An automatic evaluation system and method for physical convex lens imaging experimental operation examination

Abstract

The present invention provides an automatic evaluation system and method for a physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test, belonging to the technical field of automatic evaluation of physical and chemical experiment operation tests; and solves the problem that the physical convex lens imaging experiment operation is difficult to automatically evaluate at different object distances; the system comprises a terminal system and a server system, the terminal system comprising an imaging light screen composed of a nonlinear optical sensor array, the imaging light screen comprising an optical sensor array acquisition module, a signal processing module and a wireless transmission module; the server system comprises a wireless receiving module, an imaging feature module and an automatic evaluation module; the server system receives imaging image data, analyzes the acquired imaging image data through the imaging feature module, determines in which area of ​​the imaging light screen the imaging image data is located, compares the data with standard correct operation data and typical incorrect operation data, and evaluates the student's experimental operation through the confidence level in the automatic evaluation module; the present invention is applied to the physical convex lens experiment operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention provides an automatic evaluation system and method for a physical convex lens imaging experimental operation test, belonging to the technical field of automatic evaluation of experimental operations. Background Art

[0002] Physics and chemistry lab tests measure students' practical skills and theoretical knowledge, and are widely used in junior high school exams. The convex lens imaging experiment, as part of the middle school physics lab assessment, helps deepen students' understanding of optical phenomena. The student lab skills test requires quantitative measurement and evaluation of student experimental behavior. This quantitative measurement and evaluation is premised on accurately determining whether students' experimental operations are correct.

[0003] Traditional manual evaluation methods for physics, chemistry, and biology lab assessments consume significant manpower and resources, are subject to unavoidable human error, and can lead to significant skewed scoring and controversy. Researching automated evaluation models will facilitate standardized, scientific, and systematic testing. The key to automated evaluation models is objectivity and accuracy. This approach presupposes the ability to accurately identify correct and incorrect experimental procedures. In physics experiments involving convex lens imaging, a crucial step in demonstrating student skill is adjusting the object distance and observing the imaging patterns of the lens. With the successful application of convolutional neural networks in tasks such as image classification and recognition, deep learning has gained significant application in identifying experimental equipment and phenomena. However, identifying convex lens imaging in physics requires the ability to accurately identify imaging phenomena at different object distances. However, imaging phenomena at different object distances are significantly affected by light, and the image differences are minimal at smaller object distances, making it difficult to accurately identify these imaging phenomena using deep learning methods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem that the operation of a physical convex lens imaging experiment is difficult to be automatically judged at different object distances, the present invention proposes an automatic judging system and method for the physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an automatic evaluation system for a physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test, comprising a terminal system and a server system, wherein the terminal system comprises an imaging light screen composed of a nonlinear optical sensor array, the imaging light screen comprises an optical sensor array acquisition module, a signal processing module and a wireless transmission module, and the server system comprises a wireless receiving module, an imaging feature module and an automatic evaluation module, wherein the optical sensor array acquisition module is used to collect imaging image data in a convex lens imaging experiment under different background environments and different object distances, and sends the collected imaging image data to the signal processing module for signal processing, and then sends the collected imaging image data to the server system via the wireless transmission module;

[0006] The imaging light screen is divided into an imaging core area, an imaging adjacent area and an imaging edge area. The imaging core area is the main area of ​​convex lens imaging under correct experimental operation. The imaging adjacent area is the part close to the imaging core area. The imaging edge area is the area with less convex lens imaging under correct experimental operation.

[0007] The server system receives imaging image data through a wireless receiving module, analyzes the collected imaging image data through an imaging feature module, determines which area of ​​the imaging light screen the imaging image data is located in, and compares it with standard correct operation data and typical incorrect operation data. Finally, the confidence level in the automatic evaluation module is used to judge the student's experimental operation.

[0008] The sensor nodes in each area of ​​the imaging light screen are arranged in a non-uniform manner, wherein the optical sensor nodes are densely arranged in the imaging core area, sparsely arranged in the imaging edge area, and relatively sparsely arranged in the imaging adjacent area.

[0009] The signal processing module includes an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a single-chip microcomputer control module and a power supply module. Part of the power supply module supplies power to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and the other part supplies power to the single-chip microcomputer control module. The entire system is powered by a lithium battery.

[0010] The imaging feature module has built-in imaging feature data of correct operation and typical incorrect operation of convex lens imaging experiments under different background environments and different object distances.

[0011] An automatic evaluation method for a physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test, using an automatic evaluation system for the physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test, includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Build a convex lens imaging data acquisition device. The convex lens imaging experimental equipment includes an optical bench, a candle, a convex lens, and an imaging light screen composed of a non-uniform optical sensor array. The data from the optical sensor array is output to the signal processing module and then transmitted through the wireless transmission module after processing.

[0013] Step 2: Complete the collection, processing, and wireless transmission of convex lens imaging experimental data in accordance with correct operation steps and typical incorrect operation steps under different background environments and different object distances;

[0014] Step 3: The wireless receiving module of the server system receives the imaging data of the correct experimental operation and the typical incorrect experimental operation of the convex lens imaging, and the imaging feature module extracts features from the imaging data of the correct experimental operation and the typical incorrect experimental operation;

[0015] Step 4: Use the built convex lens imaging terminal system and server system to collect, transmit and extract features of student experimental operation data. Feature extraction includes extracting the distribution characteristics of the background area and the imaging area, the residual root mean square of the imaging area, and the high-frequency component characteristics of the imaging edge area;

[0016] Step 5: Match the student's operation characteristics with the correct operations and typical incorrect operations under different background environments and different object distances, and judge whether the student's operation is correct and the typical incorrect operation type under incorrect operation conditions based on the matching results.

[0017] In step 1, the light screen of the nonlinear optical sensor array is divided into an imaging core region, an imaging adjacent region, and an imaging edge region. The imaging core region is the main area of ​​convex lens imaging under correct experimental operation, the imaging adjacent region is the portion close to the imaging core region, and the imaging edge region is the area where convex lens imaging is less common under correct experimental operation. The sensor nodes in each region are arranged in a non-uniform manner, that is, the density of optical sensor nodes in each region is different. The imaging core region has a dense arrangement of optical sensor nodes, the imaging edge region has a sparse arrangement of optical sensor nodes, and the imaging adjacent region has a relatively sparse arrangement of optical sensor nodes.

[0018] The steps for obtaining imaging features according to the correct operation steps under different background environments and different object distances in step 2 are as follows:

[0019] Step 2.1: In daytime mode, adjust the heights of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen so that their centers are at the same height. With the candle unlit, use the established terminal system to complete the collection, processing, and wireless transmission of the convex lens imaging data under background light. After receiving the voltage values ​​from the optical sensor array, the server system's wireless receiving module stores and pre-processes the data according to the core area cent, adjacent area close, and edge area edge types. Use a bilinear interpolation algorithm to interpolate each adjacent area and edge area into data of the same size as the core area data. The core area data, the interpolated adjacent area data, and the interpolated edge area data are combined according to their spatial positions to form the NxN two-dimensional matrix background light data day_BGV[x][y].

[0020] Step 2.2: In daytime mode, light a candle, adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen so that the centers of the three are at the same height, adjust the object distance u, move the light screen at different object distances u until a clear image is seen, and use the established terminal system to complete the acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission of the convex lens imaging data at different object distances u. After receiving the voltage value of the optical sensor array, the wireless receiving module of the server system stores and pre-processes it according to the core area data cent, adjacent area close, and edge area edge types respectively; interpolate each adjacent area and edge area into data of the same size as the core area data through the bilinear interpolation algorithm; construct an NxN two-dimensional matrix of the core area data, the interpolated adjacent area data, and the interpolated edge area data according to the spatial position to correctly operate the data day_V c [x][y], c represents different object distances;

[0021] Step 2.3: In daytime mode, light a candle, adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen, and adjust the object distance u = 2f so that the centers of the three are at the same height; adjust the height of the convex lens to obtain the portion of the candle image below the polarizing screen and the portion of the candle image above the polarizing screen on the light screen; follow the method in step 2.2 to obtain the imaging data day_BV when the candle image on the light screen is below the polarizing screen at different object distances u. c [x][y] and the imaging data of the candle on the polarizing screen day_TV c [x][y], c represents different object distances;

[0022] Step 2.4: In daytime mode, light a candle, adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen, and adjust the object distance u = 2f so that the centers of the three are at the same height; adjust the convex lens and tilt it. Follow the method in step 2.2 to obtain the imaging data day_TIV when the convex lens is tilted at different object distances u. c [x][y], c represents different object distances;

[0023] Step 2.5: In the night lighting mode, follow the method from step 2.1 to step 2.4 to obtain the background light data night_BGV[x][y], and the correct experimental operation data night_V at different object distances u. c [x][y], imaging data night_BV when the candle on the screen is imaged under the polarizing screen c [x][y], imaging data of the candle on the screen when the polarizing screen is on the screen night_TV c [x][y] and imaging data night_TIV when the convex lens is tilted c [x][y].

[0024] The steps of extracting the imaging area and background area features by the imaging feature module in step 3 are as follows:

[0025] Step 3.1: In day mode, the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height, and the object distance u = 1.1f. Use day_BGV[x][y] and day_V c [x][y] data constructs imaging features, which include the binary distribution of the imaging area and the background area day_B0[x][y], the residual root mean square DRVrms0 of the imaging area, and the high-frequency component DRVhf0 of the imaging edge area; calculates the mean DV of day_BGV[x][y] under background light ave , the maximum value of the absolute value of the residual DRV max ,in,

[0026]

[0027] DRV max =max(abs(day_BGV[x][y]-DV ave ));

[0028] Calculate day_V when object distance u=1.1f c [x][y] remove the residual data of background light day_RV0[x][y]=day_V c [x][y]-DV ave ;

[0029] The light screen area is divided into NxN rectangular blocks as basic blocks. The position of each basic block is consistent with the position of the storage data space, which is defined as day_B0[x][y]. The voltage value of the imaging area and the background area is quite different. When day_RV0[x][y]>DRV is satisfied maxIf , the basic block is judged as the imaging area, otherwise it is the background area. After judging whether all basic blocks are imaging areas, they are binarized and the imaging area day_B0[x][y] is assigned 1, and the background area day_B0[x][y] is assigned 0;

[0030] The morphological opening operation is used to process the noise, and the closing operation is used to reconstruct the information of the edge part of the image lost due to the opening operation. The distribution of day_B0[x][y] of the binary image area and background area is obtained when u=1.1f;

[0031] Calculate the residual root mean square of the imaging area. When the value of day_B0[x][y] is 1, day_RV0[x][y] is assigned the value of day_RV0[k]. The k value is incremented by 1. After accumulation, the total number of day_B0[x][y] values ​​that are 1 is K0.

[0032] Calculate the mean residual of the imaging area:

[0033]

[0034] Calculate the root mean square residual of the imaging area:

[0035]

[0036] If the value of day_B0[x][y] is 1 and the value of day_B0[x-1][y] is 0, which is the upper edge of the imaging area, day_RV0[x][y] is assigned V0[t], and the value of t is incremented by 1. After accumulation, the total number of ts that satisfy the condition is T0. If the value of day_B0[x][y] is 1 and the value of day_B0[x+1][y] is 0, which is the lower edge of the imaging area, day_RV0[x][y] is assigned V0[b], and the value of b is incremented by 1. After accumulation, the total number of bs that satisfy the condition is B0. If the value of day_B0[x][y] is 1 and the value of day_B0[x][y-1] is 0, which is the left edge of the imaging area, day_RV0[x][y] is assigned V0[l], and the l value is incremented by 1. After accumulation, the total number of l that satisfies the condition l is L0. If the value of day_B0[x][y] is 1 and the value of day_B0[x][y+1] is 0, which is the right edge of the imaging area, day_RV0[x][y] is assigned V0[r], and the r value is incremented by 1. After accumulation, the total number of l that satisfies the condition l is R0.

[0037] Calculate the high-frequency component of the edge area of ​​the imaging:

[0038]

[0039] Step 3.2: In day mode, the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height. Use day_BGV[x][y] and day_Vc [x][y] data, according to the method in step 3.1, under different object distances u, construct the correct operation imaging features under different object distances. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area day_B c [x][y] Binarized distribution, imaging area residual root mean square DRVrms c , high-frequency component DRVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c , c represents different object distance conditions;

[0040] Step 3.3: In day mode, the candle on the screen is imaged under the polarizing screen, using day_BGV[x][y] and day_BV c [x][y] data, according to the method in step 3.1, under different object distances u, construct the imaging features of typical error operations under different object distances. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not at the same height. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area day_BB c [x][y] Binarized distribution, imaging area residual root mean square DRBVrms c , high-frequency component DRBVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c , c represents different object distance conditions;

[0041] Step 3.4: In day mode, the candle on the screen is imaged on the upper part of the polarized screen, using day_BGV[x][y] and day_TV c [x][y] data, according to the method in step 3.1, under different object distances u, construct the imaging features of typical error operations under different object distances. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not at the same height. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area day_TB c [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square DRTVrms of imaging area c , high-frequency component DRTVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c , c represents different object distance conditions;

[0042] Step 3.5: Build the imaging feature module on the server. In daytime mode, the convex lens is tilted and day_BGV[x][y] and day_TIV are used. c [x][y] data, according to the method in step 3.1, under different object distances u, construct the typical incorrect operation of the convex lens tilt imaging characteristics under different object distances. The imaging characteristics include the imaging area and the background area day_TIB c [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square DRTIVrms of imaging area c , high-frequency component of the imaging edge area DRTIVhf c , c represents different object distance conditions;

[0043] Step 3.6: In night lighting mode, use the background light data night_BGV[x][y] obtained in step 2.5 to correctly operate the data night_V at different object distances u c [x][y], imaging data night_BV when the candle on the screen is imaged under the polarizing screen c [x][y], imaging data of the candle on the screen when the polarizing screen is on the screen night_TV c [x][y] and imaging data night_TIV when the convex lens is tilted c [x][y], according to the method of steps 3.1 to 3.5, under night lighting mode, construct the correct operation imaging features under different object distances u. The imaging features include the binary distribution of the imaging area and the background area night_Bc[x][y], the residual root mean square NRVrms of the imaging area c , high-frequency component NRVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c ;

[0044] Typical error operation: the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not at the same height. Imaging features include the imaging area and the background area night_BB c [x][y] and night_TB c [x][y] Binarized distribution, imaging area residual root mean square NRBVrms c and NRTVrms C , high-frequency component NRBVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c and NRTVhf c Typical error operation of convex lens tilt imaging features, its imaging features include imaging area and background area night_TIB c [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square NRTIVrms of imaging area c , high-frequency component NRTIVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c , c represents different object distances.

[0045] The steps for obtaining the student experimental operation characteristic data in step 4 are as follows:

[0046] Step 4.1: Use the built convex lens imaging terminal system to complete the collection, processing, and wireless transmission of background light convex lens imaging data under the student experimental operation environment, and obtain the two-dimensional matrix stu_BGV[x1][y1] value under background light; Use the built convex lens imaging terminal system to complete the collection, processing, and wireless transmission of student experimental convex lens imaging data, collecting data at a frequency of once every 0.5 seconds, and obtain the two-dimensional matrix stu_V[x1][y1] value of student experimental operation data;

[0047] Step 4.2: Calculate the mean SV of stu_BGV[x1][y1] under the background light of the student's experimental operation environment ave The maximum value of the absolute value of the residual SRV max ,

[0048]

[0049] SRV max =max(abs(stu_BGV[x1][y1]-SV ave )), x1=1,2,…N, y1=1,2,…N;

[0050] Calculate the residual data of student experimental operation data stu_V[x1][y1] after removing the background light stu_RV[x1][y1]=stu_V[x1][y1]-SV ave ; Divide the light screen area into NxN rectangular blocks as basic blocks. The position of each basic block is consistent with the position of the storage data space, defined as stu_B[x1][y1]. When stu_RV[x1][y1]>SRV max When , the basic block is judged as the imaging area, otherwise it is the background area;

[0051] After determining whether all basic blocks are imaging areas, perform binarization processing. The imaging area stu_B[x1][y1] is assigned a value of 1, and the background area stu_B[x1][y1] is assigned a value of 0.

[0052] The morphological opening operation is used to process the noise, and the closing operation is used to reconstruct the information of the edge part of the imaging lost due to the opening operation, so as to obtain the imaging area and background area of ​​the student experiment operation;

[0053] If stu_B[x1][y1] is not all 0, calculate the residual root mean square of the imaging area. When the value of stu_B[x1][y1] is 1, stu_RV[x1][y1] is assigned to stu_RV[k1]. The k1 value is increased by 1 one by one. After accumulation, the total number of stu_B[x1][y1] values ​​1 is K. s , calculate the Student's mean residual for the imaging area:

[0054]

[0055] Calculate the Student's root mean square residual for the imaging area:

[0056]

[0057] If stu_B[x1][y1] is 1 and stu_B[x1-1][y1] is 0, it is the upper edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x1][y1] is assigned a value of V s [t1], t1 value is increased by 1 one by one, and after accumulation, the total number of t1 that meets the condition T s ; If stu_B[x1][y1] is 1 and stu_B[x1+1][y1] is 0, it is the lower edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x1][y1] is assigned a value of V s [b1], b1 value increases by 1 one by one, and after accumulation, the total number of b1 that meets the condition B s ; If stu_B[x1][y1] is 1 and stu_B[x1][y1-1] is 0, it is the left edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x1][y1] is assigned a value of V s [l1], l1 value is increased by 1 one by one, and after accumulation, the total number of l1 that meets the condition is L s ; If stu_B[x1][y1] is 1 and stu_B[x1][y1+1] is 0, it is the right edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x1][y1] is assigned a value of V s [r1], r1 value increases by 1 one by one, and after accumulation, the total number of r1 that meets the condition R s ;

[0058] Calculate the high-frequency components of the edge area of ​​the imaging

[0059]

[0060] Step 4.3: Calculate the degree of matching DP between the student's experimental operation and the daytime mode, when the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height and at different object distances u. c , matching degree DP c According to the imaging area matching degree DPB c , imaging area residual matching degree DPrms c and the matching degree of high-frequency components in the edge area of ​​the imaging DPhf0, DP c =0.6×DPB c +0.3×D Pr ms c +0.1×DPhf0;

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Where abs means absolute value operation, max means maximum value operation;

[0064] Step 4.4: Follow the method in step 4.3 and use the typical error in step 3.3 to image the characteristic data day_BB, where the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not at the same height. c [x][y], imaging area residual root mean square DRBVrms c and the high-frequency component DRBVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c Calculate the DBP of the image matching degree of the candle on the screen under the polarizing screen in the daytime mode under different object distances. c , DBP c With DP c The solution method is the same;

[0065] Using the typical error operation in step 3.4, the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not at the same height to image the characteristic data day_TB c [x][y], imaging area residual root mean square DRTVrms c and the high-frequency component DRTVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c Calculate the DTP matching degree of the candle image on the polarizing screen under different object distances in the student experiment operation in daytime mode. c , DTP c With DP c The solution method is the same;

[0066] Step 4.5: Follow the method in step 4.3 and use the typical error in step 3.5 to operate the convex lens tilt imaging feature data day_TIB c [x][y], imaging area residual root mean square DRTIVrms c and the high-frequency component DRTIVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c Calculate the degree of imaging feature matching (DTIP) under different object distances in the student experiment under daytime mode with the convex lens tilted c ,DTIP c With DP c The solution method is the same;

[0067] Step 4.6: Follow the order of steps 4.3 to 4.5, and use step 3.6 to correctly operate the imaging feature data night_Vc[x][y] and the imaging area residual root mean square NRVrms c and the high-frequency component NRVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c Calculate the degree of matching NP of imaging features under different object distances when the candle flame, convex lens and light screen are at the same height in the student experiment under night lighting mode. c , NP c With DP c The solution method is the same;

[0068] Using the typical error operation in step 3.6, the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not at the same height to image the characteristic data night_BB c [x][y] and night_TB c [x][y], imaging area residual root mean square NRBVrms C and NRTVrms C and the high-frequency component NRBVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c and NRTVhf c , respectively calculate the student experiment operation in the night lighting mode, the candle imaging on the light screen under the polarizing screen part and the candle imaging on the light screen under the polarizing screen part, the imaging feature matching degree NBP under different object distances c and NTP c , NBP c and NTP c With DP c The solution method is the same;

[0069] Use the typical error in step 3.6 to operate the convex lens tilt imaging feature data night_TIB c [x][y], imaging area residual root mean square NRTIVrms c and the high-frequency component NRTIVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c , calculate the matching degree of imaging features between students' experimental operation and night lighting mode, convex lens tilt, and different object distances NTIP c , NTIP c With DP c The solution method is the same, c represents different object distance conditions;

[0070] Step 4.7: Find the student's experimental operation matching confidence MP and compare DP c 、DBP c , DTP c DTIP c NP c 、NBP c 、NTP c NTIP c The value size is MP.

[0071] The specific process of judging students' experimental operations in step 5 is as follows:

[0072] When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP to DP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the students’ experimental operation is accurate and the working environment is daytime mode;

[0073] When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP to NP c, and MP>0.5 indicates that the students' experimental operation is accurate and the working environment is night lighting mode;

[0074] When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP to DBP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the lower part of the polarizing screen. The working environment of the light screen is daytime mode.

[0075] When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP to NBP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the lower part of the polarizing screen. The light screen working environment is night lighting mode.

[0076] When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP is DTIP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the upper part of the polarizing screen. The working environment of the light screen is daytime mode.

[0077] When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP to NTP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the upper part of the polarizing screen. The light screen working environment is night lighting mode.

[0078] When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP is DTIP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect, the convex lens is tilted, and a clear image cannot be obtained. The working environment of the light screen is daytime mode;

[0079] When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP to NTIP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect, the convex lens is tilted, and a clear image cannot be obtained. The working environment of the light screen is night lighting mode.

[0080] The beneficial effects of the present invention over the prior art are as follows: the present invention collects imaging data features under different background environments and different object distances through an optical sensor array, and at the same time adopts a non-uniform arrangement of sensor nodes in each area, that is, the optical sensor nodes in each area are arranged in a different density, the imaging core area adopts a dense arrangement of optical sensor nodes, the imaging edge area adopts a sparse arrangement of optical sensor nodes, and the imaging adjacent area adopts a relatively sparse arrangement of optical sensor nodes, which makes it easier to obtain detailed features of the imaging area and reduces the influence of light under different background environments. By extracting the main features such as the data distribution characteristics of the imaging area and the background area under different background environments and different object distances, the residual root mean square of the imaging area and the high-frequency component of the imaging edge area, different environments and different object distances can be well distinguished. After the student operation is feature extracted, it is matched with the correct operation and typical incorrect operation of the standard data, which can well judge whether the student operation is correct and the typical incorrect operation type under incorrect operation, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of automatic judgment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0081] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0082] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 2 Flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the imaging area division of the imaging light screen of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the automated evaluation system for the physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test proposed in this invention comprises two parts: a terminal system and a server system. The terminal system primarily performs the acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission of convex lens imaging data, while the server system performs the wireless reception of convex lens imaging data and the establishment and operation of the automated evaluation model. The terminal system comprises an optical sensor array acquisition module, a signal processing module, and a wireless transmission module, while the server system comprises a wireless reception module, an imaging recognition module, and an automated evaluation module.

[0086] The following is an example of the experimental operation to explore the law of image formation by convex lenses in the junior high school physics experimental operation test.

[0087] Assuming the focal length of the convex lens is f, the experimental steps for exploring the law of convex lens imaging are as follows: (1) Light a candle and adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen so that the centers of the three are at the same height; (2) Adjust the object distance u so that u>2f, move the light screen until a clear image is seen, and record the object distance, image distance, and image properties; (3) Adjust the object distance again so that u>2f, move the light screen until a clear image is seen, and record the object distance, image distance, and image properties; (4) Adjust the object distance so that f<u<2f, move the light screen until a clear image is seen, and record the object distance, image distance, and image properties; (5) Adjust the object distance again so that f<u<2f, move the light screen until a clear image is seen, and record the object distance, image distance, and image properties. The main experimental steps are to adjust different object distances, move the light screen to observe a clear image, and explore the law of convex lens imaging under different object distances.

[0088] The steps of the automatic evaluation method for the physical convex lens imaging experimental operation test proposed by the present invention are as follows:

[0089] The first step is to build a convex lens imaging data acquisition device. The convex lens imaging experimental equipment includes an optical bench, a candle, a convex lens, and a conventional light screen. The conventional light screen is modified into an imaging light screen composed of a nonlinear optical sensor array. The imaging light screen includes an optical sensor array acquisition module, a signal processing module, and a wireless transmission module. The optical sensor array acquisition module is responsible for collecting imaging data, which is then output to the signal processing module for processing and transmitted via the wireless transmission module.

[0090] Step 2: Build the optical sensor array acquisition module. The imaging light screen is divided into the imaging core area, the imaging adjacent area and the imaging edge area. The imaging core area is the main area of ​​convex lens imaging under correct experimental operation, the imaging adjacent area is the part close to the imaging core area, and the imaging edge area is the area with less convex lens imaging under correct experimental operation. The sensor nodes in each area are arranged in a non-uniform manner, that is, the density of optical sensor nodes in each area is different. The imaging core area adopts a dense arrangement of optical sensor nodes, the imaging edge area adopts a sparse arrangement of optical sensor nodes, and the imaging adjacent area adopts a relatively sparse arrangement of optical sensor nodes. For example, the imaging light screen is divided into 3x3 rectangular frames of equal area, the middle part is the imaging core area, and the optical sensor nodes are arranged in a 16x16 manner. The upper, lower, left and right parts of the core area are the imaging adjacent areas, and the optical sensor nodes are arranged in an 8x8 manner. The optical sensor nodes are arranged in a 4x4 manner at the edge. Figure 3 The sensor node uses the LXD / GB3-A1DPS photodiode, which has a spectral response range of 390-1100nm, covering the main wavelength of candlelight and ambient light wavelength.

[0091] Step 3: Build the signal processing module. The signal processing module includes an analog-to-digital conversion circuit and a single-chip microcontroller control module. The analog-to-digital conversion circuit uses the AD620 dual-input, single-output differential amplifier circuit. The light screen terminal system requires minimal power consumption, so the controller uses the MSP430 series chip, offering a minimum power consumption of only 0.1μA. The power supply system is primarily divided into two parts: one for the analog-to-digital conversion circuit and the other for the MSP430 controller. The entire system is powered by a 3.6V lithium battery.

[0092] Step 4: Build the terminal system wireless transmission module and the server system wireless reception module. Both the terminal system wireless transmission module and the server system wireless reception module use the HPD8101 wireless transceiver module. This module uses GFSK anti-interference modulation, is based on the Si4432 transmission protocol, has 1W transmission power and good reception sensitivity.

[0093] Step 5: In daylight mode, adjust the heights of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen so that their centers are at the same height, and the candle is unlit. The constructed terminal system collects, processes, and wirelessly transmits the convex lens imaging data under background light. The server system's wireless receiving module receives the voltage values ​​from the optical sensor array and stores and pre-processes them according to the core area data type (cent), adjacent area data (close), and edge area data type (edge). Because the sensor nodes in each area are arranged unevenly, the core area data is a 16x16 two-dimensional matrix, the adjacent area data is an 8x8 two-dimensional matrix, and the edge area data is a 4x4 two-dimensional matrix. To facilitate subsequent algorithm processing, the 8x8 two-dimensional matrix for each adjacent area is interpolated to a 16x16 two-dimensional matrix using bilinear interpolation, and the 4x4 two-dimensional matrix for each edge area is interpolated to a 16x16 two-dimensional matrix using bilinear interpolation. The core area data, the interpolated adjacent area data, and the interpolated edge area data are combined according to their spatial locations to form a 48x48 two-dimensional matrix, day_background_V[x][y].

[0094] Step 6: In daytime mode, light a candle and adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen so that the centers of the three are at the same height.

[0095] Step 7: Adjust the object distance u = 1.0f, and adjust the object distance u by increasing the fixed step size of 0.1f each time, so that u = 1.1f, u = 1.2f, u = 1.3f, u = 1.4f, u = 1.5f, u = 1.6f, u = 1.7f, u = 1.8f, u = 1.9f, u = 2.0f respectively. Move the light screen at different object distances u in front until a clear image is seen, and use the built terminal system to complete the collection, processing and wireless transmission of the convex lens imaging data at different object distances u in front.

[0096] Step 8: After the wireless receiving module of the server system receives the voltage value of the optical sensor array, it is stored and pre-processed according to the core area data cent, adjacent area close and edge area edge types. Because the sensor nodes in each area are arranged in a non-uniform manner, the core area data obtained is a 16x16 two-dimensional matrix, each adjacent area data is an 8x8 two-dimensional matrix, and each edge area data is a 4x4 two-dimensional matrix. For the convenience of subsequent algorithm processing, each adjacent area 8x8 two-dimensional matrix is ​​interpolated into a 16x16 two-dimensional matrix through a bilinear interpolation algorithm, and each edge area 4x4 two-dimensional matrix is ​​interpolated into a 16x16 two-dimensional matrix through a bilinear interpolation algorithm. The core area data, the interpolated adjacent area data and the interpolated edge area data are constructed into a 48x48 two-dimensional matrix day_normal_AV according to their spatial positions. i [x][y], i represents different object distances, i = (u-1.1f) / 0.1f, u is the current object distance value.

[0097] Step 9: Adjust the object distance u = 2f, and adjust the object distance u by increasing the fixed step size of 0.2f each time, so that u = 2.2f, u = 2.4f, u = 2.6f, u = 2.8f, and u = 3f respectively. Move the light screen at different object distances u in front until a clear image is seen. Use the built terminal system to complete the collection, processing and wireless transmission of the convex lens imaging data at different object distances u in front.

[0098] Step 10: The wireless receiving module of the server system receives the voltage value data of the optical sensor array and stores and pre-processes it according to step 7 to obtain a 48x48 two-dimensional matrix day_normal_RV j [x][y], j represents different object distances, j = (u-2.2f) / 0.2f, and u is the current object distance value.

[0099] Step 11: Adjust the object distance u = 3f, and adjust the object distance u by increasing the fixed step size of 0.4f each time, so that u = 3.4f, u = 3.8f, u = 4.2f, u = 4.6f, u = 5f respectively. Move the light screen at different object distances u in front until a clear image is seen. Use the constructed convex lens imaging terminal system to complete the collection, processing and wireless transmission of the convex lens imaging data at different object distances u in front.

[0100] Step 12: The wireless receiving module of the server system receives the voltage value data of the optical sensor array and stores and pre-processes it according to step 7 to obtain a 48x48 two-dimensional matrix day_normal_RV j [x][y], j represents different object distances, j = (u-3.4f) / 0.2f+4, and u is the current object distance value.

[0101] Step 13: In daytime mode, light a candle and adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen, and adjust the object distance u = 2f so that the centers of the three are at the same height. Adjust the height of the convex lens to obtain the portion of the candle image on the light screen below the polarizing screen. Follow steps 7 to 12 in order to complete the acquisition, processing, wireless transmission, and voltage value data preprocessing of the convex lens imaging data at different object distances u, and obtain the data day_bottom_AV at different object distances u. i [x][y] and day_bottom_RV j [x][y].

[0102] Step 14: In daytime mode, light a candle and adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen, and adjust the object distance u = 2f so that the centers of the three are at the same height. Adjust the height of the convex lens to obtain the portion of the candle image on the light screen that is polarized. Follow steps 7 to 12 in order to complete the acquisition, processing, wireless transmission, and voltage value data preprocessing of the sensor array at different object distances u, and obtain the data day_top_AV at different object distances u. i [x][y] and day_top_RV j [x][y].

[0103] Step 15: In daytime mode, light a candle and adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen, and adjust the object distance u = 2f so that the centers of the three are at the same height. Adjust the convex lens and tilt it. Follow steps 7 to 12 to complete the acquisition, processing, wireless transmission, and voltage value data preprocessing of the convex lens imaging data at different object distances u, and obtain the data day_tilt_AV at different object distances u. i [x][y] and day_tilt_RV j [x][y].

[0104] Step 16: In night lighting mode, adjust the heights of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen so that their centers are at the same height, and the candle is unlit. Use the established terminal system to complete the collection, processing, and wireless transmission of the convex lens imaging data under background light. The server system's wireless receiving module receives the voltage values ​​from the optical sensor array and stores and pre-processes them according to the core area data type (cent), adjacent area data type (close), and edge area data type (edge). Because the sensor nodes in each area are arranged unevenly, the core area data is a 16x16 two-dimensional matrix, the adjacent area data is an 8x8 two-dimensional matrix, and the edge area data is a 4x4 two-dimensional matrix. To facilitate subsequent algorithm processing, the 8x8 two-dimensional matrix for each adjacent area is interpolated to a 16x16 two-dimensional matrix using bilinear interpolation, and the 4x4 two-dimensional matrix for each edge area is interpolated to a 16x16 two-dimensional matrix using bilinear interpolation. The core area data, the interpolated adjacent area data, and the interpolated edge area data are combined according to their spatial locations to form a 48x48 two-dimensional matrix, night_background_V[x][y].

[0105] Step 17: In the night lighting mode, light a candle, adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen, and adjust the object distance u = 2f so that the centers of the three are at the same height. Follow the order of steps 7 to 12 to complete the acquisition, processing, wireless transmission, and voltage value data preprocessing of the convex lens imaging data at different object distances u, and obtain the data night_normal_AV at different object distances u. i [x][y] and night_normal_RV j [x][y].

[0106] Step 18: In night lighting mode, light a candle and adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen, and adjust the object distance u = 2f so that the centers of the three are at the same height. Adjust the height of the convex lens to obtain the candle image on the light screen below the polarizing screen. Follow steps 7 to 12 in order to complete the acquisition, processing, wireless transmission, and voltage value data preprocessing of the convex lens imaging data at different object distances u, and obtain the data night_bottom_AV at different object distances u. i [x][y] and night_bottom_RV j [x][y].

[0107] Step 19: In the night lighting mode, light a candle, adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen, and adjust the object distance u = 2f so that the centers of the three are at the same height. Adjust the height of the convex lens to obtain the portion of the candle image on the light screen that is polarized on the screen. Follow the sequence of steps 7 to 12 to complete the acquisition, processing, wireless transmission, and voltage value data preprocessing of the sensor array under different object distances u, and obtain the data night_top_AVi[x][y] and night_top_RV under different object distances u. j [x][y].

[0108] Step 20: In night lighting mode, light a candle and adjust the height of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen. Adjust the object distance u = 2f so that the centers of the three are at the same height. Adjust the convex lens and tilt it. Follow steps 7 to 12 to complete the acquisition, processing, wireless transmission, and voltage value data preprocessing of the convex lens imaging data at different object distances u, and obtain the data night_tile_AV at different object distances u. i [x][y] and night_tile_RV j [x][y].

[0109] Step 21: Build the imaging feature module on the server. In daytime mode, the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height, and the object distance u = 1.1f, construct the imaging feature. The imaging feature includes the binary distribution of the imaging area and the background area day_normal_B0[x][y], the residual mean square root of the imaging area DRAV 0rms , high-frequency component DRAV in the edge area of ​​imaging 0hf Calculate the mean value V of day_background_V[x][y] under background light ave , RMS V rms and the maximum absolute value of the residual,

[0110] DRV max =

[0111] max(abs(day_background_V[x][y]-DV ave )), x=1,2,…M,y=1,2,…N,M and N take values ​​of M=48,N=48. Calculate the residual data of day_normal_AV0[x][y] after removing the background light when the object distance u=1.1f: day_normal_RAV0[x][y]=day_normal_AV0[x][y]-DV aveThe light screen area is divided into 48x48 rectangular blocks. The position of each block is consistent with the position of the storage data space, which is defined as day_normal_B0[x][y]. The voltage value of the imaging area and the background area is quite different. When day_normal_RAV0[x][y]>DRV is satisfied max When , the block is judged as the imaging area, otherwise it is the background area. After judging whether all basic blocks are imaging areas, they are binarized. The imaging area day_normal_B0[x][y] is assigned a value of 1, and the background area day_normal_B0[x][y] is assigned a value of 0. The morphological opening operation is used to process the noise, and the closing operation is used to reconstruct the information of the imaging edge part lost due to the opening operation. The distribution of the binarized day_normal_B0[x][y] of the imaging area and the background area under the condition of u=1.1f is obtained. The root mean square residual of the imaging area is calculated. When the value of day_normal_B0[x][y] is 1, day_normal_RAV0[x][y] is assigned to day_normal_RAV0[k]. The k value is increased by 1 one by one. After accumulation, the total number of day_normal_B0[x][y] values ​​1 is K0. Calculate the mean residual of the imaging area Calculate the residual root mean square of the imaging area If the value of day_normal_B0[x][y] is 1 and the value of day_normal_B0[x-1][y] is 0, which is the upper edge of the imaging area, day_normal_RAV0[x][y] is assigned V0[t], and the value of t is incremented by 1. After accumulation, the total number of ts that satisfy the condition is T0. If the value of day_normal_B0[x][y] is 1 and the value of day_normal_B0[x+1][y] is 0, which is the lower edge of the imaging area, day_normal_RAV0[x][y] is assigned V0[b], and the value of b is incremented by 1. After accumulation, the total number of bs that satisfy the condition is B0. If da The value of y_normal_B0[x][y] is 1, the value of day_normal_B0[x][y-1] is 0, which is the left edge of the imaging area, and the value of day_normal_RAV0[x][y] is assigned to V0[l]. The l value is incremented by 1, and the total number L0 is satisfied after accumulation. If the value of day_normal_B0[x][y] is 1 and the value of day_normal_B0[x][y+1] is 0, which is the right edge of the imaging area, the value of day_normal_RAV0[x][y] is assigned to V0[r]. The r value is incremented by 1, and the total number R0 is satisfied after accumulation. Calculate the high-frequency component of the imaging edge area

[0112]

[0113] Step 22: In daytime mode, the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height, and u = 1.2f, u = 1.3f, u = 1.4f, u = 1.5f, u = 1.6f, u = 1.7f, u = 1.8f, u = 1.9f, and u = 2.0f are used to construct imaging features. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area day_normal_B i [x][y] Binarized distribution, imaging area residual root mean square DRAV irms , high-frequency component DRAV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf According to the method in step 21, calculate the imaging area and background area day_normal_B under the conditions of u=1.2f, u=1.3f, u=1.4f, u=1.5f, u=1.6f, u=1.7f, u=1.8f, u=1.9f, and u=2.0f respectively. i [x][y] values, imaging area is day_normal_B i The total number of [x][y] values ​​1 K i , upper edge value T i , lower edge value B i , left edge value L i , right edge value R i , the residual root mean square of the imaging area DRAV irms , high-frequency component DRAV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf , i represents different object distances, i=(u-1.1f) / 0.1f, u is the current object distance value.

[0114] Step 23: In daytime mode, the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height, and u = 2.2f, u = 2.4f, u = 2.6f, u = 2.8f, and u = 3f are used to construct imaging features. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area day_normal_B j [x][y] Binarized distribution, imaging area residual root mean square DRAV jrms , high-frequency component DRAV in the edge area of ​​imaging jhf According to the method in step 21, calculate the imaging area and background area day_normal_B under the conditions of u=2.2f, u=2.4f, u=2.6f, u=2.8f, and u=3f respectively. j [x][y] values, imaging area is day_normal_B j The total number of [x][y] values ​​1 K j , upper edge value T j , lower edge value B j , left edge value L j , right edge value R j , the residual root mean square of the imaging area DRAVjrms , high-frequency component DRAV in the edge area of ​​imaging jhf , j represents different object distances, j = (uc-2.2f) / 0.2f, u c is the current object distance value.

[0115] Step 24: In daytime mode, the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height, and u = 3.4f, u = 3.8f, u = 4.2f, u = 4.6f, and u = 5f are used to construct imaging features. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area day_normal_B j [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square DRAV of imaging area jrms , high-frequency component DRAV in the edge area of ​​imaging jhf According to the method in step 21, calculate the day_normal_Bj[x][y] values ​​of the imaging area and background area under the conditions of u=3.4f, u=3.8f, u=4.2f, u=4.6f, and u=5f respectively. The imaging area is day_normal_B j The total number of [x][y] values ​​1 K j , upper edge value T j , lower edge value B j , left edge value L j , right edge value R j , the residual root mean square of the imaging area DRAV jrms , high-frequency component DRAV in the edge area of ​​imaging jhf , j represents different object distances, j=(uc-3.4f) / 0.2f+4, u c is the current object distance value.

[0116] Step 25: In daytime mode, the candle on the screen is imaged under the polarizing screen, and the data day_bottom_AV is used at different object distances u. i [x][y] and day_bottom_RV j [x][y], follow the order of steps 21 to 24 to construct imaging features for different object distances u=1.1f, u=1.2f, u=1.3f, u=1.4f, u=1.5f, u=1.6f, u=1.7f, u=1.8f, u=1.9f, u=2.0f, u=2.2f, u=2.4f, u=2.6f, u=2.8f, u=3.0f, u=3.4f, u=3.8f, u=4.2f, u=4.6f, and u=5.0f. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area day_bottom_B i [x][y] and day_bottom_B j[x][y] Binarized distribution, imaging area residual root mean square DRBV irms and DRBV jrms , high-frequency component DRBV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf and DRBV jhf .

[0117] Step 26: In day mode, the candle on the screen is imaged on the upper part of the polarizing screen, using the data day_top_AV at different object distances u i [x][y] and day_top_RV j [x][y], follow the order of steps 21 to 24 to construct imaging features for different object distances u=1.1f, u=1.2f, u=1.3f, u=1.4f, u=1.5f, u=1.6f, u=1.7f, u=1.8f, u=1.9f, u=2.0f, u=2.2f, u=2.4f, u=2.6f, u=2.8f, u=3.0f, u=3.4f, u=3.8f, u=4.2f, u=4.6f, and u=5.0f. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area day_top_B i [x][y] and day_top_B j [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square DRTV of imaging area irms and DRTV jrms , high-frequency component DRTV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf and DRTV jhf .

[0118] Step 27: In day mode, the convex lens is tilted, and the data day_tile_AV at different object distances u is used. i [x][y] and day_tile_RV j[ x][y], respectively, follow the order of steps 21 to 24 to construct imaging features for different object distances u=1.1f, u=1.2f, u=1.3f, u=1.4f, u=1.5f, u=1.6f, u=1.7f, u=1.8f, u=1.9f, u=2.0f, u=2.2f, u=2.4f, u=2.6f, u=2.8f, u=3.0f, u=3.4f, u=3.8f, u=4.2f, u=4.6f, and u=5.0f. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area day_tile_B i [x][y] and day_tile_B j [x][y] Binarized distribution, imaging area residual mean square DRTIV irms and DRTIV jrms, high-frequency component DRTIV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf and DRTIV jhf .

[0119] Step 28: In the night lighting mode, the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height. Use the data night_normal_AV at different object distances u. i [x][y] and night_normal_RV j [x][y], respectively, operate in the order of steps 21 to 24, and construct imaging features under different object distances u=1.1f, u=1.2f, u=1.3f, u=1.4f, u=1.5f, u=1.6f, u=1.7f, u=1.8f, u=1.9f, u=2.0f, u=2.2f, u=2.4f, u=2.6f, u=2.8f, u=3.0f, u=3.4f, u=3.8f, u=4.2f, u=4.6f, u=5.0f. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area night_normal_B i [x][y] and night_normal_B j [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square NRAV of imaging area irms and NRAV jrms , high-frequency component NRAV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf and NRAV jhf .

[0120] Step 29: In the night lighting mode, the candle on the screen is imaged under the polarizing screen. Using the data of night_bottom_AV at different object distances u i [x][y] and night_bottom_RV j [x][y], follow the order of steps 21 to 24 to construct imaging features for different object distances u=1.1f, u=1.2f, u=1.3f, u=1.4f, u=1.5f, u=1.6f, u=1.7f, u=1.8f, u=1.9f, u=2.0f, u=2.2f, u=2.4f, u=2.6f, u=2.8f, u=3.0f, u=3.4f, u=3.8f, u=4.2f, u=4.6f, and u=5.0f. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area night_bottom_B i [x][y] and night_bottom_B j [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square NRBV of imaging area irms and NRBV jrms, high-frequency component NRBV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf and NRBV jhf .

[0121] Step 30: In the night lighting mode, the candle on the screen is imaged on the upper part of the polarized screen, using the data night_top_AV at different object distances u i [x][y] and night_top_RV j [x][y], respectively, follow the order of steps 21 to 24 to construct imaging features for different object distances u=1.1f, u=1.2f, u=1.3f, u=1.4f, u=1.5f, u=1.6f, u=1.7f, u=1.8f, u=1.9f, u=2.0f, u=2.2f, u=2.4f, u=2.6f, u=2.8f, u=3.0f, u=3.4f, u=3.8f, u=4.2f, u=4.6f, and u=5.0f. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area night_top_B i [x][y] and night_top_B j [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square NRTV of imaging area irms and NRTV jrms , high-frequency component NRTV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf and NRTV jhf .

[0122] Step 31: In night lighting mode, the convex lens is tilted, and the data night_tile_AV at different object distances u is used. i [x][y] and night_tile_RV j [x][y], follow the order of steps 21 to 24 to construct imaging features for different object distances u=1.1f, u=1.2f, u=1.3f, u=1.4f, u=1.5f, u=1.6f, u=1.7f, u=1.8f, u=1.9f, u=2.0f, u=2.2f, u=2.4f, u=2.6f, u=2.8f, u=3.0f, u=3.4f, u=3.8f, u=4.2f, u=4.6f, and u=5.0f. The imaging features include the imaging area and the background area night_tile_B i [x][y] and night_tile_B j [x][y] Binarized distribution, root mean square residual NRTIV of imaging area irms and NRTIV jrms , high-frequency component NRTIV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf and NRTIV jhf.

[0123] Step 32: Use the established terminal system and server system to collect, transmit and process the student experimental operation data. Use the established terminal system to complete the collection, processing and wireless transmission of the background light convex lens imaging data under the student experimental operation environment. According to the interpolation method of step five, the two-dimensional matrix stu_background_V[x][y] value under the background light is obtained. Use the established terminal system to complete the collection, processing and wireless transmission of the student experimental operation convex lens imaging data, and the collection is carried out at a frequency of collecting data every 0.5 seconds. According to the interpolation method of step five, the two-dimensional matrix stu_V[x][y] value of the student experimental operation data is obtained.

[0124] Step 33: Calculate the mean SV of stu_background_V[x][y] under the background light of the student's experimental operation environment ave The maximum value of the absolute value of the residual SRV max ,in:

[0125]

[0126] SRV max =max(abs(stu_background_V[x][y]-SV ave )),

[0127] x=1,2,…M,y=1,2,…N,M and N are M=48,N=48。 Calculate the residual data of student experimental operation data stu_V[x][y] after removing the background light stu_RV[x][y]=stu_V[x][y]-SV ave The screen area is divided into 48x48 rectangular blocks. The position of each block is consistent with the position of the storage data space, which is defined as stu_B[x][y]. When stu_RV[x][y]>SRV max , then this block is judged to be the imaging area, otherwise it is the background area. After judging whether all basic blocks are imaging areas, they are binarized, and the imaging area stu_B[x][y] is assigned a value of 1, and the background area stu_B[x][y] is assigned a value of 0. The morphological opening operation is used to process the noise, and the closing operation is used to reconstruct the information of the imaging edge part lost due to the opening operation, and the student experimental operation imaging area and background area are obtained. If stu_B[x][y] is not all 0, the residual root mean square of the imaging area is calculated. When the value of stu_B[x][y] is 1, stu_RV[x][y] is assigned stu_RV[k]. The k value is incremented by 1, and the total number of stu_B[x][y] values ​​1 after accumulation is K. s , calculate the residual mean of the imaging area Calculate the residual root mean square of the imaging area If stu_B[x][y] is 1 and stu_B[x-1][y] is 0, it is the upper edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x][y] is assigned a value of V s [t], t value increases by 1 each time, and the total number of conditions t that are met after accumulation is T s ; If stu_B[x][y] is 1 and stu_B[x+1][y] is 0, it is the lower edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x][y] is assigned a value of V s [b], b value increases by 1 one by one, and after accumulation, the total number of b that meets the condition B s ; If stu_B[x][y] is 1 and stu_B[x][y-1] is 0, it is the left edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x][y] is assigned a value of V s [l], l value is increased by 1 one by one, and after accumulation, the total number L that meets the condition l s ; If stu_B[x][y] is 1 and stu_B[x][y+1] is 0, it is the right edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x][y] is assigned a value of V s [r], r value increases by 1 one by one, and after accumulation, the total number of conditions r is R s ; Calculate the high-frequency components of the edge area of ​​the imaging

[0128] Step 34: Calculate the imaging feature matching degree DP0 when the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height and object distance u = 1.1f under the student experimental operation and daytime mode. The matching degree DP0 is composed of the imaging area matching degree DPB0 and the imaging area residual matching degree DP rms0 The degree of matching DP with the high-frequency components of the edge area of ​​the imaging hf0 Composition, DP0 = 0.6 × DPB0 + 0.3 × DP rms0 +0.1×DP hf0 ,

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] abs means absolute value operation, and max means maximum value operation.

[0132] Step 35: Calculate the matching degree DP of imaging features when the candle flame, convex lens and light screen are at the same height object distance and different object distances u=1.1f, u=1.2f, u=1.3f, u=1.4f, u=1.5f, u=1.6f, u=1.7f, u=1.8f, u=1.9f and u=2.0f respectively in the student experimental operation and daytime mode. i , matching degree DP i According to the imaging area matching degree DPB i , imaging area residual matching degree DP rmsi The degree of matching DP with the high-frequency components of the edge area of ​​the imaging hfi Composition, calculation of DP i Solve according to step 34, DP i =0.6×DPB i +0.3×DP rmsi +0.1×DP hfi ,

[0133]

[0134]

[0135] abs represents absolute value operation, max represents maximum value operation, i represents different object distance conditions, i=(uc-1.1f) / 0.1f, and uc is the current object distance value.

[0136] Step 36: Calculate the matching degree DP of the imaging features when the candle flame, convex lens and light screen are at the same height and at different object distances u = 2.2f, u = 2.4f, u = 2.6f, u = 2.8f and u = 3.0f respectively in the student experiment and daytime mode. j , matching degree DP j , DP j Calculation method and steps 34 Method DP i The solution method is the same, j represents different object distances, j = (u c -2.2f) / 0.2f,u c is the current object distance value.

[0137] Step 37: Calculate the matching degree DP of imaging features under different object distances u=3.4f, u=3.8f, u=4.2f, u=4.6f, u=5.0f respectively when the centers of candle flame, convex lens and light screen are at the same height under the student experimental operation and daytime mode. j , matching degree DP j According to the imaging area matching degree DPB j , imaging area residual matching degree DP rmsjThe degree of matching DP with the high-frequency components of the edge area of ​​the imaging hfj Composition, DP j Calculation method and steps 34 Method DP i The solution method is the same, j represents different object distances, j = (u c -3.4f) / 0.2f+4,u c is the current object distance value.

[0138] Step 38: Follow the sequence of steps 34 to 37 and use the imaging feature data day_bottom_B from step 25 i [x][y] and day_bottom_B j [x][y], the root mean square residual DRBV of the imaging area irms and DRBV jrms , high-frequency component DRBV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf and DRBV jhf The DBP of the image matching degree of the candle image on the screen under the polarizing screen is calculated under different object distances. i and DBP j , DBP i With DP i The solution method is the same, DBP j With DP j The solution method is the same.

[0139] Step 39: Follow the sequence of steps 34 to 37, and use the imaging feature data day_top_B from step 26 i [x][y] and day_top_B j [x][y], residual root mean square DRTV of imaging area irms and DRTV jrms , high-frequency component DRTV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf and DRTV jhf Data, respectively calculate the degree of matching of imaging features DTP under different object distances for the candle imaging on the polarizing screen under student experimental operation and daytime mode i and DTP j , DTP i With DP i The solution method is the same, DTP j With DP j The solution method is the same.

[0140] Step 40: Follow the sequence of steps 34 to 37, and use the imaging feature data day_tile_B from step 27 i [x][y] and day_tile_B j[x][y], the root mean square residual error DRTIV in the imaging area irms and DRTIV jrms , high-frequency component DRTIV in the edge area of ​​imaging ihf and DRTIV jhf The data were used to calculate the matching degree of imaging features DTIP under different object distances for the candle imaging part on the polarizing screen under the student experimental operation and daytime mode. i and DTIP j ,DTIP i With DP i The solution method is the same, DTIP j With DP j The solution method is the same.

[0141] Step 41: Follow the sequence of steps 34 to 37 and use the imaging feature data night_normal_B from step 28 i [x][y] and night_normal_B j [x][y], the root mean square residual NRAV of the imaging area irms and NRRV jrms , high-frequency component NRAV in the edge area of ​​imaging jhf and NRRV jhf The data were used to calculate the matching degree NP of imaging features under different object distances when the candle flame, convex lens and light screen are at the same height under the students' experimental operation and night lighting mode. i and NP j , NP i With DP i The solution method is the same, NP j With DP j The solution method is the same.

[0142] Step 42: Follow the sequence of steps 34 to 37 and use the imaging feature data night_bottom_B from step 29 i [x][y] and night_bottom_B j [x][y], the residual root mean square NRBV of the imaging area irms and NRBV jrms , high-frequency component NRBV in the edge area of ​​imaging jhf and NRBV jhf Data, respectively calculate the student experimental operation and night lighting mode, the candle imaging on the light screen under the polarizing screen, the imaging feature matching degree NBP under different object distances i and NBP j , NBP i With DP i The solution method is the same, NBPj With DP j The solution method is the same.

[0143] Step 43: Follow the sequence from Step 34 to Step 37 and use the imaging feature data night_top_B from Step 30 i [x][y] and night_top_B j [x][y], the residual root mean square NRTV of the imaging area irms and NRTV jrms , high-frequency component NRTV in the edge area of ​​imaging jhf and NRTV jhf The data were used to calculate the matching degree of imaging features (NTP) under different object distances for the candle imaging part on the polarizing screen under the student experimental operation and night lighting mode. i and NTP j , NTP i With DP i The solution method is the same, NTP j With DP j The solution method is the same.

[0144] Step 44: Follow the sequence from Step 34 to Step 37 and use the imaging feature data night_tile_B from Step 31 i [x][y] and night_tile_B j [x][y], the root mean square residual error (NRTIV) of the imaging area irms and NRTIV jrms , high-frequency component NRTIV in the edge area of ​​imaging jhf and NRTIV jhf Data, respectively calculate the student experimental operation and night lighting mode, convex lens tilt, different object distances under the imaging feature matching degree NTIP i and NTIP j , NTIP i With DP i The solution method is the same, NTIP j With DP j The solution method is the same.

[0145] Step 45: Obtain the student's experimental operation matching confidence MP and compare DP i , DP j 、DBP i 、DBP j , DTP i , DTP j DTIP i DTIP j NP i NP j、NBP i 、NBP j 、NTP i 、NTP j NTIP i NTIP j The value size is MP.

[0146] Step 46: Evaluation of students’ experimental operation. When the matching confidence level MP of students’ experimental operation is DP i or DP j , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is accurate and the working environment is daytime mode; when the student's experimental operation matching confidence MP is NP i or NP j , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is accurate and the working environment is night lighting mode; when the student's experimental operation matching confidence MP is DBP i or DBP j , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the upper part of the polarizing screen. The working environment of the light screen is daytime mode. When the student's experimental operation matching confidence MP is NBP i or NBP j , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the upper part of the polarizing screen. The light screen working environment is the night lighting mode. When the student's experimental operation matching confidence MP is DTP i or DTP j , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the lower part of the polarizing screen. The light screen working environment is daytime mode. When the student's experimental operation matching confidence MP is NTP i or NTP j , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the lower part of the polarizing screen. The light screen working environment is the night lighting mode. When the student's experimental operation matching confidence MP is DTIP i or DTIP j , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect, the convex lens is tilted, and a clear image cannot be obtained. The light screen working environment is daytime mode; when the student's experimental operation matching confidence MP is NTIP i or NTIP j, and MP > 0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation was incorrect. The convex lens was tilted, and a clear image could not be obtained. The light screen was operating in night lighting mode. The object distance is determined based on i and j: u = 1.1f + 0.1fxi. When j < = 4, u = 2.2f + 0.2fxj. When j > 4, u = 3.0f + 0.4fxj.

[0147] The present invention collects data on correct and typical incorrect operations under different background environments and object distances, extracting distribution characteristics of the background and imaging regions, residual root mean square errors in the imaging regions, and high-frequency component characteristics of the imaging edge regions. The present invention also extracts distribution characteristics of the background and imaging regions, residual root mean square errors in the imaging regions, and high-frequency component characteristics of the imaging edge regions during student operations. The student's operation characteristics are then matched with correct and typical incorrect operations under different background environments and object distances. Based on the matching results, the correctness of the student's operation and the typical type of incorrect operation in the case of an incorrect operation are determined.

[0148] Regarding the specific structure of the present invention, it should be noted that the connection relationship between the various component modules adopted in the present invention is definite and feasible. Except for those specifically described in the embodiments, the specific connection relationship can bring about corresponding technical effects and solve the technical problems raised by the present invention without relying on the execution of corresponding software programs. The components, modules, models of specific components appearing in the present invention, the connection methods between each other, and the conventional usage methods and expected technical effects brought about by the above-mentioned technical features, except for those specifically described, all belong to the disclosed contents in patents, journal articles, technical manuals, technical dictionaries, and textbooks that can be obtained by technical personnel in this field before the application date, or belong to the existing technologies such as conventional technology and common knowledge in this field. There is no need to elaborate, so that the technical solution provided in this case is clear, complete, and feasible, and the corresponding physical products can be reproduced or obtained based on this technical means.

[0149] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic evaluation system for a physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test, characterized by: The system comprises a terminal system and a server system; the terminal system comprises an imaging light screen composed of a nonlinear optical sensor array; the imaging light screen comprises an optical sensor array acquisition module, a signal processing module, and a wireless transmission module; the server system comprises a wireless receiving module, an imaging feature module, and an automatic evaluation module; the optical sensor array acquisition module is used to collect imaging image data in a convex lens imaging experiment under different background environments and different object distances, and sends the collected imaging image data to the signal processing module for signal processing, and then sends the collected imaging image data to the server system via the wireless transmission module; The imaging light screen is divided into an imaging core area, an imaging adjacent area, and an imaging edge area. The imaging core area is the main imaging area of ​​the convex lens under correct experimental operation. The imaging adjacent area is the part close to the imaging core area. The area of ​​the imaging light screen other than the imaging core area and the imaging adjacent area is the imaging edge area. The server system receives imaging image data through a wireless receiving module, analyzes the collected imaging image data through an imaging feature module, determines the area to which the imaging image data belongs on the imaging screen, and compares the data with standard correct experimental operation data and typical incorrect experimental operation data. Finally, the matching confidence in the automatic evaluation module is used to evaluate the student's experimental operation. Among them, the student's operation characteristics are matched with the imaging characteristics of correct experimental operations and typical incorrect experimental operations under different background environments and different object distances, and the matching degrees of each imaging feature under the corresponding background environment and object distance are obtained respectively. The matching degrees of each imaging feature are compared, and the maximum imaging feature matching degree is selected as the student's experimental operation matching confidence. The final judgment result is obtained by comparing the matching confidence with the threshold. The final judgment result includes the judgment result of whether the student's operation is correct, the recognition result of the environmental mode, and the typical incorrect experimental operation type attributed in the case of incorrect operation; wherein, the imaging feature matching degree is composed of the imaging area matching degree, the imaging area residual matching degree and the imaging edge area high-frequency component matching degree.

2. The automatic judging system for the physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test according to claim 1 is characterized by: The arrangement of the sensor nodes in each area of ​​the imaging light screen is non-uniform, wherein the optical sensor nodes are densely arranged in the imaging core area, the optical sensor nodes are sparsely arranged in the imaging edge area, and the optical sensor nodes are arranged in the sparse manner in the imaging adjacent area more densely than in the imaging edge area.

3. The automatic judging system for the physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test according to claim 1 is characterized by: The signal processing module includes an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a single-chip microcomputer control module, and a power supply module; A part of the power supply module supplies power to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and another part supplies power to the single-chip microcomputer control module. The entire system is powered by a lithium battery.

4. The automatic judging system for the physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test according to claim 1 is characterized by: The imaging feature module has built-in imaging feature data of correct experimental operation and typical incorrect experimental operation of convex lens imaging experiments under different background environments and different object distances.

5. An automatic evaluation method for a physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test, using the automatic evaluation system for a physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Build a convex lens imaging data acquisition device. The convex lens imaging experimental equipment includes an optical bench, a candle, a convex lens, and an imaging light screen composed of a non-uniform optical sensor array. The data from the optical sensor array is output to the signal processing module and then transmitted via the wireless transmission module after processing; Step 2: Complete the collection, processing and wireless transmission of convex lens imaging experimental data in accordance with correct experimental operation steps and typical incorrect experimental operation steps under different background environments and different object distances; Step 3: The wireless receiving module of the server system receives imaging data of correct experimental operation and typical incorrect experimental operation of convex lens imaging; The imaging feature module extracts features from the imaging data of correct experimental operations and typical incorrect experimental operations; Step 4: Use the built convex lens imaging terminal system and server system to collect, transmit and extract features of students' experimental operation data. Feature extraction includes extracting the distribution characteristics of the background area and the imaging area, the residual root mean square of the imaging area, and the high-frequency component characteristics of the imaging edge area; Step 5: Match the student's operation features with the imaging features of correct experimental operations and typical incorrect experimental operations under different background environments and different object distances, respectively obtain the matching degree of each imaging feature under the corresponding background environment and object distance, compare the matching degrees of each imaging feature, select the largest imaging feature matching degree as the student's experimental operation matching confidence, and obtain the final judgment result by comparing the matching confidence with the threshold. The final judgment result includes the judgment result of whether the student's operation is correct, the recognition result of the environmental mode, and the typical incorrect experimental operation type in the case of incorrect operation; The imaging feature matching degree is composed of the imaging area matching degree, the imaging area residual matching degree and the imaging edge area high frequency component matching degree.

6. The automatic evaluation method for a physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 1, the light screen of the nonlinear optical sensor array is divided into an imaging core area, an imaging adjacent area, and an imaging edge area. The imaging core area is the main imaging area of ​​the convex lens under correct experimental operation, the imaging adjacent area is the part close to the imaging core area, and the area of ​​the imaging light screen other than the imaging core area and the imaging adjacent area is the imaging edge area. The density of optical sensor nodes is different in each area. The optical sensor nodes are densely arranged in the imaging core area, sparsely arranged in the imaging edge area, and the sparse arrangement of optical sensor nodes in the imaging adjacent area is denser than that in the imaging edge area.

7. The automatic evaluation method for a physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps for obtaining imaging features in step 2 under different background environments and different object distances according to the correct experimental operation steps are as follows: Step 2.1: In daytime mode, adjust the heights of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen so that their centers are at the same height. Without lighting the candle, use the established terminal system to complete the collection, processing, and wireless transmission of the convex lens imaging data under background light. After receiving the voltage value of the optical sensor array, the wireless receiving module of the server system stores and pre-processes it according to the core area data cent, adjacent area close and edge area data types; Interpolate each adjacent area and edge area into data of the same size as the core area data through the bilinear interpolation algorithm; The core area data, the interpolated adjacent area data and the interpolated edge area data are constructed into an NxN two-dimensional matrix background light data day_BGV[x][y] according to the spatial position; Step 2.2: In daytime mode, light a candle and adjust the heights of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen so that their centers are at the same height. Adjust the object distance u and move the light screen at different object distances u until a clear image is visible. Use the established terminal system to complete the acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission of the convex lens imaging data at different object distances u. After receiving the voltage value of the optical sensor array, the wireless receiving module of the server system stores and pre-processes it according to the core area data cent, adjacent area close and edge area data types; Interpolate each adjacent area and edge area into data of the same size as the core area data through the bilinear interpolation algorithm; The core area data, the interpolated adjacent area data and the interpolated edge area data are combined Construct an NxN two-dimensional matrix according to the spatial position to correctly operate the experimental data day_V c [x][y], c represents different object distances; Step 2.3: In daytime mode, light a candle, adjust the heights of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen, and adjust the object distance u = 2f so that the centers of the three are at the same height; Adjust the height of the convex lens to obtain the candle image on the light screen, the part below the polarizing screen, and the candle image on the light screen, the part above the polarizing screen; According to the method in step 2.2, the imaging data day_BV of the candle on the screen under the polarizing screen is obtained at different object distances u. c [x][y] and the imaging data of the candle on the polarizing screen day_TV c [x][y], c represents different object distances; Step 2.4: In daytime mode, light a candle, adjust the heights of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen, and adjust the object distance u = 2f so that the centers of the three are at the same height; Adjust the convex lens, tilt the convex lens, and follow the method in step 2.2 to obtain the imaging data day_TIV when the convex lens is tilted at different object distances u c [x][y], c represents different object distances; Step 2.5: In the night lighting mode, follow the method from step 2.1 to step 2.4 to obtain the background light data night_BGV[x][y], and the correct experimental operation data night_V at different object distances u. c [x][y], imaging data night_BV when the candle on the screen is imaged under the polarizing screen c [x][y], imaging data of the candle on the screen when the polarizing screen is on the screen night_TV c [x][y] and imaging data night_TIV when the convex lens is tilted c [x][y].

8. The automatic evaluation method for a physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps of extracting the imaging area and background area features by the imaging feature module in step 3 are as follows: Step 3.1: In day mode, the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height, and the object distance u = 1.1f. Use day_BGV[x][y] and day_V c [x][y] data to construct imaging features. The imaging features in step 3.1 include the binarized day_B0[x][y] distribution of the imaging area and the background area, the root mean square residual DRVrms0 of the imaging area, and the high-frequency component DRVhf0 of the imaging edge area; Specifically, calculate the mean DV of day_BGV[x][y] under background light ave , the maximum value of the absolute value of the residual DRV max ,in, ； DRV max =max(abs(day_BGV[x][y]-DV ave )); Calculate day_V when object distance u=1.1f c [x][y] removes the residual data of background light day_RV0[x][y]=day_V c [x][y]-DV ave ; The light screen area is divided into NxN rectangular blocks as basic blocks. The position of each basic block is consistent with the position of the storage data space, which is defined as day_B0[x][y]. When day_RV0[x][y]>DRV max When , the basic block is judged to be the imaging area, otherwise it is the background area; After determining whether all basic blocks are imaging areas, perform binarization processing. The imaging area day_B0[x][y] is assigned a value of 1, and the background area day_B0[x][y] is assigned a value of 0. The morphological opening operation is used to process the noise, and the closing operation is used to reconstruct the information of the edge part of the image lost due to the opening operation. The distribution of day_B0[x][y] of the binary image area and background area is obtained when u=1.1f; Calculate the residual root mean square of the imaging area. When the value of day_B0[x][y] is 1, day_RV0[x][y] is assigned the value of day_RV0[k]. The k value is incremented by 1. After accumulation, the total number of day_B0[x][y] values ​​that are 1 is K0. Calculate the mean residual of the imaging area: ; Calculate the residual root mean square of the imaging area: ； If the value of day_B0[x][y] is 1 and the value of day_B0[x-1][y] is 0, which is the upper edge of the imaging area, day_RV0[x][y] is assigned the value V0[t], and the value of t is incremented by 1. The total number of t values ​​that meet the conditions is T0. If the value of day_B0[x][y] is 1 and the value of day_B0[x+1][y] is 0, which is the lower edge of the imaging area, day_RV0[x][y] is assigned the value V0[b], and the b value is incremented by 1. The total number of b values ​​that meet the conditions is B0 after accumulation. If the value of day_B0[x][y] is 1 and the value of day_B0[x][y-1] is 0, which is the left edge of the imaging area, day_RV0[x][y] is assigned the value V0[l], and the l value is incremented by 1. After accumulation, the total number of l that meets the conditions is L0; If the value of day_B0[x][y] is 1 and the value of day_B0[x][y+1] is 0, which is the right edge of the imaging area, day_RV0[x][y] is assigned the value V0[r], and the value of r is incremented by 1. The total number of r values ​​that meet the conditions is R0 after accumulation. Calculate the high-frequency component of the edge area of ​​the imaging: ； Step 3.2: In day mode, the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height. Use day_BGV[x][y] and day_V c [x][y] data, according to the method of step 3.1, under different object distances u, construct the correct experimental operation imaging features under different object distances. The imaging features of step 3.2 include the imaging area and the background area day_B c [x][y] Binarized distribution, imaging area residual root mean square DRVrms c , high-frequency component DRVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c , c represents different object distance conditions; Step 3.3: In day mode, the candle on the screen is imaged under the polarizing screen, using day_BGV[x][y] and day_BV c [x][y] data, according to the method of step 3.1, under different object distances u, construct the typical error experimental operation under different object distances. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not at the same height imaging features. The imaging features of step 3.3 include the imaging area and the background area day_BB c [x][y] Binarized distribution, imaging area residual root mean square DRBVrms c , high-frequency component DRBVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c , c represents different object distance conditions; Step 3.4: In day mode, the candle on the screen is imaged on the upper part of the polarized screen, using day_BGV[x][y] and day_TV c [x][y] data, according to the method of step 3.1, under different object distances u, construct the typical error experimental operation under different object distances. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not at the same height imaging features. The imaging features of step 3.4 include the imaging area and the background area day_TB c [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square DRTVrms of imaging area c , high-frequency component DRTVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c , c represents different object distance conditions; Step 3.5: Build the imaging feature module on the server. In daytime mode, the convex lens is tilted and day_BGV[x][y] and day_TIV are used. c [x][y] data, according to the method of step 3.1, under different object distances u, construct the typical error experimental operation convex lens tilt imaging characteristics under different object distances. The imaging characteristics of step 3.5 include the imaging area and the background area day_TIB c [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square DRTIVrms of imaging area c , high-frequency component of the imaging edge area DRTIVhf c , c represents different object distance conditions; Step 3.6: In the night lighting mode, use the background light data night_BGV[x][y] obtained in step 2.5 to correctly operate the data night_V at different object distances u. c [x][y], imaging data night_BV when the candle on the screen is imaged under the polarizing screen c [x][y], imaging data of the candle on the screen when it is imaged on the polarizing screen night_TV c [x][y] and imaging data night_TIV when the convex lens is tilted c [x][y], follow the methods from step 3.1 to step 3.5, under night lighting mode, construct the correct experimental operation imaging characteristics under different object distances u, including: imaging area and background area night_B c [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square NRVrms in the imaging area c , high-frequency component NRVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c ; And construct a typical error experiment operation. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not at the same height. Imaging features, including the imaging area and the background area night_BB c [x][y] and night_TB c [x][y] Binarized distribution, imaging area residual root mean square NRBVrms c and NRTVrms c , high-frequency component NRBVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c and NRTVhf c ; And construct a typical error experiment to operate the convex lens tilt imaging characteristics, including the imaging area and background area night_TIB c [x][y] Binarized distribution, residual root mean square NRTIVrms of imaging area c , high-frequency component NRTIVhf in the edge area of ​​imaging c , c represents different object distances.

9. The automatic evaluation method for a physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steps for obtaining the student experimental operation characteristic data in step 4 are as follows: Step 4.1: Use the built convex lens imaging terminal system to complete the collection, processing and wireless transmission of background light convex lens imaging data in the student experimental operation environment, and obtain the two-dimensional matrix stu_BGV[x1][y1] value under background light; The built convex lens imaging terminal system is used to complete the collection, processing and wireless transmission of the convex lens imaging data of the student experiment operation. The data collection frequency is performed every 0.5 seconds to obtain the two-dimensional matrix stu_V[x1][y1] value of the student experiment operation data; Step 4.2: Calculate the mean SV of stu_BGV[x1][y1] under the background light of the student's experimental operation environment ave The maximum value of the absolute value of the residual SRV max , ； SRV max =max(abs(stu_BGV[x1][y1]-SV ave )),x1=1,2,…N,y1=1,2,…N; Calculate the residual data of student experimental operation data stu_V[x1][y1] after removing the background light stu_RV[x1][y1]=stu_V[x1][y1]-SV ave ; The light screen area is divided into NxN rectangular blocks as basic blocks. The position of each basic block is consistent with the position of the storage data space, which is defined as stu_B[x1][y1]. When stu_RV[x1][y1]>SRV max When , the basic block is judged as the imaging area, otherwise it is the background area; After determining whether all basic blocks are imaging areas, perform binarization processing. The imaging area stu_B[x1][y1] is assigned a value of 1, and the background area stu_B[x1][y1] is assigned a value of 0. The morphological opening operation is used to process the noise, and the closing operation is used to reconstruct the information of the edge part of the imaging lost due to the opening operation, so as to obtain the imaging area and background area of ​​the student experiment operation; If stu_B[x1][y1] is not all 0, calculate the residual root mean square of the imaging area. When the value of stu_B[x1][y1] is 1, stu_RV[x1][y1] is assigned to stu_RV[k1]. The k1 value is increased by 1 one by one. After accumulation, the total number of stu_B[x1][y1] values ​​1 is K. s , calculate the Student's mean residual for the imaging area: ； Calculate the Student's root mean square residual for the imaging area: ； If stu_B[x1][y1] is 1 and stu_B[x1-1][y1] is 0, it is the upper edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x1][y1] is assigned a value of V s [t1], the t1 value is incremented by 1, and the total number of t1s that meet the conditions after accumulation is T s ; If stu_B[x1][y1] is 1 and stu_B[x1+1][y1] is 0, it is the lower edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x1][y1] is assigned a value of V s [b1], b1 value is increased by 1, and the total number of b1 that meets the conditions after accumulation is B s ; If stu_B[x1][y1] is 1 and stu_B[x1][y1-1] is 0, it is the left edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x1][y1] is assigned a value of V s [l1], l1 value is increased by 1 one by one, and the total number of l1 that meets the conditions after accumulation is L s ; If stu_B[x1][y1] is 1 and stu_B[x1][y1+1] is 0, it is the right edge of the imaging area, and stu_RV[x1][y1] is assigned a value of V s [r1], r1 value is increased by 1, and the total number of r1 that meets the conditions after accumulation is R s ; Calculate the high-frequency component of the pupil's imaging edge area: ； Step 4.3: Calculate the degree of matching DP between the student's experimental operation and the daytime mode, when the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are at the same height and at different object distances u. c , matching degree DP c According to the imaging area matching degree DPB c , imaging area residual matching degree DPrms c The degree of matching DP with the high-frequency components of the edge area of ​​the imaging hf0 Composition, DP c =0.6×DPB c +0.3×DPrms c +0.1×DP hf0 ; ； ； ； Among them, abs means absolute value operation, and max means maximum value operation; Step 4.4: Follow the method in step 4.3 and use the typical error experiment in step 3.3 to operate the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen at different heights to image the characteristic data day_BB c [x][y], imaging area residual root mean square DRBVrms c and the high-frequency component DRBVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c Calculate the DBP of the image matching degree of the candle on the screen under the polarizing screen under different object distances in the student experiment operation in daytime mode c , DBP c With DP c The solution method is the same; Using the typical error experiment in step 3.4, the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not at the same height to image the characteristic data day_TB c [x][y], imaging area residual root mean square DRTVrms c and the high-frequency component DRTVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c Calculate the DTP matching degree of the candle image on the polarizing screen under different object distances in the student experiment operation in daytime mode. c , DTP c With DP c The solution method is the same; Step 4.5: Follow the method in step 4.3 and use the typical error experiment in step 3.5 to operate the convex lens tilt imaging feature data day_TIB c [x][y], imaging area residual root mean square DRTIVrms c and the high-frequency component DRTIVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c Calculate the degree of imaging feature matching (DTIP) under different object distances in the student experiment under daytime mode with the convex lens tilted c ,DTIP c With DP c The solution method is the same; Step 4.6: Follow the sequence of steps 4.3 to 4.5 and use step 3.6 to correctly manipulate the imaging feature data night_V c [x][y], imaging area residual root mean square NRVrms c and the high-frequency component NRVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c Calculate the degree of matching NP of imaging features under different object distances when the candle flame, convex lens and light screen are at the same height in the student experiment under night lighting mode. c , NP c With DP c The solution method is the same; Using the typical error experiment in step 3.6, the centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not at the same height to image the characteristic data night_BB c [x][y] and night_TB c [x][y], imaging area residual root mean square NRBVrms C and NRTVrms C and the high-frequency component NRBVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c and NRTVhf c , respectively calculate the student experiment operation in the night lighting mode, the candle imaging on the light screen under the polarizing screen part and the candle imaging on the light screen under the polarizing screen part, the imaging feature matching degree NBP under different object distances c and NTP c , NBP c and NTP c With DP c The solution method is the same; Use the typical error experiment in step 3.6 to manipulate the convex lens tilt imaging feature data night_TIB c [x][y], imaging area residual root mean square NRTIVrms c and the high-frequency component NRTIVhf in the edge area of ​​the imaging c , calculate the matching degree of imaging features between students' experimental operation and night lighting mode, convex lens tilt, and different object distances NTIP c , NTIP c With DP c The solution method is the same, c represents different object distance conditions; Step 4.7: Find the student's experimental operation matching confidence MP and compare DP c 、DBP c , DTP c DTIP c NP c 、NBP c 、NTP c NTIP c The value size is MP.

10. The automatic evaluation method for a physical convex lens imaging experiment operation test according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific process of judging students' experimental operations in step 5 is as follows: When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP to DP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the students’ experimental operation is accurate and the working environment is daytime mode; When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence level MP to NP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the students' experimental operation is accurate and the working environment is night lighting mode; When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP to DBP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the lower part of the polarizing screen. The working environment of the light screen is daytime mode. When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP to NBP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the lower part of the polarizing screen. The light screen working environment is night lighting mode. When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP is DTIP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the upper part of the polarizing screen. The working environment of the light screen is daytime mode. When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP to NTP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect. The centers of the candle flame, convex lens, and light screen are not adjusted to the same height. The candle image on the light screen is the upper part of the polarizing screen. The light screen working environment is night lighting mode. When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP is DTIP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect, the convex lens is tilted, and a clear image cannot be obtained. The working environment of the light screen is daytime mode; When the student's experimental operation matches the confidence MP to NTIP c , and MP>0.5 indicates that the student's experimental operation is incorrect, the convex lens is tilted, and a clear image cannot be obtained. The working environment of the light screen is night lighting mode.

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