Brown fiber-based tobacco seedling medium and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a palm fiber-based tobacco seedling matrix and a preparation method thereof. The raw materials of the palm fiber-based tobacco seedling matrix include fermented palm fiber. The fermented palm fiber is prepared by desalting and fermenting the palm fiber as the raw material, and may also include perlite and vermiculite. The preparation method is to uniformly mix all the raw materials to form the palm fiber-based tobacco seedling matrix. The fermented palm fiber used in the palm fiber-based tobacco seedling matrix of the present invention can safely replace peat, and has the advantages of stable particle size structure, good air permeability, excellent water retention, high organic matter content, high total nutrients and low bulk density. It can alleviate the pressure of the shortage of peat resources faced by tobacco seedling matrix production enterprises, and achieve the purpose of improving quality, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation substrates, and particularly relates to a brown fiber-based tobacco seedling cultivation substrate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco seedling substrates are the foundation of tobacco seedling cultivation and a crucial factor in determining the root growth environment. In addition to supporting and stabilizing the plants, they more importantly serve as a transit station, transferring nutrients and water from the nutrient solution. Currently, floating, shallow-water, and wet seedling cultivation methods are commonly used for tobacco seedling cultivation both domestically and internationally. These substrates are single-use, accompanying the seedlings into the field during transplanting. With the rapid development and widespread application of intensive, factory-based tobacco substrate cultivation technology, demand for them is increasing. The production of tobacco seedling substrates in my country complies with tobacco industry standard YC / T310-2009, "Tobacco Floating Seedling Substrate." Its technical specifications are based on the use of domestically produced peat as the primary raw material. Currently, peat is an essential raw material for tobacco seedling substrate production. However, as a non-renewable mineral resource, peat is subject to environmental and wetland protection requirements. The state strictly restricts its mining, leaving few qualified mining institutions. Furthermore, the state has cracked down on illegal peat mining and sales, leading to a severe peat supply shortage and soaring prices. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new resource to replace peat as a raw material for tobacco seedling cultivation.

[0003] At the same time, peat also has the following drawbacks in practical applications: high decomposition, heavy mud content, easily broken fibers, and poor particle size structure stability. These drawbacks severely affect the air permeability and structural stability of the seedling medium, resulting in excessive water retention, airtightness, and easy compaction during the seedling cultivation process. This in turn affects the growth of tobacco seedlings, resulting in weak and frail seedlings, underdeveloped root systems, and even yellowing and death. Furthermore, given the long tobacco seedling cultivation period, approximately 60-90 days from sowing to transplanting, these drawbacks are particularly pronounced for tobacco crops with a long seedling period.

[0004] Therefore, how to obtain a tobacco seedling substrate with stable particle size structure, good air permeability and excellent water retention is of great significance for tobacco cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate with stable particle size structure, good air permeability, excellent water retention, high organic matter content, high total nutrient content and low bulk density, and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] A palm fiber-based tobacco seedling cultivation matrix comprises fermented palm fiber as raw material. The fermented palm fiber is prepared by desalting and fermenting the palm fiber as raw material.

[0008] The above-mentioned brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate preferably comprises raw materials further including perlite and vermiculite.

[0009] The above-mentioned palm fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate is preferably prepared with the following raw materials in the following volume fractions: 50% to 60% fermented palm fiber, 30% to 35% perlite, and 10% to 15% vermiculite.

[0010] As a general technical concept, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned brown fiber-based tobacco seedling-growing matrix, wherein all raw materials are mixed evenly to prepare the brown fiber-based tobacco seedling-growing matrix.

[0011] The method for preparing the above-mentioned brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate preferably comprises the following steps:

[0012] (1) Desalination: Using palm fiber as raw material, adding calcium nitrate solution for soaking and washing to obtain desalted palm fiber;

[0013] (2) Fermentation: mixing the desalted palm fiber obtained in step S1, rice bran, urea and a microbial fermentation agent, and performing a fermentation treatment to obtain fermented palm fiber;

[0014] (3) Matrix preparation: All the above raw materials are mixed evenly to obtain a brown fiber-based tobacco seedling matrix.

[0015] In the above-mentioned method for preparing the brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate, preferably, in step (1), the mass fraction of the calcium nitrate solution is 5% to 10%, and the soaking time is 20h to 24h.

[0016] The above-mentioned method for preparing the palm fiber-based tobacco seedling matrix, preferably, in step (2), the volume ratio of the desalted palm fiber to the rice bran is 4 to 5:1, the amount of urea added is 0.55 kg to 0.65 kg of urea per cubic meter of desalted palm fiber, and the amount of the microbial fermentation agent added is 0.18 kg to 0.25 kg per cubic meter of desalted palm fiber.

[0017] In the above-mentioned method for preparing the brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate, preferably, in step (2), during the fermentation process, when the seed germination index GI of the fermented brown fiber is ≥85%, the fermentation is terminated.

[0018] In the above-mentioned method for preparing the brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate, preferably, in step (1), the washing is performed with water until the Ec of the brown fiber is ≤500 μS / cm, and the washing time is 20 h to 24 h.

[0019] In the above-mentioned method for preparing the palm fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate, preferably, in step (1), the moisture content of the desalted palm fiber is 65% to 75%.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) The present invention provides a palm fiber-based tobacco seedling matrix, the raw materials include fermented palm fiber, and the fermented palm fiber is prepared by desalting and fermenting the palm fiber as raw material. The fermented palm fiber in the present invention contains rich nutrients and organic matter and a stable fiber particle size structure, which can safely replace peat and be used as the main raw material for the production of tobacco seedling matrix. At the same time, the fermented palm fiber has reached the requirement of being free of pests and diseases after desalting and fermentation, and does not need to be sterilized again, while peat still needs to be sterilized by high temperature to kill grass seeds and insect eggs. Based on this, the tobacco seedling matrix with fermented palm fiber as raw material has the advantages of stable particle size structure, good air permeability, excellent water retention, high organic matter content, high total nutrients and low bulk density; on this basis, the tobacco seedling matrix is ​​used for seedling cultivation, and during the process, it is not easy to harden, it is not easy to grow weeds, the emergence rate is high, the seedling death rate is low, and the obtained seedlings are stronger. In addition, the palm fiber used in the present invention comes from the waste palm fiber scraps of mattress factories, which is low in price. The cost price of the fermented palm fiber obtained is 150 yuan / m 3 The current purchase price of peat is 450-480 yuan / m 3 It can not only realize the recycling of waste resources and turn waste into treasure, but also alleviate the pressure of tight peat resources faced by tobacco seedling substrate production enterprises, achieve the purpose of improving quality, reducing costs and increasing efficiency, create huge economic benefits for enterprises, and bring good environmental, ecological and social benefits.

[0022] (2) The present invention also provides a method for preparing a palm fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate, wherein the fermented palm fiber is obtained by desalting and fermenting the palm fiber. On the one hand, the palm fiber includes coconut shell fiber and palm fiber, which are all natural plant materials and renewable resources; and the palm fiber is mainly composed of cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and pectin substances, etc., and has excellent toughness, moisture resistance, heat resistance and mechanical properties; on the other hand, the addition of rice bran can not only reduce the moisture content of the palm fiber, so that the moisture content of the palm fiber is appropriate during fermentation, but also because the rice bran contains rich protein, it can also provide nutrition to the fermentation bacteria, so that the fermentation bacteria can reproduce rapidly, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid fermentation and decomposition of the palm fiber. In the present invention, the fully fermented and decomposed palm fiber becomes a loose, soft, black-brown solid material without disease, insects and weeds. It has richer fibers and more stable particle size structure than peat, and is an excellent material for producing tobacco seedling substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereby. The materials and instruments used in the following examples are all commercially available.

[0024] Example 1:

[0025] The invention discloses a palm fiber-based tobacco seedling growing matrix, which comprises the following raw material components by volume: 50% to 60% fermented palm fiber, 30% to 35% perlite, and 10% to 15% vermiculite. The fermented palm fiber is prepared by desalting and fermenting the palm fiber.

[0026] A method for preparing the brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0027] (1) The leftover palm fiber from the mattress factory was used as raw material, placed in a desalination tank, washed with a 5-10% calcium nitrate solution by spraying, and then soaked for 24 hours before draining. Then, it was sprayed with clean water, washed, and soaked for 24 hours before draining. Samples were taken, and when the Ec value of the palm fiber was ≤500μS / cm, the palm fiber was taken out of the desalination tank by a forklift and piled on a slightly sloping ground to drain. The water content of the drained palm fiber was about 65% to 75%, thus obtaining desalted palm fiber.

[0028] (2) Desalinated palm fiber and rice bran are mixed, and the volume ratio of desalinated palm fiber to rice bran is 4:1. Then urea and microbial fermentation agent are added. The microbial fermentation agent is specifically Nong Da Ge biological composting agent. The amount of urea added is 0.6 kg / m3 based on the volume of desalinated palm fiber. 3 The addition amount of microbial fermentation agent is 0.2kg / m 3 , mixed and then fermented. During the fermentation process, the timer starts when the pile temperature reaches 55°C. On the 7th to 12th day of fermentation, the pile temperature is maintained between 65-70°C. Starting from the 13th day of fermentation, the pile temperature begins to drop. After the temperature drops below 50°C on the 15th day of fermentation, the pile continues to age for 15 days. At this time, the appearance color of the palm fiber changes from brown-yellow to dark brown, and it feels soft. Its seed germination index GI is ≥85%, then the fermentation is completed, and the fermented palm fiber is obtained.

[0029] (3) Mix the raw materials evenly to obtain a brown fiber-based tobacco seedling medium.

[0030] Example 2:

[0031] The seedling cultivation conditions of different tobacco seedling substrates were investigated, specifically the tobacco seedling substrate in Example 1 of the present invention and the tobacco seedling substrate with peat as raw material were used to verify the feasibility and seedling cultivation effect of configuring the tobacco seedling substrate with the fermented palm fiber in Example 1 of the present invention instead of peat.

[0032] The tobacco seedling medium formula design for the experiment is shown in Table 1. Each group of tobacco seedling medium is configured with 30L, and each group is sown in 4 trays, with a standard of 200 holes per tray.

[0033] Table 1 Formula design of tobacco seedling medium

[0034]

[0035] Experimental observation and data statistics:

[0036] (1) Sampling and testing of physical and chemical indicators of each treatment;

[0037] (2) Observe and record the emergence rate and emergence time of each treatment;

[0038] (3) Observe the situation on the plate and the growth of tobacco seedlings, and make records;

[0039] (4) After the seedlings have grown, the biological characteristics of the plants are tested, such as plant height, stem thickness, leaf width, aboveground stem, fresh weight, underground stem, fresh weight, etc.

[0040] The physicochemical properties of peat and fermented palm fiber are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2 Physicochemical properties of peat and fermented palm fiber

[0042]

[0043] The physical and chemical properties of different tobacco seedling substrates are shown in Table 3.

[0044] Table 3 Physicochemical properties of different tobacco seedling substrates

[0045]

[0046] The YC / T310-2009 standard for tobacco seedling medium requires: a particle size of 1-5 mm or greater (≥40%), a total porosity of 80-95%, an Ec of ≤1000 μS / cm, a pH of 5.0-7.0, organic matter of ≥15%, and a bulk density of 0.1-0.35 NPK. There are no limits on total nutrients, but increasing total nutrients increases Ec, and a higher Ec indicates a more fertile seedling medium. Table 3 shows that T1, T2, and T3 all meet the YC / T310-2009 standard. T2 and T3 all have higher 1-5 mm particle size percentages, total porosity, pH, Ec, organic matter content, and total nutrients than T1, while particle sizes <1 mm are lower than T1. The above data show that T2 and T3 have better particle size structure, air permeability, and water retention than T1, indicating that they are less likely to become compacted during seedling cultivation. T2 and T3 have higher Ec, organic matter, and total nutrients than T1, indicating that they are more fertile and have better buffering properties. While the pH values ​​of T1, T2, and T3 all meet acceptable standards, those of T2 and T3 fall within the optimal range of 6.2-6.8 for most plant growth. T2 and T3 have lower bulk densities than T1, indicating that T1 contains more mud than T2 and T3. Therefore, T2 and T3 better meet the substrate requirements of "loose, breathable, and lightweight" than T1. During seedling cultivation, T1 is more likely to become compacted and airtight due to excessive water absorption, which is detrimental to tobacco seedling growth. Furthermore, during production and transportation, T2 and T3 are lighter than T1, resulting in more efficient production and lower transportation costs.

[0047] The observation data of the seedling raising experiment on different tobacco seedling raising substrates are shown in Table 4.

[0048] Table 4 Observation data of seedling raising experiment on different tobacco seedling raising substrates

[0049]

[0050] As shown in Table 4, the water content of T1 is higher than that of T2 and T3, and blue-green algae grow on the disk surface, indicating that the particle size structure of T1 is worse than that of T2 and T3; weeds grow on the disk surface of T1, while T2 and T3 do not, indicating that there are fresh grass seeds in the raw material peat of T1, which need to be killed through a sterilization process, while T2 and T3 have met the requirements of being free of diseases, insects and weeds after salt washing and fermentation; T1, T2 and T3 did not show salinization phenomenon, and the seedling emergence period was 7 days, but the seedling emergence rate of T2 and T3 was higher than that of T1, and the tobacco seedling growth potential was also significantly better than that of T1; the yellow seedling death rate of T1 reached 5.3%, while the yellow seedling death rate of T2 and T3 was 0, and the seedling rate of T1 was more than 13.2% higher than that of T2 and T3. All these indicate that the substrate formula of T2 and T3 is more breathable and structurally stable than that of T1, which is more conducive to the growth of tobacco seedlings.

[0051] The comparison of biological characteristics of tobacco seedlings in different tobacco seedling growing media is shown in Table 5.

[0052] Table 5 Comparison of biological characteristics of tobacco seedlings in different seedling culture media

[0053]

[0054] As shown in Table 5, the plant height, stem girth, leaf width, aboveground fresh weight, aboveground dry weight, underground fresh weight and underground dry weight of T2 and T3 are all larger than those of T1. The aboveground dry-to-fresh ratio of T1 is 0.0678 and the underground dry-to-fresh ratio is 0.1026, while the aboveground dry-to-fresh ratio of T2 is 0.0720 and the underground dry-to-fresh ratio is 0.1186. The aboveground dry-to-fresh ratio of T3 is 0.0740 and the underground dry-to-fresh ratio is 0.1088. The aboveground and underground dry-to-fresh ratios of T2 and T3 are both larger than those of T1, which indicates that the tobacco seedlings of T2 and T3 are stronger than those of T1.

[0055] In summary, the palm fiber-based tobacco seedling matrix of the present invention has the advantages of stable particle size structure, good air permeability, excellent water retention, high organic matter content and high nutrient content. The tobacco seedlings cultivated using the palm fiber-based tobacco seedling matrix have a high seedling emergence rate, a low seedling mortality rate, good growth of the tobacco seedlings and are stronger.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any formal limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in terms of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can, without departing from the spirit and technical solution of the present invention, use the methods and technical contents disclosed above to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment of equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate, characterized in that: The raw materials include fermented palm fiber, which also includes perlite and vermiculite. The raw materials are prepared according to the following volume fractions: 50% to 60% fermented palm fiber, 30% to 35% perlite, and 10% to 15% vermiculite. The fermented palm fiber is prepared by desalting and fermenting the palm fiber. The fermented brown fiber is: (1) Using palm fiber as raw material, adding calcium nitrate solution for soaking and washing to obtain desalted palm fiber; the mass fraction of the calcium nitrate solution is 5% to 10%, and the soaking time is 20h to 24h; (2) Desalinated palm fiber, rice bran, urea and a microbial fermentation agent are mixed and fermented to obtain fermented palm fiber; the volume ratio of the desalinated palm fiber to the rice bran is 4 to 5:1, the amount of urea added is 0.55 kg to 0.65 kg per cubic meter of desalinated palm fiber, and the amount of the microbial fermentation agent added is 0.18 kg to 0.25 kg per cubic meter of desalinated palm fiber.

2. A method for preparing the brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: All raw materials are mixed evenly to prepare a brown fiber-based tobacco seedling medium.

3. The method for preparing the brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Desalination: Using palm fiber as raw material, adding calcium nitrate solution for soaking and washing to obtain desalted palm fiber; (2) Fermentation: mixing desalted palm fiber, rice bran, urea and a microbial fermentation agent, and performing a fermentation treatment to obtain fermented palm fiber; (3) Matrix preparation: Mix all the above raw materials evenly to obtain a brown fiber-based tobacco seedling matrix.

4. The method for preparing the brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (2), during the fermentation process, when the seed germination index GI of the fermented palm fiber is ≥85%, the fermentation is terminated.

5. The method for preparing the brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate according to any one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that: In step (1), the washing is performed with water until the Ec of the palm fiber is ≤ 500 μS / cm, and the washing time is 20 h to 24 h.

6. The method for preparing the brown fiber-based tobacco seedling substrate according to any one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that: In step (1), the moisture content of the desalinated palm fiber is 65% to 75%.

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