes that is closer to the center of the touch sensor panel, are arranged around the electrode in the third set of touch electrodes that is closer to the edge of the touch sensor panel. and The touch electrodes in the third group of touch electrodes can be varied in size, such that the touch electrode in the third group of touch electrodes that is closer to the edge of the touch sensor panel is smaller than the touch electrode in the third group of touch electrodes that is closer to the center of the touch sensor panel.

10. The touch sensor panel according to claim 7, wherein: The third set of touch electrodes and the third set of wiring traces are disposed in the second layer of the touch sensor panel, such that the third set of touch electrodes and the third set of wiring traces are disposed between the touch electrodes in the second set of touch electrodes along the second direction.

11. The touch sensor panel according to claim 7, wherein: The third set of touch electrodes is configured as follows: Between the one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes on the touch sensor panel; and Along the boundary of the touch sensor panel.

12. The touch sensor panel according to claim 11, further comprising: The first region between the touch electrodes in the third group of touch electrodes is disposed along the boundary and edge of the touch sensor panel, wherein: The wiring traces in the third set of wiring traces corresponding to the touch electrodes disposed between the one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes are at least partially disposed within the first region and extend at least partially along the first region.

13. The touch sensor panel according to claim 11, further comprising: The first region between the touch electrodes in the third group of touch electrodes is disposed along the boundary of the touch sensor panel and the one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes, wherein: The wiring traces in the third set of wiring traces corresponding to the touch electrodes disposed between the one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes are at least partially disposed within the first region and extend at least partially along the first region.

14. The touch sensor panel according to claim 7, wherein: The third set of touch electrodes is disposed in the second layer of the touch sensor panel, and the third set of wiring traces is disposed in the first layer of the touch sensor panel.

15. The touch sensor panel according to claim 7, wherein: The touch sensor panel is divided into quadrants, such that the first group of touch electrodes, the second group of touch electrodes, and the third group of touch electrodes are each divided into the quadrant, which allows touch electrodes in the first quadrant of the quadrant to be sensed independently of touch electrodes from the second quadrant, which is different from the first quadrant of the quadrant.

16. A method for operating a touch sensor panel, the method comprising: The first set of touch electrodes of the touch sensor panel is operated as driving electrodes for one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes during the first mode of the touch sensor panel, and as electrodes other than self-capacitance electrodes during the second mode of the touch sensor panel. The second set of touch electrodes of the touch sensor panel is operated as sensing electrodes for one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes during the first mode of the touch sensor panel, wherein one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes are formed by the first set of touch electrodes and the second set of touch electrodes; as well as The third set of touch electrodes operates as self-capacitance electrodes during the second mode of the touch sensor panel, and also as driving electrodes for the one or more mutual-capacitance touch nodes during the first mode of the touch sensor panel. The first mode and the second mode of the touch sensor panel do not overlap in time.

17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, said one or more programs including instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a touch sensor panel to perform operations, said operations including: The first set of touch electrodes of the touch sensor panel is operated as driving electrodes for one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes during the first mode of the touch sensor panel, and as electrodes other than self-capacitance electrodes during the second mode of the touch sensor panel. The second set of touch electrodes of the touch sensor panel is operated as sensing electrodes for one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes during the first mode of the touch sensor panel, wherein one or more mutual capacitance touch nodes are formed by the first set of touch electrodes and the second set of touch electrodes; as well as The third set of touch electrodes operates as self-capacitance electrodes during the second mode of the touch sensor panel, and also as driving electrodes for the one or more mutual-capacitance touch nodes during the first mode of the touch sensor panel. The first mode and the second mode of the touch sensor panel do not overlap in time.

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