Bionic artificial balloon type hip joint

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of femoral head necrosis treatment, in particular to a bionic artificial balloon type half hip joint, which comprises a sleeve, a femoral neck, a fixing screw and a femoral neck limiting nut, the sleeve is fixed on a femur through the fixing screw, the femoral neck is slidingly connected in the sleeve, a balloon is fixed on the outer periphery of the top section of the femoral neck, the inside of the femoral neck is hollow, and a side hole is arranged at the top end of the femoral neck and communicates with the balloon, and the femoral neck limiting nut is used for being fixed in the sleeve to position the femoral neck. The balloon type femoral head is compared with the metal and ceramic femoral heads, the balloon type femoral head is more matched with the shape of the acetabulum in terms of shape, the elastic modulus of the balloon type femoral head is equivalent to that of the bone cartilage of the acetabulum, the balloon type femoral head is beneficial to cartilage nutrition, and the wear of the bone cartilage of the acetabulum is small; the balloon is in a shriveled state when no filler is filled in the balloon, the balloon can be placed in the femur along the sleeve, the joint capsule and the medullary cavity do not need to be opened, the trauma is small, the risk of subsequent infection and dislocation is small, meanwhile, the prosthesis wear can be replaced through the sleeve, and the replacement is convenient and fast and can be completed under local anesthesia.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of femoral head necrosis treatment technology, specifically to a bionic artificial balloon-type hemi-hip joint. Background Technology

[0002] Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, also known as ischemic necrosis or aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, refers to a disease in which the blood supply to the femoral head is damaged or interrupted, leading to the death of bone marrow components and bone cells and subsequent tissue repair, which in turn causes structural changes and collapse of the femoral head, resulting in hip pain and dysfunction in patients.

[0003] Common treatments for avascular necrosis of the femoral head include non-surgical and surgical treatments. Surgical treatments mainly include hip-preserving surgery and total hip replacement. Total hip replacement includes femoral head replacement, total hip replacement, and partial hip replacement. Total hip replacement involves removing the femoral head on the femoral side and replacing it with an artificial femoral head, as well as making an artificial acetabulum. Partial hip replacement mainly involves replacing the head and neck of the femur with an artificial prosthesis, preserving the patient's original acetabulum, and does not involve any replacement.

[0004] Existing artificial hemi-hip joint prostheses consist of a femoral stem and a double-moving femoral head (femoral head + double-stage liner + double-stage cup). The femoral stem requires opening the joint capsule and medullary cavity for insertion, which is highly invasive and carries risks of infection and dislocation. The femoral head is made of metal or ceramic, which has a large difference in elastic modulus compared to the acetabular cartilage, resulting in stress concentration, which is not conducive to cartilage nutrition and causes greater wear and tear on the acetabular cartilage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a bionic artificial balloon-type hemi-hip joint to solve the problems of large trauma and significant wear and tear on the acetabular cartilage during the implantation of existing artificial hemi-hip joint prostheses.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] The bionic artificial balloon-type hemi-hip joint includes a sleeve, a femoral neck, a fixing screw, and a femoral neck limiting nut. The sleeve is fixed to the femur by the fixing screw. The femoral neck is slidably connected inside the sleeve. A balloon is fixed to the outer periphery of the top segment of the femoral neck. The femoral neck is hollow inside and has a side hole at the top that communicates with the balloon. The femoral neck limiting nut is used to fix the femoral neck inside the sleeve and position it.

[0008] The principle of this scheme is as follows:

[0009] The sleeve is inserted obliquely from the upper lateral end of the femur and secured with fixing screws. The necrotic femoral head is pulverized and discharged from the sleeve. The femoral neck is then inserted through the sleeve. Once the tip of the femoral neck reaches the original position of the femoral head, water / gas / gel or other filler materials are injected into the balloon through the hollow tube of the femoral neck, causing the balloon to inflate and form the femoral head prosthesis. The femoral neck limiting nut is then screwed into the sleeve to secure the femoral neck, thus achieving its positioning.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this plan are:

[0011] 1. Using a balloon-type femoral head, compared to metal and ceramic femoral heads, the elastic modulus of the balloon-type femoral head is comparable to that of the acetabular cartilage. The femoral neck prosthesis can deform slightly to increase the fit and contact area with the acetabulum, which is beneficial to cartilage nutrition and causes less wear and tear on the acetabular cartilage.

[0012] 2. When the balloon is not filled with filler, it is in a deflated state and can be inserted into the femur through the sleeve without opening the joint capsule and medullary cavity, resulting in less trauma and a lower risk of subsequent infection and dislocation.

[0013] 3. In practical application, different sizes and lengths of sleeves can be selected according to different patients. The sleeve not only serves as the insertion channel for the femoral neck and as a support and positioning element after the femoral neck is inserted, but also as a channel for expelling necrotic femoral head. After the necrotic femoral head is crushed, it is discharged from the sleeve, and the femoral neck is also inserted along the sleeve. The sleeve part is the only incision in the operation, and the trauma is small.

[0014] 4. In practical applications, different lengths of femoral necks can be selected according to different patients. By adjusting the position of the femoral neck limiting nut, the positioning of different lengths of femoral necks can be adapted. There is no need to replace the sleeve, fixing screw and femoral neck limiting nut. It has a wide range of applications and the replacement and installation of femoral necks of various sizes are convenient.

[0015] 5. The femoral neck is secured within the sleeve by the femoral neck limiting nut, allowing for a certain amount of rotation within the sleeve. This means the balloon can rotate during use, continuously changing the contact point between the balloon and the acetabulum, avoiding single-point contact wear, and extending the service life of the balloon.

[0016] Furthermore, the femoral neck includes a large-diameter segment connected to the sleeve and a small-diameter segment for mounting the balloon. The balloon wraps around the surface of the small-diameter segment. When the balloon is not filled with filler, the overall diameter of the balloon and the small-diameter segment is less than or equal to the diameter of the large-diameter segment.

[0017] The advantages of this approach are: 1. The balloon wraps around the surface of the small diameter segment, providing a large fixation area, good fixation effect, and good structural stability; 2. When the balloon is not filled with filler, the overall diameter of the balloon and the small diameter segment is less than or equal to the diameter of the small diameter segment, which ensures that the femoral neck, i.e., the balloon, can be smoothly inserted into the femur through the sleeve, ensuring minimally invasive surgery.

[0018] Furthermore, the balloon is a double-layered balloon, with the two poles of the balloon fixed to the end and tail of the small diameter segment respectively, and the inner layer of the remaining part wrapped and fixed to the surface of the small diameter segment.

[0019] In this design, a double-layer balloon is used. The inner layer of the balloon serves as a connecting part, wrapping around the surface of the small-diameter segment of the femoral neck. This provides a large connecting area, good connection strength, and structural stability. The bipolar balloon is fixed at both ends of the small-diameter segment, which can be used to support the balloon, thereby improving the stability and structural strength of the balloon after inflation.

[0020] Furthermore, a lateral femoral fixation plate is connected below the sleeve, and the lateral femoral fixation plate has positioning holes for the fixation screws to pass through; the lateral femoral fixation plate is provided with a bent part, the thickness of which is less than the thickness of the rest of the lateral femoral fixation plate, and the bent part corresponds to the bend on the lateral side of the femur.

[0021] In this design, a bending section is provided to facilitate bending of the lateral femoral fixation plate from the bending section, so that it is bent into an arc that matches the curvature of the upper end of the femur. This makes the lateral femoral fixation plate fit the lateral side of the femur better, thereby improving the installation stability of the lateral femoral fixation plate and thus improving the installation stability of the entire structure, thereby improving the effect of fracture fixation.

[0022] Furthermore, during insertion, the proximal end of the sleeve is positioned at the femoral neck osteotomy plane.

[0023] This approach increases the contact area between the sleeve and the femoral neck, enhancing the sleeve's support effect on the femoral neck; and the proximal end of the sleeve, located at the femoral neck osteotomy plane, also facilitates the removal of the pulverized femoral head.

[0024] Furthermore, the sleeve surface is provided with a structural layer that promotes bone growth onto the sleeve.

[0025] In this solution, a structural layer that promotes bone growth onto the sleeve surface is provided, such as by spraying a hydroxyapatite coating onto the sleeve surface or by 3D printing bone trabeculae, which can promote bone ingrowth into the sleeve surface and ensure the long-term stability of the structure.

[0026] Furthermore, an inner sleeve is detachably provided inside the sleeve, and the femoral neck is located inside the inner sleeve.

[0027] In this design, a double-layered sleeve structure is used. When the inner sleeve is severely worn, the inner sleeve can be replaced separately without replacing the entire inner sleeve, which is convenient (because the sleeve is integrated with bone growth and is inconvenient to replace), and avoids damaging the structure of the sleeve and bone growth. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1A sectional view;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0033] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: sleeve 1, bending part 11, lateral femoral fixation plate 12, inner sleeve 13, femoral neck 2, large diameter segment 21, small diameter segment 22, balloon 23, side hole 25, fixation screw 3, femoral neck limiting nut 4, femur 5, femoral neck osteotomy plane 6.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the biomimetic artificial balloon-type hemi-hip joint includes a sleeve 1, a femoral neck 2, a fixing screw 3, and a femoral neck limiting nut 4. The surface of the sleeve 1 is provided with a structural layer that promotes bone growth onto the sleeve. For example, a hydroxyapatite coating is sprayed onto the surface of the sleeve 1 or trabeculae are 3D printed, which can promote bone ingrowth into the surface of the sleeve 1 to form a whole and ensure the long-term stability of the structure.

[0036] The femoral neck 2 is slidably connected within the sleeve 1, and the femoral neck limiting nut 4 is used to fix and position the femoral neck 2 within the sleeve 1. A balloon 23 is fixed to the end of the femoral neck 2. Specifically, the femoral neck 2 includes a large-diameter section 21 connected to the sleeve 1 and a small-diameter section 22 for mounting the balloon 23. The diameter of the small-diameter section 22 is smaller than the diameter of the large-diameter section 21, thereby forming a position for mounting the balloon 23 on the outer periphery of the small-diameter section 22. In this embodiment, the balloon 23 is a double-layer balloon 23 (a single-layer balloon 23 can also be used). The inner layer of the balloon 23 wraps around and is glued to the surface of the small-diameter section 22, and the outer layers of the balloon 23 at both ends of the small-diameter section 22 are also fixed to the small-diameter section 22. When the balloon 23 is not filled, the overall diameter of the balloon 23 and the small-diameter section 22 is less than or equal to the diameter of the large-diameter section 21. The femoral neck 2 is hollow inside and has a side hole near the top that communicates with the balloon 23. The tail end of the femoral neck 2 has a sealing device, which can be a sealing plug or a valve. The balloon 23 is made of a material with certain strength, wear resistance and compatibility with acetabular bone, such as medical silicone, medical rubber, medical silicone gel or new nanomaterials.

[0037] The end of the sleeve 1 is integrally formed with a lateral femoral fixation plate 12. The lateral femoral fixation plate 12 has a positioning hole for the fixation screw 3 to pass through. The sleeve 1 is inserted into the femur 5 at an angle. When inserted, the proximal end of the sleeve 1 is located at the femoral neck osteotomy plane 6. After the sleeve 1 is inserted into the femur 5, it is fixed to the femur 5 by the fixation screw 3. In this embodiment, the fixation screw 3 is a fully threaded self-tapping screw. The lateral femoral fixation plate 12 has a bending portion 11 in the middle. After the sleeve 1 is inserted, the bending portion 11 corresponds to the bend on the outer side of the upper end of the femur 5. The thickness of the bending portion 11 is less than the thickness of the rest of the lateral femoral fixation plate 12, which makes it easy to bend the lower part of the lateral femoral fixation plate 12 left and right from the bending portion 11 to adjust the angle between the lateral femoral fixation plate 12 and the sliding sleeve 1. This allows the lateral femoral fixation plate 12 to fit better against the bend on the outer side of the upper end of the femur 5, improving the fit between the lateral femoral fixation plate 12 and the femur 5 and increasing the installation stability of the lateral femoral fixation plate 12.

[0038] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the lateral femoral fixation plate 12 is bent beforehand according to the bending angle of the lateral bend at the upper end of the femur 5, and the lateral femoral fixation plate 12 is bent into an arc that fits against the lateral side of the upper end of the femur 5. Then, an external guide (not shown in the figure) is used to insert a guide pin on the proximal end of the femur 5 along path A in the figure. After enlarging the hole, the sleeve 1 is then placed on the guide pin, and the external guide (not shown in the figure) is used to guide the sleeve 1 along the guide pin from the lateral side of the upper end of the femur 5. Figure 3 (Left side) The needle is driven upwards at an angle to the femoral neck osteotomy plane at point 6.

[0040] The guide pin is removed, and the necrotic femoral head is pulverized using tools such as an electric drill and then ejected from the sleeve 1 to remove the necrotic femoral head. Then, using an external guide (not shown in the figure), the femoral neck prosthesis 2 is guided along the sleeve 1 from the lateral aspect of the upper end of the femur 5. Figure 3 The femoral neck 2 is inserted obliquely upwards (from the left side) until it crosses the femoral neck osteotomy plane 6 and is placed in the original position of the femoral head. Then, the femoral neck limiting nut 4 is screwed into the sleeve 1 to tighten the femoral neck 2, completing the insertion of the femoral neck 2. Water / gas / gel is then injected into the balloon 23 through the hollow part inside the femoral neck 2. In this embodiment, gas is used. The balloon 23 inflates to form an artificial femoral head prosthesis.

[0041] This design utilizes a balloon-type femoral head, combined with a sleeve 1. The balloon 23 is inserted into the sleeve 1 in a deflated state. After insertion, it is filled with a medium, causing the balloon 23 to inflate and form the femoral head prosthesis. Compared to existing metal and ceramic hip joints, this design results in less trauma during insertion and a lower risk of infection and dislocation. Furthermore, the elastic modulus of the balloon-type femoral head is comparable to that of the acetabular cartilage, leading to less wear and tear on the acetabulum and bone, and a longer service life.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the sleeve 1 has a double-layer structure, that is, an inner sleeve 13 is provided inside the sleeve 1. The inner sleeve 13 is detachably connected to the sleeve 1 through a slot and a protrusion, and the femoral neck 2 is rotatably connected to the inner sleeve 13.

[0044] The double-layered sleeve structure allows for the replacement of the inner sleeve 13 when it is severely worn, without the need to replace the sleeve 1. This makes the operation convenient (since the sleeve 1 is integrated with bone growth and is not easy to replace), and avoids damaging the structure of the sleeve 1 and bone growth.

[0045] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge regarding specific structures and characteristics is not elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A biomimetic artificial balloon-type hemi-hip joint, characterized by: The device comprises a sleeve, a femoral neck, a fixing screw and a femoral neck limiting nut, the sleeve is fixed on the femur by the fixing screw, the femoral neck is connected in the sleeve in a sliding mode, the outer periphery of the top section of the femoral neck is fixed with a balloon, the femoral neck is hollow inside and the top end is provided with a side hole in communication with the balloon, the femoral neck limiting nut is used for fixing in the sleeve to position the femoral neck; the femoral neck comprises a large diameter section connected with the sleeve and a small diameter section for installing the balloon, the balloon is wrapped on the surface of the small diameter section, when the balloon is not filled with the filler, the diameter of the balloon and the small diameter section as a whole is less than or equal to the diameter of the large diameter section; the balloon is a double-layer balloon, the two poles of the balloon are respectively fixed on the end and tail of the small diameter section, and the inner layer of the remaining part is wrapped and fixed on the surface of the small diameter section; the surface of the sleeve is provided with a structure layer for promoting the growth of bone on the sleeve; the sleeve is detachably provided with an inner sleeve, and the femoral neck is arranged in the inner sleeve.

2. The biomimetic artificial ballon-knee joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: A femoral lateral fixing plate is connected below the sleeve, and the femoral lateral fixing plate is provided with a positioning hole for the fixing screw to pass through; the femoral lateral fixing plate is provided with a bending part, the thickness of the bending part is less than the thickness of the rest part of the femoral lateral fixing plate, and the bending part corresponds to the bending part of the femur.

3. The biomimetic, artificial, balloon- type, semi-hip joint according to claim 2, characterized in that: When placed, the proximal end of the sleeve is located at the osteotomy plane of the femoral neck.

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