Method and apparatus for designing short training sequences

Abstract

The application provides a method and device for designing a short training sequence. The method comprises: determining a short training sequence, wherein the short training sequence can be obtained based on an existing sequence, and a short training sequence with better performance can be obtained through simulation calculation, for example, adjusting parameters; and transmitting a short training field on a target channel, wherein the short training field is obtained by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the short training sequence, and the bandwidth of the target channel is greater than 160 MHz. According to the embodiment of the application, not only can the larger channel bandwidth in practice be met, but also backward compatibility is achieved. Moreover, the short training sequence provided by the embodiment of the application is verified through exhaustive simulation of parameters, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is small, the performance is better, and thus the estimation effect of the automatic gain control circuit at the receiving end is improved, so that the receiving error rate is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for designing short training sequences. Background Technology

[0002] The evolution of 802.11a through 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac to 802.11ax has utilized 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. As more frequency bands became available, the maximum channel bandwidth supported by 802.11 expanded from 20 MHz to 40 MHz and then to 160 MHz. In 2017, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) opened a new free frequency band, 6 GHz (5925-7125 MHz). In their project authorization requests (PARs), 802.11ax standard builders extended the operating range of 802.11ax devices from 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz to 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz. Given the significantly larger available bandwidth in the newly opened 6 GHz band, it is foreseeable that the next generation of standards after 802.11ax will support channel bandwidths greater than 160 MHz.

[0003] Therefore, how to design a short training field (STF) for larger channel bandwidth is a question worth considering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and apparatus for designing short training sequences, which can design short training sequences for larger channel bandwidths and are backward compatible.

[0005] In a first aspect, a method for transmitting a short training field is provided, the method comprising: determining a short training sequence; transmitting the short training field on a target channel, wherein the short training field is obtained by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the short training sequence, and wherein the bandwidth of the target channel is greater than 160 MHz.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, determining the short training sequence corresponding to a larger channel bandwidth can support the receiver in performing automatic gain control on data transmitted over a larger channel bandwidth. This short training sequence can be obtained based on existing short training sequences for existing channel bandwidths, and through simulation calculations, such as parameter adjustments, a short training sequence with better performance can be obtained. Then, this short training sequence undergoes a Fast Fourier Transform to obtain a short training field. According to the embodiments of this application, it not only meets the requirements for larger channel bandwidths in practice and is backward compatible, but also, through exhaustive simulation of parameters, verifies that the short training sequence provided by the embodiments of this application has a smaller peak-to-average power (PAPR) value and better performance, thereby improving the estimation effect of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit and reducing the received bit error rate.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the short training sequence is obtained based on the M-sequence transform; or, the short training sequence is obtained based on the efficient frequency domain sequence HES transform corresponding to the bandwidth of the reference channel, wherein the bandwidth of the reference channel is less than or equal to 160MHz.

[0008] Based on the above technical solutions, short training sequences corresponding to larger channel bandwidths can be obtained directly from M-sequences. For example, according to the 802.11ax standard, efficient short training sequences for HE-STF are constructed based on M-sequences through multiplexing, phase rotation, and splicing. The M-sequence is defined in the 802.11ax standard as M = {-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1}. Alternatively, they can be obtained based on the efficient frequency domain sequence HES corresponding to existing channels, such as the HES corresponding to 80MHz or 160MHz, thus ensuring compatibility with existing short training sequences. Regarding HES, the 802.11ax standard defines the frequency domain value HES for HE-STF. a:b:c In this expression, a and c represent the indices of the starting subcarrier, and b represents the interval. a:b:c means starting from subcarrier a and proceeding every b subcarriers to subcarrier c. On other subcarriers, the HES value is 0.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the bandwidth of the target channel is 240MHz, and when the period length included in the short training field is 0.8μs, the short training sequence is represented as follows:

[0010] or

[0011] or

[0012] or

[0013] or

[0014] or

[0015] or

[0016] or

[0017] or

[0018] or

[0019]

[0020] Where L1 is represented as {M,1,-M}, R1 as {-M,1,-M}, -L1 as {-M,-1,M}, and -R1 as {M,-1,M}.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the 240MHz bandwidth has a total of 3072 subcarriers. When the period length of the short training field is 0.8μs, the short training sequence can be represented as S. -1520:16:1520 Here, -1520 and 1520 represent the index numbers of the starting subcarrier, and 16 represents the interval. -1520:16:1520 means starting from the subcarrier with index -1520, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 1520. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0. Therefore, the values ​​given in the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​starting from the subcarrier with index -1520, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 1520. L1 and R1 are sequences related to the short training sequence corresponding to the 80MHz short training field with a period length of 0.8μs. Thus, the 240MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 80MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 240MHz short training sequences can support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth (bandwidth greater than 160MHz) channels. Simulation results show that these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power, enabling them to support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth channels and improve the estimation performance of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the bandwidth of the target channel is 240MHz, and when the period length included in the short training field is 1.6μs, the short training sequence is represented as follows:

[0023] or

[0024] or

[0025] or

[0026] or

[0027] or

[0028] or

[0029] or

[0030] or

[0031] or

[0032]

[0033] Where L2 is represented as {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M}, R2 is represented as {-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, -L2 is represented as {-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M}, and -R2 is represented as {M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}.

[0034] In the above technical solution, the 240MHz bandwidth has a total of 3072 subcarriers. When the period length of the short training field is 1.6μs, the short training sequence can be represented as S. -1528:8:1528 Here, -1528 and 1528 represent the indices of the starting subcarriers, and 8 represents the interval. -1528:8:1528 means starting from the subcarrier with index -1528, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 1528. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0. Therefore, the values ​​given in the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​starting from the subcarrier with index -1528, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 1528. L2 and R2 are sequences associated with the 80MHz, 1.6μs short training sequence. Thus, the 240MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 80MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 240MHz short training sequences can support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth (bandwidth greater than 160MHz) channels. Simulation results show that these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power, enabling them to support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth channels and improve the estimation performance of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate.

[0035] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the bandwidth of the target channel is 320MHz, and when the period length included in the short training field is 0.8μs, the short training sequence is represented as follows:

[0036] or

[0037] or

[0038] or

[0039] or

[0040] or

[0041] or

[0042] or

[0043] or

[0044] or

[0045]

[0046] Where L1 is represented as {M,1,-M}, R1 as {-M,1,-M}, -L1 as {-M,-1,M}, and -R1 as {M,-1,M}.

[0047] In the above technical solution, the 320MHz bandwidth has a total of 4096 subcarriers. When the period length of the short training field is 0.8μs, the short training sequence can be represented as S. -2032:16:2032 Where -2032 and 2032 represent the indices of the starting subcarrier, and 16 represents the interval. -2032:16:2032 means starting from the subcarrier with index -2032, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2032. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0. Therefore, the values ​​given in the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​starting from the subcarrier with index -2032, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2032. Where L1 and R1 are sequences associated with the short training sequence corresponding to 80MHz and a period length of 0.8μs. Thus, the 320MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 80MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 320MHz short training sequences can support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth (bandwidth greater than 160MHz) channels. Simulation results show that these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power, enabling them to support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth channels and improve the estimation performance of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate.

[0048] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the bandwidth of the target channel is 320MHz, and when the period length included in the short training field is 0.8μs, the short training sequence is represented as follows:

[0049] or

[0050] or

[0051] or

[0052] or

[0053] or

[0054] or

[0055] or

[0056] or

[0057] or

[0058]

[0059] Where L3 is represented as {M,1,-M,0,-M,1,-M}, R3 is represented as {-M,-1,M,0,-M,1,-M}, -L3 is represented as {-M,-1,M,0,M,-1,M}, and -R3 is represented as {M,1,-M,0,M,-1,M}.

[0060] In the above technical solution, the 320MHz bandwidth has a total of 4096 subcarriers. When the period length of the short training field is 0.8μs, the short training sequence can be represented as S. -2032:16:2032Where -2032 and 2032 represent the index numbers of the starting subcarrier, and 16 represents the interval. -2032:16:2032 means starting from the subcarrier with index -2032, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2032. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0. Therefore, the values ​​given in the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​starting from the subcarrier with index -2032, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2032. Where L3 and R3 are sequences associated with the short training sequence corresponding to 160MHz and a period length of 0.8μs. Thus, the 320MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 160MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 320MHz short training sequences can support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth (bandwidth greater than 160MHz) channels. Simulation results show that these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power, enabling them to support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth channels and improve the estimation performance of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate.

[0061] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the bandwidth of the target channel is 320MHz, and when the period length included in the short training field is 1.6μs, the short training sequence is represented as follows:

[0062] or

[0063] or

[0064] or

[0065] or

[0066] or

[0067] or

[0068] or

[0069] or

[0070] or

[0071]

[0072] Where L2 is represented as {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M}, R2 is represented as {-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, -L2 is represented as {-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M}, and -R2 is represented as {M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}.

[0073] In the above technical solution, the 320MHz bandwidth has a total of 4096 subcarriers. When the period length of the short training field is 1.6μs, the short training sequence can be represented as S. -2024:8:2024 Where -2024 and 2024 represent the index numbers of the starting subcarrier, and 8 represents the interval. -2024:8:2024 means starting from the subcarrier with index -2024, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2024. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0. Therefore, the values ​​given in the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​starting from the subcarrier with index -2024, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2024. Where L2 and R2 are sequences related to the short training sequence corresponding to 80MHz and a period length of 1.6μs. Thus, the 320MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 80MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 320MHz short training sequences can support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth (bandwidth greater than 160MHz) channels. Simulation results show that these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power, enabling them to support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth channels and improve the estimation performance of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate.

[0074] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the bandwidth of the target channel is 320MHz, and when the period length included in the short training field is 1.6μs, the short training sequence is represented as follows:

[0075] or

[0076] or

[0077] or

[0078] or

[0079] or

[0080] or

[0081] or

[0082] or

[0083] or

[0084]

[0085] Where L4 is represented as {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M,0,-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, R4 is represented as {-M,1,-M,1,M,1-M,0,-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, -L4 is represented as {-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M,0,M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}, and -R4 is represented as {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M,0,M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}.

[0086] In the above technical solution, the 320MHz bandwidth has a total of 4096 subcarriers. When the period length of the short training field is 1.6μs, the short training sequence can be represented as S. -2040:8:2040 Where -2040 and 2040 represent the indices of the starting subcarriers, and 8 represents the interval. -2040:8:2040 means starting from the subcarrier with index -2040, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2040. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0. Therefore, the values ​​given in the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​starting from the subcarrier with index -2040, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2040. Where L4 and R4 are sequences associated with the short training sequence corresponding to 160MHz and a period length of 1.6μs. Thus, the 320MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 160MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 320MHz short training sequences can support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth (bandwidth greater than 160MHz) channels. Simulation results show that these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power, enabling them to support automatic gain control on high-bandwidth channels and improve the estimation performance of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate.

[0087] Secondly, an apparatus for transmitting a short training field is provided. The apparatus includes: a determining module for determining a short training sequence; and a transmitting module for transmitting the short training field on a target channel, wherein the short training field is obtained by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the short training sequence, and the bandwidth of the target channel is greater than 160 MHz.

[0088] Thirdly, an apparatus for transmitting a short training field is provided, the apparatus comprising: a processor for determining a short training sequence; and a transceiver for transmitting the short training field on a target channel, wherein the short training field is obtained by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the short training sequence, and wherein the bandwidth of the target channel is greater than 160 MHz.

[0089] Fourthly, a processor is provided, comprising: an input circuit, an output circuit, and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to receive signals through the input circuit and transmit signals through the output circuit, causing the processor to execute the methods of the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0090] In specific implementation, the processor can be a chip, the input circuit can be an input pin, the output circuit can be an output pin, and the processing circuit can be a transistor, gate circuit, flip-flop, and various logic circuits. The input signal received by the input circuit can be received and input by, for example, but not limited to, a receiver, and the signal output by the output circuit can be output to, for example, but not limited to, a transmitter and transmitted by the transmitter. Furthermore, the input circuit and the output circuit can be the same circuit, which is used as the input circuit and the output circuit at different times. This application does not limit the specific implementation of the processor and various circuits.

[0091] Fifthly, a communication device is provided, characterized in that it includes: a processor, and optionally, a memory coupled to the processor, the processor being used to execute the methods of the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0092] Optionally, the processor may be one or more, and the memory may be one or more.

[0093] Optionally, the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory may be separated from the processor.

[0094] In specific implementation, the memory can be a non-transitory memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), which can be integrated with the processor on the same chip or set on different chips. The embodiments of this application do not limit the type of memory or the way the memory and processor are set.

[0095] Optionally, the processor includes at least one circuit for determining a short training sequence; and at least one circuit for transmitting the short training field through the transmitter.

[0096] The processing device in the fifth aspect above can be a chip. The processor can be implemented in hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, integrated circuit, etc. When implemented in software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor that reads software code stored in memory. The memory can be integrated into the processor or located outside the processor and exist independently.

[0097] Sixthly, a computer program is provided, which, when executed by a computer, performs the methods described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof. The program may be stored wholly or partially on a storage medium encapsulated with the processor, or it may be stored wholly or partially on a memory not encapsulated with the processor.

[0098] In a seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program comprising at least one piece of code executable by a computer to control the methods of the computer described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0099] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system for a method of sending short training fields applicable to embodiments of this application;

[0100] Figure 2 This is an internal structure diagram of a wireless access point applicable to embodiments of this application;

[0101] Figure 3 This is an internal structure diagram of a user site applicable to embodiments of this application;

[0102] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the 802.11ac VHT frame structure;

[0103] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a method for sending short training fields provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0104] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of HE-STF constructed from M sequences;

[0105] Figure 7 This is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for sending short training fields provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0106] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the network device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0107] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0108] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to various communication systems, such as: wireless local area network (WLAN) communication systems, global system of mobile communication (GSM) systems, code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems, general packet radio service (GPRS), long term evolution (LTE) systems, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, LTE time division duplex (TDD) systems, universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication systems, future 5th generation (5G) systems, or new radio (NR), etc.

[0109] The following is an illustrative example, using a WLAN system as an example, to describe the application scenarios and methods of the embodiments of this application.

[0110] Specifically, the embodiments of this application can be applied to wireless local area networks (WLANs), and can be applied to any of the protocols in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 series currently used in WLANs. A WLAN may include one or more basic service sets (BSSs), and the network nodes in the basic service set include access points (APs) and stations (STAs).

[0111] Specifically, in the embodiments of this application, the initiating device and the responding device can be a user station (STA) in a WLAN. The user station can also be referred to as a system, user unit, access terminal, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, user device, or user equipment (UE). The STA can be a cellular phone, cordless phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld device with wireless local area network (e.g., Wi-Fi) communication capability, wearable device, computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.

[0112] Alternatively, the initiating device and the responding device in this application embodiment can also be an access point (AP) in a WLAN. The AP can be used to communicate with the access terminal via a wireless local area network and transmit the access terminal's data to the network side, or transmit data from the network side to the access terminal.

[0113] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, let's first take... Figure 1 The communication system shown in the diagram is used as an example to describe in detail the communication system applicable to the embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 1 The system shown in the scenario could be a WLAN system. Figure 1 A WLAN system may include one or more access points (APs) and one or more STAs. Figure 1 Take one access point (AP) and three STAs as an example. The AP and STAs can communicate wirelessly using various standards. For example, the AP and STAs can use single-user multiple-input multiple-output (SU-MIMO) or multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technology for wireless communication.

[0114] An AP, also known as a wireless access point or hotspot, is an access point for mobile users to access a wired network. It is primarily deployed in homes, buildings, and campuses, but can also be deployed outdoors. An AP acts as a bridge connecting wired and wireless networks, its main function being to connect various wireless network clients together and then connect the wireless network to the Ethernet. Specifically, an AP can be a terminal device or network device with a wireless fidelity (WiFi) chip. Optionally, an AP can be a device that supports multiple WLAN standards such as 802.11. Figure 2 The diagram shows the internal structure of an AP product, which can be either multi-antenna or single-antenna. Figure 2 In this application, the access point (AP) includes physical layer (PHY) processing circuitry and media access control (MAC) processing circuitry. The PHY processing circuitry processes physical layer signals, and the MAC processing circuitry processes MAC layer signals. The 802.11 standard focuses on the PHY and MAC components; this application's embodiments focus on the protocol design for the MAC and PHY.

[0115] STA products are typically terminal products that support the 802.11 series standards, such as mobile phones and laptops. Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of a single-antenna STA. In real-world scenarios, a STA can also have multiple antennas, and may even be a device with two or more antennas. Figure 3 In this context, the STA can include physical layer (PHY) processing circuitry and media access control (MAC) processing circuitry. The physical layer processing circuitry can be used to process physical layer signals, and the MAC layer processing circuitry can be used to process MAC layer signals.

[0116] To significantly improve the service transmission rate of WLAN systems, the IEEE 802.11ax standard further adopts Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology on the basis of the existing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology. OFDMA technology supports multiple nodes to send and receive data simultaneously, thereby achieving multi-site diversity gain.

[0117] The evolution of 802.11a through 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac to 802.11ax has utilized 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. As more frequency bands became available, the maximum channel bandwidth supported by 802.11 expanded from 20 MHz to 40 MHz and then to 160 MHz. In 2017, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) opened a new free frequency band, 6 GHz (5925-7125 MHz). In their project authorization requests (PARs), 802.11ax standard builders extended the operating range of 802.11ax devices from 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz to 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz. Given the significantly larger available bandwidth in the newly opened 6 GHz band, it is foreseeable that the next generation of standards after 802.11ax will support channel bandwidths greater than 160 MHz.

[0118] Each generation of mainstream 802.11 protocols is compatible with legacy sites. For example, the earliest generation of mainstream WiFi, 802.11a, started its frame structure with a preamble and included a legacy-short training field (L-STF), a legacy-long training field (L-LTF), and a legacy-signal field (L-SIG). In later versions of 802.11 and the currently finalized 802.11ax, to maintain compatibility with legacy sites, their frame structures all begin with a legacy preamble. Following the legacy preamble are the newly defined signaling field, short training field, and long training field for each generation. The short training field (STF) following the legacy preamble is abbreviated as the extremely high throughput short training field (EHT-STF) to distinguish it from L-STF. When transmitting through a channel bandwidth greater than 20MHz, L-STF replicates and retransmits the data every 20MHz of channel bandwidth. However, EHT-STFs introduced after 802.111a define new sequences for channel bandwidths greater than 20MHz. For example, the STFs defined in 802.11ac, namely Very High Throughput-Short Training Field (VHT-STF), define sequences for 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, and 160MHz, respectively. Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4A schematic diagram of the 802.11ac VHT frame structure is shown. Similarly, the high efficiency-short training field (HE-STF) defined by 802.11ax also supports a maximum channel bandwidth of 160MHz. For example... Figure 4 The diagram includes the following fields: legacy-training field (L-TF), duplicate legacy-training field (Dup L-TF), legacy-signalfield (L-SIG), duplicate legacy-signal field (Dup L-SIG), very high throughput-signal-A (VHT-SIG-A), duplicate very high throughput-signal-A (Dup VHT-SIG-A), very high throughput-short training field (VHT-STF), very high throughput-long training field (VHT-LTF), very high throughput-signal-B (VHT-SIG-B), and very high throughput data (VHT Data).

[0119] The protocol specifies that the HE-STF time-domain waveform contains five repetition cycles, primarily used to enhance the estimation of automatic gain control (AGC) circuitry under multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission. Therefore, a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is desirable. As mentioned above, the next-generation 802.11 protocol is expected to support channel bandwidths greater than 160MHz.

[0120] Therefore, new short training sequences need to be designed for the new channel bandwidth. In view of this, this application proposes a short training sequence design for the next-generation STF for the new channel bandwidth.

[0121] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, a brief introduction to several terms or nouns involved in this application will be given below.

[0122] 1. Subcarrier: Wireless communication signals have limited bandwidth. OFDM technology can divide the bandwidth into multiple frequency components at certain frequency intervals within the channel bandwidth. These components are called subcarriers.

[0123] 2. Short training sequences

[0124] The main uses of short training sequences are signal detection, automatic gain control (AGC), symbol timing, and coarse frequency offset estimation. Different sequences can be defined for different maximum channel bandwidths. For example, the HE-STF defined by 802.11ax supports a maximum channel bandwidth of 160MHz. This application targets a channel bandwidth greater than 160MHz; therefore, for distinction, it is referred to as EHT-STF in this embodiment. It should be understood that EHT-STF is used to represent a short training field with a bandwidth greater than 160MHz, and its specific name does not limit the scope of protection of this embodiment.

[0125] Short training sequences can be constructed based on M-sequences. For example, according to the 802.11ax standard, the high-efficiency sequence (HES) of HE-STF is constructed based on M-sequences through multiplexing, phase rotation, and splicing. The M-sequence is the most basic pseudo-noise sequence (PN sequence) currently used in CDMA systems. The M-sequence is short for the longest linear feedback shift register sequence. In the 802.11ax standard, the M-sequence is defined as M = {-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1}.

[0126] It should be noted that its specific name does not limit the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application. For example, it can also be called a frequency domain sequence, etc.

[0127] 3. Peak-to-average power ratio

[0128] Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) refers to the ratio of the peak power of a continuous signal to its average power within a symbol. It can be expressed by the following formula:

[0129]

[0130] in,

[0131] X i , representing the time-domain discrete values ​​of a sequence;

[0132] max(Xi 2 ), representing the maximum value of the square of the discrete time-domain values;

[0133] mean(X i 2 ), which represents the average of the squares of the discrete values ​​in the time domain.

[0134] The protocol specifies that the time-domain waveform of HE-STF contains 5 repetition cycles, which are mainly used to enhance the estimation of AGC under MIMO transmission. Therefore, it is required that the PAPR of the sequence be as small as possible.

[0135] It should be noted that, in the implementation of this application, "protocol" may refer to standard protocols in the field of communications, such as LTE protocol, NR protocol, WLAN protocol, and related protocols applied in future communication systems. This application does not limit this term.

[0136] It should also be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, "pre-acquisition" may include indication by network device signaling or pre-definition, such as protocol definition. "Pre-definition" can be achieved by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means of indicating relevant information in the device (e.g., including terminal devices and network devices), and this application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, pre-definition can refer to what is defined in the protocol.

[0137] It should also be noted that the term "storage" in the embodiments of this application can refer to storage in one or more memories. These memories can be separate installations or integrated into an encoder, decoder, processor, or communication device. Alternatively, some memories can be separately installed, while others are integrated into the decoder, processor, or communication device. The type of memory can be any form of storage medium, and this application is not limited to this.

[0138] It should also be noted that in the embodiments of this application, "of", "corresponding, relevant" and "corresponding" can sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be pointed out that when the distinction is not emphasized, their meanings are consistent.

[0139] It should also be noted that in the embodiments shown below, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are merely for distinguishing different objects and should not constitute any limitation on this application. For example, distinguishing different channel bandwidths, etc.

[0140] It should also be noted that "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one" refers to one or more; "at least one of A and B," similar to "A and / or B," describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, at least one of A and B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The technical solution provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0141] It should be understood that the technical solution of this application can be applied to wireless communication systems, for example, Figure 1 The wireless communication system shown. Figure 5 This is a schematic block diagram of a method for sending short training fields provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 The method 200 shown includes steps 210 and 220:

[0142] Step 210: Determine the short training sequence;

[0143] Step 220: A short training field is transmitted on the target channel. This short training field is obtained by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the training sequence. The bandwidth of the target channel is greater than 160MHz.

[0144] In this embodiment, to distinguish it from traditional short training fields, the short training field corresponding to the bandwidth of the target channel is represented by EHT-STF. It should be understood that EHT-STF is used to represent short training fields corresponding to bandwidths greater than 160MHz, and its specific name does not limit the scope of protection of this embodiment.

[0145] In this embodiment, the bandwidth of the target channel is greater than 160MHz. This embodiment uses two examples with target channel bandwidths of 240MHz and 320MHz for illustrative purposes. It should be understood that this embodiment is not limited to these examples; for instance, the bandwidth of the target channel could also be 200MHz, 280MHz, etc.

[0146] Example 1: The target channel bandwidth is 240MHz

[0147] EHT-STF is obtained by transforming the frequency domain sequence of EHT-STF using IFFT. For ease of description in this application, the frequency domain sequence of EHT-STF is represented as a short training sequence S (sequence), and the EHT-STF may include multiple periods, each with a duration of 0.8 μs or 1.6 μs. For simplicity, in this embodiment, the duration of the periods included in the EHT-STF is denoted as the period length. In this embodiment, the EHT-STF of the target channel bandwidth is described using two scenarios with period lengths of 0.8 μs and 1.6 μs.

[0148] Scenario 1: Period length is 0.8μs

[0149] In the embodiments of this application, the short training sequence S corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs can be determined by at least the following three methods.

[0150] The 240MHz bandwidth has a total of 1024 × 3 = 3072 subcarriers, with 12 and 11 guard subcarriers on the left and right edges respectively, and 5 DC subcarriers in the middle of the bandwidth. Furthermore, when the period length of the short training field is 0.8μs, the short training sequence corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF can be represented as S. -1520:16:1520 Here, -1520 and 1520 represent the index numbers of the starting subcarrier, and 16 represents the interval. -1520:16:1520 means starting from the subcarrier with index -1520, every 16 subcarriers up to the subcarrier with index 1520. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0.

[0151] Method 1

[0152] Based on the frequency domain sequence HES of the reference channel, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs at 240MHz is determined.

[0153] Regarding HES, the 802.11ax standard defines the HES value in the frequency domain for HE-STF. a:b:c Here, a and c represent the indices of the starting subcarrier, and b represents the interval. a:b:c means starting from subcarrier a, every b subcarriers to subcarrier c. On other subcarriers, the HES value is 0. During transmission, the frequency domain value undergoes an inverse Fourier transform to obtain the time domain waveform.

[0154] Taking a reference channel bandwidth of 80MHz as an example, optionally, the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a channel bandwidth of 240MHz can be expressed as:

[0155] or

[0156] or

[0157] or

[0158] or

[0159] or

[0160] or

[0161] or

[0162] or

[0163] or

[0164]

[0165] in,

[0166]

[0167] HES 左1 For HES -496:16:496 In the portion to the left of subcarrier 0, HES 右1 For HES -496:16:496 The portion to the right of subcarrier 0;

[0168] HES -496:16:496 The HES corresponding to 80MHz and a period length of 0.8μs;

[0169] L1 is represented as {M,1,-M}, R1 as {-M,1,-M}, -L1 as {-M,-1,M}, and -R1 as {M,-1,M}.

[0170] As mentioned earlier, the short training sequence corresponding to a 240MHz EHT-STF can be represented as S. -1520:16:1520 Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequences correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​from the subcarrier with index -1520, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 1520.

[0171] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, L (e.g., L1, L2, L3, L4) and R (e.g., R1, R2, R3, R4), or HES, are used. 左 (e.g., HES) 左1 HES 左2 ) and HES 右 (e.g., HES) 右1 HES右2 The symbols L1 and R1 represent the HES (Hyperesqueness Equivalent) to the left and right of the 0 subcarrier at 80 MHz and a period length of 0.8 μs, respectively; L2 and R2 represent the HES to the left and right of the 0 subcarrier at 80 MHz and a period length of 1.6 μs, respectively; L3 and R3 represent the HES to the left and right of the 0 subcarrier at 160 MHz and a period length of 0.8 μs, respectively; and L4 and R4 represent the HES to the left and right of the 0 subcarrier at 160 MHz and a period length of 1.6 μs, respectively. Furthermore,

[0172] It should also be noted that the L (e.g., L1, L2, L3, L4) and R (e.g., R1, R2, R3, R4) mentioned above are only used to represent the left and right parts of the 0 subcarrier, and their names (e.g., L1, L2, L3, L4, R1, R2, R3, R4, etc.) do not limit the scope of protection to be implemented in this application.

[0173] It should be understood that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a channel bandwidth of 240 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0174] As can be seen from the above, by using Method 1, a short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 240MHz can be obtained based on the HES transform specified in the standard.

[0175] Method 2

[0176] Based on the M sequence, a short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 240MHz is obtained.

[0177] Specifically, substituting L1 as {M,1,-M}, R1 as {-M,1,-M}, -L1 as {-M,-1,M}, and -R1 as {M,-1,M}, we can derive the short training sequence S corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs as:

[0178] or

[0179] or

[0180] or

[0181] or

[0182] or

[0183] or

[0184] or

[0185] or

[0186] or

[0187]

[0188] Similarly, as mentioned earlier, the short training sequence corresponding to a 240MHz EHT-STF can be represented as S -1520:16:1520 Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequences correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​from the subcarrier with index -1520, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 1520.

[0189] It should be noted that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a channel bandwidth of 240 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0190] As can be seen from the above, by using method two, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 240MHz can be obtained based on the M sequence transformation.

[0191] Method 3

[0192] The short training sequence S corresponding to EHT-STF in Method 1 or Method 2 can be directly cached or stored locally. When needed, the short training sequence S corresponding to EHT-STF can be directly retrieved from the local machine.

[0193] It should be understood that the above three methods are merely illustrative examples and are not limited to this application. Any method that can obtain the above-mentioned 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs falls within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0194] The aforementioned 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs can be obtained through simulation calculations. For example, if Method 1 is used, it can be calculated based on a stored HE-STF using the corresponding formula. Similarly, if Method 2 is used, it can be calculated based on a stored or protocol-defined M-sequence using the corresponding formula. These will be explained in detail below.

[0195] Specifically, in the embodiments of this application, the short training sequence corresponding to the bandwidth of the target channel can be designed based on the short training sequence of the existing channel bandwidth (i.e., an example of the bandwidth of the reference channel). For simplicity, the short training sequence of the bandwidth of the reference channel is simply referred to as the reference short training sequence. Hereinafter, without loss of generality, taking HE-STF as the reference short training field and EHT-STF as the target short training field as an example, the method of designing the short training sequence S corresponding to 240MHz EHT-STF in the embodiments of this application is described in detail.

[0196] The short training sequence (HES) corresponding to the HE-STF with the bandwidth of the reference channel can be obtained in advance, or it can be directly adopted from the short training sequence (HES) corresponding to the HE-STF with the bandwidth of the existing reference channel specified in the standard. This application embodiment does not limit this. The main consideration of this application embodiment is to design a short training sequence with a larger channel bandwidth based on the short training sequence with the existing channel bandwidth.

[0197] According to the embodiments of this application, considering backward compatibility, based on the short training sequence HES corresponding to the existing channel bandwidth STF, such as the short training sequence HES corresponding to HE-STF, a short training sequence with a larger channel bandwidth, such as the short training sequence S corresponding to EHT-STF, is designed.

[0198] To make it easier to understand, let me first briefly introduce the design of the short training sequence HES corresponding to HE-STF in 802.11ax.

[0199] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of HE-STF constructed from M sequences is shown. Figure 6 Figure (1) shows the repeating structure. Specifically, the 20MHz HE-STF consists of one M sequence; the 40MHz HE-STF is composed of two 20MHz HE-STFs (i.e., two M sequences) spliced ​​together; similarly, the 80MHz HE-STF is composed of four 20MHz HE-STFs spliced ​​together. To ensure that the HE-STF contains five repeating periods in the time domain and to minimize the PAPR of the HE-STF, additional parameter values ​​and rotation factors can be used for adjustment and optimization, such as... Figure 6Figure (2) shows the HE-STF structure. Specifically, a 20MHz HE-STF consists of one M-sequence; a 40MHz HE-STF is formed by concatenating two 20MHz HE-STFs (i.e., two M-sequences) multiplied by a rotation factor C; similarly, an 80MHz HE-STF is formed by concatenating four 20MHz HE-STFs multiplied by a rotation factor. A parameter value A needs to be inserted between every two M-sequences to ensure that the HE-STF contains five repetition periods in the time domain. An exception is that OFDM modulation requires the DC subcarrier to be zero. Therefore, by optimizing these A and C values, the PAPR of the HE-STF can be minimized. Figure 6 In Figure (2), the rotation factor C includes {c1,c2,c3,c4,……}, and the parameter value A includes {a1,a2,a3,a4,……}.

[0200] As mentioned earlier, 802.11ax defines two HE-STF periods with different frame structures: 0.8μs and 1.6μs. Additionally, 802.11ax supports four channel bandwidths: 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, and 160MHz. Each bandwidth and length corresponds to a specific HE-STF, therefore the frequency domain value HES of the HE-STF is... a:b:c There are 8 types in total.

[0201] The frequency domain sequences with different optimized channel bandwidths are introduced below for two cases with lengths of 0.8μs and 1.6μs, respectively.

[0202] Scenario 1: Frequency domain sequence of HE-STF with a duration of 0.8 μs

[0203] The channel has a bandwidth of 20MHz, a 0.8μs HE-STF, and a total of 256 subcarriers with indices ranging from -127 to 128. Subcarriers with an index of 0 correspond to the DC component, while subcarriers with negative and positive indices correspond to frequency components below and above DC, respectively.

[0204] Among them, HES -112:16:112 It can be expressed by the following formula:

[0205] HES0 = 0, and the values ​​of other subcarriers in the frequency domain are all 0.

[0206] in,

[0207] HES -112:16:112 , representing the 20MHz HE-STF frequency domain sequence, specifically, the values ​​of the subcarriers with subscripts -112, -96, -80, -64, -48, -32, -16, 0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, 112 in the frequency domain;

[0208] Other subcarriers refer to the subcarriers in the index range of -127 to 128, excluding the subcarriers with indices of -112, -96, -80, -64, -48, -32, -16, 0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, and 112.

[0209] The above formula expands to:

[0210]

[0211] Therefore, the frequency domain values ​​of the subcarriers with indices -112, -96, -80, -64, -48, -32, -16, 0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, and 112 are respectively:

[0212]

[0213] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the formula involves something similar to HES. -112:16:112 The expressions used here convey similar meanings. For the sake of brevity, further details will not be provided.

[0214] It should also be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly indicated, the values ​​of other subcarriers in the frequency domain are all 0 in the following formula descriptions. For the sake of simplicity, they will not be elaborated further.

[0215] The channel bandwidth is 40MHz, with a 0.8μs HE-STF, and a total of 512 subcarriers, with indices ranging from -255 to 256. Among these, HES... -240:16:240 It can be expressed by the following formula:

[0216]

[0217] Among them, HES -240:16:240 This represents a 40MHz HE-STF frequency domain sequence.

[0218] The channel bandwidth is 80MHz, with a 0.8μs HE-STF, and a total of 1024 subcarriers, with indices ranging from -511 to 512. Among these, HES... -496:16:496 It can be expressed by the following formula:

[0219]

[0220] Among them, HES -496:16:496 This represents an 80MHz HE-STF frequency domain sequence.

[0221] The channel bandwidth is 160MHz, with a 0.8μs HE-STF, and a total of 2048 subcarriers, with indices ranging from -1023 to 1024. Among these, HES... -1008:16:1008 It can be expressed by the following formula:

[0222]

[0223] Among them, HES -1008:16:1008 This represents a 160MHz HE-STF frequency domain sequence.

[0224] Scenario 2: Frequency domain sequence of HE-STF with a duration of 1.6 μs

[0225] The channel bandwidth is 20MHz, with a 1.6μs HE-STF, and a total of 256 subcarriers, with subscripts ranging from -127 to 128. Among them, HES... -112:8:112 It can be expressed by the following formula:

[0226] HES0 = 0, and the values ​​of other subcarriers in the frequency domain are all 0.

[0227] Similar to scenario one, in which,

[0228] HES -112:8:112 , representing the 20MHz HE-STF frequency domain sequence, specifically, the values ​​of the subcarriers in the frequency domain with subscripts -112, -104, -96, -88, -80, -72, -64, -56, -48, -40, -32, -24, -16, -8, 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112;

[0229] Other subcarriers refer to the subcarriers in the index range of -127 to 128, excluding the subcarriers with indices of -112, -104, -96, -88, -80, -72, -64, -56, -48, -40, -32, -24, -16, -8, 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, and 112.

[0230] The above formula expands to:

[0231]

[0232]

[0233] Therefore, the frequency domain values ​​of the subcarriers with indices -112, -104, -96, -88, -80, -72, -64, -56, -48, -40, -32, -24, -16, -8, 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, and 112 are as follows:

[0234]

[0235] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the formula involves something similar to HES. -112:8:112 The expressions used here convey similar meanings. For the sake of brevity, further details will not be provided.

[0236] It should also be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly indicated, the values ​​of other subcarriers in the frequency domain are all 0 in the following formula descriptions. For the sake of simplicity, they will not be elaborated further.

[0237] The channel bandwidth is 40MHz, with a 1.6μs HE-STF, and a total of 512 subcarriers, with indices ranging from -255 to 256. Among these, HES... -248:8:248 It can be expressed by the following formula:

[0238]

[0239] Among them, HES -248:8:248 This represents a 40MHz HE-STF frequency domain sequence.

[0240] The channel bandwidth is 80MHz, with a 1.6μs HE-STF, and a total of 1024 subcarriers, with indices ranging from -511 to 512. Among these, HES... -504:8:504 It can be expressed by the following formula:

[0241]

[0242] HES ±504 =0.

[0243] Among them, HES -504:8:504 This represents an 80MHz HE-STF frequency domain sequence.

[0244] The channel bandwidth is 160MHz, with a 1.6μs HE-STF, and a total of 2048 subcarriers, with indices ranging from -1023 to 1024. Among these, HES... -1016:8:1016 It can be expressed by the following formula:

[0245]

[0246] HES ±8 =0, HES±1016 =0.

[0247] Among them, HES -1016:8:1016 This represents a 160MHz HE-STF frequency domain sequence.

[0248] In the above formula, In the complex plane, this means rotating a certain value counterclockwise by 45° while maintaining energy uniformity. Similarly, This involves rotating a certain value counterclockwise by 225°. Therefore, based on the M-sequence, HE-STFs under different channel bandwidths were obtained, ensuring optimized PAPR. Table 1 lists the PAPRs of the above eight HE-STFs.

[0249] Table 1

[0250]

[0251]

[0252] In the embodiments of this application, the rotation factor C and parameter set A are optimized to design an EHT-STF with a larger channel bandwidth (i.e., an example of the bandwidth of the target channel).

[0253] Alternatively, an 80MHz HE-STF can be used as a basis to optimize the rotation factor C and parameter set A to design a 240MHz EHT-STF.

[0254] Specifically, a 240MHz bandwidth channel can be constructed by splicing together three 80MHz channels. Before explaining the EHT-STF design that supports a 240MHz bandwidth channel, we will first introduce the 240MHz subcarrier allocation pattern (toneplane).

[0255] As mentioned earlier, the 802.11ax standard specifies an 80MHz bandwidth channel with a total of 1024 subcarriers in a tone plane, with indices ranging from -511 to 512. There are 12 and 11 guard subcarriers at the left and right edges of the bandwidth, respectively, and 5 DC subcarriers in the middle of the bandwidth. The 240MHz channel bandwidth tone plan designed in this application consists of three existing 80MHz tone planes directly spliced ​​together, meaning that the left and right edge subcarriers of the three 80MHz planes and their respective middle self-flowing subcarriers are all retained. Thus, the 240MHz bandwidth has a total of 1024 × 3 = 3072 subcarriers, with 12 and 11 guard subcarriers at the left and right edges, respectively, and 5 DC subcarriers in the middle of the bandwidth.

[0256] Therefore, based on the frequency domain sequence HES of the 80MHz HE-STF defined in 802.11ax, a frequency domain sequence S of the 240MHz EHT-STF is designed. As mentioned earlier, the EHT-STF is obtained by IFFT transformation of the frequency domain sequence of the EHT-STF, and the EHT-STF can include multiple periods, each with a duration of 0.8μs or 1.6μs. Therefore, in this embodiment, both period lengths of 0.8μs and 1.6μs are possible.

[0257] When the period length is 0.8 μs, the corresponding short training sequence S of the 240 MHz EHT-STF can be expressed as:

[0258]

[0259] Alternatively, the formula can also be expressed as:

[0260]

[0261] When the period length is 1.6 μs, the corresponding short training sequence S of the 240 MHz EHT-STF can be expressed as:

[0262]

[0263] Alternatively, the formula can also be expressed as:

[0264]

[0265] in,

[0266] a i The value of is {-1, 0, 1}, and i = 1, 2, 3, 4;

[0267] c j The value of is {-1, 1}, and j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

[0268] S -1520:16:1520 , representing the frequency domain sequence of the EHT-STF at 240MHz with a period length of 0.8μs;

[0269] S -1528:8:1528 , representing the frequency domain sequence of the EHT-STF at 240MHz with a period length of 1.6μs;

[0270] HES 左1 For HES -496:16:496 In the portion to the left of subcarrier 0, HES 右1 For HES -496:16:496 The portion to the right of subcarrier 0;

[0271]

[0272] HES 左2 For HES -504:8:504 In the portion to the left of subcarrier 0, HES 右2 For HES -504:8:504 The portion to the right of subcarrier 0;

[0273]

[0274] It should be noted that any variations of the above formulas (1-1), (1-2), (1-3), and (1-4) fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. In the embodiments of this application, for the sake of simplicity, they are all described in the form of formulas (1-1) and (1-3).

[0275] Therefore, in scenario one, i.e., with a period length of 0.8 μs, the frequency domain sequence HES based on the 80MHz HE-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs defined in 802.11ax is... -496:16:496 The detailed design formula for the short training sequence of the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs is as follows:

[0276]

[0277] in,

[0278] a i The value of is {-1, 0, 1}, and i = 1, 2, 3, 4;

[0279] c j The value of is {-1, 1}, and j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

[0280] S -1520:16:1520 This indicates a 240MHz EHT-STF frequency domain sequence;

[0281] HES -496:16:-16 That is, HES -496:16:496 In the portion to the left of subcarrier 0, HES 16:16:496 For HES -496:16:496 The portion to the right of subcarrier 0.

[0282] For simplicity, the above formula can also be designed as:

[0283]

[0284] Therefore, when obtaining the short training sequence corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs using Method 1, it can be based on the stored HES. -496:16:-16 and HES 16:16:496The result can be obtained using the formula (2-1) above. Alternatively, when obtaining the short training sequence corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs using method two, it can be obtained based on the M sequence using the formula (2-2) above.

[0285] According to formula (2-1) or (2-2) above, the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a 240MHz frequency and a period length of 0.8μs can be obtained. Furthermore, through simulation calculations, such as adjusting a... i and c i This is to ensure that the PAPR of the short training sequence corresponding to EHT-STF is less than or equal to a preset first threshold, thereby obtaining a sequence with better performance.

[0286] Specifically, S (i.e., S -1520:16:1520 The discrete time-domain value X of each sequence can be obtained by inverse Fourier transform and 5x oversampling, and then PAPR can be calculated according to the following formula (3).

[0287]

[0288] Specifically, after 2 6 ×3 4 =768 exhaustive searches can yield all possible S -1520:16:1520 And the corresponding PAPR value, and finally compare them to obtain the S with the smallest PAPR. -1520:16:1520 Table 2 shows the optimal 10 sets of training sequences S for a 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs, based on the short training sequences corresponding to an 80MHz HE-STF with a period length of 0.8μs. i and c i .

[0289] The preset threshold (i.e., an example of a preset first threshold) can be set by exhaustively searching through parameter sets A and C, based on the minimum PAPR obtained during the exhaustive search (as shown in Table 2, which lists the ten results with the minimum PAPR); or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search with the properties of the sequence itself; or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search with pre-set parameters; or, it can be predetermined; or, the preset threshold can be obtained from multiple experimental results, etc.

[0290] Table 2. Parameter set values ​​for the short training sequence S corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs.

[0291] Serial Number <![CDATA[a1]]> <![CDATA[a2]]> <![CDATA[a3]]> <![CDATA[a4]]> <![CDATA[c1]]> <![CDATA[c2]]> <![CDATA[c3]]> <![CDATA[c4]]> <![CDATA[c5]]> <![CDATA[c6]]> PAPR (dB) 1 1 1 0 0 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 4.8999 2 -1 -1 0 0 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 4.8999 3 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 4.9376 4 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 4.9376 5 1 1 1 0 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 4.959 6 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 4.959 7 0 0 -1 0 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 4.966 8 0 0 1 0 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 4.966 9 1 0 -1 0 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 4.9725 10 -1 0 1 0 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 4.9725

[0292] 'a' from the ten sets of results i and c i Substituting the values ​​into the above formulas, we can derive the short training sequence corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs as follows:

[0293] or

[0294] or

[0295] or

[0296] or

[0297] or

[0298] or

[0299] or

[0300] or

[0301] or

[0302]

[0303] Substituting L1 into {M,1,-M}, R1 into {-M,1,-M}, -L1 into {-M,-1,M}, and -R1 into {M,-1,M}, we can obtain the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a frequency of 240MHz and a period length of 0.8μs.

[0304] It should be understood that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a channel bandwidth of 240 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0305] As shown above, L1 and R1 are sequences related to the short training sequence corresponding to the 80MHz short training field with a period length of 0.8μs. Therefore, the 240MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 80MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 240MHz short training sequence can support automatic gain control on large bandwidth (bandwidth greater than 160MHz) channels. Simulation verification shows that, comparing the PAPR in Table 2 with the PAPR of 802.11ax (Table 1), these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power, supporting automatic gain control on large bandwidth channels and improving the estimation effect of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate. Therefore, the short training sequence proposed in this application for large channel bandwidth can control the PAPR very low.

[0306] Scenario 2: Period length is 1.6μs

[0307] Similarly, in the embodiments of this application, the short training sequence S corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs can be determined by at least the following three methods.

[0308] The 240MHz bandwidth has a total of 1024 × 3 = 3072 subcarriers, with 12 and 11 guard subcarriers on the left and right edges respectively, and 5 DC subcarriers in the middle of the bandwidth. Furthermore, when the period length of the short training field is 1.6μs, the short training sequence corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF can be represented as S. -1528:8:1528 Here, -1528 and 1528 represent the index numbers of the starting subcarrier, and 8 represents the interval. -1528:8:1528 means starting from the subcarrier with index -1528, every 8 subcarriers up to the subcarrier with index 1528. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0.

[0309] Method 1

[0310] Based on the frequency domain sequence HES of the reference channel bandwidth, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency domain sequence of 240MHz is determined.

[0311] Taking a reference channel bandwidth of 80MHz as an example, optionally, the short training sequence corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a target channel bandwidth of 240MHz can be represented as:

[0312] or

[0313] or

[0314] or

[0315] or

[0316] or

[0317] or

[0318] or

[0319] or

[0320] or

[0321]

[0322] in,

[0323] HES -504:8:-8 For HES -504:8:504 The portion to the left of subcarrier 0;

[0324] HES 8:8:504 For HES -504:8:504 The portion to the right of subcarrier 0;

[0325] HES -504:8:504 The frequency domain sequence corresponding to 80MHz and a period length of 1.6μs;

[0326] L2 is represented as {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M}, R2 is represented as {-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, -L2 = {-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M}, and -R2 is represented as {M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}.

[0327] As mentioned earlier, the short training sequence corresponding to a 240MHz EHT-STF can be represented as S. -1528:8:1528 Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequences correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​starting from the subcarrier with index -1528, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 1528.

[0328] It should be understood that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a channel bandwidth of 240 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0329] As can be seen from the above, by using Method 1, a short training sequence corresponding to EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 240MHz can be obtained based on the HES transform specified in the standard.

[0330] Method 2

[0331] Based on the M sequence, a short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 240MHz is obtained.

[0332] Specifically, substituting L2 as {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M}, R2 as {-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, -L2 = {-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M}, and -R2 as {M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}, we can derive the short training sequence corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs as:

[0333] or

[0334] or

[0335] or

[0336] or

[0337] or

[0338] or

[0339] or

[0340] or

[0341] or

[0342] As mentioned earlier, the short training sequence corresponding to a 240MHz EHT-STF can be represented as S. -1528:8:1528 Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequences correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​starting from the subcarrier with index -1528, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 1528.

[0343] It should be understood that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a channel bandwidth of 240 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0344] As can be seen from the above, by using method two, a short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 240MHz can be obtained based on the M-sequence transformation.

[0345] Method 3

[0346] The short training sequences corresponding to EHT-STF in Method 1 or Method 2 above can be directly cached or stored locally. When needed, the short training sequences corresponding to EHT-STF can be directly obtained from the local machine.

[0347] It should be understood that the above three methods are merely illustrative examples and are not limited to these. Any method that can obtain the short training sequence corresponding to the above-mentioned 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs is within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0348] Similar to Scenario 1, the short training sequence corresponding to the aforementioned 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs can be obtained through simulation calculation. For example, if Method 1 is used, it can be calculated using the corresponding formula based on the stored short training sequence corresponding to HE-STF. Similarly, if Method 2 is used, it can be calculated using the corresponding formula based on the stored or protocol-defined M-sequence.

[0349] Specifically, the aforementioned ten sets of sequences can also be based on the frequency domain sequence HES of the HE-STF defined in 802.11ax as 80MHz with a period length of 1.6μs. -504:8:504 Design. The detailed design formula is as follows:

[0350]

[0351] Similarly, among them,

[0352] a i The value of is {-1, 0, 1}, and i = 1, 2, 3, 4;

[0353] c j The value of is {-1, 1}, and j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

[0354] Similarly, when obtaining the short training sequence corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs using Method 1, it can be based on the stored HES. -504:8:-8 and HES 8:8:504 The above formula (4) is used to obtain the sequence. Alternatively, when obtaining the short training sequence corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs through method two, it can be obtained based on the M sequence using the above formula (4).

[0355] According to formula (4) above, the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a frequency of 240MHz and a period length of 1.6μs can be obtained. Furthermore, through simulation calculations, such as adjusting a... i and c i This is to ensure that the PAPR of the short training sequence corresponding to EHT-STF is less than or equal to a preset second threshold, thereby obtaining a sequence with better performance.

[0356] Specifically, after 2 6 ×3 4 =768 exhaustive searches can yield all possible S -1528:8:1528 And the corresponding PAPR value, and finally compare them to obtain the S with the smallest PAPR. -1528:8:1528 Table 3 shows the short training sequences corresponding to the 80MHz, 1.6μs HE-STF. When designing short training sequences for the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs, the optimal 10 sets of S are a. i and c i .

[0357] The preset threshold (i.e., an example of a preset second threshold) can be set by exhaustively searching through parameter sets A and C, based on the minimum PAPR obtained during the exhaustive search (as shown in Table 3, which lists the ten sets of results with the minimum PAPR); or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search with the properties of the sequence itself; or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search with the preset parameters; or, it can be predetermined; or, the preset threshold can be obtained from multiple experimental results, etc.

[0358] Table 3. Parameter set values ​​for the short training sequence S corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs.

[0359] Serial Number <![CDATA[a1]]> <![CDATA[a2]]> <![CDATA[a3]]> <![CDATA[a4]]> <![CDATA[c1]]> <![CDATA[c2]]> <![CDATA[c3]]> <![CDATA[c4]]> <![CDATA[c5]]> <![CDATA[c6]]> PAPR (dB) 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 6.6498 2 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 6.6498 3 0 -1 1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 6.6997 4 0 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 6.6997 5 -1 -1 1 0 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 6.7272 6 1 1 -1 0 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 6.7272 7 -1 -1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 6.7826 8 1 1 0 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 6.7826 9 -1 0 1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 6.7929 10 1 0 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 6.7929

[0360] 'a' from the ten sets of results i and c i Substituting the values ​​into formula (4) above, we can obtain the short training sequence corresponding to the 240MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs, which can be expressed as:

[0361] or

[0362] or

[0363] or

[0364] or

[0365] or

[0366] or

[0367] or

[0368] or

[0369] or

[0370]

[0371] Substituting L2 into {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M}, R2 into {-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, -L2 = {-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M}, and -R2 into {M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}, we can obtain the short training sequence corresponding to EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs at 240MHz.

[0372] It should be understood that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a channel bandwidth of 240 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0373] As shown above, L2 and R2 are sequences associated with the 80MHz, 1.6μs short training sequence. Therefore, the 240MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 80MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 240MHz short training sequence can support automatic gain control (AVR) on large bandwidth channels (bandwidth greater than 160MHz). Simulation verification shows that comparing the PAPR in Table 3 with the PAPR of 802.11ax (Table 1), these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power (PAPR), enabling them to support AVR on large bandwidth channels and improve the estimation performance of the receiver's AVR circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate. Therefore, the short training sequence proposed in this application for large channel bandwidth can achieve a very low PAPR.

[0374] Example 2: The target channel bandwidth is 320MHz

[0375] The following examples, with period lengths of 0.8 μs and 1.6 μs, illustrate the short training sequence S corresponding to the 320 MHz EHT-STF.

[0376] Scenario 1: Period length is 0.8μs

[0377] When the period length is 0.8 μs and the target channel bandwidth is 320 MHz, the resulting EHT-STF at 320 MHz differs based on the HE-STF of the reference channel with different bandwidths. Below, we will explain the different representations of the 320 MHz EHT-STF using both method A and method B.

[0378] Method A

[0379] Based on the short training sequence corresponding to HE-STF with a period length of 0.8μs at 80MHz, a short training sequence S corresponding to EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz is obtained.

[0380] The 320MHz bandwidth has a total of 1024 × 4 = 4096 subcarriers, with 12 and 11 guard subcarriers on the left and right edges respectively, and 11 + 12 = 23 DC subcarriers in the middle of the bandwidth. When the period length of the short training field is 0.8μs, the short training sequence can be represented as S. -2032:16:2032 Here, -2032 and 2032 represent the index numbers of the starting subcarrier, and 16 represents the interval. -2032:16:2032 means starting from the subcarrier with index -2032, every 16 subcarriers up to the subcarrier with index 2032. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0.

[0381] Similarly, in the embodiments of this application, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be determined by at least the following three methods.

[0382] Method 1

[0383] Based on the frequency domain sequence HES of the reference channel, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz is determined.

[0384] Optionally, when the period length is 0.8 μs and the target channel bandwidth is 320 MHz, the short training sequence S corresponding to EHT-STF can be expressed as:

[0385] or

[0386] or

[0387] or

[0388] or

[0389] or

[0390] or

[0391] or

[0392] or

[0393] or

[0394]

[0395] Similarly,

[0396]

[0397] HES -496:16:496 The HES corresponding to 80MHz and a period length of 0.8μs;

[0398] L1 is represented as {M,1,-M}, R1 as {-M,1,-M}, -L1 as {-M,-1,M}, and -R1 as {M,-1,M}.

[0399] Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​from the subcarrier with index -2032, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2032.

[0400] It should be understood that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0401] As can be seen from the above, by using Method 1, a short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be obtained based on the HES transform specified in the standard.

[0402] Method 2

[0403] Based on the M sequence, a short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 240MHz is obtained.

[0404] Specifically, substituting L1 as {M,1,-M}, R1 as {-M,1,-M}, -L1 as {-M,-1,M}, and -R1 as {M,-1,M}, we can derive the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz as:

[0405] or

[0406] or

[0407] or

[0408] or

[0409] or

[0410] or

[0411] or

[0412] or

[0413] or

[0414]

[0415] Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​from the subcarrier with index -2032, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2032.

[0416] It should be understood that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0417] As can be seen from the above, by using method two, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be obtained based on the M sequence transformation.

[0418] Method 3

[0419] The short training sequences corresponding to EHT-STF in Method 1 or Method 2 above can be directly cached or stored locally. When needed, the short training sequences corresponding to EHT-STF can be directly obtained from the local machine.

[0420] It should be understood that the above three methods are merely illustrative examples and are not limited to these. Any method that can obtain the short training sequence corresponding to the above-mentioned 320MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs is within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0421] The short training sequence corresponding to the aforementioned EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a frequency of 320 MHz can be obtained through simulation calculation. For example, if method one is used, it can be calculated using the corresponding formula based on the stored frequency domain sequence HES corresponding to the HE-STF. Alternatively, if method two is used, it can be calculated using the corresponding formula based on the stored or protocol-specified M-sequence.

[0422] Specifically, similar to the EHT-STF design for a 240MHz channel bandwidth, this application's scheme designs an EHT-STF for a 320MHz channel bandwidth based on the HE-STF for an 80MHz channel. First, the 320MHz bandwidth tone plan is composed of four 80MHz bandwidth tone plans spliced ​​together. Similar to the 240MHz design, each 80MHz tone plan retains its left and right guard subcarriers and its central DC subcarrier. Thus, the 320MHz bandwidth has a total of 1024 × 4 = 4096 subcarriers, with 12 and 11 guard subcarriers on the left and right edges respectively, and 11 + 12 = 23 DC subcarriers in the middle of the bandwidth.

[0423] The frequency domain sequence HES based on the 80MHz HE-STF with a period length of 0.8μs, defined in 802.11ax. -496:16:496 The detailed design formula for the short training sequence S corresponding to the 320MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs is as follows:

[0424]

[0425]

[0426] Similarly, among them,

[0427] a i The values ​​of are {-1, 0, 1}, and i = 1, 2;

[0428] c j The value of is {-1, 1}, and j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

[0429] Therefore, when obtaining the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a 320MHz frequency using Method 1, it can be based on the stored HES. -496:16:-16 and HES 16:16:496 The above formula (5) is used to obtain the result. Alternatively, when obtaining the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz through method two, it can be obtained based on the M sequence using the above formula (5).

[0430] According to the above formula (5), the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a MHz of 320 MHz can be obtained. Furthermore, through simulation calculations, such as adjusting a... i and c i This is to ensure that the PAPR of the short training sequence corresponding to EHT-STF is less than or equal to the preset third threshold, thereby obtaining a sequence with better performance.

[0431] Specifically, after 2 8 ×3 2 = 2304 exhaustive searches can yield all possible S -2032:16:2032 And the corresponding PAPR value, and finally compare them to obtain the S with the smallest PAPR. -2032:16:2032 Table 4 shows the optimal 10 sets of training sequences S for the frequency domain sequence HES based on the 80MHz HE-STF with a period length of 0.8μs, and the corresponding short training sequence S for the 320MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs. i and c i .

[0432] The preset threshold (i.e., an example of the preset third threshold) can be set by exhaustively searching through parameter sets A and C, based on the minimum PAPR obtained during the exhaustive search (such as the ten sets of results with the minimum PAPR listed in Table 4); or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search results with the properties of the sequence itself; or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search results with the preset parameters; or, it can be predetermined; or, the preset threshold can be obtained from the results of multiple experiments, etc.

[0433] Table 4. Parameter set values ​​for the short training sequence S corresponding to the 320MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs.

[0434]

[0435]

[0436] 'a' from the ten sets of results i and c i Substituting the values ​​into formula (5) above, we can obtain the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz, which can be expressed as:

[0437] or

[0438] or

[0439] or

[0440] or

[0441] or

[0442] or

[0443] or

[0444] or

[0445] or

[0446]

[0447] Substituting L1 into {M,1,-M}, R1 into {-M,1,-M}, -L1 into {-M,-1,M}, and -R1 into {M,-1,M}, we can obtain the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz.

[0448] It should be understood that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0449] As shown above, L1 and R1 are sequences associated with the short training sequence corresponding to 80MHz and a period length of 0.8μs. Therefore, the 320MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 80MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 320MHz short training sequence can support automatic gain control on large bandwidth (bandwidth greater than 160MHz) channels. Simulation verification shows that, comparing the PAPR in Table 4 with the PAPR of 802.11ax (Table 1), these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power, supporting automatic gain control on large bandwidth channels and improving the estimation effect of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate. Therefore, the short training sequence proposed in this application for large channel bandwidth can control the PAPR very low.

[0450] Method B

[0451] Based on the frequency domain sequence HES with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency domain length of 160MHz, the short training sequence S corresponding to EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency domain length of 320MHz is obtained.

[0452] A 320MHz bandwidth contains 2048 × 2 = 4096 subcarriers. When the period length of the short training field is 0.8μs, the short training sequence can be represented as S. -2032:16:2032 Here, -2032 and 2032 represent the index numbers of the starting subcarrier, and 16 represents the interval. -2032:16:2032 means starting from the subcarrier with index -2032, every 16 subcarriers up to the subcarrier with index 2032. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0.

[0453] Similarly, in the embodiments of this application, at least the following three methods can be used to determine the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz.

[0454] Method 1

[0455] Based on the frequency domain sequence HES with a reference channel bandwidth, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency domain sequence of 320MHz is determined.

[0456] Optionally, when the period length is 0.8 μs, the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a target channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented as:

[0457] or

[0458] or

[0459] or

[0460] or

[0461] or

[0462] or

[0463] or

[0464] or

[0465] or

[0466]

[0467] Similarly,

[0468] HES -1008:16:-16 For HES -1008:16:1008 The portion to the left of subcarrier 0;

[0469] HES 16:16:1008 For HES -1008:16:1008 The portion to the right of subcarrier 0;

[0470] HES -1008:16:1008 The HES corresponding to 160MHz and a period length of 0.8μs.

[0471] Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​from the subcarrier with index -2032, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2032.

[0472] It should be understood that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0473] As can be seen from the above, by using Method 1, a short training sequence corresponding to EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be obtained based on the HES transform specified in the standard.

[0474] Method 2

[0475] Based on the M sequence, a short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a frequency of 320 MHz is obtained by transformation.

[0476] Specifically, substituting L3 as {M,1,-M,0,-M,1,-M}, R3 as {-M,-1,M,0,-M,1,-M}, -L3 as {-M,-1,M,0,M,-1,M}, and -R3 as {M,1,-M,0,M,-1,M}, we can derive that an EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be represented as:

[0477] or

[0478] or

[0479] or

[0480] or

[0481] or

[0482] or

[0483] or

[0484] or

[0485] or

[0486]

[0487] Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​from the subcarrier with index -2032, every 16 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2032.

[0488] It should be understood that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0489] As can be seen from the above, by using method two, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be obtained based on the M sequence transformation.

[0490] Method 3

[0491] The short training sequences corresponding to EHT-STF in Method 1 or Method 2 above can be directly cached or stored locally. When needed, the short training sequences corresponding to EHT-STF can be directly obtained from the local machine.

[0492] It should be understood that the above three methods are merely illustrative examples and are not limited to these. Any method that can obtain the short training sequence corresponding to the above-mentioned EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz falls within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0493] Similar to Scenario 1, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a frequency of 320 MHz can be obtained through simulation calculation. For example, if Method 1 is used, it can be calculated using the corresponding formula based on the stored frequency domain sequence HES corresponding to the HE-STF. Alternatively, if Method 2 is used, it can be calculated using the corresponding formula based on the stored or protocol-specified M sequence.

[0494] Specifically, an EHT-STF with a bandwidth of 320MHz can also be constructed by rotating and splicing a HE-STF with a bandwidth of 160MHz. Specifically, it can be constructed based on the frequency domain sequence HES of the 160MHz HE-STF with a period length of 0.8μs defined in 802.11ax. -1008:16:1008Design a short training sequence S for EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a frequency of 320 MHz. The detailed design formula is as follows:

[0495]

[0496] Similarly, among them,

[0497] a i The values ​​of are {-1, 0, 1}, and i = 1, 2;

[0498] c j The value of is {-1, 1}, and j = 1, 2, 3, 4.

[0499] Similarly, when obtaining the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a frequency of 320 MHz using Method 1, it can be based on the stored HES. -1008:16:-16 and HES 16:16:1008 The above formula (6) is used to obtain the result. Alternatively, when obtaining the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz through method two, it can be obtained based on the M sequence using the above formula (6).

[0500] According to the above formula (6), the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a MHz of 320MHz can be obtained. Furthermore, through simulation calculations, such as adjusting a... i and c i This is to ensure that the PAPR of the short training sequence corresponding to EHT-STF is less than or equal to the preset fourth threshold, thereby obtaining a sequence with better performance.

[0501] Specifically, after 2 4 ×3 2 = 144 exhaustive searches can yield all possible S -2032:16:2032 And the corresponding PAPR value, and finally compare them to obtain the S with the smallest PAPR. -2032:16:2032 Table 5 shows the 10 optimal training sequences S for a 320MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs, based on a 160MHz HE-STF. i and c i .

[0502] The preset threshold (i.e., an example of the preset fourth threshold) can be set by exhaustively searching through parameter sets A and C, based on the minimum PAPR obtained during the exhaustive search (such as the ten sets of results with the minimum PAPR listed in Table 5); or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search with the properties of the sequence itself; or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search with the preset parameters; or, it can be predetermined; or, the preset threshold can be obtained from the results of multiple experiments, etc.

[0503] Table 5. Parameter set values ​​for the short training sequence S corresponding to the 320MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs.

[0504] Serial Number <![CDATA[a1]]> <![CDATA[a2]]> <![CDATA[c1]]> <![CDATA[c2]]> <![CDATA[c3]]> <![CDATA[c4]]> PAPR (dB) 1 0 -1 1 1 -1 1 5.2021 2 0 1 -1 -1 1 -1 5.2021 3 0 0 1 1 -1 1 5.2404 4 0 0 -1 -1 1 -1 5.2404 5 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 5.2691 6 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 5.2691 7 1 0 1 -1 -1 -1 5.3267 8 -1 0 -1 1 1 1 5.3267 9 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 5.3441 10 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 5.3441

[0505] 'a' from the ten sets of results i and c i Substituting the values ​​into formula (6) above, we can obtain the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz, which can be expressed as:

[0506] or

[0507] or

[0508] or

[0509] or

[0510] or

[0511] or

[0512] or

[0513] or

[0514] or

[0515]

[0516] Substituting L3 into {M,1,-M,0,-M,1,-M}, R3 into {-M,-1,M,0,-M,1,-M}, -L3 into {-M,-1,M,0,M,-1,M}, and -R3 into {M,1,-M,0,M,-1,M}, we can obtain the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8μs and a frequency of 320MHz.

[0517] It should be understood that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 0.8 μs and a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0518] It should be noted that the above-mentioned methods A and B are merely illustrative examples, and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0519] As shown above, L3 and R3 are sequences associated with the short training sequence corresponding to 160MHz and a period length of 0.8μs. Therefore, the 320MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 160MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 320MHz short training sequence can support automatic gain control on large bandwidth (bandwidth greater than 160MHz) channels. Simulation verification shows that, comparing the PAPR in Table 5 with the PAPR of 802.11ax (Table 1), these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power, supporting automatic gain control on large bandwidth channels and improving the estimation performance of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate. Therefore, the short training sequence proposed in this application for large channel bandwidth can control the PAPR very low.

[0520] Scenario 2: Period length is 1.6μs

[0521] Similarly, when the period length is 1.6 μs and the target channel bandwidth is 320 MHz, the resulting 320 MHz EHT-STF differs based on the HE-STF with different reference channel bandwidths. Below, we will explain the different representations of the 320 MHz EHT-STF using both method A and method B.

[0522] Method A

[0523] Based on the frequency domain sequence HES with a period length of 1.6μs and 80MHz, the short training sequence S corresponding to EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and 320MHz is obtained.

[0524] The 320MHz bandwidth has a total of 1024 × 4 = 4096 subcarriers, with 12 and 11 guard subcarriers on the left and right edges respectively, and 11 + 12 = 23 DC subcarriers in the middle of the bandwidth. When the period length of the short training field is 1.6μs, the short training sequence can be represented as S.-2024:8:2024 Here, -2024 and 2024 represent the index numbers of the starting subcarrier, and 8 represents the interval. -2024:8:2024 means starting from the subcarrier with index -2024, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2024. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0.

[0525] Similarly, in the embodiments of this application, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a frequency of 320 MHz can be determined by at least the following three methods.

[0526] Method 1

[0527] Based on the frequency domain sequence HES with a reference channel bandwidth, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency domain sequence of 320MHz is determined.

[0528] Optionally, when the period length is 1.6 μs, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a target channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be expressed as:

[0529] or

[0530] or

[0531] or

[0532] or

[0533] or

[0534] or

[0535] or

[0536] or

[0537] or

[0538]

[0539] Similarly,

[0540] HES -504:8:-8 For HES -504:8:504 The portion to the left of subcarrier 0;

[0541] HES 8:8:504 For HES -504:8:504 The portion to the right of subcarrier 0;

[0542] HES -504:8:504 The HES corresponding to 80MHz and a period length of 1.6μs;

[0543] L2 is represented as {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M}, R2 is represented as {-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, -L2 = {-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M}, and -R2 is represented as {M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}.

[0544] Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequences correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​starting from the subcarrier with index -2024, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2024.

[0545] It should be noted that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0546] As can be seen from the above, using Method 1, a short training sequence corresponding to EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be obtained based on the HES transform specified in the standard.

[0547] Method 2

[0548] Based on the M sequence, a short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a frequency of 320 MHz is obtained by transformation.

[0549] Specifically, substituting L2 as {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M}, R2 as {-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, -L2 = {-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M}, and -R2 as {M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}, we can derive that an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be expressed as:

[0550] or

[0551] or

[0552]

[0553] or

[0554] or

[0555] or

[0556] or

[0557] or

[0558] or

[0559]

[0560] Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequences correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​starting from the subcarrier with index -2024, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2024.

[0561] It should be noted that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0562] As can be seen from the above, by using method two, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be obtained based on the M sequence transformation.

[0563] Method 3

[0564] The short training sequences corresponding to EHT-STF in Method 1 or Method 2 above can be directly cached or stored locally. When needed, the short training sequences corresponding to EHT-STF can be directly obtained from the local machine.

[0565] It should be understood that the above three methods are merely illustrative examples and are not limited to these. Any method that can obtain the short training sequence corresponding to the above-mentioned EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz falls within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0566] The short training sequence S corresponding to the aforementioned EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a frequency of 320 MHz can be obtained through simulation calculation. For example, if method one is used, it can be calculated using the corresponding formula based on the stored frequency domain sequence HES corresponding to the HE-STF. Alternatively, if method two is used, it can be calculated using the corresponding formula based on the stored or protocol-specified M sequence.

[0567] Specifically, the above sequence is the frequency domain sequence HES of the HE-STF defined in 802.11ax with a frequency of 80MHz and a period length of 1.6μs. -504:8:504The detailed design formula for the short training sequence S corresponding to the 320MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs is as follows:

[0568]

[0569] Similarly, among them,

[0570] a i The values ​​of are {-1, 0, 1}, and i = 1, 2;

[0571] c j The value of is {-1, 1}, and j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

[0572] Therefore, when obtaining the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a 320 MHz using Method 1, it can be based on the stored HES. -504:8:-8 and HES 8:8:504 The above formula (7) is used to obtain the result. Alternatively, when obtaining the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz through method two, it can be obtained based on the M sequence using the above formula (7).

[0573] According to the above formula (7), the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a MHz of 320 MHz can be obtained. Furthermore, through simulation calculations, such as adjusting a... i and c i This is to ensure that the PAPR of the short training sequence corresponding to EHT-STF is less than or equal to the preset fifth threshold, thereby obtaining a sequence with better performance.

[0574] Specifically, after 2 8 ×3 2 = 2304 exhaustive searches can yield all possible S -2024:8:2024 And the corresponding PAPR value, and finally compare them to obtain the S with the smallest PAPR. -2024:8:2024 Table 6 shows the optimal 10 sets of training sequences S for the 320MHz EHT-STF when designing short training sequences S based on the frequency domain sequence HES corresponding to the 80MHz, 1.6μs HE-STF and the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs. i and c i .

[0575] The preset threshold (i.e., an example of the preset fifth threshold) can be set by exhaustively searching through parameter sets A and C, based on the minimum PAPR obtained during the exhaustive search (such as the ten sets of results with the minimum PAPR listed in Table 6); or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search results with the properties of the sequence itself; or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search results with the preset parameters; or, it can be predetermined; or, the preset threshold can be obtained from the results of multiple experiments, etc.

[0576] Table 6. Parameter set values ​​for the short training sequence S corresponding to the 320MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs.

[0577] Serial Number <![CDATA[a1]]> <![CDATA[a2]]> <![CDATA[c1]]> <![CDATA[c2]]> <![CDATA[c3]]> <![CDATA[c4]]> <![CDATA[c5]]> <![CDATA[c6]]> <![CDATA[c7]]> <![CDATA[c8]]> PAPR (dB) 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 6.1586 2 1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 6.1586 3 0 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 6.2975 4 0 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 6.2975 5 -1 0 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 6.2986 6 1 0 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 6.2986 7 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 6.4188 8 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 6.4188 9 0 0 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 6.4367 10 0 0 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 6.4367

[0578] 'a' from the ten sets of results i and c i Substituting the values ​​into formula (7) above, we can obtain the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 16μs and a frequency of 320MHz, which can be expressed as:

[0579] or

[0580] or

[0581] or

[0582] or

[0583] or

[0584] or

[0585] or

[0586] or

[0587] or

[0588]

[0589] Substituting L2 into {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M}, R2 into {-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, -L2 = {-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M}, and -R2 into {M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}, we can obtain the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz.

[0590] It should be noted that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0591] As shown above, L2 and R2 are sequences associated with the short training sequence corresponding to 80MHz and a period length of 1.6μs. Therefore, the 320MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 80MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 320MHz short training sequence can support automatic gain control on large bandwidth (bandwidth greater than 160MHz) channels. Simulation verification shows that, comparing the PAPR in Table 6 with the PAPR of 802.11ax (Table 1), these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power, supporting automatic gain control on large bandwidth channels and improving the estimation effect of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate. Therefore, the short training sequence proposed in this application for large channel bandwidth can control the PAPR very low.

[0592] Method B

[0593] Based on the frequency domain sequence HES with a period length of 1.6μs and 160MHz, the short training sequence S corresponding to EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and 320MHz is obtained.

[0594] A 320MHz bandwidth has 2048 × 4 = 4096 subcarriers. When the period length of the short training field is 1.6μs, the short training sequence can be represented as S. -2040:8:2040 Here, -2040 and 2040 represent the index numbers of the starting subcarrier, and 8 represents the interval. -2040:8:2040 means starting from the subcarrier with index -2040, every 8 subcarriers up to the subcarrier with index 2040. On other subcarriers, the frequency domain sequence value is 0.

[0595] Similarly, in the embodiments of this application, at least the following three methods can be used to determine the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz.

[0596] Method 1

[0597] Based on the frequency domain sequence HES with a reference channel bandwidth, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency domain sequence of 320MHz is determined.

[0598] Optionally, when the period length is 1.6 μs, the EHT-STF with a target channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be expressed as:

[0599] or

[0600] or

[0601] or

[0602] or

[0603] or

[0604] or

[0605] or

[0606] or

[0607] or

[0608]

[0609] Similarly,

[0610] HES -1016:8:-8 For HES -1016:8:1016 The portion to the left of subcarrier 0;

[0611] HES 8:8:1008 For HES -1016:8:1016 The portion to the right of subcarrier 0;

[0612] HES -1008:16:1008 The HES corresponding to 160MHz and a period length of 0.8μs.

[0613] Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​from the subcarrier with index -2040, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2040.

[0614] It should be noted that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0615] As can be seen from the above, by using Method 1, a short training sequence S corresponding to EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be obtained based on the HES transformation specified in the standard.

[0616] Method 2

[0617] Based on the M sequence, a short training sequence S corresponding to EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a bandwidth of 320 MHz is obtained by transformation.

[0618] Specifically, substituting L4 as {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M,0,-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, R4 as {-M,1,-M,1,M,1-M,0,-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, -L4 as {-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M,0,M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}, and -R4 as {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M,0,M,-1,-M,-1,M}, we can derive that an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be represented as:

[0619]

[0620] or

[0621]

[0622] or

[0623]

[0624] or

[0625]

[0626] or

[0627]

[0628] or

[0629]

[0630] or

[0631]

[0632] or

[0633]

[0634] or

[0635]

[0636] or

[0637]

[0638] Therefore, the values ​​given by the above short training sequence correspond to the frequency domain sequence values ​​from the subcarrier with index -2040, every 8 subcarriers to the subcarrier with index 2040.

[0639] It should be noted that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0640] As can be seen from the above, by using method two, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz can be obtained based on the M sequence transformation.

[0641] Method 3

[0642] The short training sequences corresponding to EHT-STF in Method 1 or Method 2 above can be directly cached or stored locally. When needed, the short training sequences corresponding to EHT-STF can be directly obtained from the local machine.

[0643] It should be understood that the above three methods are merely illustrative examples and are not limited to these. Any method that can obtain the short training sequence corresponding to the above-mentioned EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz falls within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0644] Similar to Scenario 1, the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a frequency of 320 MHz can be obtained through simulation calculation. For example, if Method 1 is used, it can be calculated using the corresponding formula based on the stored frequency domain sequence HES corresponding to the HE-STF. Alternatively, if Method 2 is used, it can be calculated using the corresponding formula based on the stored or protocol-specified M sequence.

[0645] Specifically, a 320MHz SHT-STF can also be constructed by rotating and splicing a 160MHz channel HE-STF. Specifically, it can be based on the frequency domain sequence HES of the 160MHz HE-STF with a period length of 1.6μs already defined in 802.11ax. -1016:8:1016Generate a short training sequence S for EHT-STF with a frequency of 320MHz and a period length of 1.6μs. The detailed design formula is as follows:

[0646]

[0647] Similarly, among them,

[0648] a i The values ​​of are {-1, 0, 1}, and i = 1, 2;

[0649] c j The value of is {-1, 1}, and j = 1, 2, 3, 4.

[0650] Similarly, when obtaining the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a 320 MHz using Method 1, it can be based on the stored HES. -1016:8:-8 and HES 8:8:1008 The above formula (8) is used to obtain the result. Alternatively, when obtaining the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a frequency of 320 MHz through method two, it can be obtained based on the M sequence using the above formula (8).

[0651] According to the above formula (8), the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a MHz of 320 MHz can be obtained. Furthermore, through simulation calculations, such as adjusting a... i and c i This is to ensure that the PAPR of the short training sequence S corresponding to EHT-STF is less than or equal to the preset sixth threshold, thereby obtaining a sequence with better performance.

[0652] Specifically, after 2 4 ×3 2 = 144 exhaustive searches can yield all possible S -2032:16:2032 And the corresponding PAPR value, and finally compare them to obtain the S with the smallest PAPR. -2040:8:2040 Table 7 shows the short training sequences corresponding to HE-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs at 160 MHz. When designing short training sequences S corresponding to EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs at 320 MHz, the optimal a values ​​in the 10 sets of S are... i and c i .

[0653] The preset threshold (i.e., an example of the preset sixth threshold) can be set by exhaustively searching through parameter sets A and C, based on the minimum PAPR obtained during the exhaustive search (such as the ten sets of results with the minimum PAPR listed in Table 7); or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search with the properties of the sequence itself; or, it can be set by combining the minimum PAPR obtained from the exhaustive search with the preset parameters; or, it can be predetermined; or, the preset threshold can be obtained from the results of multiple experiments, etc.

[0654] Table 7. Parameter set values ​​for the short training sequence S corresponding to the 320MHz EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs.

[0655] Serial Number <![CDATA[a1]]> <![CDATA[a2]]> <![CDATA[c1]]> <![CDATA[c2]]> <![CDATA[c3]]> <![CDATA[c4]]> PAPR (dB) 1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 6.5894 2 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 6.5894 3 0 0 1 1 1 -1 6.599 4 0 0 -1 -1 -1 1 6.599 5 0 -1 1 1 1 -1 6.6319 6 0 1 -1 -1 -1 1 6.6319 7 0 1 1 -1 1 1 6.6514 8 0 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 6.6514 9 1 0 1 1 1 -1 6.6685 10 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 1 6.6685

[0656] 'a' from the ten sets of results i and c i Substituting the values ​​into formula (8) above, we can obtain the short training sequence S corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 16μs and a frequency of 320MHz, which can be expressed as:

[0657] or

[0658] or

[0659] or

[0660] or

[0661] or

[0662] or

[0663] or

[0664] or

[0665] or

[0666]

[0667] Substituting L4 into {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M,0,-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, R4 into {-M,1,-M,1,M,1-M,0,-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}, -L4 into {-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M,0,M,-1,-M,-1,M,-1,M}, and -R4 into {M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M,0,M,-1,-M,-1,M}, we can obtain the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6μs and a frequency of 320MHz.

[0668] It should be noted that the short training sequence S corresponding to an EHT-STF with a period length of 1.6 μs and a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz can be represented by any of the ten representation methods mentioned above.

[0669] It should be noted that the above methods A and B are merely illustrative examples, and this application is not limited thereto.

[0670] As shown above, L4 and R4 are sequences associated with the short training sequence corresponding to 160MHz and a period length of 1.6μs. Therefore, the 320MHz short training sequence is compatible with the 160MHz short training sequence. Furthermore, the aforementioned 320MHz short training sequence can support automatic gain control on large bandwidth (bandwidth greater than 160MHz) channels. Simulation verification shows that, comparing the PAPR in Table 7 with the PAPR of 802.11ax (Table 1), these short training sequences have relatively low peak-to-average power, supporting automatic gain control on large bandwidth channels and improving the estimation effect of the receiver's automatic gain control circuit, thereby reducing the receive bit error rate. Therefore, the short training sequence proposed in this application for large channel bandwidth can control the PAPR very low.

[0671] As can be seen from the above, in this embodiment of the application, short training sequences corresponding to 240MHz and 320MHz EHT-STF are proposed, and the short training sequences corresponding to EHT-STF can be directly stored locally; alternatively, the M sequence can be stored locally or as agreed upon by the protocol, and the short training sequence corresponding to the EHT-STF can be calculated based on the M sequence using the corresponding formula; alternatively, the short training sequence corresponding to HE-STF can be stored, and the short training sequence corresponding to EHT-STF can be calculated based on the short training sequence corresponding to HE-STF using the corresponding formula, etc. This embodiment of the application does not limit this.

[0672] It should be noted that the above description only uses 240MHz and 320MHz as examples to illustrate the method provided in this application. However, this should not limit the channel bandwidth to which the method provided in this application is applicable. Short training sequences corresponding to other frequencies greater than 160MHz, such as 200MHz and 280MHz, can be obtained based on the method for designing short training sequences provided in the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, they can all be compatible with existing 80MHz short training sequences (or, rotation factors). Based on the method for designing short training sequences provided in this application, those skilled in the art can easily conceive of making changes or substitutions to this method to apply it to other channel bandwidths.

[0673] As shown above, for 240MHz and 320MHz channels with period lengths of 0.8μs and 1.6μs respectively, based on the frequency domain sequences HES corresponding to HE-STFs with bandwidths of 80MHz and 160MHz, 10 sets of short training sequences S corresponding to EHT-STFs were proposed respectively. Therefore, the EHT-STFs for channels with bandwidths of 240MHz and 320MHz both consider compatibility with the existing 802.11ax HE-STF with a bandwidth of 80MHz, and the EHT-STF for a channel with a bandwidth of 320MHz also considers compatibility with the existing 802.11ax HE-STF with a bandwidth of 160MHz. Furthermore, in this embodiment, for channels with bandwidths of 240MHz and 320MHz, exhaustive simulation verification of parameters was performed. Comparing the PAPR in Tables 2 to 7 with the PAPR of 802.11ax (Table 1), the short training sequence provided in this embodiment exhibits a lower PAPR and superior performance, thereby improving the estimation effect of the automatic gain control circuit at the receiver and reducing the receiving bit error rate. Therefore, the short training sequence proposed in this application for large channel bandwidth can control the PAPR very low.

[0674] The above, combined with Figures 1 to 6 The present application provides a detailed description of the method for sending short training fields according to its embodiments. The following is a combination of... Figure 7 , Figure 8 This application provides a detailed description of the apparatus for sending short training fields, as described in the embodiments of this application.

[0675] Figure 7 This is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for sending short training fields provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 As shown, the device 700 may include a determining module 710 and a sending module 720.

[0676] In one possible design, the device 700 may correspond to the network device in the above method embodiments, for example, it may be a network device or a chip configured in a network device.

[0677] Module 710 is used to determine short training sequences;

[0678] The transmitting module 720 is used to transmit a short training field on a target channel. The short training field is obtained by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the short training sequence, wherein the bandwidth of the target channel is greater than 160MHz.

[0679] Specifically, the device 700 may include modules for performing the methods executed by the network device in method 200 described above. Furthermore, each module in the device 700 and the other operations and / or functions described above are respectively for implementing... Figure 5 The corresponding process of method 200 in the middle.

[0680] Among them, when the device 700 is used to perform Figure 5 When performing method 200, the determining module 710 can be used to execute step 210 in method 200, as well as the step of generating a short training sequence, and the sending module 720 can be used to execute step 220 in method 200.

[0681] It should be understood that the specific process of each module performing the above-mentioned steps has been described in detail in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0682] It should also be understood that the determining module 710 in the device 700 may correspond to Figure 8 The processor 810 and the transmitting module 720 in the network device 800 shown herein may correspond to Figure 8 Transceiver 820 in network device 800 shown in the figure.

[0683] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the network device 800 provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the network device 800 includes a processor 810 and a transceiver 820. Optionally, the network device 800 also includes a memory 830. The processor 810, transceiver 820, and memory 830 communicate with each other via internal connections to transmit control and / or data signals. The memory 830 stores computer programs, and the processor 810 retrieves and runs the computer programs from the memory 830 to control the transceiver 820 to transmit and receive signals.

[0684] The processor 810 and memory 830 described above can be combined into a single processing device, whereby the processor 810 executes the program code stored in the memory 830 to achieve the aforementioned functions. In specific implementations, the memory 830 can be integrated into the processor 810 or independent of the processor 810.

[0685] The aforementioned network device 800 may also include an antenna 840 for transmitting the short training field output by the transceiver 820 via a wireless signal.

[0686] When the program instructions stored in memory 830 are executed by processor 810, processor 810 is used to determine short training sequences.

[0687] Specifically, the network device 800 may include tools for performing... Figure 5 The modules of method 200 in the network device 800. Furthermore, each module in the network device 800 and the other operations and / or functions described above are respectively for implementing... Figure 5 The corresponding process of method 200, and the specific process of each module executing the above-mentioned corresponding steps have been described in detail in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0688] The processor 810 described above can be used to execute the internally implemented actions described in the preceding method embodiments. Please refer to the descriptions in the preceding method embodiments for details, which will not be repeated here.

[0689] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or it can be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.

[0690] It should also be understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous linked DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0691] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes: computer program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute... Figure 5 The method in the illustrated embodiment.

[0692] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer-readable medium storing program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform... Figure 5 The method in the illustrated embodiment.

[0693] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a system, which includes one or more terminal devices and one or more network devices as described above.

[0694] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0695] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0696] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0697] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0698] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0699] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0700] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for receiving short training sequences, characterized in that, The method includes: Receive short training sequence segments, wherein the short training sequence segments are part or all of the short training sequences corresponding to a 320MHz bandwidth; Automatic gain control (AGC) estimation is performed based on the aforementioned short training sequence segments; The period length of the short training sequence is 0.8 μs, denoted as S. -2032:16:2032 This represents the sequence of values ​​carried every 16 subcarriers from subcarrier -2032 to subcarrier 2024, where: S -2032:16:2032 ={c1×(M,1,-M), 0, c2×(-M, 1, -M), a1,c3×(M, 1, -M), 0,c4×(-M,1, -M), 0, c5×(M,1,-M), 0, c6×(-M, 1, -M), a2, c7×(M,1,-M), 0, c8×(-M, 1, -M)} × ; Among them, a i The value of can be any one of {-1, 0, 1}, where i = 1, 2; c j The value of can be any one of {-1, 1}, j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; M = {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}, and the value of the subcarrier at other positions is 0.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 320MHz bandwidth subcarrier distribution includes four subcarrier distributions with a bandwidth of 80MHz, and the 320MHz bandwidth subcarrier distribution includes 4096 subcarriers, with 12 and 11 guard subcarriers on the left and right edges, respectively.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The 320MHz bandwidth subcarrier distribution includes 23 DC subcarriers.

4. An apparatus for receiving short training sequences, characterized in that, include: The receiving module is used to receive short training sequence segments, wherein the short training sequence segments are part or all of the short training sequences corresponding to a 320MHz bandwidth; A processing module is used to perform automatic gain control (AGC) estimation based on the short training sequence segment; The period length of the short training sequence is 0.8 μs, denoted as S. -2032:16:2032 This represents the sequence of values ​​carried every 16 subcarriers from subcarrier -2032 to subcarrier 2024, where: S -2032:16:2032 ={c1×(M,1,-M), 0, c2×(-M, 1, -M), a1,c3×(M, 1, -M), 0,c4×(-M,1, -M), 0, c5×(M,1,-M), 0, c6×(-M, 1, -M), a2, c7×(M,1,-M), 0, c8×(-M, 1, -M)} × ; Among them, a i The value of can be any one of {-1, 0, 1}, where i = 1, 2; c j The value of can be any one of {-1, 1}, j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; M = {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}, and the value of the subcarrier at other positions is 0.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The 320MHz bandwidth subcarrier distribution includes four subcarrier distributions with a bandwidth of 80MHz, and the 320MHz bandwidth subcarrier distribution includes 4096 subcarriers, with 12 and 11 guard subcarriers on the left and right edges, respectively.

6. The apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The 320MHz bandwidth subcarrier distribution includes 23 DC subcarriers.

7. A communication device, characterized in that, Including processor and memory; The memory is used to store instructions; The processor is configured to execute the instructions to cause the method described in any one of claims 1 to 3 to be performed.

8. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes logic circuits and interfaces, wherein the logic circuits and interfaces are coupled; The interface is used to input and / or output code instructions, and the logic circuit is used to execute the code instructions to cause the method described in any one of claims 1 to 3 to be performed.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program, which, when executed, performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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