Antenna radiating element and antenna device

Abstract

This invention provides an antenna radiating element and an antenna device. The antenna radiating element includes: a half-wave dipole, comprising a balun and a dipole arm electrically connected to the balun; and a bandwidth extension section, comprising a frequency selection circuit and an extension radiating arm, wherein the frequency selection circuit connects the dipole arm and the extension radiating arm. The half-wave dipole has a starting frequency of a first frequency and a stopping frequency of a second frequency. The frequency selection circuit is configured to operate in a stopband above the first frequency and in a passband below the first frequency. The antenna radiating element and antenna device provided by this invention optimize the operating bandwidth of the half-wave dipole through the frequency selection circuit, thereby increasing the relative bandwidth of the ultra-wideband radiating element at different frequencies and optimizing its performance indicators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to an antenna radiating element and an antenna device. Background Technology

[0002] With the advent of the fifth-generation mobile communication system (5G), better adaptability and performance requirements are placed on antenna equipment. In the planning and implementation of network coverage by operators, there is a need for a system that can be compatible with a wider frequency range and can also integrate antennas of different frequencies and standards on the same antenna array. Under this requirement, it is necessary to expand the working bandwidth of the radiating element to achieve compatibility with more frequency bands within a limited antenna array.

[0003] Currently, the industry can design the relative bandwidth of radiating elements to 40% through optimized design of their radiation performance and impedance. However, due to the limitations of their physical size adaptability, it is difficult to further expand the operating bandwidth through conventional solutions. Therefore, expanding the operating bandwidth of ultra-wideband radiating elements has become a technical challenge for antenna development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an antenna radiating element and an antenna device, aiming to solve the problem that it is not easy to expand the operating bandwidth due to the limitation of the physical size adaptability of the antenna device in the traditional technology.

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna radiating element, comprising:

[0006] A half-wave oscillator, comprising a balun and an oscillator arm electrically connected to the balun;

[0007] The bandwidth extension section includes a frequency selection circuit and an extension radiation arm, wherein the frequency selection circuit is used to connect the oscillator arm and the extension radiation arm.

[0008] The starting frequency of the half-wave oscillator is a first frequency, and the ending frequency is a second frequency. The frequency selection circuit is configured to be a stopband when the frequency is higher than the first frequency and a passband when the frequency is lower than the first frequency.

[0009] According to an antenna radiating element provided by the present invention, the vibrating arm, the frequency selection circuit, and the extended radiating arm are arranged collinearly.

[0010] According to an antenna radiating element provided by the present invention, the vibrating arm and the bandwidth extension portion are arranged at an angle to each other.

[0011] According to an antenna radiating element provided by the present invention, the vibrating arm is arranged perpendicularly to the bandwidth extension portion, and the bandwidth extension portion is located on the side of the vibrating arm close to the balun.

[0012] According to an antenna radiating element provided by the present invention, the frequency selection circuit includes a microstrip combiner or a directional coupling circuit.

[0013] According to an antenna radiating element provided by the present invention, the half-wave dipole further includes a feed metal sheet.

[0014] The present invention also provides an antenna device comprising four antenna radiating elements, the four antenna radiating elements being arranged in a grid-like dual-polarized distribution, and each of the antenna radiating elements being an antenna radiating element as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0015] According to an antenna device provided by the present invention, each of the antenna radiating elements includes a rectangular half-wave dipole and an L-shaped extended radiating arm that partially surrounds each half-wave dipole. The two ends of the L-shaped extended radiating arm are electrically connected to the half-wave dipole through the frequency selection circuit.

[0016] The antenna radiating element provided by this invention adds an extended radiating arm to the end of the half-wave dipole arm by using a frequency selective circuit. The transmission characteristics of input signals at different frequencies are controlled by the frequency selective circuit. In scenarios where the frequency selective circuit presents passband and stopband, the electrical length of the dipole arm of the half-wave dipole is equivalent to different frequencies, thereby increasing the adaptability of the dipole arm of the half-wave dipole to the resonance effect of different frequencies. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of the first embodiment of the antenna radiating unit provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a simplified structural diagram of the second embodiment of the antenna radiating element provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a simplified structural diagram of the antenna device provided by the present invention;

[0021] Reference numerals: 1: Antenna assembly; 2: Antenna radiating element; 3: Half-wave dipole; 4: Balun; 5: Dipole arm; 6: Feed metal sheet; 7: Bandwidth extension section; 8: Frequency selection circuit; 9: Extended radiating arm. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] In embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0026] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0027] surface combination Figures 1-3 The antenna radiating element 2 and antenna device 1 provided by the present invention are described.

[0028] The present invention provides an antenna radiating element 2, comprising: a half-wave dipole 3, including a balun 4 and a dipole arm 5 electrically connected to the balun 4; a bandwidth extension section 7, including a frequency selection circuit 8 and an extension radiating arm 9, wherein the frequency selection circuit 8 is used to connect the dipole arm 5 and the extension radiating arm 9; wherein the starting frequency of the half-wave dipole 3 is a first frequency, the ending frequency is a second frequency, and the frequency selection circuit 8 is configured to be a stopband when the frequency is higher than the first frequency and a passband when the frequency is lower than the first frequency.

[0029] It should be noted that for conventional antenna radiating elements, according to the design elements of a half-wave dipole, the length of the dipole arm and balun is approximately equal to 1 / 4λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength corresponding to the center operating frequency of the initial half-wave dipole. Depending on different radiation characteristics and impedance matching requirements, the dimensions may fluctuate to some extent. However, due to the above relationship, the operating bandwidth of the half-wave dipole is relatively limited. If the deviation exceeds 40%, the size deviation of the dipole arm and balun from 1 / 4λ0 will be too large, resulting in impedance mismatch of the half-wave dipole and rendering it unable to work.

[0030] In the technical solution provided by this invention, the initial half-wave oscillator 3 has an operating frequency of f1 and an initial frequency of f. L1 (First frequency), ending frequency is f H1 (Second frequency), less than f L1 Within the frequency range, the frequency selection circuit 8 performs transmission. The vibrating arm 5 is connected and conductive to the extended radiating arm 9, forming a longer antenna electrical length, which is the sum of the electrical lengths of the vibrating arm 5 and the extended radiating arm 9. This can reduce the resonant frequency of the half-wave vibrator 3. In frequencies greater than f... L1 The transmission of the frequency selection circuit 8 is blocked at a certain frequency, so that the center resonant frequency of the half-wave dipole 3 itself does not shift to a lower frequency. Therefore, the antenna radiating element 2 with the addition of the frequency selection circuit 8 and the extended radiating arm 9 structure reaches the termination frequency f.H1 While maintaining the same operating frequency, the initial operating frequency is extended downwards to f. L2 The new half-wave oscillator 3, after incorporating an extended bandwidth design, has an operating frequency of f2 and a starting frequency of f. L2 The termination frequency is f H1 , where f L2 <f L1 This means that the starting frequency of the antenna radiator's operating frequency is extended to a lower frequency band.

[0031] According to the definition of relative bandwidth, the initial antenna half-wave dipole 3 has an operating frequency of f1 and an initial frequency of f. L1 The termination frequency is f H1 Its relative working bandwidth can be calculated as ffoc1 = 2(f H1 -f L1 ) / (f H1 +f L1 After expansion, the operating frequency of the half-wave dipole 3 of the antenna is f2, and its initial frequency is f. L2 The termination frequency is f H1 Its relative working bandwidth can be calculated as ffoc2 = 2(f H1 -f L2 ) / (f H1 +f L2 Compared to ffoc1, ffoc2 offers a 10-15% increase in relative bandwidth and can be applied to various communication frequencies, such as 0.69–0.96 GHz, 1.4–2.7 GHz, and 2.3–3.8 GHz.

[0032] Specifically, the present invention provides several embodiments of the bandwidth extension unit 7, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 In the first embodiment, the oscillator arm 5, the frequency selection circuit 8, and the extended radiation arm 9 are arranged in the same line.

[0033] In the second embodiment, the oscillator arm 5 and the bandwidth extension portion 7 are arranged at an angle to each other. Preferably, please refer to... Figure 2 In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the vibrator arm 5 is arranged perpendicularly to the bandwidth extension section 7, and the bandwidth extension section 7 is located on the side of the vibrator arm 5 near the balun 4. This arrangement increases the spatial volume and projected area of ​​the antenna radiating element 2. In many specific cases, the antenna radiating element 2 cannot be extended due to volume limitations. Based on the extension method provided in the second embodiment, it is not difficult to derive the design concept of extending the antenna radiating element 2 longitudinally in space. The extended radiating arm 9 is extended longitudinally, and the extended radiating arm 9 of the half-wave vibrator 3 and the vibrator arm 5 are connected by the frequency selection circuit 8 at a vertical angle and extend downwards, keeping the total electrical length consistent with the straight connection method, thus forming a miniaturized solution for frequency extension of the half-wave vibrator 3.

[0034] It should be noted that the frequency selection circuit 8 can be a microstrip combiner or a directional coupling circuit, and the present invention does not limit this to either. Furthermore, the half-wave dipole 3 also includes a feeding metal sheet 6 for feeding the half-wave dipole 3.

[0035] Extending to practical engineering designs, general communication systems commonly use orthogonal dual-polarization mode for signal transmission and reception, enabling multi-level reception of channels. Furthermore, in engineering applications, to extend the operating bandwidth of the half-wave dipole 3 and optimize its input impedance, a half-wave folding configuration is typically adopted. Based on the aforementioned antenna radiating element 2, this invention also provides an antenna device 1, comprising four antenna radiating elements 2 arranged in a grid-like dual-polarization distribution.

[0036] Furthermore, each antenna radiating element 2 includes a rectangular half-wave dipole 3 and an L-shaped extended radiating arm 9 that partially surrounds each half-wave dipole 3. The two ends of the L-shaped extended radiating arm 9 are electrically connected to the half-wave dipole 3 through a frequency selection circuit 8 to form an electric field loop, thereby increasing the aperture and area of ​​the entire dipole arm 5 and forming a frequency extension scheme for the half-wave dipole 3 in the form of dual polarization folding.

[0037] The antenna radiating element 2 provided by this invention, by using a frequency selective circuit, adds an extended radiating arm 9 to the end of the arm 5 of the half-wave dipole 3. The transmission characteristics for input signals of different frequencies are controlled by a frequency selective circuit 8. In scenarios where the frequency selective circuit 8 exhibits passband and stopband characteristics, the electrical lengths of the arm 5 of the half-wave dipole 3 are equivalent to different frequencies, thereby increasing the adaptability of the arm 5 of the half-wave dipole 3 to resonance effects at different frequencies. Applying the technical solution provided by this invention, the relative bandwidth of the antenna radiating element 2 is extended to 40-55%.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna radiating element, characterized in that, include: A half-wave oscillator, arranged in a rectangular shape, includes a balun and an oscillator arm electrically connected to the balun; The bandwidth extension section includes a frequency selection circuit and an extension radiation arm. The frequency selection circuit is used to connect the oscillator arm and the extension radiation arm. The extension radiation arm is L-shaped and partially surrounds the half-wave oscillator. The two ends of the L-shaped extension radiation arm are electrically connected to the half-wave oscillator through the frequency selection circuit. The starting frequency of the half-wave oscillator is a first frequency, and the ending frequency is a second frequency. The frequency selection circuit is set to be a stopband when the frequency is higher than the first frequency and a passband when the frequency is lower than the first frequency, so that the starting frequency of the antenna radiating element is extended to a lower frequency band.

2. The antenna radiating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibrator arm, the frequency selection circuit, and the extended radiation arm are arranged in the same line.

3. The antenna radiating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibrator arm and the bandwidth extension section are arranged at an angle to each other.

4. The antenna radiating element according to claim 3, characterized in that, The oscillator arm is arranged perpendicularly to the bandwidth extension section, which is located on the side of the oscillator arm closest to the balun.

5. The antenna radiating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency selection circuit includes a microstrip combiner or a directional coupling circuit.

6. The antenna radiating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The half-wave oscillator also includes a feed metal sheet.

7. An antenna device, characterized in that, It includes four antenna radiating elements, which are arranged in a grid-like dual-polarized distribution, and each antenna radiating element is an antenna radiating element as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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