In-band network measurement method, packet and data transmission system

Abstract

The application provides an in-band network measurement method, a message and a data transmission system, and relates to the technical field of networks. The method comprises the following steps: a first network device adds a general routing encapsulation header and a first in-band network measurement header in a first message; the general routing encapsulation header is used to indicate that the first message needs to be detected by in-band network measurement. The first network device performs in-band network measurement detection according to the first in-band network measurement header, obtains first detection information, and sends the first detection information to a data processing device. After the first message is transmitted from the first network device to a second network device, the second network device performs in-band network measurement detection according to the first in-band network measurement header, obtains second detection information, and sends the second detection information to the data processing device. The data processing device determines a network measurement result from the first network device to the second network device according to the first detection information and the second detection information. The method can avoid the conflict between in-band network measurement and other characteristics.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of network, and particularly relates to an in-situ flow information telemetry (IFIT) method, a message and a data transmission system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The IFIT (in-situ flow information telemetry) technology can realize direct detection of performance indexes such as delay, packet loss and jitter of a network by marking features in actual network traffic (such as real network service messages) and inserting an IFIT message header (or IFIT header) in the actual network traffic.

[0003] At present, in some implementation scenarios such as a native IP scenario, IFIT detection is performed by marking features in a reserved field in an IP header. However, the IP header of an IP message can be a message header encapsulated by a client, and the client can use the reserved field in the IP header to perform some special operations. Therefore, the IFIT detection performed by marking features in the reserved field in the IP header can conflict with the client function. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides an in-situ flow information telemetry method, a message and a data transmission system, which can avoid conflict between in-situ flow information telemetry and other features.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides an in-situ flow information telemetry method, which includes: a first network device adding a generic routing encapsulation header and a first in-situ flow information telemetry header in a first message; the generic routing encapsulation header is used to indicate that the first message needs to be detected by in-situ flow information telemetry; the first network device performs in-situ flow information telemetry detection according to the first in-situ flow information telemetry header to obtain first detection information; the first network device sends the first detection information to a data processing device; after the first message is transmitted from the first network device to a second network device, the second network device performs in-situ flow information telemetry detection according to the first in-situ flow information telemetry header to obtain second detection information; the second network device sends the second detection information to the data processing device; and the data processing device determines a network measurement result between the first network device and the second network device according to the first detection information and the second detection information.

[0006] The first detection information can be the number of the first message with a dye mark added in the first in-situ flow information telemetry header and timestamp information in the first in-situ flow information telemetry header, which are obtained by the first network device. The second detection information can be the number of the first message with a dye mark added in the first in-situ flow information telemetry header and timestamp information in the first in-situ flow information telemetry header, which are obtained by the second network device.

[0007] For example, the first network device adds the dye mark and the timestamp in the first in-band network measurement header in the first message, and counts the number of the first message with the dye mark added in the first in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the first in-band network measurement header according to the first period.

[0008] The first network device sends the number of the first message with the dye mark added in the first in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the first in-band network measurement header counted by the first network device to the data processing device. After the first message is transmitted by the first network device to the second network device, the second network device counts the number of the first message with the dye mark added in the first in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the first in-band network measurement header according to the first period. The second network device sends the number of the first message with the dye mark added in the first in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the first in-band network measurement header counted by the second network device to the data processing device. The data processing device determines the network measurement result between the first network device and the second network device according to the number of the first message with the dye mark added in the first in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the first in-band network measurement header counted by the first network device and the second network device respectively.

[0009] The in-band network measurement method uses the newly added generic routing encapsulation header for feature marking, and does not have the problem of conflict between the in-band network measurement and other features.

[0010] Optionally, the method further includes: deleting, by the second network device, the newly added generic routing encapsulation header and the first in-band network measurement header in the first message.

[0011] For example, the second network device can be a network element that ends the IFIT detection.

[0012] In an implementation manner, the method further includes: adding, by the first network device, an in-band network measurement identification layer in the first message, the in-band network measurement identification layer including a first identification, the first identification being used to indicate the number of layers of nested in-band network measurement; and setting, by the first network device, the value of the first identification to 1.

[0013] The first identification can be an in-band network measurement header nesting identification. The number of layers of in-band network measurement header added can be reflected in the in-band network measurement header nesting identification, for example, when one layer of in-band network measurement header is added, the corresponding in-band network measurement header nesting identification is increased by one, and when one layer of in-band network measurement header is deleted, the in-band network measurement header nesting identification is decreased by one.

[0014] The current IFIT technology cannot implement nested IFIT detection. For example, taking the transmission process of an IP packet sequentially passing through four network elements NE1, NE2, NE3, and NE4 as an example, when IFIT detection can be performed between NE1 and NE4, NE1 can mark the IP packet with a feature, insert an IFIT header in the IP packet, and alternately color (add a coloring mark) and add a timestamp in the IFIT header according to a certain period, while counting the coloring number and timestamp information of the IP packet in the period and reporting to a centralized computing unit. When the IP packet passes through NE2, NE3, and NE4, NE2, NE3, and NE4 can count the coloring number and timestamp information of the IP packet in the period according to the same period as NE1, and report to the centralized computing unit. The centralized computing unit can calculate the delay value, jitter value, and packet loss rate. NE4 can remove the feature mark and IFIT header in the IP packet.

[0015] On the basis of the IFIT detection between NE1 and NE4 described above, if it is necessary to start another layer of IFIT detection between NE2 and NE3, the IP header will be occupied, and the IFIT header can only add one layer, which will cause the new IFIT detection to be unable to be started. Here, the IFIT detection between NE1 and NE4 can be referred to as first layer IFIT detection, and the IFIT detection between NE2 and NE3 can be referred to as second layer IFIT detection. The second layer IFIT detection is nested with the first layer IFIT detection, that is, the second layer IFIT detection can be referred to as nested IFIT detection of the first layer IFIT detection.

[0016] The present implementation can support multi-layer nested in-band network measurement detection. The present implementation can implement N-layer nested IFIT detection. N is an integer greater than 0.

[0017] Optionally, the first packet sequentially passes through the first network device, a third network device, a fourth network device, and the second network device; the method further includes: after the first network device transmits the first packet to the third network device, the third network device adds a second in-band network measurement header in the first packet, and updates the first identifier according to the number of layers of the second in-band network measurement header; the third network device performs in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header to obtain third detection information; the third network device sends the third detection information to the data processing device; after the third network device transmits the first packet to the fourth network device, the fourth network device performs in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header to obtain fourth detection information; the fourth network device sends the fourth detection information to the data processing device; and the data processing device determines a network measurement result between the third network device and the fourth network device according to the third detection information and the fourth detection information.

[0018] The third detection information can be the number of the first packet with the dye mark added in the second in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the second in-band network measurement header counted by the third network device. The fourth detection information can be the number of the first packet with the dye mark added in the second in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the second in-band network measurement header counted by the fourth network device.

[0019] For example, the third network device adds the dye mark and the timestamp in the second in-band network measurement header of the first packet, and counts the number of the first packet with the dye mark added in the second in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the second in-band network measurement header according to the second period. The third network device sends the number of the first packet with the dye mark added in the second in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the second in-band network measurement header counted by the third network device to the data processing device. After the first packet is transmitted from the third network device to the fourth network device, the fourth network device counts the number of the first packet with the dye mark added in the second in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the second in-band network measurement header according to the second period. The fourth network device sends the number of the first packet with the dye mark added in the second in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the second in-band network measurement header counted by the fourth network device to the data processing device. The data processing device determines the network measurement result between the third network device and the fourth network device according to the number of the first packet with the dye mark added in the second in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the second in-band network measurement header counted by the third network device and the fourth network device respectively.

[0020] The first network device can be a network element that starts the initial IFIT detection, and the second network device can be a network element that ends the initial IFIT detection.

[0021] The third network device can be a network element that starts the Mth layer IFIT detection (M is an integer greater than 1), and the fourth network device can be a network element that ends the Mth layer IFIT detection. The Mth layer IFIT detection is used to measure the time delay value, the jitter value, the packet loss rate and other information between the network element that starts the Mth layer IFIT detection and the network element that ends the Mth layer IFIT detection.

[0022] Optionally, the first period and the second period can be the same or different.

[0023] In the present application, the packet can be an IP packet. The IP packet can include an ETH header, an IP header, and a payload. A generic routing encapsulation header can be located after the IP header, an in-band network measurement identification layer can be located after the generic routing encapsulation header, and an in-band network measurement header can be located after the in-band network measurement identification layer and before the payload. In the in-band network measurement header, an Nth in-band network measurement header is located before an (N+1)th in-band network measurement header.

[0024] Optionally, the method further includes: the fourth network device deleting the second in-band network measurement header in the first packet and updating the first identification according to the number of layers of the second in-band network measurement header.

[0025] For example, the fourth network device can be a network element that ends the in-band network measurement detection between the third network device and the fourth network device.

[0026] Optionally, the method further includes: the second network device deleting the in-band network measurement identification layer in the first packet.

[0027] In an implementation manner, the in-band network measurement identification layer further includes: a first field, the first field being used for identifying the length of the first in-band network measurement header.

[0028] In an implementation manner, the in-band network measurement identification layer further includes: a reserved field.

[0029] The reserved field can be used for implementing other extension functions.

[0030] In an implementation manner, the first network device adds the generic routing encapsulation header in the first packet, including: the first network device adding the generic routing encapsulation header in the first packet and extending a protocol field in the generic routing encapsulation header, adding a second identification in the protocol field, the second identification being used for identifying that the generic routing encapsulation header is used for indicating that the first packet needs to be detected by in-band network measurement.

[0031] For example, the second identification can be an in-band network measurement identification.

[0032] In a second aspect, the present application provides an in-band network measurement device, which can be applied to the first network device in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, and is used for implementing the steps performed by the first network device in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect. The functions of the device can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the steps performed by the first network device in the in-band network measurement method of the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0033] For example, the apparatus comprises: a transceiving unit and a processing unit; the processing unit is configured to add a generic routing encapsulation header and a first in-band network measurement header in a first packet; the generic routing encapsulation header is used to indicate that the first packet needs to be detected by in-band network measurement; and the first in-band network measurement header is used to perform in-band network measurement detection, and obtain first detection information. The transceiving unit is configured to send the first detection information to a data processing device.

[0034] In a third aspect, the present application provides an in-band network measurement apparatus, which can be applied to the second network device in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, and is used to implement the steps performed by the second network device in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect. The functions of the apparatus can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software comprises one or more modules or units corresponding to the steps performed by the second network device in the in-band network measurement method of the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0035] For example, the apparatus comprises: a transceiving unit and a processing unit; the processing unit is configured to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the first in-band network measurement header, and obtain second detection information. The transceiving unit is configured to send the second detection information to a data processing device.

[0036] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an in-band network measurement apparatus, which can be applied to the data processing device in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, and is used to implement the steps performed by the data processing device in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect. The functions of the apparatus can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software comprises one or more modules or units corresponding to the steps performed by the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method of the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0037] For example, the apparatus comprises: a transceiving unit and a processing unit; the transceiving unit is configured to receive first detection information and second detection information. The processing unit is configured to determine a network measurement result between the first network device and the second network device according to the first detection information and the second detection information.

[0038] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, which can be the first network device, or the second network device, or the data processing device in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect. The electronic device comprises a processor, a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, and the processor is configured to execute the instructions so that the electronic device implements the steps performed by the first network device, or the steps performed by the second network device, or the steps performed by the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0039] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer program instructions; when the computer program instructions are executed by an electronic device, the electronic device implements the steps performed by the first network device, or the steps performed by the second network device, or the steps performed by the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0040] In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a computer program product comprising computer-readable code, or a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium carrying computer-readable code, and when the computer-readable code is executed in an electronic device, a processor in the electronic device implements the steps performed by the first network device, or the steps performed by the second network device, or the steps performed by the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0041] In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a packet, which can be used in the scenario of in-band network detection. The packet comprises a generic routing encapsulation header and an in-band network measurement header; the generic routing encapsulation header is used to indicate that the packet needs to be detected by in-band network measurement; and the in-band network measurement header is used to perform in-band network measurement detection.

[0042] Optionally, the packet further comprises an in-band network measurement identification layer; the in-band network measurement identification layer comprises a first identification, the first identification is used to indicate the number of nested in-band network measurement layers; and the in-band network measurement header comprises one or more layers, and the value of the first identification is related to the number of layers of the in-band network measurement header.

[0043] Optionally, the in-band network measurement identification layer further comprises a first field, and the first field is used to identify the length of the in-band network measurement header.

[0044] Optionally, the in-band network measurement identification layer further comprises a reserved field.

[0045] Optionally, the second identifier is included in a protocol field in the generic routing encapsulation header, and the second identifier is used to indicate that the generic routing encapsulation header is used to indicate that the packet needs to be detected for in-band network measurement.

[0046] Optionally, in the present application, the packet can be an IP packet. The IP packet can include an ETH header, an IP header, and a payload. The generic routing encapsulation header can be located after the IP header, the in-band network measurement identifier layer can be located after the generic routing encapsulation header, and the in-band network measurement header can be located after the in-band network measurement identifier layer and before the payload. In the in-band network measurement header, the Nth in-band network measurement header is located before the (N+1)th in-band network measurement header.

[0047] In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a data transmission system, comprising: a first network device, a second network device, and a data processing device connected to each other; the first network device is configured to add a generic routing encapsulation header and a first in-band network measurement header in a first packet; the generic routing encapsulation header is used to indicate that the first packet needs to be detected for in-band network measurement; the first in-band network measurement header is used to perform in-band network measurement detection, obtain first detection information, and send the first detection information to the data processing device; after the first packet is transmitted from the first network device to the second network device, the second network device is configured to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the first in-band network measurement header, obtain second detection information, and send the second detection information to the data processing device; and the data processing device is configured to determine a network measurement result between the first network device and the second network device according to the first detection information and the second detection information.

[0048] Optionally, the second network device is further configured to delete the added generic routing encapsulation header and the first in-band network measurement header in the first packet.

[0049] Optionally, the first network device is further configured to add an in-band network measurement identifier layer in the first packet, the in-band network measurement identifier layer includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate the number of nested in-band network measurement layers; and the first network device is further configured to set the value of the first identifier to 1.

[0050] Optionally, the data transmission system further comprises: a third network device, a fourth network device; the first network device is connected with the third network device, the third network device is connected with the fourth network device, and the fourth network device is connected with the second network device; the data processing device is connected with the third network device and the fourth network device respectively; the first packet flows through the first network device, the third network device, the fourth network device, and the second network device in sequence; after the first network device transmits the first packet to the third network device, the third network device is configured to add a second in-band network measurement header in the first packet, and update the first identifier according to the number of layers of the second in-band network measurement header; the third network device is further configured to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header, obtain third detection information, and send the third detection information to the data processing device; after the third network device transmits the first packet to the fourth network device, the fourth network device is configured to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header, obtain fourth detection information, and send the fourth detection information to the data processing device; and the data processing device is configured to determine a network measurement result between the third network device and the fourth network device according to the third detection information and the fourth detection information.

[0051] Optionally, the fourth network device is further configured to delete the second in-band network measurement header in the first packet.

[0052] Optionally, the second network device is further configured to delete the in-band network measurement identifier layer in the first packet.

[0053] Optionally, in the present application, the packet can be an IP packet. The IP packet can comprise an ETH header, an IP header, and a payload. The generic routing encapsulation header can be located after the IP header, the in-band network measurement identifier layer can be located after the generic routing encapsulation header, and the in-band network measurement header can be located before the payload after the in-band network measurement identifier layer. In the in-band network measurement header, the Nth in-band network measurement header is located before the (N+1)th in-band network measurement header.

[0054] In a tenth aspect, the present application further provides an in-band network measurement method, comprising:

[0055] The third network device receives the first packet, the first packet comprising a generic routing encapsulation header, a first in-band network measurement header, and an in-band network measurement identification layer; the generic routing encapsulation header is used to indicate that the first packet needs to be detected by in-band network measurement; the in-band network measurement identification layer comprises a first identification, which is used to indicate the number of layers of nested in-band network measurement. The third network device adds a second in-band network measurement header to the first packet, and updates the first identification according to the number of layers of the second in-band network measurement header. The third network device performs in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header, and obtains third detection information. The third network device sends the third detection information to the data processing device. When the first packet is transmitted to the fourth network device by the third network device, the fourth network device performs in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header, and obtains fourth detection information. The fourth network device sends the fourth detection information to the data processing device; and the data processing device determines a network measurement result between the third network device and the fourth network device according to the third detection information and the fourth detection information.

[0056] Optionally, the method further comprises: the fourth network device deleting the second in-band network measurement header in the first packet, and updating the first identification according to the number of layers of the second in-band network measurement header.

[0057] For example, the fourth network device can be a network element that ends the in-band network measurement detection between the third network device and the fourth network device.

[0058] Optionally, in the present application, the packet can be an IP packet. The IP packet can comprise an ETH header, an IP header, and a payload. The generic routing encapsulation header can be located after the IP header, the in-band network measurement identification layer can be located after the generic routing encapsulation header, and the in-band network measurement header can be located before the payload and after the in-band network measurement identification layer. In the in-band network measurement header, the Nth in-band network measurement header is located before the (N+1)th in-band network measurement header.

[0059] In an eleventh aspect, the present application provides an in-band network measurement device, which can be applied to the third network device in the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect, and is used to implement the steps performed by the third network device in the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect. The functions of the device can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software comprises one or more modules or units corresponding to the steps performed by the third network device in the in-band network measurement method in the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect.

[0060] For example, the apparatus comprises: a transceiver and a processing unit; the transceiver is configured to receive a packet and send third detection information to a data processing device; the processing unit is configured to add a second in-band network measurement header in the first packet, update the first identifier according to the number of layers of the second in-band network measurement header, perform in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header, and obtain the third detection information.

[0061] In a twelfth aspect, the present application provides an in-band network measurement apparatus, which can be applied to the fourth network device in the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect, and is configured to implement the steps performed by the fourth network device in the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect. The functions of the apparatus can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software comprises one or more modules or units corresponding to the steps performed by the fourth network device in the in-band network measurement method of the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect.

[0062] For example, the apparatus comprises: a transceiver and a processing unit; the transceiver is configured to receive a packet and send fourth detection information to a data processing device; the processing unit is configured to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header, and obtain the fourth detection information.

[0063] In a thirteenth aspect, the present application provides an in-band network measurement apparatus, which can be applied to the data processing device in the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect, and is configured to implement the steps performed by the data processing device in the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect. The functions of the apparatus can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software comprises one or more modules or units corresponding to the steps performed by the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method of the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect.

[0064] For example, the apparatus comprises: a transceiver and a processing unit; the transceiver is configured to receive third detection information and fourth detection information; the processing unit is configured to determine a network measurement result between the third network device and the fourth network device according to the third detection information and the fourth detection information.

[0065] In a fourteenth aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, which can be the third network device, or the fourth network device, or the data processing device in the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect. The electronic device comprises a processor and a memory storing processor-executable instructions. The processor is configured to execute the instructions, so that the electronic device implements the steps performed by the third network device, or the fourth network device, or the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method in the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect.

[0066] In a fifteenth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program instructions; when the computer program instructions are executed by an electronic device, the electronic device implements the steps performed by the third network device, or the fourth network device, or the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method in the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect.

[0067] In a sixteenth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product comprising computer-readable code, or a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium carrying computer-readable code, when the computer-readable code is run in an electronic device, a processor in the electronic device implements the steps performed by the third network device, or the fourth network device, or the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method in the tenth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect.

[0068] The beneficial effects of the second aspect to the sixteenth aspect are described in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0069] It should be understood that the description of technical features, technical solutions, beneficial effects or similar language in the present application does not imply that all features and advantages can be achieved in any single embodiment. On the contrary, it can be understood that the description of a feature or a beneficial effect means that the specific technical feature, technical solution or beneficial effect is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the description of technical features, technical solutions or beneficial effects in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the technical features, technical solutions and beneficial effects described in the embodiments can be combined in any appropriate manner. Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments can be implemented without one or more specific technical features, technical solutions or beneficial effects of a specific embodiment. In other embodiments, additional technical features and beneficial effects can be identified in specific embodiments that do not embody all embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0070] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of an IP packet.

[0071] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation principle of IFIT technology.

[0072] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another implementation principle of IFIT technology;

[0073] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of IP packets during the initial IFIT detection process in the in-band network measurement method provided in this application embodiment;

[0074] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of IP packets during the second-layer IFIT detection process in the in-band network measurement method provided in this application embodiment;

[0075] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of IP packets during the Nth layer IFIT detection process in the in-band network measurement method provided in this application embodiment;

[0076] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the definitions of the IP header, GRE header, and IFIT identifier layer in the in-band network measurement method provided in this application embodiment;

[0077] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a network architecture provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 9 A schematic flowchart illustrating the in-band network measurement method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0079] Figure 10 A schematic diagram illustrating the changes in IP packets during the first-layer IFIT detection process between NE1 and NE4, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0080] Figure 11 Another schematic flowchart of the in-band network measurement method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0081] Figure 12 A schematic diagram illustrating the changes in IP packets during the first-layer IFIT detection between NE1 and NE4, and the nested second-layer IFIT detection between NE2 and NE3, as provided in this embodiment of the application.

[0082] Figure 13 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of IP packets in a non-nested IFIT detection scenario provided in this application embodiment;

[0083] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the definition of the IP header and GRE header in a non-nested IFIT detection scenario provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0084] Figure 15 A structure diagram of an in-band network measurement device provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 1.

[0085] Figure 16 Another structure diagram of an in-band network measurement device provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 2.

[0086] Figure 17 Still another structure diagram of an in-band network measurement device provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0087] The terminology used in the following embodiments is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. As used in the description of the embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include both singular and plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0088] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in some embodiments" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, unless otherwise specified. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and their variations, as used in this disclosure, mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise indicated. The terms "coupled" and "connected," as used in this disclosure, mean either be directly connected to or be indirectly connected via some other device or interface.

[0089] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for the purpose of description, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0090] In the embodiments of the present application, the words "exemplary" and "for example" are used to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "for example" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the words "exemplary" and "for example" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner.

[0091] Facing the 5th generation mobile communication technology (5G) and the cloud era, the services and architecture of the internet protocol (IP) network have undergone tremendous changes. On the one hand, the development of 5G has brought about the rise of rich new services such as high-definition video, virtual reality (VR), and Internet of Vehicles; on the other hand, the cloudification of network devices and services has become an inevitable trend in order to facilitate unified management and reduce operation and maintenance costs. New services and new architectures have posed many challenges to the current bearer network, including ultra-bandwidth, ultra-connection, low latency, and high reliability.

[0092] Traditional network operation and maintenance methods cannot meet the high reliability requirements of new services and new architectures, and the main problems are passive fault perception and inefficient fault localization.

[0093] In terms of passive fault perception, operation and maintenance personnel can usually only determine the fault range according to user complaints or work orders issued by surrounding business departments, in which case the operation and maintenance personnel's fault perception is delayed and fault handling is passive, resulting in a large troubleshooting pressure and ultimately a poor user experience.

[0094] In terms of localization efficiency, fault localization often requires multi-team collaboration, and the lack of a clear localization mechanism between teams can lead to unclear responsibility; the method of manually troubleshooting each device to find fault devices for restart or switching has low troubleshooting efficiency.

[0095] In the above background, an in-situ flow information telemetry (IFIT) technology is proposed in the related art, which can directly detect network performance indicators such as latency, packet loss, and jitter by marking features in actual network traffic (such as real network service packets) and inserting IFIT packet headers (or IFIT headers) in the actual network traffic. The IFIT technology has the outstanding advantages of easy deployment and high statistical accuracy.

[0096] For example, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an IP packet. As Figure 1 shown, the IP packet can include an ethernet (ETH) header, an IP header, and a payload.

[0097] The IP packet is also referred to as an IP data packet. The EHT header is also referred to as an Ethernet header, and can include a media access control (MAC) address of a source node (source device) that sends the IP packet and a MAC address of a target node (target device) that receives the IP packet.

[0098] The IP header can include an IP address of the source node that sends the IP packet, an IP address of the target node that receives the IP packet, a version of an IP protocol (such as IPV4 or IPV6), a length of the IP packet, a reserved field, and the like.

[0099] The payload can include data actually transmitted by the IP packet, such as service information.

[0100] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation principle of the IFIT technology. As shown in FIG. 1, taking a transmission process of an IP packet (such as an IP packet in a service flow) sequentially flowing through three network elements (network elements, NEs) 1, 2, and 3 as an example, when IFIT detection is performed between the NEs 1 and 3, the NE 1 can perform feature marking (such as IFIT feature marking shown in FIG. 2) on the IP packet, insert an IFIT header into the IP packet, and alternately color (add a coloring mark) the IP packet in the IFIT header according to a certain period, add a time stamp, simultaneously count a coloring number and time stamp information of the IP packet in the period, and report the coloring number and the time stamp information to a centralized computing unit. Figure 2 Figure 2 The feature marking is used to indicate that the IP packet needs to be subjected to IFIT detection. The IFIT header can be located between the IP header and the payload. In addition to the coloring mark and the time stamp, the IFIT header can further include target flow ID, a measurement period, and the like. The target flow ID can be used to uniquely identify a service flow to which the IP packet belongs.

[0101] When the IP packet flows through the NE 2 and the NE 3, the NE 2 and the NE 3 can respectively count the coloring number and the time stamp information of the IP packet in the period according to the same period as the NE 1, and report the coloring number and the time stamp information to the centralized computing unit.

[0102] The centralized computing unit can be a server or a network device with data processing capability. After receiving the coloring number and the time stamp information of the IP packet reported by the NE 1, the NE 2, and the NE 3 respectively, the centralized computing unit can calculate a time delay value, a jitter value, a packet loss rate, and the like.

[0103] Please continue to refer to FIG. 1.

[0104] Please continue to refer to FIG. 1. Figure 2 ​As shown, the feature mark and the IFIT header are consistent in the IP packet between NE1 and NE2. At NE3, since NE3 is the last node for IFIT detection, NE3 can remove the feature mark and the IFIT header in the IP packet.

[0105] Currently, in some implementation scenarios, such as native IP scenarios, the feature mark is performed by using the reserved field in the IP header during IFIT detection. However, the IP header of the IP packet can be a packet header encapsulated by a client, and the client can use the reserved field in the IP header to perform some special operations. The use of the reserved field in the IP header for the feature mark in IFIT detection can conflict with the client function.

[0106] In addition, the current IFIT technology cannot implement nested IFIT detection. For example, Figure 3 Another implementation principle of the IFIT technology is shown in FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 3, taking the transmission process of an IP packet sequentially passing through NE1, NE2, NE3, and NE4 as an example, when IFIT detection is performed between NE1 and NE4, NE1 can perform feature marking (such as the IFIT feature marking shown in FIG. 1) on the IP packet, insert an IFIT header into the IP packet, and alternately color (add a coloring mark) and add a timestamp to the IP packet in the IFIT header according to a certain period, and simultaneously count the coloring number and the timestamp information of the IP packet in the period and report to a centralized computing unit. Figure 3 Figure 3 When the IP packet passes through NE2, NE3, and NE4, NE2, NE3, and NE4 can count the coloring number and the timestamp information of the IP packet in the period according to the same period as NE1, and report to the centralized computing unit. The centralized computing unit can calculate the delay value, the jitter value, and the packet loss rate. NE4 can remove the feature mark and the IFIT header in the IP packet.

[0107] On the basis of the IFIT detection between NE1 and NE4 described above, if it is necessary to start another layer of IFIT detection between NE2 and NE3, the reserved field in the IP header has been occupied, and the IFIT header can only add one layer, which leads to the failure to start new IFIT detection. Here, the IFIT detection between NE1 and NE4 can be referred to as first layer IFIT detection, and the IFIT detection between NE2 and NE3 can be referred to as second layer IFIT detection. The second layer IFIT detection is nested with the first layer IFIT detection, that is, the second layer IFIT detection can be referred to as nested IFIT detection of the first layer IFIT detection.

[0108] On the basis of the IFIT detection between NE1 and NE4 described above, if it is necessary to start another layer of IFIT detection between NE2 and NE3, the reserved field in the IP header has been occupied, and the IFIT header can only add one layer, which leads to the failure to start new IFIT detection. Here, the IFIT detection between NE1 and NE4 can be referred to as first layer IFIT detection, and the IFIT detection between NE2 and NE3 can be referred to as second layer IFIT detection. The second layer IFIT detection is nested with the first layer IFIT detection, that is, the second layer IFIT detection can be referred to as nested IFIT detection of the first layer IFIT detection.

[0109] ​The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of in-band network measurement method, this method can solve the problem that IFIT can conflict with other characteristics in current native IP scene (such as using the reserved field in IP header to carry out feature marking can conflict with customer function), and can support multi-layer nested IFIT detection.

[0110] The method can be suitable for the scene of IFIT detection between two network elements in network. The scene of IFIT detection between two network elements can mainly include the following 1) and 2) two kinds:

[0111] 1) initial IFIT detection, or first layer IFIT detection;

[0112] 2) nested IFIT detection, or M layer IFIT detection, M is an integer greater than 1.

[0113] For scenario 1), before starting initial IFIT detection, the format of IP packet can refer to the above Figure 1 As shown, including: ETH header, IP header and payload. When starting initial IFIT detection, the network element (which can be referred to as first network device) starting initial IFIT detection can add a standard generic routing encapsulation (GRE) header, an IFIT identification layer and an IFIT header (which can be referred to as first layer IFIT header or first IFIT header) in sequence after the IP header of IP packet (which can be referred to as first packet) and before the payload, and alternately dye (add dyeing mark) and add timestamp in the IFIT header according to a certain period, while counting the number of dyeing and timestamp information of IP packet in this period (such as counting the number of first in-band network measurement header with dyeing mark and the timestamp information in first in-band network measurement header), and reporting to the centralized computing unit. GRE header can be used to indicate that the IP packet needs to be detected by IFIT. IFIT identification layer can add IFIT header nesting identification field, which is used to count the number of nested IFIT detection when IFIT detection. That is, IFIT header nesting identification can be used to indicate the number of nested layers when nested IFIT detection. In scenario 1), the number of nested layers of initial IFIT detection is 1, and the value of IFIT header nesting identification is 1. IFIT header nesting identification can be referred to as first identification. The first network device can set the value of the first identification to 1.

[0114] The first message quantity added with the dye mark in the first in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the first in-band network measurement header obtained by the network element starting the initial IFIT detection can be referred to as first detection information. That is, the first network device can perform in-band network measurement detection according to the first in-band network measurement header to obtain the first detection information.

[0115] When the IP message flows through the intermediate network element between the network element starting the initial IFIT detection and the network element ending the initial IFIT detection and the network element ending the initial IFIT detection, the intermediate network element and the network element ending the initial IFIT detection (which can be collectively referred to as a second network device) can respectively count the dye quantity and the timestamp information of the IP message in the current period according to the same period as the network element starting the initial IFIT detection, and report to the centralized computing unit, so that the centralized computing unit calculates the delay value, the jitter value, and the packet loss rate.

[0116] The first message quantity added with the dye mark in the first in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the first in-band network measurement header obtained by the intermediate network element and the network element ending the initial IFIT detection can be referred to as second detection information. That is, the second network device can perform in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header to obtain the second detection information.

[0117] The centralized computing unit (which can be referred to as a data processing device) can determine the network measurement result between the first network device and the second network device according to the first detection information and the second detection information. The network measurement result is the delay value, the jitter value, and the packet loss rate.

[0118] Optionally, when there is no intermediate network element between the network element starting the initial IFIT detection and the network element ending the initial IFIT detection, or the intermediate network element does not support the IFIT detection function, only the network element ending the initial IFIT detection can count the dye quantity and the timestamp information of the IP message in the current period according to the same period as the network element starting the initial IFIT detection, and report to the centralized computing unit.

[0119] Exemplarily, Figure 4 A composition diagram of the IP message in the initial IFIT detection process in the in-band network measurement method provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, in the initial IFIT detection process, the IP message can include an ETH header, an IP header, a GRE header, an IFIT identification layer, an IFIT header 1, and a payload. The IFIT identification layer includes a header nesting identification (i.e., an IFIT header nesting identification), and the value of the header nesting identification is 1. The value of the header nesting identification is 1, indicating that the number of IFIT headers is 1, and only the first layer of IFIT detection is started.

[0120] For scenario 2), when the nested IFIT detection is the Mth layer IFIT detection, the network element (may be referred to as the third network device) that starts the Mth layer IFIT detection and the network element (may be referred to as the fourth network device) that ends the Mth layer IFIT detection can be any two network elements between the network element that starts the (M-1)th layer IFIT detection and the network element that ends the (M-1)th layer IFIT detection. For example, when the nested IFIT detection is the second layer IFIT detection (i.e., M is equal to 2), the network element that starts the second layer IFIT detection and the network element that ends the second layer IFIT detection can be any two network elements between the network element that starts the primary IFIT detection and the network element that ends the primary IFIT detection.

[0121] Before starting the Mth layer IFIT detection, the IP packet can include an ETH header, an IP header, a GRE header, an IFIT identification layer, an (M-1)th layer IFIT header, and a payload, where the value of the IFIT header nesting identification in the IFIT identification layer is M-1. When starting the Mth layer IFIT detection, the network element that starts the Mth layer IFIT detection can add a layer of IFIT header as the Mth layer IFIT header (or referred to as the second IFIT header) corresponding to the Mth layer IFIT detection after the (M-1)th layer IFIT header and before the payload in the IP packet, and update the value of the IFIT header nesting identification in the IFIT identification layer to M. The network element that starts the Mth layer IFIT detection can alternately color (add a coloring mark) and add a timestamp to the IP packet in the Mth layer IFIT header according to a certain period, and simultaneously count the coloring number and the timestamp information of the IP packet in the period (such as counting the number of the first packet with the coloring mark added in the second in-band network measurement header, and the timestamp information in the second in-band network measurement header), and report to the centralized computing unit.

[0122] The number of the first packet with the coloring mark added in the second in-band network measurement header and the timestamp information in the second in-band network measurement header counted by the network element that starts the Mth layer IFIT detection can be referred to as the third detection information. That is, the third network device can perform in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header to obtain the third detection information.

[0123] When the IP packet flows through the intermediate network element between the network element that starts the Mth layer IFIT detection and the network element that ends the Mth layer IFIT detection, and the network element that ends the Mth layer IFIT detection, the intermediate network element and the network element that ends the Mth layer IFIT detection can respectively count the coloring number and the timestamp information of the IP packet in the period according to the same period as the network element that starts the Mth layer IFIT detection, and report to the centralized computing unit for the centralized computing unit to calculate the delay value, the jitter value, the packet loss rate and the like.

[0124] That is, the IFIT identification layer can add an IFIT header nesting identification field for counting when performing nested IFIT detection. The IFIT header nesting identification can be used to represent the number of nesting layers when performing nested IFIT detection.

[0125] The number of first packets with the dyeing mark added in the second in-band network measurement header obtained by the network element that ends the M-layer IFIT detection and the timestamp information in the second in-band network measurement header can be referred to as fourth detection information. That is, the fourth network device can perform in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header to obtain the fourth detection information.

[0126] The centralized computing unit can determine the network measurement result between the third network device and the fourth network device according to the third detection information and the fourth detection information.

[0127] Optionally, when there is no intermediate network element between the network element that starts the M-layer IFIT detection and the network element that ends the M-layer IFIT detection, or the intermediate network element does not support the IFIT detection function, the network element that ends the M-layer IFIT detection can also count the number of IP packets dyed and the timestamp information in the current period according to the same period as the network element that starts the M-layer IFIT detection, and report to the centralized computing unit.

[0128] Exemplarily, taking the nested IFIT detection as the second-layer IFIT detection (that is, M equals 2) as an example, Figure 5 The composition of the IP packet in the second-layer IFIT detection process in the in-band network measurement method provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure. Before starting the second-layer IFIT detection, the format of the IP packet can refer to the above Figure 4 As shown in the figure, it includes an ETH header, an IP header, a GRE header, an IFIT identification layer, an IFIT header 1, and a payload. As Figure 5 As shown in the figure, when starting the second-layer IFIT detection, the network element that starts the second-layer IFIT detection can add a layer of IFIT header 2 as the second-layer IFIT header corresponding to the second-layer IFIT detection after the IFIT header 1 in the IP packet and before the payload on the basis of the above Figure 4 The value of the IFIT header nesting identification in the IFIT identification layer is updated from 1 to 2. The network element that starts the second-layer IFIT detection can alternately dye (add a dyeing mark) and add a timestamp to the IP packet in the second-layer IFIT header according to a certain period, count the number of IP packets dyed and the timestamp information in the current period, and report to the centralized computing unit.

[0129] When the IP packet flows through the intermediate network element between the network element starting the second-layer IFIT detection and the network element ending the second-layer IFIT detection, and the network element ending the second-layer IFIT detection, the intermediate network element and the network element ending the second-layer IFIT detection can respectively count the number of the IP packet and the timestamp information in the current period according to the same period as the network element starting the second-layer IFIT detection, and report to the centralized computing unit, so as to obtain the time delay value, the jitter value, the packet loss rate and other information by the centralized computing unit.

[0130] Similar to the process of the second-layer IFIT detection, in the process of the third-layer IFIT detection, the fourth-layer IFIT detection, …, and the M-layer IFIT detection of the nested IFIT detection, the IFIT header can be added on the basis of the previous-layer IFIT detection, and the value of the IFIT header nesting identifier in the IFIT identifier layer can be updated.

[0131] That is, in the present application, the number of layers of the IFIT header can be reflected in the IFIT header nesting identifier, for example, when one layer of IFIT header is added, the corresponding IFIT header nesting identifier is increased by one, and when one layer of IFIT header is deleted, the IFIT header nesting identifier is decreased by one.

[0132] It can be understood that for the N-layer IFIT detection (N is an integer greater than 0), the number of layers of the IFIT header in the IP packet in the N-layer IFIT detection process is N, and the value of the IFIT header nesting identifier included in the IFIT identifier layer is also N.

[0133] For example, Figure 6 The composition of the IP packet in the N-layer IFIT detection process in the in-band network measurement method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. Wherein, N is an integer greater than 0. As shown in Figure 6 When the IFIT header is N layers, the IP packet can include: an ETH header, an IP header, a GRE header, an IFIT identifier layer, an IFIT header 1, an IFIT header 2, …, and an IFIT header N, and a payload. Wherein, the IFIT identifier layer includes a header nesting identifier: N (i.e. the IFIT header nesting identifier), N represents the number of layers of the IFIT header is N. The N-layer IFIT header represents that the number of layers of the IP packet for IFIT nested detection is N layers. When N is equal to 1, it is the initial IFIT detection described in the above scenario 1). When N is greater than 1, it is the nested IFIT detection described in the above scenario 2).

[0134] It should be noted that for the Nth layer IFIT detection, the value of the IFIT header nesting identifier in the IFIT detection process is N, and the network element ending the Nth layer IFIT detection also needs to delete the Nth layer IFIT header and update the value of the IFIT header nesting identifier to N-1. For the network element ending the first layer IFIT detection, the value of the IFIT header nesting identifier is updated to 0, indicating that all IFIT detections are terminated. When the value of the IFIT header nesting identifier is updated to 0, the network element ending the first layer IFIT detection needs to remove the GRE header and the IFIT identification layer. After removing the GRE header and the IFIT identification layer, the IP packet will be restored to the format as shown in Figure 1

[0135] In some embodiments, when the network element starting the initial IFIT detection adds the GRE header, the IFIT identification layer, and the first layer IFIT header in sequence after the IP header and before the payload of the IP packet, the network element can extend the protocol field in the GRE header and add an IFIT identifier in the protocol field in the GRE header. The IFIT identifier is used to identify that the GRE header is used to indicate that the IP packet needs to be subjected to IFIT detection. The IFIT identifier can be referred to as a second identifier.

[0136] Exemplarily, Figure 7 The definition of the IP header, the GRE header, and the IFIT identification layer in the in-band network measurement method provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in Figure 7 As shown in

[0137] Optionally, please continue to refer to Figure 7 As shown in

[0138] The reserved field can be used to implement other extension functions. The IFIT packet length (which can be referred to as a first field) is used to identify the length of the IFIT header carried behind. The GRE identifier is used to be compatible with the GRE tunnel. The IFIT header nesting identifier is used to identify the number of layers of the IFIT header carried by the IP packet. When performing nested detection, the IFIT header nesting identifier can be updated according to the addition and deletion of the IFIT header. The protocol type can identify the protocol type of the passenger protocol carried behind the IFIT header.

[0139] Optionally, please continue to refer to Figure 7 ​As shown, the protocol type corresponding to the GRE header in the IP header can be indicated by a protocol type field as GRE protocol, such as "protocol type = GRE". The GRE header can further include fields of C, R, K, S, encapsulation layer number of the GRE header, reserved field, version information, etc.

[0140] The C field is a checksum verification bit. If the bit is 1, it indicates that the checksum field is inserted in the GRE header. If the bit is 0, it indicates that the checksum field is not included in the GRE header. In this case, the C field can be 0, without carrying the checksum.

[0141] The R (offset / routing) field indicates the offset, and 0 is filled in the field.

[0142] The K field is a key bit. If the bit is 1, it indicates that the key field is inserted in the GRE header. If the bit is 0, it indicates that the key field is not included in the GRE header. In this case, the R field is filled with 0.

[0143] The S field indicates the sequence number of fragmentation and assembly.

[0144] The encapsulation layer number of the GRE header is used to indicate the number of encapsulation layers of the GRE packet. The field is increased by 1 after one GRE encapsulation is completed. If the encapsulation layer number is greater than 3, the packet is discarded. The field prevents the packet from being encapsulated infinitely. The default value of the field can be 0.

[0145] The reserved field can be used to implement other extension functions.

[0146] The version information is a version field, which can be set to 0.

[0147] The following takes the transmission process of an IP packet (such as an IP packet in a service flow) through four network elements (or nodes) of NE1, NE2, NE3, and NE4 as an example to exemplarily describe the execution process of the in-band network measurement method provided by the embodiment of the application.

[0148] Through the method provided by the embodiment of the application, the first-layer IFIT detection can be performed between NE1 and NE4, and the second-layer IFIT detection can be performed between NE2 and NE3, to implement two-layer nested detection. The principles of more-layer nested detection are the same.

[0149] Exemplarily, Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a network architecture is provided for the embodiment of the application. As shown in Figure 8As shown, the network architecture can include four network elements, NE1, NE2, NE3, NE4, and a centralized computing unit. NE1, NE2, NE3, and NE4 can be connected in sequence through wired or wireless networks. The centralized computing unit can be connected with NE1, NE2, NE3, and NE4 through wired or wireless networks respectively.

[0150] The centralized computing unit can be a server or a cloud server, or can also be a network device with data processing capability. Alternatively, the centralized computing unit can also be a data processing module integrated in a certain device. The centralized computing unit is used to receive the IFIT detection information (such as dyeing quantity and timestamp information, etc.) of the IP packet reported by NE1, NE2, NE3, and NE4 respectively, and calculate the time delay value, jitter value, packet loss rate, etc. The specific form of the centralized computing unit is not limited in the present application.

[0151] NE1, NE2, NE3, and NE4 can be terminals, or radio access network (RAN) access network elements, core network elements, etc.

[0152] The terminal, which can also be referred to as a user equipment (UE), can be a mobile phone ("cell" phone), a handset, a computer, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop, a handheld communications device, a handheld computing device, a satellite radio device, a wireless modem card, a television set top box (STB), a customer premise equipment (CPE), a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.), a vehicle-mounted device (e.g., a car, a bicycle, an electric vehicle, an airplane, a ship, a train, a high-speed rail, etc.), a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a smart home device (e.g., a refrigerator, a television, an air conditioner, an electricity meter, etc.), a smart robot, a plant device, a wireless terminal in self driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in a smart city, or a wireless terminal in a smart home, a flight device (e.g., a smart robot, a hot air balloon, a drone, an airplane), and other devices for communicating over a wireless system, etc. The specific forms of the terminal are not limited in the present application.

[0153] The RAN is configured to implement radio access related functions for the terminal, which can also be referred to as an access network. The network device in the RAN can be referred to as a radio access network device. The access network element can refer to the radio access network device.

[0154] In some embodiments, the radio access network device can be a next generation node B (gNB), a next generation evolved node B (ng-eNB), a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a central unit-control plane (CU-CP), a central unit-user plane (CU-UP), etc.

[0155] The core network can include multiple signaling plane network elements, such as an access and mobility management function (AMF), a session management function (SMF), a policy control function (PCF), an application function (AF), a unified data management (UDM), a user plane function (UPF), etc. The core network network element can be the aforementioned signaling plane network element.

[0156] The specific form of the NE1, NE2, NE3, NE4, etc. network element is not limited in the present application.

[0157] Figure 9 The flowchart of the in-band network measurement method provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown. As shown in Figure 9 The flow of the first layer IFIT detection between the NE1 to NE4 shown in Figure 8 may be as follows:

[0158] S901, the NE1 adds a GRE header, an IFIT identification layer, and an IFIT header 1 in sequence after the IP header and before the payload of the IP packet.

[0159] S901 indicates that the NE1 starts the first layer IFIT detection. The IFIT identification layer includes an IFIT header nesting identification, and the value of the IFIT header nesting identification is 1. The IFIT header 1 is the first layer IFIT header corresponding to the first layer IFIT detection.

[0160] The IP packet after S901 can refer to the above Figure 4 shown.

[0161] Optionally, the indication information of the first period can be contained in the IFIT header 1, for indicating the subsequent network elements (such as NE2, NE3, NE4, etc.) to perform the first-layer IFIT detection according to the first period.

[0162] S902, the NE1 performs the first-layer IFIT detection according to the first period, and obtains the first-layer IFIT detection information.

[0163] For example, the NE1 can add the dye mark and the timestamp to the IP packet in the IFIT header 1. The NE1 performs the first-layer IFIT detection according to the first period, and obtains the first-layer IFIT detection information, which can include: counting the dye quantity and the timestamp information of the IP packet in the first period, and the dye quantity and the timestamp information of the IP packet in the first period are the first-layer IFIT detection information obtained by the NE1.

[0164] S903, the NE1 sends the first-layer IFIT detection information obtained by the NE1 to the centralized computing unit.

[0165] S904, the NE2 performs the first-layer IFIT detection according to the first period, and obtains the first-layer IFIT detection information.

[0166] The manner in which the NE2 obtains the first-layer IFIT detection information is the same as that of the NE1, and will not be repeated here.

[0167] S905, the NE2 sends the first-layer IFIT detection information obtained by the NE2 to the centralized computing unit.

[0168] S906, the NE3 performs the first-layer IFIT detection according to the first period, and obtains the first-layer IFIT detection information.

[0169] The manner in which the NE3 obtains the first-layer IFIT detection information is the same as that of the NE1, and will not be repeated here.

[0170] S907, the NE3 sends the first-layer IFIT detection information obtained by the NE3 to the centralized computing unit.

[0171] S908, the NE4 performs the first-layer IFIT detection according to the first period, and obtains the first-layer IFIT detection information.

[0172] The manner in which the NE4 obtains the first-layer IFIT detection information is the same as that of the NE1, and will not be repeated here.

[0173] S909, the NE4 sends the first-layer IFIT detection information obtained by the NE4 to the centralized computing unit.

[0174] S910, the NE4 deletes the GRE header, the IFIT identification layer, and the IFIT header 1 in the IP packet.

[0175] Optionally, NE4 may execute S910 after updating the value of the IFIT header nesting identifier to 0. Alternatively, NE4 may execute S910 directly without updating the value of the IFIT header nesting identifier to 0.

[0176] S911, the centralized computing unit obtains the results of the first-layer IFIT detection between NE1 and NE4 based on the first-layer IFIT detection information obtained by NE1, NE2, NE3 and NE4 respectively.

[0177] The results of the first-layer IFIT detection can include information such as latency, jitter, and packet loss rate.

[0178] It should be noted that S910 and S911 can be executed simultaneously, or S911 can be executed before or after S910; there are no restrictions here. Alternatively, S910 can also be executed simultaneously with S909.

[0179] Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the changes in IP packets during the first-layer IFIT detection process between NE1 and NE4, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 As shown, before NE1 initiates the first-layer IFIT detection, the IP packet may include: an ETH header, an IP header, and a payload. After NE1 initiates the first-layer IFIT detection, during the transmission of the IP packet from NE1 to NE4, the IP packet may include: an ETH header, an IP header, a GRE header, an IFIT identifier layer, IFIT header 1, and a payload. The IFIT identifier layer includes a header nesting identifier (i.e., an IFIT header nesting identifier), and the value of the header nesting identifier is 1. A value of 1 for the header nesting identifier indicates that the IFIT header layer is 1, and currently only the first-layer IFIT detection is initiated.

[0180] As the network element that terminates the first-layer IFIT inspection, NE4 can remove the GRE header, IFIT identifier layer, and IFIT header 1 from the IP packet. When the IP packet is transmitted from NE4, it is restored to the format before the first-layer IFIT inspection, including: ETH header, IP header, and payload.

[0181] Figure 11 This is another schematic flowchart illustrating the in-band network measurement method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 11 As shown, in Figure 8 The process shown, in which the first layer of IFIT detection is performed between NE1 and NE4, and the second layer of IFIT detection is nested between NE2 and NE3, can be as follows:

[0182] S1101 and NE1 add a GRE header, an IFIT identification layer, and an IFIT header 1 sequentially after the IP header and before the payload in the IP packet.

[0183] S1102, NE1 performs first-layer IFIT detection according to the first period, and obtains first-layer IFIT detection information.

[0184] S1103, NE1 sends the first-layer IFIT detection information obtained by NE1 to the centralized computing unit.

[0185] S1101-S1103 can refer to S901-S903, which will not be repeated here.

[0186] S1104, NE2 performs first-layer IFIT detection according to the first period, and obtains first-layer IFIT detection information.

[0187] S1104 can refer to S904, which will not be repeated here.

[0188] S1105, NE2 adds IFIT header 2 after IFIT header 1 and before the payload, and updates the value of the IFIT header nesting identifier in the IFIT identifier layer to 2.

[0189] Optionally, the IFIT header 2 can include indication information of the second period, which is used to indicate the subsequent network element (such as NE3) to perform second-layer IFIT detection according to the second period.

[0190] S1106, NE2 performs second-layer IFIT detection according to the second period, and obtains second-layer IFIT detection information.

[0191] The way of performing second-layer IFIT detection according to the second period is similar to the way of performing first-layer IFIT detection according to the first period, which will not be repeated here. The second period can be the same as or different from the first period.

[0192] The IP packet after S1106 can refer to the above Figure 5 .

[0193] S1107, NE2 sends the first-layer IFIT detection information and the second-layer IFIT detection information obtained by NE2 to the centralized computing unit.

[0194] Optionally, NE2 can also send the obtained first-layer IFIT detection information and second-layer IFIT detection information to the centralized computing unit separately. For example, before S1105 or S1106, NE2 can send the obtained first-layer IFIT detection information to the centralized computing unit.

[0195] S1108, NE3 performs first-layer IFIT detection according to the first period, and obtains first-layer IFIT detection information.

[0196] S1109. The NE 3 performs the second-layer IFIT detection according to the second period, and obtains second-layer IFIT detection information.

[0197] Optionally, S1109 can be executed before or after S1108, or S1109 and S1108 can be executed simultaneously, and the execution sequence is not limited herein.

[0198] The NE 3 obtains the second-layer IFIT detection information in the same manner as the NE 2, and details are not repeated herein.

[0199] S1110. The NE 3 sends the first-layer IFIT detection information and the second-layer IFIT detection information obtained by the NE 3 to the centralized computing unit.

[0200] S1111. The NE 3 deletes the IFIT header 2 in the IP packet, and updates the value of the IFIT header nesting identification in the IFIT identification layer to 1.

[0201] After the IFIT header 2 in the IP packet is deleted and the value of the IFIT header nesting identification in the IFIT identification layer is updated to 1, the format of the IP packet can refer to the format shown in Figure 4 .

[0202] S1112. The centralized computing unit obtains the result of the second-layer IFIT detection between the NE 2 and the NE 3 according to the second-layer IFIT detection information obtained by the NE 2 and the NE 3 respectively.

[0203] The result of the second-layer IFIT detection can include a time delay value, a jitter value, a packet loss rate, and the like.

[0204] It should be noted that S1112 and S1111 can be executed simultaneously, or S1112 can be executed before or after S1111, and the execution sequence is not limited herein. Alternatively, S1111 can also be executed simultaneously with S1110.

[0205] Optionally, S1112 can also be executed simultaneously with S1116.

[0206] S1113. The NE 4 performs the first-layer IFIT detection according to the first period, and obtains first-layer IFIT detection information.

[0207] The NE 4 obtains the first-layer IFIT detection information in the same manner as the NE 1, and details are not repeated herein.

[0208] S1114. The NE 4 sends the first-layer IFIT detection information obtained by the NE 4 to the centralized computing unit.

[0209] S1115. The NE 4 deletes the GRE header, the IFIT identification layer, and the IFIT header 1 in the IP packet.

[0210] S1116, the centralized computing unit obtains the result of the first-layer IFIT detection among NE1 to NE4 according to the first-layer IFIT detection information obtained by NE1, NE2, NE3 and NE4 respectively.

[0211] The result of the first-layer IFIT detection can include information such as a delay value, a jitter value and a packet loss rate.

[0212] It should be noted that S1115 and S1116 can be executed simultaneously, or S1116 can be executed before or after S1115, which is not limited herein. Alternatively, S1115 can also be executed simultaneously with S1114.

[0213] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of changes of IP packets in the process of first-layer IFIT detection among NE1 to NE4 and nested second-layer IFIT detection between NE2 and NE3 is provided for the embodiments of the present application. As shown in Figure 12 Before NE1 starts the first-layer IFIT detection, the IP packet can include an ETH header, an IP header and a payload.

[0214] After NE1 starts the first-layer IFIT detection, in the process of transmission of the IP packet from NE1 to NE2, the IP packet can include an ETH header, an IP header, a GRE header, an IFIT identification layer, an IFIT header 1 and a payload. The IFIT identification layer includes a header nesting identifier (i.e. an IFIT header nesting identifier), and the value of the header nesting identifier is 1. The value of the header nesting identifier being 1 indicates that the number of IFIT headers is 1, and the first-layer IFIT detection is currently started.

[0215] During the first-layer IFIT detection, NE2 can start the second-layer IFIT detection. After NE2 starts the second-layer IFIT detection, in the process of transmission of the IP packet from NE2 to NE3, the IP packet can include an ETH header, an IP header, a GRE header, an IFIT identification layer, an IFIT header 1, an IFIT header 2 and a payload. The IFIT identification layer includes a header nesting identifier (i.e. an IFIT header nesting identifier), and the value of the header nesting identifier is 2. The value of the header nesting identifier being 2 indicates that the number of IFIT headers is 2, and two-layer nested IFIT detection is currently started.

[0216] NE3, as a network element ending the second-layer IFIT detection, can delete the IFIT header 2 in the IP packet and update the value of the header nesting identifier to 1. When the IP packet is transmitted out of the NE3, the IP packet returns to the format before the second-layer IFIT detection. The IP packet can include an ETH header, an IP header, a GRE header, an IFIT identifier layer, an IFIT header 1, and a payload when the IP packet is transmitted by the NE3 to the NE4. The IFIT identifier layer includes the header nesting identifier (i.e., the IFIT header nesting identifier), and the value of the header nesting identifier is 1.

[0217] NE4, as a network element ending the first-layer IFIT detection, can delete the GRE header, the IFIT identifier layer, and the IFIT header 1 in the IP packet. When the IP packet is transmitted out of the NE4, the IP packet returns to the format before the first-layer IFIT detection, including an ETH header, an IP header, and a payload.

[0218] As can be seen from the above example, the in-band network measurement method provided by the embodiments of the present application uses the newly added GRE header for feature marking, and does not have the problem of conflict between IFIT and other features. In addition, the in-band network measurement method can support multi-layer nested IFIT detection.

[0219] Optionally, in the embodiments of the present application, the network elements such as NE1, NE2, NE3, and NE4 can report the IFIT detection information to the data centralized computing unit for computing through a telemetry subscription mechanism.

[0220] The telemetry is a remote technology for collecting data at a high speed from physical devices or virtual devices. The devices actively upload interface traffic statistics, central processing unit (CPU) or memory data, and other information to the collector through a push mode periodically. Compared with the traditional pull mode one-question-one-answer interactive mode, the telemetry provides a more real-time and high-speed data collection function. The telemetry can flexibly collect data by subscribing to different sampling paths, can support more devices for IFIT management, and can obtain higher-precision detection data, thereby providing an important big data basis for fast positioning of network problems and optimization adjustment of network quality.

[0221] Compared with an out-of-band detection technology (such as a two-way active measurement protocol (TWAMP)) that indirectly simulates service data packets and periodically reports, the in-band network measurement method provided in the embodiments of the present application can reflect performance indexes such as a network delay, packet loss, and jitter in real time and truly, and actively perceive service faults. In addition, compared with existing in-band detection technologies (such as an IP flow performance monitor, in-band operation, administration and maintenance (IOAM), and the like), the in-band network measurement method provided in the embodiments of the present application can have better performance in aspects such as complexity of service deployment, efficiency of a forwarding plane, and scalability of a protocol.

[0222] Optionally, for a scenario in which nested IFIT detection is not implemented, a network element that starts IFIT detection can also only add a standard generic routing encapsulation (GRE) header and an IFIT header in an IP packet when starting IFIT detection, that is, the IP packet can not include the IFIT identification layer. This embodiment can solve a problem that IFIT may conflict with other features in a current native IP scenario.

[0223] For example, Figure 13 A composition diagram of an IP packet in a non-nested IFIT detection scenario provided in the embodiments of the present application is shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1, in the non-nested IFIT detection scenario, the IP packet can include an ETH header, an IP header, a GRE header, an IFIT header, and a payload. The GRE header can be used to indicate that the IP packet needs to be subjected to IFIT detection. Figure 13

[0224] Figure 14 A definition diagram of the IP header and the GRE header in the non-nested IFIT detection scenario provided in the embodiments of the present application is shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, when the GRE header and the IFIT header are added, a protocol field in the GRE header can be extended, and an IFIT identification is added in the protocol field in the GRE header. The IFIT identification is used to indicate that the GRE header is used to indicate that the IP packet needs to be subjected to IFIT detection. A protocol type field in the IP header can also indicate that a protocol type corresponding to the GRE header is a GRE protocol, such as "protocol type = GRE". The GRE header can also include fields such as C, R, K, S, a number of encapsulation layers of the GRE header, and version information. Figure 14

[0225] ​​On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, the embodiments of the present application further provide a packet for performing IFIT detection. The packet can be the IP packet described above.

[0226] In an implementation manner, the packet can include an ETH header, an IP header, a GRE header, an IFIT header, and a payload. The IFIT header is used for performing IFIT detection.

[0227] In another implementation manner, the packet can include an ETH header, an IP header, a GRE header, an IFIT identification layer, one or more layers of IFIT headers, and a payload. The IFIT identification layer includes an IFIT header nesting identification, and a value of the IFIT header nesting identification is the same as a number of layers of the IFIT header.

[0228] Corresponding to the method described in the foregoing embodiments, the embodiments of the present application further provide a data transmission system, which includes a first network device (such as NE1), a second network device (such as NE4), and a data processing device (such as a centralized computing unit) connected with each other. The first network device is configured to add a generic routing encapsulation header and a first in-band network measurement header in a first packet. The generic routing encapsulation header is used to indicate that the first packet needs to be subjected to in-band network measurement detection. The first network device is further configured to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the first in-band network measurement header, to obtain first detection information, and to send the first detection information to the data processing device. The second network device is configured to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the first in-band network measurement header when the first packet is transmitted from the first network device to the second network device, to obtain second detection information, and to send the second detection information to the data processing device. The data processing device is configured to determine a network measurement result between the first network device and the second network device according to the first detection information and the second detection information.

[0229] Optionally, the second network device is further configured to delete the added generic routing encapsulation header and the first in-band network measurement header in the first packet.

[0230] Optionally, the first network device is further configured to add an in-band network measurement identification layer in the first packet, and the in-band network measurement identification layer includes a first identification. The first identification is used to indicate a number of layers of in-band network measurement. The first network device is further configured to set a value of the first identification to 1.

[0231] Optionally, the data transmission system further includes: a third network device (e.g., NE2) and a fourth network device (e.g., NE3); the first network device is connected to the third network device, the third network device is connected to the fourth network device, and the fourth network device is connected to the second network device; a data processing device is connected to the third network device and the fourth network device respectively; a first message flows sequentially through the first network device, the third network device, the fourth network device, and the second network device; when the first message is transmitted from the first network device to the third network device, the third network device is used to add a second in-band network measurement head to the first message and update the first identifier according to the layer number of the second in-band network measurement head; the third network device is also used to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement head, obtain third detection information, and send the third detection information to the data processing device; when the first message is transmitted from the third network device to the fourth network device, the fourth network device is used to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement head, obtain fourth detection information, and send the fourth detection information to the data processing device; the data processing device is used to determine the network measurement result between the third network device and the fourth network device according to the third detection information and the fourth detection information.

[0232] Optionally, the fourth network device is also used to remove the second in-band network measurement header from the first message.

[0233] Optionally, the second network device is also used to remove the in-band network measurement identifier layer from the first message.

[0234] This application also provides an in-band network measurement device, which can be applied to the first network device described in the foregoing embodiments to implement the steps performed by the first network device in the methods described in the foregoing embodiments. The function of this device can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the steps performed by the first network device in the in-band network measurement method described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0235] For example, Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the in-band network measurement device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 15 As shown, the device includes a transceiver unit 1501 and a processing unit 1502. The processing unit 1502 is used to add a general routing encapsulation header and a first in-band network measurement header to the first message. The general routing encapsulation header indicates that the first message requires in-band network measurement detection. In-band network measurement detection is performed based on the first in-band network measurement header to obtain first detection information. The transceiver unit 1501 is used to send the first detection information to a data processing device.

[0236] The embodiment of the present application further provides an in-band network measurement device, which can be applied to the second network device in the foregoing embodiment, and is used for implementing the steps performed by the second network device in the method in the foregoing embodiment. The function of the device can be realized by hardware, or realized by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the steps performed by the second network device in the in-band network measurement method in the foregoing embodiment.

[0237] For example, Figure 16 Another structural schematic diagram of the in-band network measurement device provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 17. As shown in FIG. 17, the device includes: a transceiver unit 1701 and a processing unit 1702; the transceiver unit 1701 is configured to receive the first detection information and the second detection information; and the processing unit 1702 is configured to determine the network measurement result between the first network device and the second network device according to the first detection information and the second detection information. Figure 16

[0238] The embodiment of the present application further provides an in-band network measurement device, which can be applied to the data processing device in the foregoing embodiment, and is used for implementing the steps performed by the data processing device in the method in the foregoing embodiment. The function of the device can be realized by hardware, or realized by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the steps performed by the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method in the foregoing embodiment.

[0239] For example, Figure 17 Another structural schematic diagram of the in-band network measurement device provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 17. As shown in FIG. 17, the device includes: a transceiver unit 1701 and a processing unit 1702; the transceiver unit 1701 is configured to receive the first detection information and the second detection information; and the processing unit 1702 is configured to determine the network measurement result between the first network device and the second network device according to the first detection information and the second detection information. Figure 16

[0240] Similarly, the embodiment of the present application can also provide the in-band network measurement devices corresponding to the third network device and the fourth network device, and details are not described herein.

[0241] It should be understood that the division of the units (or modules) in the above device is only a logical function division, and all or part of the units can be integrated into one physical entity, or can be physically separated. The units in the device can all be realized in the form of software invoked by a processing element; or all be realized in the form of hardware; or part of the units are realized in the form of software invoked by a processing element, and part of the units are realized in the form of hardware.

[0242] ​​For example, each unit can be a separately established processing element, or can be integrated in a chip of the apparatus, or can be stored in a memory in the form of a program, and called and executed by a processing element of the apparatus. In addition, all or part of the units can be integrated together, or can be implemented independently. The processing element described herein can also be referred to as a processor, and can be an integrated circuit with a signal processing capability. In implementation, each step of the above method or each unit described above can be implemented by an integrated logic circuit of a hardware of the processing element, or in the form of a program called and executed by the processing element.

[0243] In one example, the units in the above apparatus can be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method, such as one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these forms of integrated circuits.

[0244] For another example, when the units in the apparatus can be implemented in the form of a program scheduled by a processing element, the processing element can be a general purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or other processor that can call a program. For another example, the units can be integrated together to be implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).

[0245] In one implementation, the units of the above apparatus implementing each corresponding step in the above method can be implemented in the form of a program scheduled by a processing element. For example, the in-band network measurement apparatus can include a processing element and a storage element, and the processing element calls a program stored in the storage element to execute the steps performed by the first network device, or the steps performed by the second network device, or the steps performed by the data processing device, in the in-band network measurement method described in the above method embodiments. The storage element can be a storage element on the same chip as the processing element, i.e., an on-chip storage element.

[0246] In another implementation, the program for performing the above method can be in a storage element that is different from the processing element, i.e., an off-chip storage element. At this time, the processing element calls or loads the program from the off-chip storage element to the on-chip storage element to invoke and execute the steps performed by the first network device in the in-band network measurement method described in the above method embodiments, or the steps performed by the second network device, or the steps performed by the data processing device.

[0247] The embodiments of the present application further provide an electronic device. The electronic device can be the terminal device of the first node described above. The electronic device comprises a processor, a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, and the processor is configured to execute the instructions so that the electronic device implements the steps performed by the first node in the file verification method described in the above method embodiments. The memory can be located in the electronic device or outside the electronic device. The processor comprises one or more.

[0248] The embodiments of the present application further provide an electronic device. The electronic device can be the first network device, or the second network device, or the data processing device described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect. The electronic device comprises a processor, a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, and the processor is configured to execute the instructions so that the electronic device implements the steps performed by the first network device, or the second network device, or the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method described in the above method embodiments. The memory can be located in the electronic device or outside the electronic device. The processor comprises one or more.

[0249] In yet another implementation, the unit for implementing each step in the above method of the electronic device can be configured as one or more processing elements. The processing element can be an integrated circuit, such as one or more ASICs, or one or more DSPs, or one or more FPGAs, or a combination of these integrated circuits. These integrated circuits can be integrated together to form a chip.

[0250] For example, the embodiments of the present application further provide a chip, which can be applied to the electronic device described above. The chip comprises one or more interface circuits and one or more processors; the interface circuits and the processors are interconnected through lines; the processor receives and executes computer instructions from the memory of the electronic device through the interface circuit to implement the steps performed by the first network device, or the second network device, or the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method described in the above method embodiments.

[0251] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, only the division of the above functional modules is exemplified, and in actual application, the above functions can be completed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0252] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.

[0253] The integrated unit, if realized in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a readable storage medium.

[0254] Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application essentially or say the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solutions can be embodied in the form of a software product, such as a program. The software product is stored in a program product, such as a computer readable storage medium, and includes a plurality of instructions for causing an apparatus (which can be a single-chip microcomputer, a chip, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and various media that can store program codes.

[0255] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When software is involved in the specific implementation, it can be embodied, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., SSD), etc.

[0256] For example, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program instructions thereon; when the computer program instructions are executed by an electronic device, the electronic device performs the steps executed by the first network device, or the second network device, or the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method described in the above method embodiments.

[0257] For example, embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, including: computer-readable code, or a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium carrying computer-readable code. When the computer-readable code is run in an electronic device, the processor in the electronic device implements the steps executed by the first network device, or the steps executed by the second network device, or the steps executed by the data processing device in the in-band network measurement method described in the above method embodiments.

[0258] Optionally, the embodiment of the present application further provides a network device, which can include a processor, a memory coupled with the processor, and a transceiver. The processor can be a central processing processor (CPU) or a network processor (NP), or a combination of the CPU and the NP. The processor can further include a hardware chip, which can be an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The PLD can be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof. The processor can refer to one processor, or can include multiple processors. The memory can include a volatile memory, such as a random access memory (RAM); the memory can also include a non-volatile memory, such as a ROM, a flash memory, a hard disk drive (HDD), or a solid state drive (SSD); the memory can further include a combination of the above-mentioned memories. The memory can refer to one memory, or can include multiple memories.

[0259] In an implementation, the memory stores computer-readable instructions, which can include a plurality of software modules, such as a processing module, a transceiving module. The processor can perform operations according to the instructions of the software modules after executing the software modules. In the embodiment of the present application, the operation performed by one software module actually refers to the operation performed by the processor according to the instructions of the software module.

[0260] The network device can be the first network device, or the second network device, or the third network device, or the fourth network device. The processor can perform the computer-readable instructions in the memory, and can perform the steps performed by the first network device, or the steps performed by the second network device, or the steps performed by the third network device, or the steps performed by the fourth network device, according to the instructions of the computer-readable instructions.

[0261] Optionally, the embodiments of the present application further provide a data processing device, and the composition of the data processing device can refer to the network device described above. After a processor in the data processing device executes computer readable instructions in a memory, the processor can execute steps performed by the data processing device as described in the above method embodiments according to the instructions of the computer readable instructions.

[0262] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any change or replacement within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An in-band network measurement method, characterized by, The method comprises: The first network device adds a generic routing encapsulation header, a first in-band network measurement header and an in-band network measurement identification layer in a first message; the generic routing encapsulation header is used to indicate that the first message needs to be detected by in-band network measurement; the in-band network measurement identification layer comprises a first identification, and the first identification is used to indicate a number of nested in-band network measurement layers; the first network device sets a value of the first identification as 1; The first network device performs in-band network measurement detection according to the first in-band network measurement header to obtain first detection information; The first network device sends the first detection information to a data processing device; After the first message is transmitted by the first network device to a second network device, the second network device performs in-band network measurement detection according to the first in-band network measurement header to obtain second detection information; The second network device sends the second detection information to the data processing device; The data processing device determines a network measurement result between the first network device and the second network device according to the first detection information and the second detection information.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: The second network device deletes the added generic routing encapsulation header and the first in-band network measurement header in the first message.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first message sequentially flows through the first network device, a third network device, a fourth network device and the second network device; The method further comprises: After the first message is transmitted by the first network device to the third network device, the third network device adds a second in-band network measurement header in the first message, and updates the first identification according to a number of layers of the second in-band network measurement header; The third network device performs in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header to obtain third detection information; The third network device sends the third detection information to the data processing device; After the first message is transmitted by the third network device to the fourth network device, the fourth network device performs in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header to obtain fourth detection information; The fourth network device sends the fourth detection information to the data processing device; The data processing device determines a network measurement result between the third network device and the fourth network device according to the third detection information and the fourth detection information.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The method further comprises: The fourth network device deletes the second in-band network measurement header in the first message, and updates the first identification according to the number of layers of the second in-band network measurement header.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The method further comprises: The second network device deletes the in-band network measurement identification layer in the first message.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The in-band network measurement identification layer further comprises a first field, and the first field is used to identify a length of the first in-band network measurement header.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The in-band network measurement identification layer further comprises a reserved field.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The first network device adds a generic routing encapsulation header in a first message, comprising: The first network device adds a generic routing encapsulation header in a first message, and extends a protocol field in the generic routing encapsulation header, and adds a second identifier in the protocol field, where the second identifier is used to indicate that the generic routing encapsulation header is used to indicate that the first message needs to be detected for in-band network measurement.

9. A data transmission system, characterized by Comprise: a first network device, a second network device, and a data processing device connected with each other; The first network device is configured to add a generic routing encapsulation header, a first in-band network measurement header, and an in-band network measurement identifier layer in a first message, where the generic routing encapsulation header is used to indicate that the first message needs to be detected for in-band network measurement, the in-band network measurement identifier layer comprises a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate a number of layers of nested in-band network measurement; the first network device sets a value of the first identifier to 1; the first network device performs in-band network measurement detection according to the first in-band network measurement header, obtains first detection information, and sends the first detection information to the data processing device; When the first message is transmitted from the first network device to the second network device, the second network device is configured to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the first in-band network measurement header, obtain second detection information, and send the second detection information to the data processing device; The data processing device is configured to determine a network measurement result between the first network device and the second network device according to the first detection information and the second detection information.

10. The data transmission system of claim 9, wherein, The second network device is further configured to delete the added generic routing encapsulation header and the first in-band network measurement header in the first message.

11. The data transmission system of claim 9, wherein, Further comprise: a third network device and a fourth network device; the first network device is connected with the third network device, the third network device is connected with the fourth network device, the fourth network device is connected with the second network device, and the data processing device is connected with the third network device and the fourth network device respectively; The first message flows through the first network device, the third network device, the fourth network device, and the second network device in sequence; When the first message is transmitted from the first network device to the third network device, the third network device is configured to add a second in-band network measurement header in the first message, and update the first identifier according to a number of layers of the second in-band network measurement header; The third network device is further configured to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header, obtain third detection information, and send the third detection information to the data processing device; When the first message is transmitted from the third network device to the fourth network device, the fourth network device is configured to perform in-band network measurement detection according to the second in-band network measurement header, obtain fourth detection information, and send the fourth detection information to the data processing device; The data processing device is configured to determine a network measurement result between the third network device and the fourth network device according to the third detection information and the fourth detection information.

12. The data transmission system of claim 11, wherein, The fourth network device is further configured to delete the second in-band network measurement header in the first packet.

13. The data transmission system according to any of claims 9-12, characterized in that, The second network device is further configured to delete the in-band network measurement identification layer in the first packet.

14. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device includes a memory and a processor; the memory and the processor are coupled; the memory is configured to store computer program code, the computer program code includes computer instructions; when the processor executes the computer instructions, the electronic device executes the in-band network measurement method in any one of claims 1-8.

15. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer program product includes computer instructions, when the computer instructions run on the electronic device, make the electronic device execute the in-band network measurement method in any one of claims 1-8.

16. A computer program product, characterised in that, The computer readable code, or the non-volatile computer readable storage medium carrying the computer readable code, when the computer readable code runs in the electronic device, makes the electronic device execute the in-band network measurement method in any one of claims 1-8.

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