A hydrogen supply regulating system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Abstract

The application provides a hydrogen supply adjusting system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises a high-pressure hydrogen tank, an ejector, a hydrogen circulating pump, a tail gas dehydrogenation device, an auxiliary tank, a first proportional valve, a second proportional valve and a dryer; the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank is communicated with the fluid inlet of the ejector; the outlet of the ejector is communicated with the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is communicated with a pressure reducing valve; the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected with the inlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device, two outlets are arranged on the tail gas dehydrogenation device, the second outlet is communicated with the auxiliary tank; the first outlet is communicated with the second proportional valve and the first proportional valve respectively, the first proportional valve is communicated with the inlet of the dryer, the outlet of the dryer is communicated with the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump, and the water outlet of the dryer is communicated with the auxiliary tank. The application solves the problems of insufficient hydrogen supply, water flooding and low anode outlet single voltage of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology, and particularly to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, due to the limited oil resources and the increasing prominence of environmental problems, countries around the world have paid more and more attention to new energy sources. Among them, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted much attention as a new type. A PEMFC is a highly efficient and clean energy conversion device that reacts hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and water. The hydrogen supply system is a crucial component of the PEMFC system, its function being to deliver hydrogen to the fuel cell stack and control the hydrogen flow and pressure to meet the operating requirements of the fuel cell.

[0003] Current proton exchange membrane fuel cells still suffer from problems such as low hydrogen utilization, excessive water accumulation at the anode outlet, low cell voltage at the anode outlet, and uneven voltage distribution among fuel cell cells. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a hydrogen supply regulation system for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. This system controls different control elements based on the power demand of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the water content S at the anode outlet, and the hydrogen concentration H at the anode outlet, enabling the operation of multiple hydrogen supply loops. This solves problems such as insufficient hydrogen supply and flooding at the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, low cell voltage at the anode outlet, and uneven voltage distribution among fuel cell cells, thus ensuring high efficiency, high power, and long lifespan operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0006] A proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system includes a high-pressure hydrogen tank, an ejector, a hydrogen circulation pump, a tail gas dehydrogenation device, a first switching valve, a pressure reducing valve, a second switching valve, a third switching valve, a three-way valve, a fourth switching valve, a fifth switching valve, a check valve, an auxiliary tank, a first proportional valve, a second proportional valve, and a dryer.

[0007] The outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank is connected to the ejector fluid inlet of the ejector after passing through a pressure reducing valve and a first switching valve in sequence; the outlet of the ejector is connected to the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the pressure reducing valve after passing through a check valve, a fifth switching valve, a three-way valve and a second switching valve in sequence; the branch between the fifth switching valve and the three-way valve is connected to the working fluid inlet of the ejector through a fourth switching valve.

[0008] The anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas dehydrogenation device. The exhaust gas dehydrogenation device has two outlets: a first outlet for discharging residual hydrogen and water vapor mixture, and a second outlet for discharging waste gas. The second outlet is connected to an auxiliary tank. The first outlet is connected to a second proportional valve and a first proportional valve, respectively. The first proportional valve is connected to the dryer inlet. The dryer outlet and the second proportional valve are connected to the hydrogen circulation pump inlet, respectively. The dryer drain outlet is connected to the auxiliary tank. The hydrogen circulation pump outlet is connected to another port of a three-way valve via a third switching valve.

[0009] Furthermore, the exhaust gas dehydrogenation device is equipped with a filter membrane to filter hydrogen and water vapor in the mixed gas at the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the hydrogen and water vapor are discharged from the first outlet.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a control system, a pressure sensor, an anode sensor, and a humidity sensor; the hydrogen circulation pump outlet is equipped with a pressure sensor to detect the hydrogen circulation pump outlet pressure; the first outlet is equipped with a humidity sensor to detect the water content in the residual hydrogen at the first outlet; the proton exchange membrane fuel cell anode outlet is equipped with an anode sensor to detect the hydrogen concentration and water content at the anode outlet.

[0011] The control system controls the speed n of the hydrogen circulation pump and selectively controls the opening and closing of the first, second, third, three-way, fourth, and fifth switching valves, as well as the opening degree of the first and second proportional valves, based on the power demand P of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the hydrogen concentration H and water content S detected by the anode sensor at the anode outlet.

[0012] Furthermore, when the power demand of the power battery on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is less than 0.4P, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operates in the low power region P1, where P is the rated power demand.

[0013] If the anode sensor detects that the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is less than 0.2Hmax, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is a low hydrogen concentration H1, and the control system controls the first switching valve to operate; Hmax is the maximum hydrogen concentration.

[0014] If the anode sensor detects a hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet greater than or equal to 0.2Hmax, the anode outlet hydrogen concentration is high (H2); if the anode sensor detects a water content at the anode outlet less than 0.4Smax, the anode outlet water content is low (S1). Then, the control system controls the first and third switching valves to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve and the fourth switching valve to connect the hydrogen circulation pump outlet to the working fluid inlet of the ejector. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump to operate, allowing the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device to enter the hydrogen circulation pump inlet through the second proportional valve. When the anode... When the sensor detects that the water content at the anode outlet is greater than or equal to 0.4Smax, the water content at the anode outlet is considered to be high water content S2. In this case, the control system controls the first and third switching valves to operate. The control system also controls the three-way valve and the fourth switching valve to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump with the working fluid inlet of the ejector. The control system then controls the hydrogen circulation pump to operate. Furthermore, the control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device to enter the hydrogen circulation pump inlet through the second proportional valve, the first proportional valve, and the dryer in parallel, to reduce the water content of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump. Smax is the maximum water content.

[0015] Furthermore, when the power demand of the power battery on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is in the range of [0.4P, 0.75P], the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operates in the medium power range P2.

[0016] If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), then the control system controls the first and third switching valves to operate; the control system controls the three-way valve and the fifth switching valve to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump to operate, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump through the second proportional valve.

[0017] If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2), then the control system controls the first and third switching valves to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve and the fifth switching valve to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump to operate. The control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device to enter the hydrogen circulation pump inlet through the second proportional valve, the first proportional valve, and the dryer in parallel, respectively, to reduce the water content of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump.

[0018] If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), then the control system controls the first and third switching valves to operate; the control system controls the three-way valve and the fourth switching valve to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump with the working fluid inlet of the ejector; the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump to operate, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump through the second proportional valve.

[0019] If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2), the control system controls the first and third switching valves to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve and the fourth switching valve to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump with the working fluid inlet of the ejector. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump to operate. The control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device to enter the hydrogen circulation pump inlet through the second proportional valve, the first proportional valve, and the dryer in parallel, respectively, to reduce the water content of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump.

[0020] Furthermore, when the power demand of the power battery on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is greater than 0.75P, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operates in the high-power region P3.

[0021] If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), then the control system controls the first and second switching valves to operate; the control system controls the three-way valve and the fifth switching valve to connect the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump to operate, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump through the second proportional valve.

[0022] If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), then the control system controls the first and second switching valves to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve, the third switching valve, and the fifth switching valve to connect the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank and the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, respectively. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump to operate, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump through the second proportional valve.

[0023] If the anode outlet water content is low (S2), the control system controls the first and second switching valves to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve, the third switching valve, and the fifth switching valve to connect the high-pressure hydrogen tank outlet and the hydrogen circulation pump outlet to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell anode outlet, respectively. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump to operate. The control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device to enter the hydrogen circulation pump inlet through the second proportional valve, the first proportional valve, and the dryer in parallel, to reduce the water content of the hydrogen at the hydrogen circulation pump inlet.

[0024] Furthermore, the control system controls the opening degrees of the first proportional valve and the second proportional valve respectively according to the humidity C0 required by the hydrogen circulation pump. Let the opening degree of the first proportional valve be x, and the opening degree of the second proportional valve be y, then... C represents the value detected by the humidity sensor.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply system of the present invention can adjust the corresponding hydrogen supply pipeline according to different operating conditions of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, thereby improving the efficiency and performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system.

[0027] 2. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply system of the present invention, according to the operating conditions, controls the return path to mix the hydrogen recirculated by the hydrogen circulation pump with the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen tank and enter the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell to replenish hydrogen and reduce flooding. This effectively reduces problems such as water accumulation at the anode outlet, low hydrogen utilization, low single cell voltage near the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and uneven voltage distribution.

[0028] 3. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply system of the present invention solves the problem of water accumulation at the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, reduces the pressure difference and corrosion phenomenon on both sides of the proton exchange membrane cell, solves the problem of large voltage difference between the anode outlet and the anode inlet of a single cell, extends the life of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and reduces maintenance costs.

[0029] 4. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply system described in this invention takes into account the hydrogen supply pipelines corresponding to all operating conditions of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, thus broadening the application prospects of proton exchange membrane batteries in industries, transportation, and other fields. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply system described in this invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a control flowchart for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell control system.

[0033] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen supply system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell when it is in the low power region P1, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low H1, and the water content at the anode outlet is S1 / S2.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen supply system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell when it is in the low-power region P1 / medium-power region P2, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2), and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1).

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen supply system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell when it is in the low-power region P1 / medium-power region P2, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2), and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2).

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen supply system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell when it is in the medium power region P2, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1), and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1).

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen supply system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell when it is in the medium power region P2, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1), and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2).

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen supply system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell when it is in the high-power region P3, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1), and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1).

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen supply system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell when it is in the high-power region P3, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) / high (H2), and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2).

[0040] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen supply system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell when it is in the high-power region P3, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2), and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1).

[0041] In the picture:

[0042] 1-Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; 2-High-pressure hydrogen tank; 3-Ejector; 4-Hydrogen circulation pump; 5-Tail gas dehydrogenation device; 6-Pressure sensor; 7-First switching valve; 8-Pressure reducing valve; 9-Second switching valve; 10-Third switching valve; 11-Three-way valve; 12-Fourth switching valve; 13-Fifth switching valve; 14-Check valve; 15-Auxiliary tank; 16-Anode sensor; 17-First proportional valve; 18-Second proportional valve; 19-Dryer; 20-Humidity sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0045] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system of the present invention includes a high-pressure hydrogen tank 2, an ejector 3, a hydrogen circulation pump 4, a tail gas dehydrogenation device 5, a first switching valve 7, a pressure reducing valve 8, a second switching valve 9, a third switching valve 10, a three-way valve 11, a fourth switching valve 12, a fifth switching valve 13, a one-way valve 14, an auxiliary tank 15, a first proportional valve 17, a second proportional valve 18, a dryer 19, a control system, a pressure sensor 6, an anode sensor 16, and a humidity sensor 20.

[0047] The outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank 2 is connected to the ejector fluid inlet of the ejector 3 after passing through the pressure reducing valve 8 and the first switching valve 7 in sequence; the outlet of the ejector 3 is connected to the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1; the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 is connected to the pressure reducing valve 8 after passing through the one-way valve 14, the fifth switching valve 13, the three-way valve 11 and the second switching valve 9 in sequence; the branch between the fifth switching valve 13 and the three-way valve 11 is connected to the working fluid inlet of the ejector 3 through the fourth switching valve 12.

[0048] The anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas dehydrogenation device 5. The exhaust gas dehydrogenation device 5 has two outlets: the first outlet is used to discharge the residual hydrogen and water vapor mixture, and the second outlet is used to discharge waste gas. The second outlet is connected to the auxiliary tank 15. The first outlet is connected to the second proportional valve 18 and the first proportional valve 17, respectively. The first proportional valve 17 is connected to the inlet of the dryer 19. The outlet of the dryer 19 and the second proportional valve 18 are connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4, respectively. The drain outlet of the dryer 19 is connected to the auxiliary tank 15. The outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 is connected to another interface of the three-way valve 11 through the third switching valve 10.

[0049] The exhaust gas dehydrogenation device 5 is equipped with a filter membrane to filter the hydrogen and water vapor in the mixed gas at the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1. The hydrogen and water vapor are discharged from the first outlet, and the remaining gas enters the auxiliary tank 15 from the second outlet.

[0050] The outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 is equipped with a pressure sensor 6 for detecting the outlet pressure of the hydrogen circulation pump 4; the first outlet is equipped with a humidity sensor 20 for detecting the water content in the residual hydrogen at the first outlet; the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 is equipped with an anode sensor 16 for detecting the hydrogen concentration and water content at the anode outlet.

[0051] The power demand of the power battery on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 is divided into a low-power region P1, a medium-power region P2, and a high-power region P3. Specifically, when P1 < 0.4P, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 operates in the low-power region P1; when 0.4P ≤ P2 ≤ 0.75P, it operates in the medium-power region P2; and when P2 > 0.75P, it operates in the high-power region P3. The anode outlet water content S is divided into low content S1 and high content S2. When S1 < 0.4Smax, the anode outlet water content is low content S1; when S2 >= 0.4Smax, it is high content S2. Smax is the maximum water content. The anode outlet hydrogen concentration H is divided into low concentration H1 and high concentration H2. When H1 < 0.2Hmax, the anode outlet hydrogen concentration is low concentration H1; and when H2 >= 0.2Hmax, it is high concentration H2.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, the control system controls the speed n of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 and selectively controls the opening and closing of the first switching valve 7, the second switching valve 9, the third switching valve 10, the three-way valve 11, the fourth switching valve 12, and the fifth switching valve 13, and selectively controls the opening degree of the first proportional valve 17 and the second proportional valve 18, based on the power demand P of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1, the hydrogen concentration H and the water content S detected by the anode sensor 16 at the anode outlet. This, in turn, regulates the operation of multiple hydrogen supply circuits to solve the problems of insufficient hydrogen supply and flooding at the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1, thereby ensuring the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 with high efficiency, high power and long life.

[0053] 1. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 operates in the low-power region P1.

[0054] The control system connects the high-pressure hydrogen tank 2 to the pressure reducing valve 8, the pressure reducing valve 8 to the first switching valve 7, the first switching valve 7 to the ejector fluid inlet of the ejector 3, and the ejector 3 to the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1, ensuring the normal operation of the fuel cell.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, when the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1) / high (S2), the control system controls the first switching valve 7 to operate. The hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen tank 2 enters the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 through the pressure reducing valve 8, the first switching valve 7, and the ejector 3. The gas at the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 enters the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 and enters the auxiliary tank 15 through the second outlet.

[0056] like Figure 4As shown, when the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), the control system controls the first switching valve 7 and the third switching valve 10 to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve 11 and the fourth switching valve 12 to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 with the working fluid inlet of the ejector 3. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to operate, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18. The path is as follows: the gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 enters the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5, and enters the auxiliary tank 15 through the second outlet, which is used to discharge the water and waste gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 to the auxiliary tank 15. The first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18. The outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 is connected to the working fluid inlet of the ejector 3 through the third switching valve 10, the three-way valve 11, and the fourth switching valve 12. The control system controls the speed n of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to ensure that the recirculated hydrogen can enter the ejector 3.

[0057] like Figure 5 As shown, when the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2), the control system controls the first switching valve 7 and the third switching valve 10 to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve 11 and the fourth switching valve 12 to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 with the working fluid inlet of the ejector 3. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to operate. The control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 in parallel with the second proportional valve 18, the first proportional valve 17, and the dryer 19, respectively, to reduce the water content of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4. The path is as follows: the gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 enters the exhaust gas dehydrogenation device 5, and then enters the auxiliary tank 15 through the second outlet. This auxiliary tank 15 is used to discharge water and waste gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1. One branch of the first outlet of the exhaust gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18, and the other branch of the first outlet of the exhaust gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the first proportional valve 17 and the dryer 19. The outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 is connected to the working fluid inlet of the ejector 3 through the third switching valve 10, the three-way valve 11, and the fourth switching valve 12. The control system controls the speed n of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to ensure that the recirculated hydrogen can enter the ejector 3. Based on the detection value of the humidity sensor 20 and the required humidity C0 of the hydrogen circulation pump 5, the control system controls the opening of the second proportional valve 18 and the first proportional valve 17, so that the dryer 19 dries and mixes the hydrogen from different branches to achieve the required humidity C0 of the hydrogen circulation pump 5. The drying efficiency of the dryer 19 is generally 80%.

[0058] 2. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 operates in the medium power region P2.

[0059] The control system connects the high-pressure hydrogen tank 2 to the pressure reducing valve 8, the pressure reducing valve 8 to the first switching valve 7, the first switching valve 7 to the ejector fluid inlet of the ejector 3, and the ejector 3 to the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1, ensuring the normal operation of the fuel cell.

[0060] like Figure 6 As shown, when the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), the control system controls the first switching valve 7 and the third switching valve 10 to operate; the control system controls the three-way valve 11 and the fifth switching valve 13 to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1; the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to operate, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18; the path is: the gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 enters the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5, and then... The second outlet enters the auxiliary tank 15, which is used to discharge water and exhaust gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 to the auxiliary tank 15. The first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18. The outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 is connected to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 through the three-way valve 11 and the fifth switching valve 13. The dry hydrogen pumped back by the hydrogen circulation pump 5 is re-entered into the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 for hydrogen replenishment, thereby reducing the problems of low single cell voltage and uneven voltage distribution at the anode outlet of the fuel cell.

[0061] like Figure 7As shown, when the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2), the control system controls the first switching valve 7 and the third switching valve 10 to operate; the control system controls the three-way valve 11 and the fifth switching valve 13 to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1; the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to operate; the control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18, the first proportional valve 17, and the dryer 19 respectively, to reduce the water content of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4; the path is: the gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 enters the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5, and is then... The second outlet enters the auxiliary tank 15, used to discharge water and exhaust gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 to the auxiliary tank 15. One branch of the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18, and the other branch of the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the first proportional valve 17 and the dryer 19. The outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 is connected to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 through the three-way valve 11 and the fifth switching valve 13, so that the dried hydrogen pumped back by the hydrogen circulation pump 5 re-enters the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 for hydrogen replenishment, reducing the problems of low single cell voltage and uneven voltage distribution at the anode outlet of the fuel cell. The control system controls the opening of the second proportional valve 18 and the first proportional valve 17 according to the detection value of the humidity sensor 20 and the required humidity C0 of the hydrogen circulation pump 5, so that the dryer 19 dries and mixes the hydrogen from different branches to achieve the required humidity C0 of the hydrogen circulation pump 5.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, when the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), the control system controls the first switching valve 7 and the third switching valve 10 to operate; the control system controls the three-way valve 11 and the fourth switching valve 12 to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 with the working fluid inlet of the ejector 3; the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to operate, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18; its path is the same as when the low power zone P1, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2), and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1).

[0063] like Figure 5As shown, when the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2), the control system controls the first switching valve 7 and the third switching valve 10 to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve 11 and the fourth switching valve 12 to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 with the working fluid inlet of the ejector 3. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to operate, and the control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 in parallel with the second proportional valve 18, the first proportional valve 17, and the dryer 19, respectively, to reduce the water content of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4. Its path is the same as when the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2).

[0064] 3. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 operates in the high-power region P3.

[0065] The control system connects the high-pressure hydrogen tank 2 to the pressure reducing valve 8, the pressure reducing valve 8 to the first switching valve 7, the first switching valve 7 to the ejector fluid inlet of the ejector 3, and the ejector 3 to the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1, ensuring the normal operation of the fuel cell.

[0066] like Figure 8 As shown, when the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), the control system controls the first switching valve 7 and the second switching valve 9 to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve 11 and the fifth switching valve 13 to connect the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank 2 with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to operate, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18. The path is as follows: the gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 enters the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5, and then enters the auxiliary tank 15 through the second outlet, which is used to discharge the water and waste gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 to the auxiliary tank 15. The high-pressure hydrogen tank 2, after passing through the pressure reducing valve 8, is connected to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 through the second switching valve 9, the three-way valve 11, and the fifth switching valve 13, which is used to allow hydrogen to flow to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 for hydrogen replenishment, thereby reducing the problems of low single cell voltage and uneven voltage distribution at the anode outlet of the fuel cell.

[0067] like Figure 9As shown, when the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) or high (H2), and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2), the control system controls the first switching valve 7 and the second switching valve 9 to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve 11, the third switching valve 10, and the fifth switching valve 13 to connect the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank 2 and the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1, respectively. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to operate. The control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 in parallel with the first proportional valve 17 and the dryer 19 through the second proportional valve 18, respectively, to reduce the water content of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4. Path: The gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 enters the exhaust gas dehydrogenation device 5, and then enters the auxiliary tank 15 through the second outlet. This auxiliary tank 15 is used to discharge water and waste gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1. The high-pressure hydrogen tank 2 is connected to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 via a branch after passing through the pressure reducing valve 8, the second switching valve 9, the three-way valve 11, and the fifth switching valve 13. In addition, one branch of the first outlet of the exhaust gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18, and another branch of the first outlet of the exhaust gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the first proportional valve 17 and the dryer 19. The outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 is connected to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 through the three-way valve 11 and the fifth switching valve 13. After the two paths converge, hydrogen flows to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 for hydrogen replenishment, reducing the problems of low single cell voltage and uneven voltage distribution at the anode outlet of the fuel cell. The control system controls the opening of the second proportional valve 18 and the first proportional valve 17 based on the detection value of the humidity sensor 20 and the required humidity C0 of the hydrogen circulation pump 5, so that the dryer 19 dries and mixes the hydrogen from different branches to achieve the required humidity C0 of the hydrogen circulation pump 5.

[0068] like Figure 10As shown, when the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), the control system controls the first switching valve 7 and the second switching valve 9 to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve 11, the third switching valve 10, and the fifth switching valve 13 to connect the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank 2 and the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1, respectively. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to operate, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18. Path: The gas from the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 enters the tail gas dehydrogenation device 5, and then enters the auxiliary tank 15 through the second outlet, used to transfer protons... Water and exhaust gas from the anode outlet of the membrane fuel cell 1 are discharged to the auxiliary tank 15. The high-pressure hydrogen tank 2, after passing through the pressure reducing valve 8, is connected to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 via a branch that passes through the second switching valve 9, the three-way valve 11, and the fifth switching valve 13. In addition, the first outlet of the exhaust gas dehydrogenation device 5 enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the second proportional valve 18. The outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 is connected to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 via the three-way valve 11 and the fifth switching valve 13. After the two paths converge, hydrogen flows to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 to replenish hydrogen, reducing the problems of low single cell voltage and uneven voltage distribution at the anode outlet of the fuel cell.

[0069] The control system controls the opening of the first proportional valve 17 and the second proportional valve 18 according to the humidity C0 required by the hydrogen circulation pump 4. Let the opening of the first proportional valve 17 be x, and the opening of the second proportional valve 18 be y. C represents the detection value of humidity sensor 20.

[0070] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0071] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific illustrations of feasible embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system, characterized in that, Includes a high-pressure hydrogen tank (2), an ejector (3), a hydrogen circulation pump (4), a tail gas dehydrogenation device (5), a first switching valve (7), a pressure reducing valve (8), a second switching valve (9), a third switching valve (10), a three-way valve (11), a fourth switching valve (12), a fifth switching valve (13), a check valve (14), an auxiliary tank (15), a first proportional valve (17), a second proportional valve (18), and a dryer (19); The outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank (2) is connected to the ejector fluid inlet of the ejector (3) after passing through the pressure reducing valve (8) and the first switching valve (7) in sequence; the outlet of the ejector (3) is connected to the anode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1); the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is connected to the pressure reducing valve (8) after passing through the check valve (14), the fifth switching valve (13), the three-way valve (11), and the second switching valve (9) in sequence; the branch between the fifth switching valve (13) and the three-way valve (11) is connected to the working fluid inlet of the ejector (3) through the fourth switching valve (12); The anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas dehydrogenation device (5). The exhaust gas dehydrogenation device (5) has two outlets. The first outlet is used to discharge the residual hydrogen and water vapor mixture, and the second outlet is used to discharge the waste gas. The second outlet is connected to the auxiliary tank (15). The first outlet is connected to the second proportional valve (18) and the first proportional valve (17) respectively. The first proportional valve (17) is connected to the inlet of the dryer (19). The outlet of the dryer (19) and the second proportional valve (18) are connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) respectively. The drain outlet of the dryer (19) is connected to the auxiliary tank (15). The outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) is connected to another interface of the three-way valve (11) through the third switch valve (10). The control system controls the rotational speed n of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) and selectively controls the opening and closing of the first switching valve (7), the second switching valve (9), the third switching valve (10), the three-way valve (11), the fourth switching valve (12), and the fifth switching valve (13) based on the power demand P of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1), the hydrogen concentration H and water content S detected by the anode sensor (16) at the anode outlet, and selectively controls the opening degree of the first proportional valve (17) and the second proportional valve (18).

2. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust gas dehydrogenation device (5) is equipped with a filter membrane to filter hydrogen and water vapor in the mixed gas at the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1), and the hydrogen and water vapor are discharged from the first outlet.

3. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pressure sensor (6), an anode sensor (16), and a humidity sensor (20); the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) is equipped with a pressure sensor (6) for detecting the outlet pressure of the hydrogen circulation pump (4); the first outlet is equipped with a humidity sensor (20) for detecting the water content in the residual hydrogen at the first outlet; the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is equipped with an anode sensor (16) for detecting the hydrogen concentration and water content at the anode outlet.

4. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the power demand of the power battery on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is less than 0.4P, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) operates in the low power region P1, where P is the rated power demand. If the anode sensor (16) detects that the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is less than 0.2Hmax, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is a low hydrogen concentration H1, then the control system controls the first switching valve (7) to work; Hmax is the maximum hydrogen concentration; If the anode sensor (16) detects that the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is greater than or equal to 0.2Hmax, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high hydrogen concentration H2. When the anode sensor (16) detects that the water content at the anode outlet is less than 0.4Smax, the water content at the anode outlet is low water content S1. Then the control system controls the first switching valve (7) and the third switching valve (10) to work. The control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fourth switching valve (12) to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) with the working fluid inlet of the ejector (3). The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to work, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18). When the anode sensor (16) detects that the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is greater than or equal to 0.2Hmax, the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high hydrogen concentration H2. When the anode sensor (16) detects that the water content at the anode outlet is less than 0.4Smax, the water content at the anode outlet is low water content S1. The control system controls the first switching valve (7) and the third switching valve (10) to work ... 16) When the anode outlet water content is greater than or equal to 0.4Smax, the anode outlet water content is high water content S2. Then the control system controls the first switch valve (7) and the third switch valve (10) to work. The control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fourth switch valve (12) to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) with the working fluid inlet of the ejector (3). The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to work. The control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) in parallel with the first proportional valve (17) and the dryer (19) through the second proportional valve (18) to reduce the water content of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4). Smax is the maximum water content.

5. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the power demand of the power battery on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is in the range of [0.4P, 0.75P], the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) operates in the medium power range P2. If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), then the control system controls the first switching valve (7) and the third switching valve (10) to work; the control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fifth switching valve (13) to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1); the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to work, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18); If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2), the control system controls the first switching valve (7) and the third switching valve (10) to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fifth switching valve (13) to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1). The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to operate. The control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) in parallel with the first proportional valve (17) and the dryer (19) through the second proportional valve (18) to reduce the water content of the hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4).

6. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the power demand of the power battery on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is in the range of [0.4P, 0.75P], the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) operates in the medium power range P2. If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), then the control system controls the first switching valve (7) and the third switching valve (10) to work; the control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fourth switching valve (12) to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) with the working fluid inlet of the ejector (3), and the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to work, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18); If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is high (S2), the control system controls the first switching valve (7) and the third switching valve (10) to work; the control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fourth switching valve (12) to connect the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) with the working fluid inlet of the ejector (3), the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to work, and the control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) in parallel with the first proportional valve (17) and the dryer (19) through the second proportional valve (18) to reduce the water content of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4).

7. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the power demand of the power battery on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is greater than 0.75P, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) operates in the high-power region P3. If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is low (H1) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), then the control system controls the first switching valve (7) and the second switching valve (9) to work; the control system controls the three-way valve (11) and the fifth switching valve (13) to connect the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank (2) with the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1); the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to work, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18); If the hydrogen concentration at the anode outlet is high (H2) and the water content at the anode outlet is low (S1), the control system controls the first switch valve (7) and the second switch valve (9) to operate. The control system controls the three-way valve (11), the third switch valve (10), and the fifth switch valve (13) to connect the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank (2) and the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1), respectively. The control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to operate, so that the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) enters the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) through the second proportional valve (18).

8. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the power demand of the power battery on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) is greater than 0.75P, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) operates in the high-power region P3. If the anode outlet water content is high water content S2, the control system controls the first switch valve (7) and the second switch valve (9) to work; the control system controls the three-way valve (11), the third switch valve (10) and the fifth switch valve (13) to connect the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen tank (2) and the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to the anode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (1) respectively; the control system controls the hydrogen circulation pump (4) to work; the control system controls the first outlet of the tail gas dehydrogenation device (5) to enter the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) in parallel with the first proportional valve (17) and the dryer (19) through the second proportional valve (18) respectively, in order to reduce the water content of hydrogen at the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4).

9. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply regulation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control system controls the opening of the first proportional valve (17) and the second proportional valve (18) according to the humidity C0 required by the hydrogen circulation pump (4). Let the opening of the first proportional valve (17) be x, and the opening of the second proportional valve (18) be y, then C0 = *0.2C+ *C, where C is the detection value of the humidity sensor (20).

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