A beamforming method and circuit

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology and relates to a beamforming method and circuit, comprising an input port, four output ports, and a beamforming network located between the input port and the output port; the beamforming network comprises a primary power divider and a secondary power divider, the output port of the primary power divider being connected to the input port of the secondary power divider, and the beamforming network is used to adjust the beam through the primary power divider and / or the secondary power divider. The present invention uses a reconfigurable filter power divider to construct a beamforming network, which achieves continuous adjustment of the phase and amplitude distribution of the output signal of each port while forming an effective bandpass filter response. The operating frequency of the network can also be continuously adjusted, and has extremely high degrees of freedom and reconfiguration capabilities, eliminating the need for additional phase shifters and attenuators. The circuit area is small, and network status is controlled by a varactor diode. The entire network is a passive structure with no power consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communications, relates to beamforming technology, and particularly relates to a beamforming method and circuit. Background Art

[0002] An antenna is a device used to transmit or receive radio waves. In engineering, an antenna is the medium between the movement of electrons within a conductor in space and the propagating radio waves. During transmission, the transmitter applies an electric current to the antenna. The applied time-varying voltage or current generates a radiated electromagnetic field, converting the current's energy into radio waves. During reception, the antenna generates a time-varying current within the antenna due to the induction of the electric field, and a time-varying voltage at its terminals. The generated electrical signal, after processing, can be observed or heard by the receiver. Antennas are widely used in communication systems such as broadcasting, point-to-point radio communications, radar, and space exploration. Antennas are essential components in radio communication systems.

[0003] In modern antenna array systems, the radiation beam is usually required to have a flexibly changeable radiation direction and beam shape in order to achieve higher communication efficiency and quality, and the beamforming network is the key module for achieving flexible beam control. Specifically, to achieve continuous changes in the radiation direction of the antenna array radiation beam, the beamforming network is required to have the ability to continuously adjust the output port step phase difference, and to achieve changes in the shape of the antenna array radiation beam, the beamforming network is required to have the ability to adjust the output port amplitude distribution. Traditional beamforming networks mostly use network design schemes based on Butler matrix or Nolen matrix, which have disadvantages such as limited phase state and lack of amplitude adjustment function. To solve this problem, researchers have proposed some beamforming networks with new architectures, which simultaneously achieve continuous phase adjustment and amplitude adjustment. However, because a large number of phase shifters are required, these beamforming networks still have disadvantages such as complex structure, large circuit size, and high cost. Bandpass filters are also a crucial component frequently used in communication systems. They can filter out out-of-band signal interference, effectively increasing the system's anti-interference capability and stability. Using frequency-reconfigurable bandpass filters can further increase system flexibility and applicability. However, developing a beamforming network that can simultaneously integrate reconfigurable bandpass filtering functionality, continuous output phase adjustment, and output amplitude control remains a major challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a beamforming method and circuit.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A beamforming circuit is provided, comprising:

[0007] An input port, four output ports, and a wave shaping network located between the input port and the output ports;

[0008] The beamforming network comprises a primary power splitter and a secondary power splitter, the output port of the primary power splitter is connected to the input port of the secondary power splitter, and the beamforming network is used to perform beam adjustment through the primary power splitter and / or the secondary power splitter.

[0009] Preferably, the beamforming network has two secondary power splitters, namely a first power splitter and a second power splitter;

[0010] Preferably, the physical structures of the two secondary power splitters are identical. The primary power splitter is a Wilkinson power splitter, wherein the two output ports of the Wilkinson power splitter are cascaded with the input port of the first power splitter and the input port of the second power splitter, respectively. The two output ends of the first power splitter are the second port and the third port, and the two output ends of the second power splitter are the fourth port and the fifth port.

[0011] Preferably, the first power divider / the second power divider has four identical resonators with a frequency modulation module inside, the frequency modulation module is used to adjust the resonant frequency, and the four resonators are respectively a first resonator, a second resonator, a third resonator and a fourth resonator distributed in a rotationally axially symmetrical structure;

[0012] Two adjacent resonators are connected via an internal coupling module, and the internal coupling module is used to adjust the coupling strength between adjacent resonators;

[0013] The output port of the Wilkinson power divider is connected to the input port of the first resonator through an external coupling module, and the second resonator / the third resonator is connected to the second port / the third port through the external coupling module. The external coupling module is used to adjust the external coupling strength at the port;

[0014] The first resonator has a tapered tap at its center, which is connected to the first port via an external coupling module. The second resonator / the third resonator has a tapered tap at its center, which is connected to the second port / the third port via an external coupling module. The fourth resonator has a tap at its center, which is grounded via a varactor diode, a fixed capacitor, and a fixed resistor, respectively. The external coupling module is used to adjust the external coupling strength at the first port / the second port / the third port.

[0015] A phase modulation module is loaded on the feed line of the input port of the first resonator, and a phase modulation module is loaded on the feed line of the second port / third port. The phase modulation module is used to adjust the phase of the signal.

[0016] Preferably, the frequency modulation module has two varactor diodes, the cathodes of the two varactor diodes are commonly connected to the frequency modulation port, and the frequency modulation port is used to receive an external bias voltage to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonator;

[0017] The first resonator, the second resonator, the third resonator and the fourth resonator respectively have a first frequency modulation module, a second frequency modulation module, a third frequency modulation module and a fourth frequency modulation module with the same physical structure.

[0018] Preferably, the coupling module has two varactor diodes, the cathodes of the two varactor diodes are commonly connected to the coupling control port, the anodes of the two varactor diodes are respectively connected to adjacent resonators, and the coupling control port is used to receive an external bias voltage to adjust the coupling strength between adjacent resonators.

[0019] Preferably, the phase modulation module comprises a varactor diode and a fixed capacitor connected to the ground, and a grounding inductor, and the cathode of the varactor diode is connected to the phase modulation port.

[0020] Preferably, the external coupling module has a varactor diode and a fixed-value capacitor, and the cathode of the varactor diode is connected to the external coupling control port.

[0021] A beamforming method, comprising the beamforming circuit described above,

[0022] The resonant frequency of the resonator is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each frequency modulation port, the coupling strength between adjacent resonators is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each coupling control port, the coupling strength at the port is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each external coupling control port, and the phase of the signal is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each phase modulation port.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] First, the present invention uses a new reconfigurable filter power divider to build a beamforming network, which can achieve continuous adjustment of the phase and amplitude distribution of the output signal of each port while forming an effective bandpass filtering response. At the same time, the operating frequency of the network can also be continuously adjusted, with extremely high degrees of freedom and reconfiguration capabilities.

[0025] Second, the present invention integrates all the above functions into one by utilizing resonant coupling technology and non-resonant phase shifting technology, eliminating the need for additional phase shifters and attenuators in traditional beamforming networks. It has the advantages of simple structure and small circuit area.

[0026] Third, the present invention controls the network status through varactor diodes, and the entire network is a passive structure with no power consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the overall circuit structure of a beamforming network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the overall circuit structure of a reconfigurable filter power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the overall circuit dimensions of a reconfigurable filter power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the overall circuit dimensions of a Wilkinson power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 Figure 1 shows the S-parameter simulation and output step phase difference test results of the present invention when the output power ratio is 1:1:1:1. Figure (a) shows the test result at an operating frequency of 1.01 GHz, and Figure (b) shows the test result at an operating frequency of 1.1 GHz.

[0032] Figure 6 Figure 1 shows the S-parameter simulation and output step phase difference test results of the present invention when the output power ratio is 1:3:3:1. Figure (a) shows the test result at an operating frequency of 1.01 GHz, and Figure (b) shows the test result at an operating frequency of 1.1 GHz.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a physical diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] The following is an introduction to the terms involved in the embodiments of this application:

[0036] Power splitter: A device that splits an input signal into two or more outputs; the energies of the multiple outputs can be equal or unequal.

[0037] Beamforming (BF): A signal preprocessing technology based on antenna arrays. Beamforming generates a directional beam by adjusting the weighting coefficients of each element in the antenna array, thereby achieving significant array gain.

[0038] External bias: External bias voltage.

[0039] Feeder: A feeder can be understood as a "line for transmitting electricity" or "power supply line." It has two main uses: 1. Transmitting electrical energy; 2. Transmitting electrical signals.

[0040] Rotational axis symmetric structure: The four resonators are symmetrical with each other, and the four resonators can reach the position of the adjacent resonator after rotating around a certain point.

[0041] Tapered gradient tap: The cross section of the tap changes gradually. When viewed from the axial direction of the tap, the cross section of the tap gradually increases and then remains unchanged, and the appearance is similar to a cone.

[0042] See also Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, the specific embodiments provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] A beamforming circuit comprising:

[0045] An input port, two output ports, and a wave shaping network located between the input port and the output ports;

[0046] The beamforming network comprises a primary power splitter and a secondary power splitter, the output port of the primary power splitter is connected to the input port of the secondary power splitter, and the beamforming network is used to perform beam adjustment through the primary power splitter and / or the secondary power splitter.

[0047] Specifically, the beamforming network has two secondary power splitters, namely a first power splitter and a second power splitter;

[0048] Specifically, the physical structures of the two secondary power dividers are exactly the same.

[0049] Among them, the first-level power divider is a Wilkinson power divider, the two output ports of the Wilkinson power divider are cascaded with the input port of the first power divider and the input port of the first power divider respectively, the two output ends of the first power divider are the second port and the third port, and the two output ends of the second power divider are the fourth port and the fifth port.

[0050] The first power divider / the second power divider has four identical resonators with a frequency modulation module inside, the frequency modulation module is used to adjust the resonant frequency, and the four resonators are respectively a first resonator, a second resonator, a third resonator and a fourth resonator distributed in a rotationally axially symmetrical structure;

[0051] Two adjacent resonators are connected via an internal coupling module, and the internal coupling module is used to adjust the coupling strength between adjacent resonators;

[0052] The output port of the Wilkinson power divider is connected to the input port of the first resonator through an external coupling module, and the second resonator / the third resonator is connected to the second port / the third port through the external coupling module. The external coupling module is used to adjust the external coupling strength at the port;

[0053] The first resonator has a tapered tap at its center, which is connected to the first port via an external coupling module. The second resonator / the third resonator has a tapered tap at its center, which is connected to the second port / the third port via an external coupling module. The fourth resonator has a tap at its center, which is grounded via a varactor diode, a fixed capacitor, and a fixed resistor, respectively. The external coupling module is used to adjust the external coupling strength at the first port / the second port / the third port.

[0054] A phase modulation module is loaded on the feed line of the input port of the first resonator, and a phase modulation module is loaded on the feed line of the second port / third port. The phase modulation module is used to adjust the phase of the signal.

[0055] This application proposes a beamforming network that integrates reconfigurable filtering, phase control, and amplitude control functions, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the beamforming network consists of a standard Wilkinson power splitter in the front stage and two reconfigurable filter power splitters in the back stage. The two reconfigurable filter power splitters in the back stage have identical physical structures. The two output ports of the Wilkinson power splitter in the front stage are directly cascaded with the input ports of the two reconfigurable filter power splitters in the back stage. The beamforming network as a whole has one input port (the first port) and four output ports (the second port, the third port, the fourth port, and the fifth port).

[0056] The structure of reconfigurable filter power divider is as follows Figure 2As shown, it is mainly composed of four identical closed planar microstrip resonators. The planar microstrip resonator is an axisymmetric structure. At the same time, the four resonators are distributed in a rotationally symmetrical manner, with a certain gap between adjacent resonators to form an electromagnetic coupling effect between the resonators. Resonator 1 is loaded with a pair of varactor diodes CV11 and CV12 connected back to back, whose cathodes are commonly connected to the same pad and are controlled by the same external bias voltage to adjust the resonant frequency of resonator 1; resonator 2 is loaded with a pair of varactor diodes CV21 and CV22 connected back to back, whose cathodes are commonly connected to the same pad and are controlled by the same external bias voltage to adjust the resonant frequency of resonator 2; resonator 3 is loaded with a pair of varactor diodes CV31 and CV32 connected back to back, whose cathodes are commonly connected to the same pad and are controlled by the same external bias voltage to adjust the resonant frequency of resonator 3; resonator 4 is loaded with a pair of varactor diodes CV41 and CV42 connected back to back, whose cathodes are commonly connected to the same pad and are controlled by the same external bias voltage to adjust the resonant frequency of resonator 4.

[0057] A pair of varactor diodes CV121 and CV122 connected back-to-back are loaded between resonator 1 and resonator 2, with their cathodes connected to the same pad and controlled by the same external bias voltage to adjust the coupling strength between resonator 1 and resonator 2; a pair of varactor diodes CV131 and CV132 connected back-to-back are loaded between resonator 1 and resonator 3, with their cathodes connected to the same pad and controlled by the same external bias voltage to adjust the coupling strength between resonator 1 and resonator 3; a pair of varactor diodes CV241 and CV242 connected back-to-back are loaded between resonator 2 and resonator 4, with their cathodes connected to the same pad and controlled by the same external bias voltage to adjust the coupling strength between resonator 2 and resonator 4; a pair of varactor diodes CV341 and CV342 connected back-to-back are loaded between resonator 3 and resonator 4, with their cathodes connected to the same pad and controlled by the same external bias voltage to adjust the coupling strength between resonator 3 and resonator 4.

[0058] Resonator 1 has a tapered tap at its center, connected to the input port's feeder line via a varactor diode Ce1 and a fixed-value capacitor CF1. The fixed-value capacitor CF1 blocks DC, while the varactor diode Ce1 adjusts the external coupling strength at the input port. The input port's feeder line is loaded with a ground-connected varactor diode CN1, a fixed-value capacitor CF5, and a grounded inductor LN1. The varactor CN1, fixed-value capacitor CF5, and grounded inductor LN1 together form a parallel grounded branch, which creates a non-resonant node for adjusting the phase of the overall output signal. Resonator 2 has a tapered tap at its center, connected to the output port's feeder line via a varactor diode Ce2 and a fixed-value capacitor CF2. The fixed-value capacitor CF2 blocks DC, while the varactor diode Ce2 adjusts the external coupling strength at output port 1. The output port's feeder line is loaded with a ground-connected varactor diode CN2, a fixed-value capacitor CF6, and a grounded inductor LN2. The varactor CN2, fixed-value capacitor CF6, and grounded inductor LN2 together form a parallel-connected ground branch, which serves to form a non-resonant node for adjusting the signal phase at output port 1. Resonator 3 has a tapered tap at its center, connected to the feeder line of output port 2 via a varactor diode Ce3 and a fixed-value capacitor CF3. The fixed-value capacitor CF3 is used to block DC, and the varactor diode Ce3 is used to adjust the external coupling strength at output port 2. The feeder line of output port 2 is loaded with a ground-connected varactor diode CN3, a fixed-value capacitor CF7, and a grounded inductor LN3. The varactor CN3, fixed-value capacitor CF7, and grounded inductor LN3 together form a parallel-connected ground branch, which serves to form a non-resonant node for adjusting the signal phase at output port 2. Resonator 4 has a tap at its center, connected to ground via a varactor diode Ce4, a fixed-value capacitor CF4, and a fixed-value resistor R1.

[0059] When the beamforming network operates normally, it can form an effective bandpass filtering effect on each output path; by reasonably adjusting the resonant frequency of each resonator, the external coupling coefficient at each port, and the equivalent admittance of each non-resonant unit, the continuous adjustment of the step phase difference between the four output ports can be achieved; by changing the coupling coefficient between adjacent resonators, the output signal power ratio of the four output ports can be flexibly adjusted, ultimately forming a highly reconfigurable network in which the operating frequency, output phase, and output amplitude can all be flexibly adjusted.

[0060] Example 2:

[0061] In one embodiment, the present application is designed using a planar microstrip structure and processed using standard printed circuit board technology. The selected substrate material is Rogers 6010 with a thickness of 1.27 mm. Diodes Ce1, Ce2, Ce3, and Ce4 are MACOM MA46H201 varactor diodes. All other diodes, namely diodes CV11, CV12, CV21, CV22, CV31, CV32, CV41, CV42, CV121, CV122, CV131, CV132, CV241, CV242, CV341, CV342, CN1, CN2, and CN3, are MACOM MA46H202 varactor diodes. Fixed-value capacitors are 0402 package-type fixed-value chip capacitors. The resistors in the preceding Wilkinson power divider are 100-ohm chip resistors with 0402 package-type. The resistors in the post-stage reconfigurable filter power divider are 50 ohm chip resistors with package size 0402.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present invention, the bias state of all varactor diodes is controlled by an external bias voltage. By adjusting the magnitude of the external bias voltage, the capacitance value of the varactor diode can be changed, thereby achieving the adjustment of the non-resonant node admittance, the resonant frequency of the resonator, the external coupling strength, and the resonator coupling strength, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the operating frequency, output phase, and output power distribution of the beamforming network. Specifically, the varactors CV11, CV12, CV21, CV22, CV31, CV32, CV41, and CV42 are used to control the operating frequency of the beamforming network. CV121, CV122, CV131, CV132, CV241, CV242, CV341, and CV342 are used to control the coupling strength between resonators. Ce1, Ce2, and Ce3 are used to control the matching of the input and output ports. CN1, CN2, and CN3 are used to change the equivalent admittance of each non-resonant node.

[0063] like Figure 3-Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the optimal circuit size parameters obtained after simulation optimization design are: l1=10mm, l2=7mm, l3=3.4mm, l4=27mm, l5=8mm, w1=2.5mm, w2=1mm, w3=0.49mm, wf=1.17mm, S1=0.6mm, S2=0.5mm.

[0064] like Figure 5-Figure 6As shown in the figure, the S parameters and output step phase difference test results of this application are displayed. It can be seen that the operating frequency of the proposed beamforming network can be continuously adjusted from 1.01GHz to 1.1GHz. Within this frequency range, the four output ports of the network have formed an effective bandpass filtering effect. At the same time, the step phase difference between each output port can be continuously adjusted in the range of 0°-360°, and the output power ratio of each output port can also be continuously adjusted. The above results verify the correctness and superiority of this application. Figure 7 The figure shown is a physical diagram of the present application.

[0065] Example 3:

[0066] A beamforming method, comprising the beamforming circuit described above,

[0067] The resonant frequency of the resonator is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each frequency modulation port. The coupling strength between adjacent resonators is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each coupling control port, that is, the output amplitude of the four output ports is adjusted. The coupling strength at the port is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each external coupling control port. The phase of the signal is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each phase modulation port. When the beamforming network is operating normally, it can form an effective bandpass filtering effect on each output path. By properly adjusting the resonant frequency of each resonator, the external coupling coefficient at each port, and the equivalent admittance of each non-resonant unit, the step phase difference between the four output ports can be continuously adjusted. By changing the coupling coefficient between adjacent resonators, the output signal power ratio of the four output ports can be flexibly adjusted, ultimately forming a highly reconfigurable network with flexible adjustment of operating frequency, output phase, and output amplitude.

[0068] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it needs to be understood that terms such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "center", "top", "bottom", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "inside", and "outside" indicate directions or positional relationships.

[0069] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connected," and "assembled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific circumstances.

[0070] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0071] In describing the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that "-" and "~" represent a range between two values, and the range includes the endpoints. For example, "AB" represents a range greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B. "A~B" represents a range greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B.

[0072] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the term "and / or" herein is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " herein generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A beamforming circuit, characterized in that: include, an input port, four output ports, and a beamforming network located between the input port and the output ports; The beamforming network comprises a primary power splitter and a secondary power splitter, wherein the output port of the primary power splitter is connected to the input port of the secondary power splitter, and the beamforming network is used to perform beam adjustment through the primary power splitter and / or the secondary power splitter; The secondary power splitter comprises a closed loop formed by a plurality of resonators, wherein two adjacent resonators are connected by an internal coupling module, and the internal coupling module is used to adjust the coupling strength between adjacent resonators; The beamforming network has two secondary power dividers with identical physical structures, namely the first power divider and the second power divider. Wherein, the first-level power divider is a Wilkinson power divider, the two output ports of the Wilkinson power divider are cascaded with the input port of the first power divider and the input port of the second power divider respectively, the two output ends of the first power divider are the second port and the third port, and the two output ends of the second power divider are the fourth port and the fifth port; The first power divider / the second power divider has four identical resonators with a frequency modulation module inside, and the frequency modulation module is used to adjust the resonant frequency. The four resonators are the first resonator, the second resonator, the third resonator and the fourth resonator distributed in a rotationally axially symmetrical structure.

2. The beamforming circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output port of the Wilkinson power divider is connected to the input port of the first resonator through an external coupling module, and the second resonator / third resonator is connected to the second port / third port through the external coupling module. The external coupling module is used to adjust the external coupling strength at the port.

3. The beamforming circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first resonator has a tapered tap at its center, which is connected to the first port via an external coupling module. The second resonator / the third resonator has a tapered tap at its center, which is connected to the second port / the third port via an external coupling module. The fourth resonator has a tap at its center, which is grounded via a varactor diode, a fixed capacitor, and a fixed resistor, respectively. The external coupling module is used to adjust the external coupling strength at the first port / the second port / the third port.

4. The beamforming circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: A phase modulation module is loaded on the feed line of the input port of the first resonator, and a phase modulation module is loaded on the feed line of the second port / third port. The phase modulation module is used to adjust the phase of the signal.

5. The beamforming circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The frequency modulation module has two varactor diodes, the cathodes of the two varactor diodes are commonly connected to the frequency modulation port, and the frequency modulation port is used to receive an external bias voltage to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonator; The first resonator, the second resonator, the third resonator and the fourth resonator respectively have a first frequency modulation module, a second frequency modulation module, a third frequency modulation module and a fourth frequency modulation module with the same physical structure.

6. The beamforming circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The coupling module has two varactor diodes, the cathodes of the two varactor diodes are commonly connected to the coupling control port, the anodes of the two varactor diodes are respectively connected to adjacent resonators, and the coupling control port is used to receive an external bias voltage to adjust the coupling strength between adjacent resonators.

7. The beamforming circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The phase modulation module comprises a varactor diode and a fixed capacitor connected to the ground, and a grounding inductor. The cathode of the varactor diode is connected to the phase modulation port.

8. The beamforming circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The external coupling module comprises a variable capacitance diode and a fixed-value capacitor, and the cathode of the variable capacitance diode is connected to the external coupling control port.

9. A beamforming method, characterized in that: comprising a beamforming circuit as claimed in claim 8, The resonant frequency of the resonator is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each frequency modulation port, the coupling strength between adjacent resonators is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each coupling control port, the coupling strength at the port is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each external coupling control port, and the phase of the signal is adjusted by adjusting the external bias voltage received by each phase modulation port.

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