In-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system and method applicable to long-axis workpieces

Abstract

The present invention discloses an in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system and method applicable to long shaft workpieces, belonging to the field of machining equipment. It includes a machine tool and a tool rest arranged on the machine tool. An in-machine tracking measurement mechanism is arranged corresponding to the tool on the tool rest, and a controller, a first-direction displacement mechanism, and a second-direction displacement mechanism are correspondingly arranged. By electrically connecting the controller with the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism and the two displacement mechanisms respectively, real-time measurement of the measurement results during the finish machining of shaft workpieces can be achieved, and the controller adaptively controls the movement of the two displacement mechanisms according to the measurement results to complete the adaptive feed and retraction control of the tool. The adaptive machining system in the present invention has a simple structure, convenient control, and high automation degree. It can ensure the machining accuracy of shaft workpieces, improve the machining efficiency and yield rate of shaft workpieces, especially long shafts and large-size workpieces, reduce the machining cost and application cost of long shaft workpieces, and has good practical value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of processing equipment, and particularly relates to an in-machine tracking measurement adaptive processing system and method applicable to long-axis workpieces. Background Art

[0002] In the field of processing technology, there are often processing requirements for long-axis parts, such as the processing of a dummy bar. In order to ensure the accuracy of long-axis parts after processing, it is often necessary to measure the dimensions of the processed parts of the parts to ensure that the processing of the parts meets the expectations. However, the above measurement process is usually carried out after processing and it is difficult to obtain it in real time during processing, resulting in a serious lag in the feedback of the dimensional accuracy of part processing, which is not conducive to the precise processing requirements of long-axis parts. Therefore, how to achieve in-machine tracking measurement during the processing of long-axis parts has become a key concern for operators.

[0003] In addition, since the diameter of long-axis parts is often large and the rigidity of the parts is good, it is difficult to process them by means of a follower rest. Due to the change of force during processing, the change of the moment of force at the clamping point is different, making it difficult to ensure the processing dimensions. Therefore, in actual processing, in order to achieve real-time measurement at the processing site, the common practice is to arrange two operators at the processing position, one responsible for operating the machine tool and the other responsible for manual measurement on the opposite side. Then, the processing accuracy of the machine tool is adjusted according to the measurement results of the workers, so as to ensure the processing accuracy. Although the above method can meet the processing requirements of long-axis parts to a certain extent, there are also obvious limitations. It not only increases the labor cost of part processing, but also may have certain safety hazards, and the processing accuracy is highly related to the operation level of the operator, and the control difficulty is large, which is not conducive to the batch precise processing of long-axis parts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of one or more of the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides an in-machine tracking measurement adaptive processing system and method applicable to long-axis workpieces, which can realize real-time in-machine measurement of the dimensions of parts after processing during the processing of parts, and control the advancement and retraction of the tool in real time according to the feedback of the measurement results, so as to ensure the accuracy of the dimensions of each part of the long-axis part in the axial direction and improve the processing accuracy and efficiency of the long-axis part.

[0005] To achieve the above object, in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an in-machine tracking measurement adaptive processing system applicable to long-axis workpieces, including a machine tool having a machine body and a frame; on the frame, a first fixture and a second fixture for clamping both ends of the shaft workpiece are oppositely arranged, and a tool rest for installing a tool is arranged on the frame;

[0006] It further includes an in-machine tracking measurement mechanism and a controller;

[0007] There are two mounting grooves provided on the tool rest at intervals in the workpiece processing direction, for arranging the tool and the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism before and after in this workpiece processing direction;

[0008] The in-machine tracking measurement mechanism includes a measuring frame and a sliding mounting block; at both ends of the measuring frame, a butting column and a measuring unit are arranged coaxially and oppositely; the butting column can butt against the outer side of the machined shaft workpiece with its end during work and serve as the zeroing reference for the measuring unit; the measuring unit is electrically connected to the controller and is used for transmitting the measurement result to the controller in real time;

[0009] One end of the sliding mounting block is connected to the end of the measuring frame where the butting column is arranged, and the other end can be slidably embedded in the mounting groove on the tool rest; and a elastic member is correspondingly arranged in the mounting groove for the sliding mounting block, so that after the sliding mounting block is embedded and installed, the elastic member always exerts a force pointing to the shaft workpiece and presses the butting column tightly against the outer side of the shaft workpiece, and makes the butting column and the telescopic measuring rod of the measuring unit respectively butt against the same radial two sides of the machined shaft workpiece; and

[0010] A first-direction displacement mechanism and a second-direction displacement mechanism are respectively arranged on the machine tool corresponding to the tool rest. The former is installed on the machine frame and is used for driving the tool rest to reciprocate in the workpiece processing direction, and the latter is arranged on the first-direction displacement mechanism and is used for driving the tool rest to reciprocate in the radial direction of the workpiece to realize feed and retract control; the two displacement mechanisms are respectively electrically connected to the controller, so that the controller can control the corresponding work of the two displacement mechanisms in real time after receiving the measurement result.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the elastic member is a spring arranged in the mounting groove;

[0012] and / or

[0013] The measuring unit is a dial indicator with a telescopic measuring rod.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the measuring frame is of an arc-shaped, semi-circular or U-shaped structure;

[0015] and / or

[0016] A limiting pin protrudes in the mounting groove, and a limiting sliding groove is opened on the sliding mounting block;

[0017] The limiting pin is embedded in the limiting sliding groove for limiting the sliding of the sliding mounting block.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the two mounting grooves are respectively arranged on both sides of the tool rest along the workpiece processing direction; and

[0019] A fixed cover plate is provided corresponding to the installation of the sliding mounting block in the installation groove, and it is connected to the opening side of the installation groove for limiting and mounting the sliding mounting block in the installation groove.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the abutting post and / or the telescopic measuring rod of the measuring unit have multiple length specifications to choose from;

[0021] and / or

[0022] The end of the abutting post abutting against the shaft workpiece is set in a round head form;

[0023] and / or

[0024] The axis of the installation groove intersects and is perpendicular to the axes of the two jigs.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, the first-direction displacement mechanism includes a screw rod and a first motor;

[0026] One end of the screw rod matches the output end of the first motor and can rotate around the axis under the drive of the first motor; a slider slidably matched with the machine frame is provided on the screw rod, and the tool rest is connected to the slider through a second-direction displacement mechanism and can follow the slider to perform reciprocating displacement in the workpiece processing direction under the rotation of the screw rod.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present invention, the second-direction displacement mechanism is a screw rod structure including a second motor, and the controller controls the second-direction displacement mechanism by outputting the number of square waves, and the number of output square waves is calculated by the following formula:

[0028] n = N * s / t

[0029] In the formula, n is the number of output square waves; N is the number of square waves per revolution of the second motor, which is a fixed value; s is the measurement result of the measuring unit; t is the pitch of the screw rod.

[0030] Another aspect of the present invention provides an adaptive machining method suitable for long shaft workpieces, which is realized by using the in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system suitable for long shaft workpieces, and this machining method includes the following processes:

[0031] (1) Preparation before machining; clamping the shaft workpiece to be machined between two jigs, and installing the tool on the side behind in the first machining direction;

[0032] (2) Rough machine the shaft workpiece; control the feed of rough machining by the controller to complete the feed control of the second-direction displacement mechanism, and lock the second-direction displacement mechanism after rough machining to a predetermined size. Thereafter, control the first-direction displacement mechanism to operate by the controller, drive the tool to move along the first machining direction until the rough machining of the shaft workpiece is completed;

[0033] (3) Finish machine the end of the shaft workpiece; control the second-direction displacement mechanism to further feed to the finish machining size by the controller, and control the first-direction displacement mechanism to move along the second machining direction to complete the finish machining of the end of the shaft workpiece;

[0034] (4) Install the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism on the tool rest; embed the sliding mounting block in the mounting groove on the rear side in the second machining direction, and make the abutting column and the measurement unit of the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism respectively abut against the two radial sides of the shaft workpiece after finish machining. Thereafter, zero the measurement unit;

[0035] (5) Control the first-direction displacement mechanism to operate by the controller, drive the tool rest provided with the tool and the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism to move along the second machining direction to finish machine the shaft workpiece;

[0036] During the finish machining process, the measurement unit transmits the measurement result to the controller in real time, and the controller generates corresponding control instructions according to the measurement result to control the second-direction displacement mechanism to drive the tool to feed or retract;

[0037] (6) After finishing the machining of the machining length of the shaft workpiece, control the tool to retract and remove the machined shaft workpiece and the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism.

[0038] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the measurement result is positive and exceeds the preset positive tolerance value, the control process is as follows:

[0039] Control the second-direction displacement mechanism to feed and compensate for the distance corresponding to the measurement result by the controller, and control the first-direction displacement mechanism to move in the reverse direction, move at least the distance between the tool and the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism along the first machining direction. After completing the above machining process, control the first-direction displacement mechanism to resume moving along the second machining direction to continue the finish machining of the shaft workpiece.

[0040] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step (5), when the measurement result is negative, control the second-direction displacement mechanism to perform a retraction movement to compensate for the distance corresponding to the measurement result in real time.

[0041] The above improved technical features can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0042] Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the above technical solution conceived by the present invention include:

[0043] (1) The in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system applicable to long-axis workpieces in the present invention includes a machine tool and a tool rest arranged on the machine tool. By arranging an in-machine tracking measurement mechanism corresponding to the tool on the tool rest, and correspondingly arranging a controller, a first-direction displacement mechanism, and a second-direction displacement mechanism, and using the controller to be electrically connected to the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism and the two displacement mechanisms respectively, it is possible to realize the real-time measurement of the measurement results during the finish machining process of the shaft workpiece, and adaptively control the movement of the two displacement mechanisms by the controller according to the measurement results, complete the adaptive tool advancing and retracting control, ensure that the machining of the workpiece always remains within a relatively accurate range, reduce the secondary rework of long-axis workpieces, reduce the scrap rate during the machining process of long-axis workpieces, improve the machining accuracy and efficiency of shaft workpieces, and reduce the machining and application costs of shaft workpieces.

[0044] (2) The in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system applicable to long-axis workpieces in the present invention, by arranging a first-direction displacement mechanism composed of a lead screw and a first motor, and specifically optimizing the setting form of the second-direction displacement mechanism, can further ensure the accuracy of tool machining and advancing and retracting control, and improve the control efficiency and accuracy of the entire machining system.

[0045] (3) The in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system applicable to long-axis workpieces in the present invention has a simple structure, convenient control, and high automation degree. It can realize the real-time in-machine measurement of the change amount of machining dimensions during the machining process of shaft workpieces, and complete the compensation of tool machining parameters in real time according to the measurement results, ensure the accuracy of shaft workpiece machining, reduce the secondary rework during the machining process of shaft workpieces, avoid the machining scrap of shaft workpieces, improve the machining efficiency and good product rate of shaft workpieces, especially long shafts and large-size workpieces, reduce the machining cost and application cost of long-axis workpieces, and has good practical value and popularization and application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0047] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2It is a top view of the structure of the in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic installation diagram of the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism on the tool rest in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 It is a sectional view of the installation of the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism on the tool rest in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] In all the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same technical features, specifically:

[0052] 1. Machine tool; 101. Machine body; 102. Frame; 103. First fixture; 104. Second fixture; 105. First motor; 106. Spiral lead screw; 107. Slide block; 108. Second motor; 109. Slide plate; 110. Controller;

[0053] 2. Tool rest; 201. Installation groove; 202. Fixed cover plate; 203. Limit pin;

[0054] 3. In-machine tracking measurement mechanism; 301. Measuring frame; 302. Slide mounting block; 303. Abutting column; 304. Measuring unit; 305. Elastic member; 306. Limit sliding groove;

[0055] 4. Tool; 5. Shaft workpiece. Detailed implementation manners

[0056] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0057] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0058] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0059] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "mounted", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", etc. shall be construed in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0060] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0061] Embodiment:

[0062] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system applicable to long-axis workpieces is mainly applied to the machining scenario of long-axis workpieces, especially to the machining environment of long-axis workpieces with a large diameter. It mainly measures the outer diameter of the shaft workpiece 5 after machining by the tool 4 during the machining process of the tool 4 by setting up an in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 on the tool rest 2 of the machine tool 1, and feeds back the measurement result to the feed control of the tool 4, and dynamically adjusts the machining parameters of the tool 4 by it to ensure the accuracy of the machining dimensions of each part of the shaft workpiece 5.

[0063] Specifically, the in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system in the preferred embodiment includes the body 101 of the machine tool 1 and the frame 102 arranged on one side of the body 101. A first fixture 103 and a second fixture 104 are coaxially and oppositely arranged above the frame 102, which are used to clamp and fix both ends of the shaft workpiece 5 to be machined, ensuring the clamping reliability of the shaft workpiece 5 during the clamping and rotational machining processes. At the same time, a tool rest 2 is also arranged on the frame 102 corresponding to the shaft workpiece 5 after clamping. A tool 4 for machining the shaft workpiece 5 can be correspondingly assembled on the tool rest 2, and a first-direction displacement mechanism is correspondingly matched at the bottom of the tool rest 2, so that the tool rest 2 can drive the tool 4 to reciprocate along the direction of the connection line of the two fixtures (i.e., the axial direction of the shaft workpiece 5 after clamping / the length direction of the frame 102, which is denoted as the first direction), and complete the machining process of the shaft workpiece 5.

[0064] On this basis, the machining machine tool structure in the preferred embodiment of the present invention further has an in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 arranged on the tool rest 2. It is arranged on one side of the tool 4 along the first direction, and specifically behind the moving direction of the tool 4 during machining, ensuring that the shaft workpiece 5 is first machined by the tool 4, and then the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 measures the outer diameter size of the shaft workpiece 5 after machining. In this way, while completing the external turning machining of the shaft workpiece 5, the real-time in-machine measurement of the outer diameter size of the machined workpiece is realized.

[0065] At the same time, a controller 110 is arranged on the machine tool 1 for the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3. It is electrically connected to the measurement unit 304 in the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3. The connection between the two can be a wired connection or a wireless connection, as long as it ensures that the result measured by the measurement unit 304 can be accurately sent to the controller 110.

[0066] For example, in the preferred embodiment, the controller 110 is integrally arranged on the body 101. The measurement unit 304 is a digital display micrometer with a telescopic measuring rod. It is electrically connected to the controller 110 through a transmission wire, and can transmit the measured data to the controller 110 in real time. The controller 110 determines whether the measurement result of the measurement unit 304 meets the preset threshold, and then generates corresponding control instructions according to the determination result.

[0067] In actual setting, the controller 110 is preferably a PLC controller.

[0068] Specifically, the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 in the preferred embodiment is as Figures 1 to 4 shown in the figure. It includes a measuring frame 301 and a sliding mounting block 302 connected to one end of the measuring frame 301. The measuring frame 301 is a non-linear structure, and is further preferably an arc-shaped, semi-circular or U-shaped structure, so that after it is correspondingly installed on the tool rest 2, it straddles the outside of the shaft workpiece 5, and both ends are respectively arranged on the same radial sides of the shaft workpiece 5 after clamping.

[0069] Further, in a preferred embodiment, abutting columns 303 and a measuring unit 304 which are coaxially arranged are respectively installed at two ends of the measuring frame 301. The abutting end of the abutting column 303 and the measuring end of the measuring unit 304 are arranged oppositely, and can respectively abut against two sides in the radial direction of the shaft workpiece 5 to complete the measurement of the outer diameter size of the shaft workpiece 5.

[0070] More specifically, the abutting column 303 is arranged on one side of the measuring frame 301 connected to the sliding mounting block 302, that is, the abutting column 303 is installed on one side of the on-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 close to the tool rest 2. In actual setting, an installation sleeve is arranged at the connection position between the measuring frame 301 and the sliding mounting block 302, so that the corresponding length of the abutting column 303 can be locked and installed by a radial locking piece after one end thereof is embedded in the installation sleeve, as Figure 4 shown in.

[0071] It can be understood that according to the actual processing requirements (such as the change of the processed outer diameter of the shaft workpiece 5), the abutting column 303 can select different lengths, that is, the abutting column 303 is set to have a variety of different length specifications for selection. Similarly, the measuring end of the measuring unit 304 in the preferred embodiment can also be set to different length models for selection, which will not be elaborated here. In addition, the abutting column 303 is preferably made of wear-resistant material, and the end thereof for abutting against the shaft workpiece 5 is further preferably set in a round head form to reduce the friction force after the two come into contact.

[0072] During actual installation, the sliding mounting block 302 of the on-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 can be correspondingly installed at a preset installation position on the tool rest 2, and the axis of the abutting column 303 / axis of the measuring unit 304 of the installed on-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 is along the second direction (the horizontal radial direction of the shaft workpiece 5) and passes through the axes of the two fixtures (that is, the axis of the shaft workpiece 5 after clamping). In this way, it can be ensured that the measurement object of the on-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 is always the outer diameter of the shaft workpiece 5 after processing.

[0073] It should be noted that the design of the above coaxial setting form can be completed when designing the structures of the machine tool 1 and the tool rest 2, that is, the installation position on the tool rest 2 is set in a form corresponding to the central axis of the two fixtures.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, installation slots 201 are respectively opened on at least one side of the on-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 on the tool rest 2 along the direction of the fixture connection line. In actual setting, the installation slots 201 can be used for the installation of the on-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 and also for the assembly and installation of the tool 4. Therefore, the installation slots 201 are opened on both sides of the tool rest 2 along the first direction.

[0075] More specifically, the installation grooves 201 are formed on the two side end faces of the tool rest 2, and their ends penetrate at least one side of the tool rest 2 close to the two jigs, ensuring that after the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 or the tool 4 is installed, it can be correspondingly matched with the shaft workpiece 5 that has been clamped.

[0076] Further preferably, the axis of the installation groove 201 formed on the tool rest 2 passes through the central axes of the two jigs and is orthogonal to them. Correspondingly, the tool 4 is coaxially installed in the installation groove 201, and after the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 is installed, the axis of the abutting column 303 is collinear with the axis of the installation groove 201.

[0077] Of course, it can be understood that when actually forming the installation groove 201, its axis may not pass through the central axes of the two jigs. At this time, the axis of the abutting column 303 after installation is parallel to the axis of the installation groove 201, and the axis of the abutting column 303 passes through the central axes of the two jigs and is orthogonal to them.

[0078] More specifically, in the preferred embodiment, the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 is installed on the tool rest 2 through the sliding installation block 302. The sliding installation block 302 is coaxially embedded in the installation groove 201 and can reciprocally slide along the axis of the installation groove 201 to approach or move away from the shaft workpiece 5 after being clamped. At the same time, an elastic member 305 is provided at the end of the installation groove 201 corresponding to the end of the sliding installation block 302 facing away from the measuring frame 301, which is used to apply a force to the sliding installation block 302 that always points to the shaft workpiece 5 after being clamped, so as to always abut the abutting column 303 against the outer circumference of the shaft workpiece 5.

[0079] By providing the elastic member 305, the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 can have a reciprocating movement space within a certain range on the axis of the sliding installation block 302 to adapt to the changes in the machining dimensions at different positions of the shaft workpiece 5. By setting the end of the abutting column 303 as the measurement reference, the telescopic amount of the column can be measured through the measurement unit 304, and the change amount of the machining dimension of the shaft workpiece 5 can be measured, and then the outer diameter dimension of the shaft workpiece 5 can be measured.

[0080] During actual machining, a certain length of the end of the shaft workpiece 5 is pre-machined, and then a traditional measuring tool (such as a caliper) is used to measure whether the machined dimension meets the expectation, and the machined dimension that meets the expectation is used as the initial value of the measurement. In this way, as long as the change value of the machining dimension is measured through the measurement unit 304, the outer diameter dimensions of each machining position can be obtained.

[0081] Further preferably, the elastic member 305 in the preferred embodiment is preferably a spring, one end of which is limited and fixed (limited by the limiting block provided in the installation groove 201 or the embedding groove coaxially formed in the installation groove 201), and the other end abuts against the end of the sliding installation block 302 and is always in a compressed state when the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 is working.

[0082] During actual installation, a limiting pin 203 protruding upward is arranged in the installation groove 201, and a limiting sliding groove 306 with a certain length is axially formed at the bottom of the sliding installation block 302, so that the limiting pin 203 can be embedded in the limiting sliding groove 306 to determine the limit position of the axial sliding of the sliding installation block 302. During specific installation, the limiting sliding groove 306 penetrates through both end faces of the sliding installation block 302, and a fixed cover plate 202 is arranged corresponding to the installation limit of the sliding installation block 302 in the installation groove 201. After the sliding installation block 302 and the elastic member 305 are embedded, the opening of the installation groove 201 can be closed by the fixed cover plate 202, so as to ensure that the sliding installation block 302 can only reciprocate along its axis, as Figure 3 shown in

[0083] By using the corresponding settings of the in-machine tracking and measuring mechanism 3 described above, it is possible to realize the in-machine real-time measurement of the size of the shaft workpiece 5 after machining when the tool rest 2 reciprocates in the first direction to machine the shaft workpiece 5.

[0084] As Figure 1 shown in, during actual installation, corresponding to the axial reciprocating motion of the tool rest 2, a first-direction displacement mechanism is also arranged on the machine tool 1. According to actual installation requirements, this first-direction displacement mechanism can be preferably in different forms, such as a spiral screw drive form, a size rack drive form, a slider-rail combination drive form, etc.

[0085] In the preferred embodiment as Figure 1 shown, the displacement drive mechanism is preferably in the form of a spiral screw drive, which includes a spiral screw 106 and a first motor 105 as Figure 1 shown in. The first motor 105 is further preferably integrally arranged in the machine body 101, and its output end is matched with one end of the spiral screw 106, and can drive it to rotate forward / backward around the axis. At the same time, a slider 107 for installing the tool rest 2 is matched on the spiral screw 106. The slider 107 is slidably matched with the frame 102 and can reciprocate axially along the frame 102 under the drive of the spiral screw 106.

[0086] During actual installation, the first motor 105 is preferably a servo motor, which is electrically connected to the controller 110 and can work according to the control instructions generated by the controller 110.

[0087] At the same time, in order to facilitate the control of the tool retraction and tool feeding of the tool 4, the tool rest 2 in the preferred embodiment is matched with the slider 107 by a second-direction displacement mechanism, so that the tool rest 2 can drive the tool 4 and the in-machine tracking and measuring mechanism 3 to reciprocate in the second direction.

[0088] More specifically, the second-direction displacement mechanism in the preferred embodiment is in the form of a slide rail-slider combination arranged along the second direction. It includes a slide rail provided on the slider 107 and a sliding plate 109 arranged in a matching manner, and the top of the tool rest 2 is correspondingly installed on the sliding plate 109, so that the tool rest 2 and each mechanism installed on the tool rest 2 can approach or move away from the clamped shaft workpiece 5 along the second direction, completing the compensation control of the machining parameters of the tool 4.

[0089] In actual setting, a second motor 108 is provided corresponding to the second-direction displacement mechanism. It is further preferably a servo motor electrically connected to the controller 110, and can complete the drive control of the sliding plate 109 under the control of the controller 110, and further complete the feed and retraction control of the tool 4.

[0090] Obviously, in addition to the above-mentioned displacement mechanism setting form, in actual setting, the second-direction displacement mechanism can also be set as a lead screw structure. At this time, the controller 110 can control the second-direction displacement mechanism by outputting the number of square waves, that is, the generated control command directly includes the number of square waves n that the second motor 108 needs to output. The number of square waves n is further calculated by the following equation:

[0091] n = N * s / t

[0092] In the formula, n is the output number of square waves; N is the number of square waves per revolution of the motor, which is a fixed value; s is the measurement result of the measurement unit 304; t is the pitch of the lead screw.

[0093] Since s has the difference between positive and negative values, the n in the generated control command also has the difference between positive and negative values. When n is positive, the controller 110 controls the second motor 108 to rotate forward. At this time, the tool 4 performs feed control; when n is negative, the controller 110 controls the second motor 108 to rotate reversely. At this time, the tool 4 performs retraction control.

[0094] As another aspect of the present invention, in the preferred embodiment, the in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system formed based on the foregoing in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 preferably processes the shaft workpiece 5 as follows:

[0095] (1) Preparation before machining;

[0096] Control the sliding plate 109 at a position away from the machining position, and install the tool 4 in the corresponding installation groove 201 on the tool rest 2. The installation groove 201 is located on the rear side in the first machining direction (that is, the first direction with a clear orientation, pointing from the first end of the shaft workpiece 5 to the second end); correspondingly, clamp the shaft workpiece 5 to be machined between the first fixture 103 and the second fixture 104.

[0097] (2) Rough machining of the shaft workpiece 5;

[0098] Control the rotation of the shaft workpiece 5 by two fixtures, and control the operation of the second motor 108 through the controller 110, so that the sliding plate 109 approaches the shaft workpiece 5 along the second direction to perform turning on the first end (one end) of the shaft workpiece 5;

[0099] When machining reaches the predetermined rough machining size, lock the position of the sliding plate 109, that is, the second motor 108 is in a locked state at this time; control the operation of the first motor 105 to drive the tool rest 2 and the tool on the tool rest 2 to move along the first machining direction to perform rough machining in the length direction of the entire shaft workpiece 5 until machining reaches the second end (the other end) of the shaft workpiece 5;

[0100] More specifically, the diameter allowance of the rough machined workpiece is preferably 1.5 mm to 3 mm, and further preferably 2 mm;

[0101] (3) Perform finish machining on the ends of the shaft workpiece 5;

[0102] Control the operation of the second motor 108 to further feed to the finish machining size of the shaft workpiece 5; thereafter, lock the position of the second motor 108, control the operation of the first motor 105 to make the tool rest 2 move along the second machining direction (i.e., the reverse of the first machining direction, from the second end to the first end) to complete the finish machining of a certain length at the second end, and this length is usually 200 mm to 400 mm, and further preferably 300 mm;

[0103] After completing the above machining, manually measure the end size of the finish machined workpiece. At this time, the measurement process is preferably carried out by the traditional manual measurement method, such as measuring with a caliper, and ensuring that the measured size is at the tolerance center line of the final machining size of the workpiece;

[0104] (4) Install and debug the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 on the tool rest 2;

[0105] Install the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 into the installation groove 201 on the tool rest 2, and this installation groove 201 is located on the side closer to the second machining direction (the side closer to the first machining direction);

[0106] Its installation process preferably includes: first embed the sliding installation block 302 into the installation groove 201 and fix the opening side of the installation groove 201 with the fixed cover plate 202; select a suitable length of the abutting column 303 so that when the elastic member 305 is in a compressed state, the end of the abutting column 303 abuts one side of the shaft workpiece 5; correspondingly, the telescopic measuring rod of the measuring unit 304 is in a pre-compressed state and abuts the other side of the shaft workpiece 5 with its end; after completing the above settings, zero the measuring unit 304, and the system completes the calibration settings before finish machining;

[0107] At this time, the position where the cutting tool 4 is located corresponds to the dimensional parameters of finish machining, and the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 is in the zero position;

[0108] (5) Perform in-machine tracking measurement of the remaining length in the length direction of the shaft workpiece 5 and adaptive finish machining. The in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 measures the dimensions of the workpiece after finish machining in the machine and transmits them to the controller 110. The controller 110 completes the precise control of the two motors until the finish machining of the entire machining length of the shaft workpiece 5 is completed;

[0109] Specifically, control the first motor 105 to work so that the tool rest 2 moves along the second machining direction at a certain step speed, and the cutting tool 4 completes the finish machining of the shaft workpiece 5; while the tool rest 2 moves step by step, the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 measures the dimensions of the workpiece after finish machining in real time;

[0110] During the finish machining process, the measurement unit 304 (preferably a digital display micrometer) of the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 transmits the measurement results to the controller 110 in real time. The controller 110 judges whether the measurement structure is within the normal range. Once an abnormality occurs, corresponding control instructions are generated;

[0111] Specifically, when the measurement result of the measurement unit 304 is positive and exceeds the preset positive tolerance, the controller 110 controls the first motor 105 to move in the reverse direction, and feeds and compensates the distance of the measurement result through the second motor 108; correspondingly, the first motor 105 drives the tool rest 2 to move at least the interval distance between the cutting tool 4 and the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 in the reverse direction of the finish machining direction (i.e., the first machining direction). This interval distance is a fixed value and can be preset in the controller 110; in this way, the adaptive correction machining of the area with too large machining dimensions can be completed. After the above machining process, the controller 110 controls the first motor 105 to resume working in the second machining direction and continue the finish machining of the subsequent length of the workpiece;

[0112] During actual machining, due to the contact between the cutting tool 4 and the shaft workpiece 5, the cutting tool 4 is pushed back by the shaft workpiece 5. Therefore, most of the dimensional changes during machining are that the dimensions of the shaft workpiece 5 after machining are larger than the preset machining dimensions, that is, the value measured by the measurement unit 304 is positive;

[0113] Of course, during actual machining, it is also possible that due to equipment reasons or other factor interferences, the measurement result of the measurement unit 304 is negative. When the above situation occurs, the controller 110 controls the second motor 108 to perform real-time compensation movement to ensure that the machining position of the cutting tool 4 is always at the preset machining position.

[0114] It can be understood that when the measurement result of the measurement unit 304 is negative, the position data is compensated in real time because it is necessary to avoid the size of the shaft workpiece 5 after finish machining being smaller than the minimum allowable size after machining, so as to avoid scrapping of the shaft workpiece 5 and improve the yield rate of machining of the shaft workpiece 5.

[0115] (6) After completing the machining of the machining length of the shaft workpiece 5, the controller 110 controls the second motor 108 to work to realize the retraction of the tool 4. Thereafter, the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 is removed and the machined shaft workpiece 5 is taken off.

[0116] Further preferably, in actual setting, a display and a storage device are also provided corresponding to the controller 110, which are used to display the detection results of the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism 3 in real time and store the relevant detection data correspondingly to generate a machining ledger, so as to conveniently and accurately obtain the machining data of the shaft workpiece 5.

[0117] The in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system for long shaft workpieces in the present invention has a simple structure, convenient control, and high automation degree. It can realize the real-time in-machine measurement of the change amount of the machining size during the machining process of the shaft workpiece, and complete the compensation of the machining parameters of the tool in real time according to the measurement results, ensure the accuracy of the machining of the shaft workpiece, reduce the secondary rework during the machining process of the shaft workpiece, avoid the machining scrapping of the shaft workpiece, improve the machining efficiency and yield rate of the shaft workpiece, especially long shafts and large-size workpieces, reduce the machining cost and application cost of long shaft workpieces, and has good practical value and popularization and application prospects.

[0118] Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system applicable to long-axis workpieces, comprising a machine tool having a machine body and a frame; on the frame, a first fixture and a second fixture for clamping both ends of the shaft workpiece are oppositely arranged, and a tool rest for installing a tool is arranged on the frame; characterized in that, it further comprises an in-machine tracking measurement mechanism and a controller; two mounting grooves are arranged on the tool rest at intervals in the workpiece machining direction, for the tool and the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism to be arranged front and back in the workpiece machining direction; the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism comprises a measuring frame and a sliding mounting block; at both ends of the measuring frame, an abutting column and a measuring unit are coaxially oppositely arranged; the abutting column can abut against the outer side of the machined shaft workpiece with its end during work and serve as a zeroing reference for the measuring unit; the measuring unit is electrically connected to the controller for transmitting the measurement result to the controller in real time; the abutting column installed in the corresponding mounting groove is parallel to the axis of the mounting groove, and the axis of the abutting column passes through the central axis of the two fixtures and is orthogonal to it; one end of the sliding mounting block is connected to the end of the measuring frame where the abutting column is arranged, and the other end thereof can be slidably embedded in the mounting groove on the tool rest; and a elastic member is arranged in the mounting groove corresponding to the sliding mounting block, so that after the sliding mounting block is embedded and installed, the elastic member always applies a force pointing to the shaft workpiece and presses the abutting column against the outer side of the shaft workpiece, and makes the abutting column and the telescopic measuring rod of the measuring unit respectively abut against the same radial sides of the machined shaft workpiece; and a first-direction displacement mechanism and a second-direction displacement mechanism are respectively arranged on the machine tool corresponding to the tool rest, the former is installed on the frame for driving the tool rest to reciprocate in the workpiece machining direction, and the latter is arranged on the first-direction displacement mechanism for driving the tool rest to reciprocate in the radial direction of the workpiece to realize feed and retract control; the two displacement mechanisms are respectively electrically connected to the controller, so that the controller can control the corresponding work of the two displacement mechanisms in real time after receiving the measurement result.

2. The in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system applicable to long-axis workpieces according to claim 1, wherein The elastic member is a spring arranged in the mounting groove; and / or The measuring unit is a dial indicator with a telescopic measuring rod.

3. The in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system applicable to long-axis workpieces according to claim 1, wherein, The measuring frame is of a semicircular or U-shaped structure; and / or A limit pin protrudes in the mounting groove, and a limit sliding groove is opened on the sliding mounting block; The limit pin is embedded in the limit sliding groove for limiting the sliding of the sliding mounting block.

4. The in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system applicable to long-axis workpieces according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The two mounting grooves are respectively arranged on both sides of the tool rest along the workpiece machining direction; and A fixed cover plate is arranged corresponding to the installation of the sliding mounting block in the mounting groove, and it is connected to the opening side of the mounting groove for limiting and installing the sliding mounting block in the mounting groove.

5. The in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system applicable to long-axis workpieces according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The abutting column and / or the telescopic measuring rod of the measuring unit have multiple length specifications to choose from; and / or The end of the abutting column abutting against the shaft workpiece is set in a round head form; and / or The axis of the mounting groove intersects and is perpendicular to the axes of the two fixtures.

6. The in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system applicable to long-axis workpieces according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first-direction displacement mechanism comprises a lead screw and a first motor; One end of the spiral lead screw is matched with the output end of the first motor and can rotate around the axis driven by the first motor; a slider slidably matched with the machine frame is arranged on the spiral lead screw, and the tool rest is connected to the slider through a second-direction displacement mechanism and can follow the slider to perform reciprocating displacement in the workpiece machining direction under the rotation of the spiral lead screw.

7. The on-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system applicable to long-axis workpieces according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The second-direction displacement mechanism is a spiral lead screw structure including a second motor, and the controller controls the second-direction displacement mechanism by outputting the number of square waves. The number of output square waves is calculated by the following formula: Wherein, n is the output square wave number; N is the square wave number per revolution of the second motor, which is a fixed value; s is the measurement result of the measurement unit; t is the pitch of the lead screw.

8. An adaptive machining method suitable for long shaft workpieces, which is realized by using the in-machine tracking measurement adaptive machining system for long shaft workpieces according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and is characterized in that This machining method includes the following processes: (1) Preparation before machining: Clamp the shaft workpiece to be machined between two fixtures, and install the tool on the side behind in the first machining direction. (2) Rough machining of the shaft workpiece: Control the second-direction displacement mechanism by the controller to complete the feed control of rough machining, and lock the second-direction displacement mechanism after rough machining to a predetermined size. Thereafter, control the first-direction displacement mechanism to work by the controller to drive the tool to move along the first machining direction until the rough machining of the shaft workpiece is completed. (3) Finish machining of the end of the shaft workpiece: Control the second-direction displacement mechanism to further feed to the finish machining size by the controller, and control the first-direction displacement mechanism to move along the second machining direction to complete the finish machining of the end of the shaft workpiece. (4) Installation of the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism on the tool rest: Embed the sliding mounting block into the mounting groove on the side behind in the second machining direction, and make the abutting column and the measurement unit of the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism respectively abut against the two radial sides of the shaft workpiece after finish machining; thereafter, zero the measurement unit. (5) Control the first-direction displacement mechanism to work by the controller to drive the tool rest provided with the tool and the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism to move along the second machining direction to perform finish machining of the shaft workpiece. During the finish machining process, the measurement unit transmits the measurement result to the controller in real time, and the controller generates corresponding control instructions according to the measurement result to control the second-direction displacement mechanism to drive the tool to feed or retract. (6) After completing the machining of the machining length of the shaft workpiece, control the tool to retract and remove the completed shaft workpiece and the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism.

9. The adaptive machining method for long-axis workpieces according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step (5), when the measurement result is positive and exceeds the preset positive tolerance value, the control process is as follows: Control the second-direction displacement mechanism to feed and compensate for the distance corresponding to the measurement result by the controller, and control the first-direction displacement mechanism to move in the reverse direction and move at least the interval distance between the tool and the in-machine tracking measurement mechanism along the first machining direction. After completing the above machining process, control the first-direction displacement mechanism to resume moving along the second machining direction by the controller to continue the finish machining of the shaft workpiece.

10. The adaptive machining method for long-axis workpieces according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, In step (5), when the measurement result is negative, the controller controls the second-direction displacement mechanism to perform a tool retraction movement to compensate for the distance corresponding to the measurement result in real time.

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