Mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices are described for wireless communication in which one or more aspects of a first transmission for a first radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., a 5G or New Radio (NR) RAT) are determined based on a transmission of a second RAT (e.g., a 4G or Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAT). In some cases, a user equipment (UE) can determine a reference timing, a reference power, or a combination thereof for an uplink transmission of the first RAT based on a received power or a reference timing of the second RAT. In some cases, a handover for the first RAT can be based at least in part on a handover in the second RAT.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This Patent Application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 129,654 by Malladi et al., filed September 12, 2018, entitled “Mobility And Power Control Techniques Across Multiple Radio Access Technologies,” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 558,764 by Malladi et al., filed September 14, 2017, entitled “Mobility And Power Control Techniques Across Multiple Radio Access Technologies,” each of which is assigned to the assignee hereof. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The following relates generally to wireless communication, and more specifically to mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies. BACKGROUND

[0004] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems are capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple- access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which can be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems can employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communications system can include a number of base stations or network access points, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which can be otherwise known as user equipment (UE). SUMMARY

[0005] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, or apparatuses that support mobility, timing, and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies. Generally, the described techniques provide one or more aspects of a first transmission of a first radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., a 5G or New Radio (NR) RAT) to be determined based on a received transmission of a second RAT (e.g., a 4G or Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAT). In some cases, a user equipment (UE) can identify a received power of a downlink transmission of the second RAT, and determine an uplink transmission power for a first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the received power of the second RAT. Additionally or alternatively, a reference timing of the second RAT can be used to determine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission. In some cases, the UE can establish a first connection with a first base station using the first RAT, establish a second connection with the first base station using the second RAT, and initiate a handover of the first connection based on determining that the second connection is to be handed over to a second base station.

[0006] A method of wireless communication is described. The method can include identifying a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, identifying a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT, determining a first uplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT, and transmitting the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power.

[0007] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus can include means for identifying a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, means for identifying a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT, means for determining a first uplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT, and means for transmitting the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power.

[0008] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus can include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions can be operable to cause the processor to identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT, determine a first uplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power.

[0009] A non-transitory computer-readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transitory computer-readable medium can include instructions operable to cause a processor to identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT, determine a first uplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power.

[0010] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, identifying the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT further includes identifying the downlink transmission of the second RAT, measuring the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT, and determining a path loss associated with the downlink transmission of the second RAT based at least in part on the measured received power. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, determining the first uplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT further includes using the path loss associated with the downlink transmission of the second RAT as a reference serving cell path loss in an uplink power calculation for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, a transmitter of the downlink transmission of the second RAT can be collocated with a receiver of the first uplink transmission.

[0011] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the first uplink transmission can be a supplemental uplink transmission of the first RAT, and wherein the method further includes receiving a downlink transmission of the first RAT transmitted using a frequency that can be in a different frequency band than a frequency of the supplemental uplink transmission. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the downlink transmission of the first RAT can not be used to determine the first uplink transmission power for the supplemental uplink transmission. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the downlink transmission of the second RAT can be transmitted using a frequency that can be within a same frequency band as a frequency of the supplemental uplink transmission.

[0012] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the first uplink transmission can be a random access channel (RACH) transmission, and the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT can be used for open loop power control and ramping of a random access procedure.

[0013] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above can further include processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving configuration information that links downlink transmissions of the second RAT to first uplink transmissions of the first RAT. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the configuration information can be received in radio resource control (RRC) signaling from a base station of the first RAT. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the first RAT can be an NR or 5G RAT, and the second RAT can be an LTE or 4G RAT.

[0014] A method of wireless communication is described. The method can include identifying a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, identifying a reference timing of a second RAT different from the first RAT, determining an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the reference timing of the second RAT, and transmitting the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing.

[0015] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus can include means for identifying a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, means for identifying a reference timing of a second RAT different from the first RAT, means for determining an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the reference timing of the second RAT, and means for transmitting the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing.

[0016] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus can include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions can be operable to cause the processor to identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify a reference timing of a second RAT different from the first RAT, determine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the reference timing of the second RAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing.

[0017] A non-transitory computer-readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transitory computer-readable medium can include instructions operable to cause a processor to identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify a reference timing of a second RAT different from the first RAT, determine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the reference timing of the second RAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing.

[0018] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, determining the uplink timing further includes identifying a timing advance group (TAG) of the first RAT with a timing advance (TA) based at least in part on the reference timing of the second RAT. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the transmitter of the downlink transmission of the second RAT can be collocated with the receiver of the first uplink transmission.

[0019] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the first uplink transmission can be a supplemental uplink transmission of the first RAT, and wherein the method further includes receiving a downlink transmission of the first RAT transmitted using a higher frequency that can be in a different frequency band than a frequency of the supplemental uplink transmission. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the downlink transmission of the first RAT can not be used to determine the uplink timing for the supplemental uplink transmission.

[0020] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above can further include processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving configuration information that links an uplink timing to be used for a first uplink transmission of a first RAT to a reference timing of a second RAT. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the configuration information can be received in RRC signaling from a base station of the first RAT. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the first RAT can be an NR or 5G RAT, and the second RAT can be an LTE or 4G RAT.

[0021] A method of wireless communication is described. The method can include identifying a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, identifying a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT or a reference timing of the second RAT, determining the uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT different from the first RAT or the reference timing of the second RAT, and transmitting the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power or the uplink timing.

[0022] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus can include means for identifying a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, means for identifying a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT or a reference timing of the second RAT, means for determining the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT different from the first RAT or determining an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the reference timing of the second RAT, and means for transmitting the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power or the uplink timing.

[0023] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus can include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions can be operable to cause the processor to identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT or a reference timing of the second RAT, determine the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT different from the first RAT or determine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the reference timing of the second RAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power or the uplink timing.

[0024] A non-transitory computer-readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transitory computer-readable medium can include instructions operable to cause a processor to identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT or a reference timing of the second RAT, determine the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT different from the first RAT or determine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the reference timing of the second RAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power or the uplink timing.

[0025] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, determining the first uplink transmission power or the uplink timing includes determining the uplink timing, and determining the uplink timing further includes identifying a timing advance group (TAG) of the first RAT having a timing advance (TA) based at least in part on a reference timing of the second RAT. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, transmitting the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power or the uplink timing includes using the uplink timing, and a transmitter of the downlink transmission of the second RAT can be collocated with a receiver of the first uplink transmission.

[0026] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the first uplink transmission can be a supplemental uplink transmission of the first RAT, and wherein the method further includes receiving a downlink transmission of the first RAT transmitted using a higher frequency that can be in a different frequency band than a frequency of the supplemental uplink transmission. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the downlink transmission of the first RAT can not be used to determine an uplink timing for the supplemental uplink transmission.

[0027] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above can further include processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving configuration information that links an uplink timing to be used for a first uplink transmission of a first RAT to a reference timing of a second RAT, wherein transmitting the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power or the uplink timing includes using the uplink timing. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the configuration information can be received in RRC signaling from a base station of the first RAT. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, transmitting the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power or the uplink timing includes using the uplink timing, and the first RAT can be an NR or 5G RAT and the second RAT can be an LTE or 4G RAT.

[0028] A method of wireless communication is described. The method can include establishing a first connection with a first base station using a first RAT, establishing a second connection with the first base station using a second RAT, determining that the second connection is to be handed over to a second base station, and initiating a handover of the first connection based at least in part on the determination that the second connection is to be handed over.

[0029] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus can include means for establishing a first connection with a first base station using a first RAT and establishing a second connection with the first base station using a second RAT, means for determining that the second connection is to be handed over to a second base station, and means for initiating a handover of the first connection based at least in part on determining that the second connection is to be handed over.

[0030] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus can include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions can be operable to cause the processor to establish a first connection with a first base station using a first RAT and establish a second connection with the first base station using a second RAT, determine that the second connection is to be handed over to a second base station, and initiate a handover of the first connection based at least in part on determining that the second connection is to be handed over.

[0031] A non-transitory computer-readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transitory computer-readable medium can include instructions operable to cause a processor to establish a first connection with a first base station using a first RAT and establish a second connection with the first base station using a second RAT, determine that the second connection is to be handed over to a second base station, and initiate a handover of the first connection based at least in part on determining that the second connection is to be handed over.

[0032] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the second connection with the first base station using the second RAT can be an anchor carrier connection, and the first connection with the first base station can be a supplemental uplink connection using the first RAT. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above can further include processes, features, means, or instructions for establishing a third connection with the first base station or a different base station using the first RAT. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the handover of the first connection can be performed independent of a second handover of the third connection. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the first base station includes a first serving cell for the first RAT that can be collocated with a second serving cell for the second RAT.

[0033] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above can further include processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving configuration information for a handover of the first connection to the second connection. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the configuration information can be received in RRC signaling from the first base station. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the first RAT can be an NR or 5G RAT, and the second RAT can be an LTE or 4G RAT. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communications system that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 2 An example of a portion of a wireless communications system that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 3 An example of a portion of a wireless communications system that utilizes multiple radio access technologies having overlapping coverage that support mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 4 An example of a handover between base stations of a wireless communications system that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 5 Another example of a handover between base stations of a wireless communications system that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 6 And 7 A block diagram of a wireless device that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 8 A block diagram of a communications manager that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 9A block diagram illustrating a system including a device that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figures 10 to 13 A flow diagram illustrating a method for mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Various described techniques provide one or more aspects of a first transmission of a first radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., a 5G or New Radio (NR) RAT) to be determined based on a transmission of a second RAT (e.g., a 4G or Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAT). In some cases, a user equipment (UE) can establish a connection using the first RAT with a high band component and a low band component, which can each use a wireless channel in a different frequency band. In some cases, the low band component can be in a lower frequency band than the high band component, and can be used for a supplemental uplink (SUL) transmission from the UE. Further, the SUL transmission of the first RAT using the low band component can not have an associated downlink transmission. In various examples, aspects of the low band component of the first RAT can be determined based on one or more downlink transmissions of the second RAT. In some cases, the UE can identify a received power of a downlink transmission of the second RAT, and determine an uplink transmission power for the SUL transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the received power of the second RAT. In some cases, a reference timing of the second RAT can be used to determine an uplink timing for the SUL transmission of the first RAT. In some cases, the UE can establish a first connection with a first base station using the first RAT, and establish a second connection with the first base station using the second RAT, and initiate a handover of the first connection based on determining that the second connection is to be handed over to a second base station.

[0044] In some cases, a UE can have the capability to communicate using two or more RATs, such as a 5G or NR RAT and a 4G or LTE RAT. Further, in some cases, base stations using the two or more RATs can have overlapping coverage, and in some cases, the base stations can have collocated transmitters for the two or more RATs. For example, a base station can have a collocated NR cell and LTE cell. For example, the NR cell and the LTE cell can be collocated at a same call site, at a same antenna tower, at a same antenna pole, or at a same antenna or set of antennas.

[0045] In some cases, a first set of base stations can support both NR cells and LTE cells, and a second set of base stations can support only NR cells. In such cases, the first set of base stations can use low-band transmissions in a lower frequency band (e.g., a 600 MHz band), and the second set of base stations can use high-band transmissions in a higher frequency band (e.g., a 4 GHz band). In some cases, UE uplink transmissions on high-band transmissions can result in link budget limitations (e.g., due to higher propagation losses for high-band transmissions relative to low-band transmissions), and in some cases, high-band transmissions are time division duplex (TDD) transmissions with a relatively low duty cycle for uplink transmissions. In such cases, low-band SUL transmissions can be beneficial to provide additional uplink transmission capacity to the UE. Further, in some cases, NR SUL transmissions can not have a corresponding low-band downlink transmission. In such cases, the UE can not have an associated low-band downlink transmission for purposes of power control, reference timing, and handover determination. Various aspects of the present disclosure present techniques for such power control, reference timing, and handover determination.

[0046] As indicated above, various aspects of the present disclosure provide one or more aspects of a first transmission of a first RAT to be determined based on a transmission of a second RAT. In some cases, a UE can identify a received power of a downlink transmission of the second RAT, such as a downlink reference signal transmission of the second RAT. In some cases, the downlink transmission of the second RAT can be from a cell collocated with a cell receiving a first uplink transmission of the second RAT. The UE can determine an uplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT. Additionally or alternatively, a reference timing of the second RAT can be used to determine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission. In some cases, the UE can establish a first connection with a first RAT cell, establish a second connection with a second RAT cell collocated with the first RAT cell, and initiate a handover of the first connection based on determining to handover the second connection.

[0047] Aspects of the present disclosure are initially described in the context of a wireless communications system. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies.

[0048] Figure 1Examples of wireless communications systems 100 that support mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies are shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 includes base stations 105, UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 can be a LTE network, a LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, a NR network, or support of one or more of the same. In some cases, wireless communications system 100 can support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, or communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices. In some cases, mobility, timing, or power control aspects of one RAT can be used to determine mobility, timing, or power control for one or more transmissions of a second RAT.

[0049] Base stations 105 can wirelessly communicate with UEs 115 via one or more base station antennas. Base stations 105 described herein can include or can be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which can be referred to as a gNB), a Home NodeB, or a Home eNodeB. Wireless communications system 100 can include base stations 105 of different types (e.g., macro or small cell base stations). The UEs 115 described herein can be able to communicate with various types of base stations 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations, and the like.

[0050] Each base station 105 can be associated with a particular geographic coverage area 110 in which communication with various UEs 115 is supported. Each base station 105 can provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110 via communication links 125 and communication links 125 between a base station 105 and a UE 115 can utilize one or more carriers. Communication links 125 shown in wireless communications system 100 can include uplink transmissions from a UE 115 to a base station 105, or downlink transmissions from a base station 105 to a UE 115. Downlink transmissions can also be called forward link transmissions while uplink transmissions can also be called reverse link transmissions.

[0051] The geographic coverage area 110 for a base station 105 can be divided into sectors making up only a portion of the geographic coverage area 110, and each sector can be associated with a cell. For example, each base station 105 can provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or various combinations of these. In some examples, a base station 105 can be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographic coverage area 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can overlap, and overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can be supported by the same base station 105 or by different base stations 105. The wireless communications system 100 can include, for example, a heterogeneous LTE / LTE-A or R network in which different types of base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110.

[0052] The term “cell” can refer to a logical communication entity used for communicating with base stations 105 (e.g., on a carrier) and can be associated with identifiers (e.g., physical cell identifier (PCID), virtual cell identifier (VCID)) used to distinguish neighboring cells. In some examples, a carrier can support a number of cells, and different cells can be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or other types) that can provide access for different types of devices. In some cases, the term “cell” can refer to a portion of a geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical entity operates.

[0053] UEs 115 can be dispersed throughout the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 can also be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” can also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client. A UE 115 can be a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 can also refer to a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or an MTC device, among other examples, which can be implemented in various articles such as an appliance, a vehicle, a meter, or the like.

[0054] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, can be low cost or low complexity devices, and can provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC can refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a base station 105 without the need for human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC can include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay that information to a central server or application program that can make use of that information or present that information to humans in human-readable form. Some UEs 115 can be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.

[0055] The base stations 105 can communicate with the core network 130 and with one another. For example, the base stations 105 can interface with the core network 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., via an SI or other interface). The base stations 105 can communicate with one another over backhaul links 134 (e.g., via an X2 or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130).

[0056] The core network 130 can provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC), which can include at least one mobility management entity (MME), at least one serving gateway (S-GW), and at least one Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW). The MME can manage non-access stratum (e.g., control plane) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by base stations 105 associated with the EPC. User IP packets can be transferred through the S-GW, which itself can be connected to the P-GW. The P-GW can provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The P-GW can be connected to the network operators IP services. The operators IP services can include access to the Internet, Intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched (PS) streaming service.

[0057] At least some of the network devices, such as a base station 105, can include subcomponents such as an access network entity, which can be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity can communicate with UEs 115 through a number of other access network transmission entities, which can be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission / reception points (TRPs). In some configurations, various functions of each access network entity or base station 105 can be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station 105).

[0058] Wireless communications system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. In general, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band, since the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features. However, the waves can penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter range (e.g., less than 100 km) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies and long waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0059] Wireless communications system 100 can also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band. The SHF region includes bands such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, which can be used opportunistically by devices that can be capable of tolerating interference from other users.

[0060] Wireless communications system 100 can also operate in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region using frequency bands from 30 GHz to 300 GHz, also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, wireless communications system 100 can support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UEs 115 and base stations 105, and EHF antennas of each device can be even smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some cases, this can facilitate use of antenna arrays within a UE 115. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions can be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation than SHF or UHF transmissions, and can therefore be subject to a line of sight propagation path. Techniques disclosed herein can be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions can differ by country or regulating body.

[0061] In some cases, the wireless communications system 100 can utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 can employ License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz ISM band. When operating in unlicensed

[0062] Wireless communications system 100 can be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer can be IP -based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer can in some cases perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer can perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer can also use hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer can provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a base station 105 or core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the physical (PHY) layer, transport channels can be mapped to physical channels.

[0063] In some cases, UEs 115 and base stations 105 can support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. HARQ feedback is one technique of increasing the likelihood that data is received successfully. HARQ can include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., signal-to-noise conditions). In some cases, a wireless device can support same-slot HARQ feedback, where the device can provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received in a previous symbol in the slot. In other cases, the device can provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.

[0064] The term “carrier” refers to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communications over a communication link 125. For example, a carrier of a communication link 125 can include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band that is operated according to physical layer channels for a given radio access technology. Each physical layer channel can carry user data, control information, or other signaling. A carrier can be associated with a pre-defined frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN)) and can be positioned relative to other carriers according to a channel raster. Carriers can be downlink or uplink (e.g., in an FDD mode). In some examples, signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier can be composed of multiple sub-carriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)).

[0065] The organizational structure for carriers can be different for different radio access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, NR, etc.). For example, communications over a carrier can be organized as time slots or TTIs, each of which can include user data as well as control information or signaling to support decoding the user data. A carrier can also include dedicated acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals or system information) and control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier. In some examples, a carrier can also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers (e.g., in carrier aggregation configurations).

[0066] Physical channels can be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel can be multiplexed on a downlink carrier (e.g., using time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques). In some examples, control information transmitted in a physical control channel can be distributed between different control regions in a cascaded manner (e.g., between a common control region or common search space and one or more UE specific control regions or UE specific search spaces).

[0067] A carrier can be associated with a particular bandwidth of the radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples the carrier bandwidth can be referred to as a "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth can be one of a number of predetermined bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 MHz). The wireless communications system 100 can support communication with a UE 115 on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which can be referred to as carrier aggregation (CA) or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 can be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers depending on the carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation can be used with both FDD and TDD component carriers.

[0068] In some examples, each served UE 115 can be configured for operation on a portion or all of the carrier bandwidth. In other examples, some UEs 115 can be configured to use a narrowband protocol type associated with a predefined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or RBs) within a carrier (e.g., “in-band” deployment of a narrowband protocol type). In some cases, a UE 115 can be configured with one or more high-band carriers and one or more low-band SUL carriers. In some cases, a low-band SUL carrier can not have an associated downlink transmission, and the UE 115 can identify a downlink transmission of a different RAT (e.g., a downlink transmission of the same or a relatively close frequency band as the frequency band for the SUL carrier) and use one or more measurements of the identified downlink transmission to determine an uplink transmission power for low-band SUL transmissions, timing information for low-band SUL transmissions, whether to handover low-band SUL transmissions to a different base station, or any combination thereof.

[0069] Figure 2 An example of a portion of a wireless communications system 200 that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communications system 200 can implement aspects of the wireless communications system 100. The wireless communications system 200 can include a first base station 105-a, a second base station 105-b, a third base station 105-c, and a fourth base station 105-d, which can be examples of base stations 105 described with reference to FIG. 1. The wireless communications system 200 can also include a first UE 115-a, a second UE 115-b, and a third UE 115-c, which can be examples of UEs 115 described with reference to FIG. 1. Figure 2 In the example of FIG. 2, the wireless communications system 200 can include a first base station 105-a, a second base station 105-b, a third base station 105-c, and a fourth base station 105-d, which can be examples of base stations 105 described with reference to FIG. 1. The wireless communications system 200 can also include a first UE 115-a, a second UE 115-b, and a third UE 115-c, which can be examples of UEs 115 described with reference to FIG. 1. Figure 1 In the example of FIG. 2, the wireless communications system 200 can include a first base station 105-a, a second base station 105-b, a third base station 105-c, and a fourth base station 105-d, which can be examples of base stations 105 described with reference to FIG. 1. The wireless communications system 200 can also include a first UE 115-a, a second UE 115-b, and a third UE 115-c, which can be examples of UEs 115 described with reference to FIG. 1. Figure 1 In the example of FIG. 2, the wireless communications system 200 can include a first base station 105-a, a second base station 105-b, a third base station 105-c, and a fourth base station 105-d, which can be examples of base stations 105 described with reference to FIG. 1. The wireless communications system 200 can also include a first UE 115-a, a second UE 115-b, and a third UE 115-c, which can be examples of UEs 115 described with reference to FIG. 1.

[0070] In this example, the first base station 105-a can have a relatively large first geographic coverage area 205 and can support transmissions at a relatively low frequency. For example, the first base station 105-a can support SUL transmissions. The second base station 105-b can have a relatively small second geographic coverage area 210 and can support transmissions at a relatively high frequency. Likewise, the third base station 105-c can have a relatively small third geographic coverage area 215 and the fourth base station 105-d can have a relatively small fourth geographic coverage area 220, and each of the third base station 105-c and the fourth base station 105-d can support transmissions at a relatively high frequency. In this example, the first UE 115-a can have a high-band connection 225 established with the second base station 105-b and can send a low-band transmission 240 to the first base station 105-a. Similarly, the second UE 115-b can have a high-band connection 230 established with the third base station 105-c and send a low-band transmission 245 to the first base station 105-a. Likewise, the third UE 115-c can have a high-band connection 235 established with the fourth base station 105-d and can send a low-band transmission 250 to the first base station 105-a.

[0071] As described above, the high-band connections 225, 230, and 235 can use a relatively high frequency. In some examples, the high-band connections 225, 230, and 235 can use a frequency in the range of 4 GHz or higher. In some cases, the high-band connections 225, 230, and 235 can be beamformed mmW transmissions. The low-band transmissions 240, 245, and 250 can use a relatively low frequency, such as a frequency in the range of 600 MHz. In some cases, the low-band transmissions 240, 245, and 250 can be uplink transmissions only, in accordance with SUL transmission techniques. In some examples, the high-band connections 225, 230, and 235 can be TDD transmissions with a high-band TDD downlink portion 255 and a high-band TDD uplink portion 260. The low-band transmissions 240, 245, and 250 can have a low-band uplink portion 265.

[0072] As described above, in some cases, the high-band connections 225, 230, and 235 can result in link budget limitations (e.g., due to higher propagation losses for high-band transmissions relative to low-band transmissions), and the low-band transmissions 240, 245, and 250 can be SUL transmissions that enhance uplink transmissions of the high-band connections 225, 230, and 235. Further, as described above, the low-band transmissions 240, 245, and 250 can not have corresponding low-band downlink transmissions. In some cases, the UE 115 can rely on paired downlink transmissions to determine uplink power control or timing of associated uplink transmissions. Since the low-band transmissions 240, 245, and 250 in this example do not have such paired downlink transmissions, other techniques can be used to determine uplink power control or timing information. In some cases, the UE 115 can be configured to use a closed loop power control technique. In some cases, the uplink transmit power P PUSCH,c may be determined according to the following equation:

[0073] where P CMAX,c (i) is the maximum uplink transmit power, M PUSCH,c (i) is the number of resource blocks (RBs) of the SUL transmission, P O_PUSCH,c (j) is a reference transmit power for the SUL data channel, where j corresponds to a semi-persistent or random access transmission, a c (j) is a fractional power control parameter, PL c a path loss component (e.g., computed as a reference signal transmit power minus a reference signal received power (RSRP)), D TF,c (i) is a transmission format adjustment, and f c (i) is a power control adjustment.

[0074] In some examples, the UE 115 can set a c (j) to zero, and the value of P O_PUSCH,c (j) can be configured via control signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). In such cases, the UE 115 can be configured with a fixed transmission power as a starting transmission power, and closed loop power control signaling can be used to adjust the transmission power by indications of the P O_PUSCH,c (j) value. In some examples, the UE 115 can initiate a random access transmission using a fixed starting transmit power, and perform a power ramp-up based on an open loop random access power technique until closed loop power control is established. In other examples, such as with reference to Figure 3 As described, the open loop power control technique can be implemented by using one or more transmissions of a different RAT to perform measurements for determining uplink power.

[0075] Figure 3 Examples of a portion of a wireless communication system 300 utilizing multiple wireless access technologies are shown according to various aspects of this disclosure, the multiple wireless access technologies having overlapping coverage supporting mobility and power control techniques across the multiple wireless access technologies. In some examples, the wireless communication system 300 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. Figure 3 In the example, the wireless communication system 300 may include a first base station 105-e, a second base station 105-f, a third base station 105-g, and a fourth base station 105-h, which may be Figure 1 An example of base station 105. The wireless communication system 300 may also include a first UE 115-d, a second UE 115-e, and a third UE 115-f, which may be... Figure 1 Example of a UE.

[0076] In this example, the first base station 105-e may have a relatively large first geographical coverage area 305 and may support transmission at a relatively low frequency. For example, the first base station 105-e may support low-frequency band transmission. The second base station 105-f may have a relatively small second geographical coverage area 310 and may support transmission at a relatively high frequency. Similarly, the third base station 105-g may have a relatively small third geographical coverage area 315, and the fourth base station 105-h may have a relatively small fourth geographical coverage area 320, and each of the third base station 105-g and the fourth base station 105-h may support transmission at a relatively high frequency. In this example, the first UE 115-d may have a high-frequency band connection 325 established with the second base station 105-f and may transmit low-frequency band transmission 340 to the first base station 105-e. Similarly, the second UE 115-e may have a high-frequency band connection 330 established with the third base station 105-g and may transmit low-frequency band transmission 345 to the first base station 105-e. Similarly, the third UE 115-f may have a high-frequency band connection 335 established with the fourth base station 105-h, and may transmit low-frequency band data 350 to the first base station 105-e.

[0077] As described above, high-frequency band connections 325, 330, and 335 can use relatively high frequencies (e.g., frequencies in the 4 GHz range or higher, or beamformed mmW transmission). Low-frequency band connections 340, 345, and 350 can use relatively low frequencies (such as frequencies in the 600 MHz range). In some cases, according to SUL transmission technology, low-frequency band connections 340, 345, and 350 can be uplink-only transmissions. In some examples, high-frequency band connections 325, 330, and 335 can be TDD transmissions (such as those mentioned above).Figure 2 (As discussed above), and low-frequency transmissions 340, 345, and 350 can be low-frequency uplink transmissions (such as those mentioned above). Figure 2 (As discussed).

[0078] exist Figure 3 In the example, the first base station 105-e can support communication using multiple RATs (e.g., 4G RAT and 5G RAT). In this case, low-frequency band transmissions 340, 345, and 350 can be transmissions of the first RAT (e.g., 5G or NR RAT), and the first base station 105-e can also transmit downlink transmissions of the second RAT (e.g., 4G or LTE RAT) (such as downlink reference signals of the second RAT). In this example, the first base station 105-e can transmit a first downlink signal 355 that can be received at the first UE 115-d, a second downlink signal 360 that can be received at the second UE 115-e, and a third downlink signal 365 that can be received at the third UE 115-f. In this case, each UE 115 in the UE 115 can determine the uplink transmit power P according to the uplink transmit power equation described above. PUSCH,c :

[0079]

[0080] Various components and references Figure 2 The same applies to the discussion, and in this case, UE 115 does not use α c The value of (j) is set to zero, but the factor is set according to the established partial power control technique, and PL is calculated using reference signals of downlink signals 355, 360, and 365. c This is to perform open-loop power control. In some examples, the first base station 105-e can transmit an LTE downlink reference signal according to the established technology, and each UE can measure the RSRP of the downlink reference signal and calculate the power PL based on the transmit power of the reference signal minus the RSRP. cIn such cases, the UE 115 can select a downlink carrier frequency on which to measure RSRP as a frequency that is relatively close to the frequency used for the SUL low band transmissions 340, 345, and 350. In some cases, the receiver of the SUL low band transmissions 340, 345, and 350 can be collocated with the transmitter of the downlink signals 355, 360, and 365, and thus power control of the SUL low band transmissions 340, 345, and 350 based on measurements of the downlink signals 355, 360, and 365 can provide accurate uplink transmission power. In some cases, the UE 115 can be configured (such as via RRC signaling) with a cell of the first base station 105-e that the UE 115 is to use to measure downlink reference signals in order to compute a path loss parameter for uplink power control.

[0081] Further, in some cases, one or more timing parameters associated with the SUL low band transmissions 340, 345, and 350 can be determined based on measurements of the downlink signals 355, 360, and 365. As described above, the SUL low band transmissions 340, 345, and 350 do not have paired downlink transmissions, and thus timing information for the SUL low band transmissions 340, 345, and 350 can also be determined based on the downlink signals 355, 360, and 365. In some cases, timing information of the LTE cell associated with the downlink signals 355, 360, and 365 can be used to determine uplink timing for the SUL low band transmissions 340, 345, and 350. Such timing information can be used on a timing advance group (TAG) of the LTE cell, and determined according to established LTE timing advance techniques.

[0082] Figure 4 Examples of handover between base stations of a wireless communication system 400 that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies are shown in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communication system 400 can implement aspects of the wireless communication systems 100, 200, or 300. In Figure 4 In examples, the wireless communication system 500 can include a first base station 105-i, a second base station 105-j, and a second base station 105-k, which can be examples of base stations 105 of Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 3 the wireless communication system 300 can also include a UE 115-g, which can be an example of a UE of Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 3 the wireless communication system 300 can also include a UE 115-g, which can be an example of a UE of

[0083] In this example, the first base station 105-i can support a high-band connection 405 on a first RAT, such as a 5G or NR RAT. The UE 115-g can establish the high-band connection 405, and also establish a first low-band SUL transmission 410 to the second base station 105-j. Additionally, the UE 115-g can establish a first anchor carrier connection 415 with the second base station 105-j. The first anchor carrier connection 415 can be, for example, an LTE or 4G anchor carrier. In this example, the UE 115-g can move from a first location to a second location such that the third base station 105-k can be better able to support low-band communications with the UE 115-g. In such a case, a handover can be initiated to hand over the UE 115-g from the second base station 105-j to the third base station 105-k. In such a case, the handover can be initiated based on measurements associated with the first anchor carrier connection 415, and can result in a second anchor carrier connection 420 being established with the third base station 105-k. In such a case, the first low-band SUL transmission 410 can also be handed over to the third base station 105-k, and a second low-band SUL transmission 425 can be formed from the UE 115-g to the third base station 105-k. In some cases, the UE 115-g can be configured (e.g., via RRC signaling) to hand over the first low-band SUL transmission 410 based on the anchor carrier. In this case, the high-band connection 405 can remain at the first base station 105-i, and thus a handover of the high-band connection can be performed independent of a handover of the low-band connection. In other cases (such as described below and illustrated in FIG. 4), the high-band transmission and the low-band transmission can have aligned handover boundaries, for example when a cell supporting the high-band connection is collocated with a cell supporting the low-band SUL transmission. Figure 5 In this example, the first base station 105-i can support a high-band connection 405 on a first RAT, such as a 5G or NR RAT. The UE 115-g can establish the high-band connection 405, and also establish a first low-band SUL transmission 410 to the second base station 105-j. Additionally, the UE 115-g can establish a first anchor carrier connection 415 with the second base station 105-j. The first anchor carrier connection 415 can be, for example, an LTE or 4G anchor carrier. In this example, the UE 115-g can move from a first location to a second location such that the third base station 105-k can be better able to support low-band communications with the UE 115-g. In such a case, a handover can be initiated to hand over the UE 115-g from the second base station 105-j to the third base station 105-k. In such a case, the handover can be initiated based on measurements associated with the first anchor carrier connection 415, and can result in a second anchor carrier connection 420 being established with the third base station 105-k. In such a case, the first low-band SUL transmission 410 can also be handed over to the third base station 105-k, and a second low-band SUL transmission 425 can be formed from the UE 115-g to the third base station 105-k. In some cases, the UE 115-g can be configured (e.g., via RRC signaling) to hand over the first low-band SUL transmission 410 based on the anchor carrier. In this case, the high-band connection 405 can remain at the first base station 105-i, and thus a handover of the high-band connection can be performed independent of a handover of the low-band connection. In other cases (such as described below and illustrated in FIG. 4), the high-band transmission and the low-band transmission can have aligned handover boundaries, for example when a cell supporting the high-band connection is collocated with a cell supporting the low-band SUL transmission.

[0084] Figure 5 Another example of a handover between base stations of a wireless communication system 500 that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communication system 500 can implement aspects of the wireless communication systems 100, 200, or 300. In Figure 5 In the example of FIG. 5, the wireless communication system 500 can include a first base station 105-l and a second base station 105-m, which can be examples of the base stations 105 of Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 3 . The wireless communication system 300 can also include a UE 115-h, which can be an example of the UEs of Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 3 .

[0085] In this example, the first base station 105-1 can support both a first high band connection 505 on a first RAT (such as a 5G or NR RAT) and a first low band SUL transmission 510 on the first RAT. Additionally, the UE 115-h can establish a first anchor carrier connection 515 with the first base station 105-1. The first anchor carrier connection 515 can be, for example, a LTE or 4G anchor carrier. In this example, the UE 115-1 can move from a first location to a second location such that the second base station 105-m can be better able to support communications with the UE 115-h. In such a case, a handover can be initiated to handover the UE 115-h from the first base station 105-1 to the second base station 105-m. In such a case, the handover can be initiated based on measurements associated with the first anchor carrier connection 515 and can result in the establishment of a second anchor carrier connection 520 with the second base station 105-m. In such a case, the first low band SUL transmission 510 and the first high band connection 505 can also be handed over to the second base station 105-m and a second low band SUL transmission 525 and a second high band connection 530 can be formed from the UE 115-h to the second base station 105-m.

[0086] In some cases, the UE 115-h can be configured (e.g., via RRC signaling) to handover the first low band SUL transmission 510 and the first high band connection 505 based on the anchor carrier. In this case, the first high band connection 505 handover can be aligned with the low band connection boundary. In some cases where the cell serving the high band connection is collocated with the cell supporting the SUL low band transmission, this technique can be used.

[0087] Figure 6 A block diagram 600 of a wireless device 605 that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device 605 can be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. Wireless device 605 can include receiver 610, communications manager 615, and transmitter 620. Wireless device 605 can also include a processor. Each of these components can be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0088] Receiver 610 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies, etc.). Information can be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver 610 can be an example of aspects of the described transceiver 935. The receiver 610 can utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. Figure 9

[0089] ​The communications manager 615 can be an example of aspects of the communications manager 910 described with reference to FIG. 9. Figure 9 Examples of aspects of the described communications manager 915.

[0090] The communications manager 615 and / or at least some of its various subcomponents can be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager 615 and / or at least some of its various sub-components can be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure. The communications manager 615 and / or at least some of its various sub-components can be physically located in various places, including but not limited to with the GNB, at each NodeB or other hardware component within the access network, in or outside a centralized location, in or outside a distributed location, etc. In some examples, at least some of the various sub-components of the communications manager 615 and / or communications manager 615 can be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In other examples, at least some of the various sub-components of the communications manager 615 and / or communications manager 615 can be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an I / O component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0091] The communications manager 615 can identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT, determine a first uplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based on the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power.

[0092] The communications manager 615 can also identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify a reference timing of a second RAT different from the first RAT, determine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based on the reference timing of the second RAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing.

[0093] The communications manager 615 can also establish a first connection with a first base station using a first RAT, establish a second connection with the first base station using a second RAT, determine that the second connection is to be handed over to a second base station, and initiate a handover of the first connection based on the determination that the second connection is to be handed over.

[0094] The transmitter 620 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter 620 can be collocated with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 620 can be a component of the Figure 9 The transmitter 620 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter 620 can be collocated with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 620 can be a component of the

[0095] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 of a wireless device 705 that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless device 705 can be an example of aspects of a wireless device 605 or a UE 115 as described with reference to Figure 6 The wireless device 705 can include a receiver 710, a communications manager 715, and a transmitter 720. The wireless device 705 can also include a processor. Each of these components can be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0096] The receiver 710 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies, etc.). Information can be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver 710 can be an example of aspects of the transceiver 935 described with reference to Figure 9 The receiver 710 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies, etc.). Information can be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver 710 can be an example of aspects of the transceiver 935 described with reference to

[0097] The communications manager 715 can be an example of aspects of the communications manager 915 described with reference to Figure 9 The communications manager 715 can include a first RAT transmission manager 725, a measurement component 730, a power determination component 735, a timing manager 740, and a handover manager 745. The communications manager 715 can be an example of aspects of the communications manager 915 described with reference to

[0098] The first RAT transmission manager 725 can identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT. The first uplink transmission can use an uplink transmission power, an uplink timing, or a combination thereof determined based on a downlink transmission of a second RAT. The first RAT transmission manager 725 can transmit the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing and transmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power. In some cases, a first connection can be established with a first base station using the first RAT and a second connection can be established with the first base station using the second RAT. In some cases, the first RAT is an NR or 5G RAT and the second RAT is an LTE or 4G RAT. In some cases, a transmitter of the downlink transmission of the second RAT is collocated with a receiver of the first uplink transmission. In some cases, the downlink transmission of the second RAT is transmitted using a frequency within a same frequency band as a frequency of a supplemental uplink transmission. In some cases, the second connection with the first base station using the second RAT is an anchor carrier connection and the first connection with the first base station is a supplemental uplink connection using the first RAT. In some cases, the first base station includes a first serving cell for the first RAT that is collocated with a second serving cell for the second RAT.

[0099] The measurement component 730 can identify a received power (e.g., RSRP) of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT. In some cases, identifying the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT further includes identifying the downlink transmission of the second RAT, measuring the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT, and determining a path loss associated with the downlink transmission of the second RAT based on the measured received power.

[0100] The power determination component 735 can determine a first uplink transmission power for a first uplink transmission of a first RAT based on a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT. In some cases, determining the first uplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT further includes using a path loss associated with the downlink transmission of the second RAT as a reference serving cell path loss in an uplink power calculation for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT.

[0101] The timing manager 740 can identify a reference timing of a second RAT different from the first RAT and determine an uplink timing for a first uplink transmission of the first RAT based on the reference timing of the second RAT. In some cases, determining the uplink timing further includes identifying a timing advance group (TAG) of the first RAT with a timing advance (TA) based on the reference timing of the second RAT.

[0102] The handover manager 745 can determine that the second connection is to be handed over to a second base station and initiate a handover of the first connection based on determining to hand over the second connection. In some cases, the handover of the first connection is performed independent of a second handover of the third connection.

[0103] The transmitter 720 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter 720 can be collocated with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 720 can be a component of the Figure 9 The transmitter 720 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter 720 can be collocated with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 720 can be a component of the

[0104] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 of a communications manager 815 that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communications manager 815 can be an example of aspects of the communications manager 615, the communications manager 715, or the communications manager 915 described with reference to FIGs. 6, 7, and 9. Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 9 The communications manager 815 can include a first RAT transmission manager 820, a measurement component 825, a power determination component 830, a timing manager 835, a handover manager 840, a low band transmission manager 845, a high band transmission manager 850, a random access manager 855, and a configuration manager 860. Each of these modules can communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0105] The first RAT transmission manager 820 can identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT. The first uplink transmission can use an uplink transmission power, an uplink timing, or a combination thereof determined based on a downlink transmission of a second RAT. The first RAT transmission manager 820 can transmit the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing and transmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power. In some cases, a first connection can be established with a first base station using the first RAT and a second connection can be established with the first base station using the second RAT. In some cases, the first RAT is an NR or 5G RAT and the second RAT is an LTE or 4G RAT. In some cases, a transmitter of the downlink transmission of the second RAT is collocated with a receiver of the first uplink transmission. In some cases, the downlink transmission of the second RAT is transmitted using a frequency within a same frequency band as a frequency of a supplemental uplink transmission. In some cases, the second connection with the first base station using the second RAT is an anchor carrier connection and the first connection with the first base station is a supplemental uplink connection using the first RAT. In some cases, the first base station includes a first serving cell for the first RAT that is collocated with a second serving cell for the second RAT.

[0106] The measurement component 825 can identify a received power (e.g., RSRP) of a downlink transmission of a second RAT that is different from the first RAT. In some cases, identifying the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT further includes identifying the downlink transmission of the second RAT, measuring the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT, and determining a path loss associated with the downlink transmission of the second RAT based on the measured received power.

[0107] The power determination component 830 can determine a first uplink transmission power for a first uplink transmission of a first RAT based on a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT. In some cases, determining the first uplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT further includes using a path loss associated with the downlink transmission of the second RAT as a reference serving cell path loss in an uplink power calculation for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT.

[0108] The timing manager 835 can identify a reference timing of a second RAT that is different from the first RAT and determine an uplink timing for a first uplink transmission of the first RAT based on the reference timing of the second RAT. In some cases, determining the uplink timing further includes identifying a TAG of the first RAT with a TA based on the reference timing of the second RAT.

[0109] The handover manager 840 can determine that the second connection is to be handed over to a second base station and initiate a handover of the first connection based on the determination to hand over the second connection. In some cases, the handover of the first connection is performed independent of a second handover of the third connection.

[0110] The low band transmission manager 845 can manage one or more low band SUL transmissions. In some cases, the first uplink transmission is a supplemental uplink transmission of the first RAT (e.g., a low band supplemental uplink transmission), and wherein the downlink transmission of the first RAT (e.g., a high band downlink transmission) can be received at a frequency in a different frequency band than the frequency of the supplemental uplink transmission.

[0111] The high band transmission manager 850 can manage one or more high band connections. In some cases, the downlink transmission of the first RAT can not be used to determine the first uplink transmission power for the supplemental uplink transmission.

[0112] The random access manager 855 can perform a random access procedure for the connection. In some cases, the first uplink transmission is a random access channel (RACH) transmission, and the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT is used for open loop power control and ramping up of the random access procedure.

[0113] The configuration manager 860 can receive configuration information that links the downlink transmission of the second RAT to the first uplink transmission of the first RAT, receive configuration information that links an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT to a reference timing of the second RAT. In some cases, the configuration information is received in RRC signaling from a base station of the first RAT.

[0114] Figure 9 A diagram illustrating a system 900 including a device 905 that supports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 905 can be an example of or include the components of wireless device 605, wireless device 705, or a UE 115 as described above, e.g., with reference to Figure 6 and Figure 7 ) or a base station 105 as described above, e.g., with reference to Figure 6 and Figure 7The components of wireless device 605, wireless device 705, or UE 115 described above can be implemented as components of a wireless device 905. Device 905 can include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communications manager 915, a processor 920, memory 925, software 930, a transceiver 935, an antenna 940, and an I / O controller 945. These components can be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 910). Device 905 can communicate wirelessly with one or more base stations 105.

[0115] The processor 920 can include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general- purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 920 can be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller can be integrated into the processor 920. The processor 920 can be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory to perform various

[0116] The memory 925 can include random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). The memory 925 can store computer-readable, computer-executable software 930 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some aspects, the memory 925 can contain, among other computer-readable or computer- executable instructions, a basic input / output system (BIOS) which can control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0117] The software 930 can include code to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including code to support mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies. The software 930 can be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, the software 930 can not be directly executable by the processor but can cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.

[0118] The transceiver 935 can communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver 935 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 935 can also include a modem to modulate the packets and to provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas. The processor 920 can be configured to operate a modem (e.g., the transceiver 935) using a software or firmware program operating system residing in the memory 925 that can be written in any of a variety of computer readable instructions.

[0119] In some cases, the wireless device can include a single antenna 940. However, in some cases the device can have more than one antenna 940, which can be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

[0120] The I / O controller 945 can manage input and output signals for the device 905. The I / O controller 945 can also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I / O controller 945 can represent a physical connection or port to or other known operating systems). In other cases, the I / O controller 945 can represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or similar devices. In some cases, the I / O controller 945 can be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user can interact with the device 905 via the I / O controller 945 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 945.

[0121] Figure 10 A flow diagram illustrating a method 1000 for mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Operations of the method 1000 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 can be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to FIG. 10. In some examples, a UE 115 can execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 can perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. Figures 6 to 9

[0122] At 1005, the UE 115 can identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT. The operations of 1005 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 can be performed by a first RAT transmission manager as described with reference to FIG. 10. Figures 6 to 9

[0123] At 1010, the UE 115 can identify a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT. The operations of 1010 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 can be performed by a measurement component as described with reference to FIG. 10. Figures 6 to 9

[0124] ​​​At block 1015, the UE 115 can determine a first uplink transmission power for a first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT. The operations of block 1015 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1015 can be performed by a power determination component as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 FIG. 19.

[0125] At block 1020, the UE 115 can transmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power. The operations of block 1020 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1020 can be performed by a first RAT transmission manager as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 FIG. 19.

[0126] Figure 11 A flow diagram illustrating a method 1100 for mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1100 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1100 can be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 FIG. 19, in some examples, a UE 115 can execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 can perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

[0127] At block 1105, the UE 115 can identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using a first RAT. The operations of block 1105 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1105 can be performed by a first RAT transmission manager as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 FIG. 19.

[0128] At block 1110, the UE 115 can identify a reference timing of a second RAT different from the first RAT. The operations of block 1110 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1110 can be performed by a timing manager as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 FIG. 19.

[0129] At block 1115, the UE 115 can determine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the reference timing of the second RAT. The operations of block 1115 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1115 can be performed by a timing manager as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 FIG. 19.

[0130] At block 1120, the UE 115 can transmit the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing. The operations of block 1120 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1120 can be performed by a first RAT transmission manager as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 FIG. 15.

[0131] Figure 12 A flow diagram illustrating a method 1200 for mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1200 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1200 can be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 FIG. 15, in some examples, a UE 115 can execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 can perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

[0132] At block 1205, the UE 115 can establish a first connection with a first base station using a first RAT and a second connection with the first base station using a second RAT. The operations of block 1205 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1205 can be performed by a first RAT transmission manager as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 FIG. 15.

[0133] At block 1210, the UE 115 can determine that the second connection is to be handed over to a second base station. The operations of block 1210 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1210 can be performed by a handover manager as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 FIG. 15.

[0134] At block 1215, the UE 115 can initiate a handover of the first connection based at least in part on determining to hand over the second connection. The operations of block 1215 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1215 can be performed by a handover manager as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 FIG. 15.

[0135] Figure 13 A flow diagram illustrating a method 1300 for mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1300 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1300 can be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9The described communication manager performs. In some examples, the UE 115 can execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 can perform aspects the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

[0136] At block 1305, the UE 115 can establish a first connection with a first base station using a first RAT and a second connection with the first base station using a second RAT. The operations of block 1305 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1305 can be performed by a first RAT connection manager as described with reference to FIG. 8. Figures 6 to 9

[0137] At block 1310, the UE 115 can identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted using the first RAT. The operations of block 1310 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1310 can be performed by a first RAT transmission manager as described with reference to FIG. 8. Figures 6 to 9

[0138] At block 1315, the UE 115 can identify a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT different from the first RAT. The operations of block 1315 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1315 can be performed by a measurement component as described with reference to FIG. 8. Figures 6 to 9

[0139] At block 1320, the UE 115 can determine a first uplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the received power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT. The operations of block 1320 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1320 can be performed by a power determination component as described with reference to FIG. 8. Figures 6 to 9

[0140] At block 1325, the UE 115 can transmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power. The operations of block 1325 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1325 can be performed by a first RAT transmission manager as described with reference to FIG. 8. Figures 6 to 9

[0141] At block 1330, the UE 115 can determine that the second connection is to be handed over to a second base station. The operations of block 1330 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1330 can be performed by a handover component as described with reference to FIG. 8. Figures 6 to 9 ​​​​​The described handover manager to perform.

[0142] At block 1330, the UE 115 can initiate a handover of the first connection based at least in part on determining to handover the second connection. The operations of block 1330 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1330 can be performed by a handover manager as described with reference to FIG. 10. Figures 6 to 9 The described handover manager to perform.

[0143] In some examples, aspects from two or more of the described methods can be combined. It should be noted that the methods described are just example implementations, and that the operations of the described methods can be rearranged or otherwise modified such that other implementations are possible.

[0144] The techniques described herein can be used for various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. A CDMA system can implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, UTRA, etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Releases can be commonly referred to as CDMA2000 IX, IX, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 IxEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system can implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).

[0145] An OFDMA system can implement a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), E-UTRA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE and LTE-A are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, R, and GSM are described in documents from the organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2). The techniques described herein can be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other systems and radio technologies. While aspects of LTE or R systems can be described with

[0146] A macro cell can generally cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., 5-10 km in radius) and can allow unrestricted access by UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell, which can also be referred to as a femto cell, can include a micro cell or a pico cell, and can be associated with a lower- powered base station 105, and can have a similar range and capacity as a femto cell. A small cell can also be associated with a residential UE 115 and can be employed by the UE 115 for a residential (or home) internet protocol (IP) data connection. A small cell can also cover a small geographic area, such as a home, and can allow restricted access by UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider. A base station 105 for a macro cell can be referred to as a macro base station, a macro eNB, or a macro cell. An eNB for a small cell can be referred to as a small cell eNB, a micro eNB, a pico eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB can support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) cells, and can also support communication with a UE 115 using one or multiple component carriers.

[0147] The wireless communications system 100 or systems described herein can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations 105 can have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations 105 can be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations 105 can have different frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations 105 can not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein can be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.

[0148] Information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that can be referenced throughout the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0149] The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection with the disclosure herein can be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0150] The functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions can be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. As used herein, including in the claims, the term "and / or," when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of "at least one of A, B, or C" means A or B or C or any combination thereof (e.g., A-B, A-C, B-C, or A-B-C).

[0151] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program elements in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0152] As used herein, the phrase“based on” is not meant to limit the set of conditions to only those that precede the phrase. For example, an exemplary feature described as being“based on condition A” can be based on both condition A and condition B, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase“based on” should be interpreted as meaning the same as the phrase“based at least in part on.”

[0153] In the drawings, like reference numerals can be used to denote similar components throughout the several views. Further, various components of the same type can be distinguished by following the convention of placing the primary reference number followed by a dash and a secondary reference number that distinguishes the components. The primary reference number can be followed by a hyphen and a descriptive term that distinguishes the components. For example, a first inductor can be referred to as 42, while a second inductor can be referred to as 42-1.

[0154] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that can be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term "exemplary" used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0155] The description herein is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for conducting wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: Transmit one or more data transmissions on the first carrier in the first frequency band; Identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted on a second carrier in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band, the first uplink transmission having no associated downlink transmission for the UE in the second frequency band; Identify the received power of downlink transmission received on a third carrier in a frequency band different from the second frequency band; The first uplink transmission power for transmitting the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band is determined at least in part based on the received power of the downlink transmission received on the third carrier in the different frequency bands; as well as The first uplink transmission is transmitted in the second frequency band using the first uplink transmission power.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first uplink transmission is a supplementary uplink transmission in the second frequency band that does not have an associated downlink transmission for the UE.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: Transmitting the one or more data transmissions further includes receiving downlink transmissions in the first frequency band, wherein the downlink transmissions in the first frequency band are not used to determine the first uplink transmission power for transmitting the supplementary uplink transmissions.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The second frequency band is a frequency band that is lower than the different frequency bands.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The different frequency bands are the first frequency band.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Identifying the received power of the downlink transmission in the different frequency bands further includes identifying the downlink transmission in the different frequency bands, measuring the received power of the downlink transmission in the different frequency bands, and determining the path loss associated with the downlink transmission in the different frequency bands based at least in part on the measured received power.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: Determining the first uplink transmission power for transmitting the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band further includes using the path loss associated with the downlink transmission in the different frequency band as a reference serving cell path loss in the uplink power calculation for the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The transmitter for downlink transmission in the different frequency bands is co-located with the receiver for the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Receive configuration information that links the downlink transmission in the different frequency bands to the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The configuration information is received from the base station in Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.

11. An apparatus for conducting wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: processor; Memory coupled to the processor; as well as Instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the device to perform the following operations: Transmit one or more data transmissions on the first carrier in the first frequency band; Identify a first uplink transmission to be transmitted on a second carrier in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band, the first uplink transmission having no associated downlink transmission for the UE in the second frequency band; Identify the received power of downlink transmission received on a third carrier in a frequency band different from the second frequency band; The first uplink transmission power for transmitting the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band is determined at least in part based on the received power of the downlink transmission received on the third carrier in the different frequency bands; as well as The first uplink transmission is transmitted in the second frequency band using the first uplink transmission power.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein: The first uplink transmission is a supplementary uplink transmission in the second frequency band that does not have an associated downlink transmission for the UE.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein, The instructions can also be executed by the processor to transmit the one or more data transmissions by being executable by the processor to cause the device to perform the following operations: Receive downlink transmissions in the first frequency band, wherein the downlink transmissions in the first frequency band are not used to determine the first uplink transmission power for transmitting the supplementary uplink transmissions.

14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein: The second frequency band is a frequency band that is lower than the different frequency bands.

15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein: The different frequency bands are the first frequency band.

16. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein: The different frequency bands are a third frequency band that is different from the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

17. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The instructions can also be executed by the processor to identify the received power of the downlink transmission in the different frequency bands by making the device perform the following operations: Identify the downlink transmissions in the different frequency bands, measure the received power of the downlink transmissions in the different frequency bands, and determine the path loss associated with the downlink transmissions in the different frequency bands based at least in part on the measured received power.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The instructions can also be executed by the processor to determine the first uplink transmission power for transmitting the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band by being executable by the processor to cause the device to perform the following operations: The path loss associated with the downlink transmission in the different frequency bands is used as the reference serving cell path loss in the uplink power calculation for the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band.

19. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein: The transmitter for downlink transmission in the different frequency bands is co-located with the receiver for the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band.

20. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The instructions can also be executed by the processor to cause the device to perform the following operations: Receive configuration information that links the downlink transmission in the different frequency bands to the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band.

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein: The configuration information is received from the base station in Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.

22. An apparatus for conducting wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: A unit for transmitting one or more data transmissions on a first carrier in a first frequency band; A unit for identifying a first uplink transmission to be transmitted on a second carrier in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band, wherein the first uplink transmission does not have an associated downlink transmission for the UE in the second frequency band; A unit for identifying the received power of downlink transmission received on a third carrier in a frequency band different from the second frequency band; A unit for determining the first uplink transmission power for transmitting the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band based at least in part on the received power of the downlink transmission received on the third carrier in the different frequency bands; as well as A unit for transmitting the first uplink transmission in the second frequency band using the first uplink transmission power.

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