A method and system for amplitude and phase self-calibration of a beamforming system transceiver unit

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of beamforming system transceiver unit's amplitude and phase self-calibration method and system.The method adds several coupler switch networks consisting of coupler, absorption single-pole double-throw switch and matching resistance in beamforming system.These coupler switch networks are cascaded by transmission line, and can be processed on one or more PCBs.Single-pole double-throw switch is provided with specific gating port, and the transmission coefficient between receiving state transceiver unit and transmitting state transceiver unit is measured, so that the amplitude and phase deviation of all transceiver units in receiving and transmitting state relative to reference transceiver unit can be calculated, to realize beamforming system self-calibration.The application can realize the amplitude and phase self-calibration of all transceiver units in multiple PCBs in scalable beamforming array relative to the same reference transceiver unit, and does not need additional calibration signal generating circuit or measuring circuit, and calibration signal transmission circuit or antenna array does not need to have symmetrical arrangement or size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronics and wireless communication technology, and in particular to a method and system for amplitude and phase self-calibration of a beamforming system transceiver unit. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid growth in demand for mobile data, there is an urgent need to increase wireless communication capacity. Beamforming technology allows multiple-input multiple-output antenna arrays to generate highly directional beams and control their shape with a high degree of freedom. This significantly improves antenna gain, spectral efficiency, and multi-stream transmission capabilities, thereby greatly increasing channel capacity.

[0003] Precise beamforming relies on accurate amplitude and phase control of each transceiver element in the antenna array. However, amplitude and phase deviations between transceiver elements are unavoidable in antenna arrays. Amplitude and phase deviations can be divided into static deviations and dynamic deviations. Static deviations are caused by inconsistencies between transceiver elements, while dynamic deviations are related to factors such as circuit aging and environmental changes. These deviations can cause beam distortion and even degrade the communication performance of the system. Some offline calibration techniques can eliminate deviations between transceiver elements in the laboratory, but once the antenna array is put into use, dynamic deviations accumulate over time, requiring periodic recalibration. However, frequently disassembling the antenna array and sending it back to the laboratory for recalibration is inefficient or even infeasible. Therefore, it is necessary to study self-calibration techniques that do not require a laboratory environment but rely on the internal circuitry of the beamforming system for calibration.

[0004] In the field of beamforming system self-calibration, a series of technological achievements have emerged. However, regarding the publicly available self-calibration technologies, the following three problems still exist.

[0005] 1. Only one transceiver unit on a PCB or chip can be calibrated. However, the application scale of scalable beamforming systems and 3D beamforming systems is rapidly expanding. The transceiver units of these systems are distributed on multiple PCBs or chips, so calibrating only one transceiver unit on a PCB or chip is not enough.

[0006] 2. The reliance on additional calibration signal generation and measurement circuitry increases the overall size and cost of the system.

[0007] 3. The calibration signal transmission circuit or antenna array needs to be strictly symmetrical to avoid deviations caused by unequal calibration signal paths during testing, which limits the application range of the technology and increases the difficulty of circuit layout. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Technical Problem: To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method and system for amplitude and phase self-calibration of transceiver units in a beamforming system. This method can achieve amplitude and phase self-calibration of all transceiver units in multiple PCBs relative to the same reference transceiver unit, and does not require additional calibration signal generation circuits or measurement circuits, nor does it require calibration signal transmission circuits or antenna arrays to have symmetrical arrangement or size.

[0009] Technical solution: The self-calibration method of the present invention adds several coupler switch networks consisting of couplers (1), absorptive single-pole double-throw switches (2) and matching resistors (3) to the beamforming system; each transceiver unit in the beamforming system consists of an antenna (4) and a transceiver channel (5); each coupler (1) of the coupler switch network is connected to the antenna (4) and transceiver channel (5) of a transceiver unit; a coupler switch network is connected to two rows of transceiver units through couplers (1), connecting a total of 2×N transceiver units, where N is the number of transceiver units in a row; the coupler switch network has a periodic structure, so that the size of N is not limited; M coupler switch networks can be cascaded through 2M-2 cascaded transmission lines (6) to connect multiple rows of 2×N×M transceiver units. These coupler switch networks can be fabricated on a PCB and cascaded using planar transmission lines, or fabricated on multiple PCBs and cascaded using cables, thereby realizing the self-calibration of transceiver units on multiple PCBs within the scalable beamforming array.

[0010] Based on the aforementioned coupler switching network, the amplitude and phase self-calibration method for the transceiver unit of the beamforming system includes the following steps:

[0011] (1) Measure the amplitude and phase difference between every two adjacent transceiver units (9) and transceiver units (10) in the same row connected by each coupler switch network in the beamforming system;

[0012] (2) Measure the amplitude and phase difference between the two transceiver units (21) and (22) closest to the cascaded transmission line (6) in each coupler switch network of the beamforming system;

[0013] (3) Measure the amplitude and phase difference between the two transceiver units (36)(38) closest to the same cascaded transmission line (6) in every two cascaded coupler switch networks in the beamforming system.

[0014] (4) Calculate the amplitude and phase deviation of all transceiver units in the beamforming system, that is, their amplitude and phase differences relative to the reference transceiver unit.

[0015] In step (1), the method for measuring the amplitude-phase difference between any two adjacent transceiver units (9) and transceiver units (10) located in the same row connected to each coupler switch network is as follows:

[0016] (1.1) Set the selection ports of switches (11)(12)(13)(14)(17)(20) to ports 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1 respectively;

[0017] (1.2) Set transceiver unit (9) to receive mode, transceiver unit (7) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selection ports of switches (15)(16)(18)(19) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (7). EBC1,EAC1 | 1,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (7). EBC1,EAC1 | 2,2,1,2 ;

[0018] Set transceiver unit (10) to receive mode, transceiver unit (7) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (7). EBC2,EAC1 | 1,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 1, 2, 2, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (7). EBC2,EAC1 | 1,2,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (7). EBC2,EAC1 | 2,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (7). EBC2,EAC1 | 2,2,2,1 ;

[0019] Set transceiver unit (9) to receive mode, transceiver unit (8) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 1, 1, and 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8). EBC1,EAC2|2,1,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8). EBC1,EAC2|2,2,1,2Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 1, 2, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8). EBC1,EAC2|2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 2, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8). EBC1,EAC2|2,2,2,1 ;

[0020] Set transceiver unit (10) to receive mode, transceiver unit (8) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 1, 1, and 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (8). EBC2,EAC2|2,1,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (8). EBC2,EAC2|2,2,1,2 ;

[0021] (1.3) Calculate H EBC1,EAC1|sup H EBC2,EAC1|sup H EBC1,EAC2|sup H EBC2,EAC2|sup :

[0022] H EBC1,EAC1|sup =H EBC1,EAC1|1,2,1,2 -H EBC1,EAC1|2,2,1,2 (1)

[0023] H EBC2,EAC1|sup =H EBC2,EAC1|1,2,1,2 -H EBC2,EAC1|2,2,1,2 -H EBC2,EAC1|1,2,2,1 +H EBC2,EAC1|2,2,2,1 (2)

[0024] H EBC1,EAC2|sup =H EBC1,EAC2|2,1,1,2 -H EBC1,EAC2|2,2,1,2 -H EBC1,EAC2|2,1,2,1 +H EBC1,EAC2|2,2,2,1 (3)

[0025] H EBC2,EAC2|sup =H EBC2,EAC2|2,1,1,2 -H EBC2,EAC2|2,2,1,2 (4)

[0026] (1.4) Assuming that the transceiver unit (9) is numbered n and the transceiver unit (10) is numbered n+1, the receiving mode difference coefficient DR is calculated using equations (1)(2)(3)(4). n,n+1

[0027]

[0028] In equation (5), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In receive mode, the phase difference PR between transceiver units (9) and (10) is... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MR n,n+1 They are respectively:

[0029] PR n,n+1 =arg(DR) n,n+1 (6)

[0030] MR n,n+1 =|DR n,n+1 | (7)

[0031] (1.5) Set transceiver unit (9) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (7) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selection ports of switches (15)(16)(18)(19) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (7). EAC1,EBC1|1,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (7). EAC1,EBC1|2,2,1,2 ;

[0032] Set transceiver unit (10) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (7) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (7). EAC1,EBC2|1,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 1, 2, 2, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (7). EAC1,EBC2|1,2,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (7). EAC1,EBC2|2,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (7). EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,1 ;

[0033] Set transceiver unit (9) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (8) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 1, 1, and 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8). EAC2,EBC1|2,1,1,2Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8). EAC2,EBC1|2,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 1, 2, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8). EAC2,EBC1|2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 2, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8). EAC2,EBC1|2,2,2,1 ;

[0034] Set transceiver unit (10) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (8) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 1, 1, and 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (8). EAC2,EBC2|2,1,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (15), (16), (18), and (19) to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (10) and transceiver unit (8). EAC2,EBC2|2,2,1,2 ;

[0035] (1.6) Calculate H EAC1,EBC1|sup H EAC1,EBC2|sup H EAC2,EBC1|sup H EAC2,EBC2|sup :

[0036] H EAC1,EBC1|sup =H EAC1,EBC1|1,2,1,2 -H EAC1,EBC1|2,2,1,2 (8)

[0037] H EAC1,EBC2|sup =H EAC1,EBC2|1,2,1,2 -H EAC1,EBC2|2,2,1,2 -H EAC1,EBC2|1,2,2,1 +H EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,1 (9)

[0038] H EAC2,EBC1|sup =H EAC2,EBC1|2,1,1,2 -H EAC2,EBC1|2,2,1,2 -H EAC2,EBC1|2,1,2,1 +H EAC2,EBC1|2,2,2,1 (10)

[0039] H EAC2,EBC2|sup =H EAC2,EBC2|2,1,1,2 -H EAC2,EBC2|2,2,1,2 (11)

[0040] (1.7) Assuming that the transceiver unit (9) is numbered n and the transceiver unit (10) is numbered n+1, the transmission mode difference coefficient DT is calculated using equations (8)(9)(10)(11). n,n+1

[0041]

[0042] In equation (12), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In transmit mode, the phase difference PT between transceiver units (9) and (10) is... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MT n,n+1 They are respectively:

[0043] PT n,n+1 =arg(DT) n,n+1 (13)

[0044] MT n,n+1 =|DT n,n+1 | (14)

[0045] In step (1), the amplitude and phase difference measurement of any two adjacent transceiver units (9) and transceiver units (10) located in the same row connected by each coupler switch network is completed.

[0046] In step (2), the method for measuring the amplitude-phase difference between the two transceiver units (21) and (22) closest to the two cascaded transmission lines (6) connected to any coupler switch network is as follows:

[0047] (2.1) Set the selection ports of switches (26)(29)(31)(32)(34) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively;

[0048] (2.2) Set transceiver unit (21) to receive mode, transceiver unit (23) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selection ports of switches (25)(27)(28)(30)(33) to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (23). EBC1,EAC1|2,1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25)(27)(28)(30)(33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (23). EBC1,EAC1|1,1,1,2,2 ;

[0049] Set transceiver unit (22) to receive mode, transceiver unit (23) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches (25)(27)(28)(30)(33) to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EBC2,EAC1|2,1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EBC2,EAC1|2,2,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EBC2,EAC1|1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EBC2,EAC1|1,2,1,2,2 ;

[0050] Set transceiver unit (21) to receive mode, transceiver unit (24) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selector ports of switches (25)(27)(28)(30)(33) to port 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EBC1,EAC2|1,1,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EBC1,EAC2|1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EBC1,EAC2|1,2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EBC1,EAC2|1,2,1,2,2 ;

[0051] Set transceiver unit (22) to receive mode, transceiver unit (24) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selector ports of switches (25)(27)(28)(30)(33) to port 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (24). EBC2,EAC2|1,1,1,1,1Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (24). EBC2,EAC2|1,1,1,2,2 ;

[0052] (2.3) Calculate H EBC1,EAC1|sup H EBC2,EAC1|sup H EBC1,EAC2|sup H EBC2,EAC2|sup :

[0053] H EBC1,EAC1|sup =H EBC1,EAC1|2,1,2,2,2 -H EBC1,EAC1|1,1,1,2,2 (15)

[0054] H EBC2,EAC1|sup =H EBC2,EAC1|2,1,2,2,2 -H EBC2,EAC1|2,2,2,2,2 -H EBC2,EAC1| 1 ,1,1,2,2 +H EBC2 , EAC1|1,2,1,2,2 (16)

[0055] H EBC1,EAC2|sup =H EBC1,EAC2|1,1,1,1,1 -H EBC1,EAC2|1,1,1,2,2 -H EBC1,EAC2|1,2,1,1,1 +H EBC1,EAC2|1,2,1,2,2 (17)

[0056] H EBC2,EAC2|sup =H EBC2,EAC2|1,1,1,1,1 -H EBC2,EAC2|1,1,1,2,2 (18)

[0057] (2.4) Assuming that the transceiver unit (21) is numbered n and the transceiver unit (22) is numbered n+1, the receiver mode difference coefficient DR is calculated using equations (15)(16)(17)(18). n,n+1

[0058]

[0059] In equation (5), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In receive mode, the phase difference PR between transceiver units (21) and (22) is... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MR n,n+1 for:

[0060] PR n,n+1 =arg(DR) n,n+1 (6)

[0061] MR n,n+1 =|DR n,n+1 | (7)

[0062] (2.5) Set transceiver unit (21) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (23) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches (25)(27)(28)(30)(33) to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC1|2,1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25)(27)(28)(30)(33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC1|1,1,1,2,2 ;

[0063] Set transceiver unit (22) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (23) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (25)(27)(28)(30)(33) to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC2|2,1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC2|1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC2|1,2,1,2,2 ;

[0064] Set transceiver unit (21) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (24) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (25)(27)(28)(30)(33) to port 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC1|1,1,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC1|1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC1|1,2,1,1,1Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC1|1,2,1,2,2 ;

[0065] Set transceiver unit (22) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (24) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (25)(27)(28)(30)(33) to port 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC2|1,1,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC2|1,1,1,2,2 ;

[0066] (2.6) Calculate H EAC1,EBC1|sup H EAC1,EBC2|sup H EAC2,EBC1|sup H EAC2,EBC2|sup :

[0067] H EAC1,EBC1|sup =H EAC1,EBC1|2,1,2,2,2 -H EAC1,EBC11,1,1,2,2 (19)

[0068] H EAC1,EBC2|sup =H EAC1,EBC2|2,1,2,2,2 -H EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,2,2 -H EAC1,EBC2|1,1,1,2,2 +H EAC1,EBC2|1,2,1,2,2 (20)

[0069] H EAC2,EBC1|sup =H EAC2,EBC1|1,1,1,1,1 -H EAC2,EBC1|1,1,1,2,2 -H EAC2,EBC1|1,2,1,1,1 +H EAC2,EBC1|1,2,1,2,2 (twenty one)

[0070] H EAC2,EBC2|sup =H EAC2,EBC2|1,1,1,1,1 -H EAC2,EBC2|1,1,1,2,2 (twenty two)

[0071] (2.7) Assuming that the transceiver unit (21) is numbered n and the transceiver unit (22) is numbered n+1, the transmission mode difference coefficient DT is calculated using equations (19)(20)(21)(22). n,n+1

[0072]

[0073] In equation (12), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In transmit mode, the phase difference PT between transceiver units (21) and (22) is... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MT n,n+1 They are respectively:

[0074] PT n,n+1 =arg(DT) n,n+1 (13)

[0075] MT n,n+1 =|DT n,n+1 | (14)

[0076] In step (2), the amplitude and phase difference measurement of the two transceiver units (21) and (22) closest to the two cascaded transmission lines (6) connected by any coupler switch network is completed.

[0077] In step (3), the method for measuring the amplitude-phase difference between the two transceiver units (36) and (38) closest to the same cascaded transmission line (6) in any two cascaded coupler switch networks is as follows:

[0078] (3.1) Set the selection ports of switches (39)(40)(43)(44)(45)(48) to ports 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 respectively;

[0079] (3.2) Set transceiver unit (36) to receive mode, transceiver unit (35) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (35). EBC1,EAC1|1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (35). EBC1,EAC1|2,1,2,1 ;

[0080] Set transceiver unit (38) to receive mode, transceiver unit (35) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EBC2,EAC1|1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EBC2,EAC1|1,2,2,2Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EBC2,EAC1|2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EBC2,EAC1|2,2,2,2 ;

[0081] Set transceiver unit (36) to receive mode, transceiver unit (37) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EBC1,EAC2|2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EBC1,EAC2|2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EBC1,EAC2|2,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EBC1,EAC2|2,2,2,2 ;

[0082] Set transceiver unit (38) to receive mode, transceiver unit (37) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (37). EBC2,EAC2|2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (37). EBC2,EAC2|2,1,2,1 ;

[0083] (3.3) Calculate H EBC1,EAC1|sup H EBC2,EAC1|sup H EBC1,EAC2|sup H EBC2,EAC2|sup :

[0084] H EBC1,EAC1|sup =H EBC1,EAC1|1,1,2,1 -H EBC1,EAC1|2,1,2,1 (twenty three)

[0085] H EBC2,EAC1|sup =HEBC2,EAC1| 1 ,1,2,1 -H EBC2,EAC1|1,2,2,2 -H EBC2,EAC1|2,1,2,1 +H EBC2,EAC1|2,2,2,2 (twenty four)

[0086] H EBC1,EAC2|sup =H EBC1,EAC2|2,1,1,1 -H EBC1,EAC2|2,1,2，1 -H EBC1,EAC2|2,2,1,2 +H EBC1,EAC2|2,2,2,2 (25)

[0087] H EBC2,EAC2|sup =H EBC2,EAC2|2,1,1,1 -H EBC2,EAC2|2,1,2,1 (26)

[0088] (3.4) Assuming that the transceiver unit (36) is numbered n and the transceiver unit (38) is numbered n+1, the receiver mode difference coefficient DR is calculated using equations (23)(24)(25)(26). n,n+1

[0089]

[0090] In equation (5), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In receive mode, the phase difference PR between transceiver units (36) and (38) is... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MR n,n+1 They are respectively:

[0091] PR n,n+1 =arg(DR) n,n+1 (6)

[0092] MR n,n+1 =|DR n,n+1 | (7)

[0093] (3.5) Set transceiver unit (36) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (35) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC1|1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC1|2,1,2,1 ;

[0094] Set transceiver unit (38) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (35) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC2|1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC2|1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC2|2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,2 ;

[0095] Set transceiver unit (36) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (37) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC1|2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC1|2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC1|2,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC1|2,2,2,2 ;

[0096] Set transceiver unit (38) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (37) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC2|2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC2|2,1,2,1 ;

[0097] (3.6) Calculate H EAC1,EBC1|sup H EAC1,EBC2|sup H EAC2,EBC1|sup H EAC2,EBC2|sup :

[0098] H EAC1,EBC1|sup =H EAC1,EBC1|1,1,2,1 -H EAC1,EBC1|2,1,2,1 (27)

[0099] H EAC1,EBC2|sup =H EAC1,EBC2|1,1,2,1 -H EAC1,EBC2|1,2,2,2 -H EAC1,EBC2|2,1,2,1 +H EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,2 (28)

[0100] H EAC2,EBC1|sup =H EAC2,EBC1|2,1,1,1 -H EAC2 , EBC1|2,1,2，1 -H EAC2,EBC1|2,2,1,2 +H EAC2,EBC1|2,2,2,2 (29)

[0101] H EAC2,EBC2|sup =H EAC2,EBC2|2,1,1,1 -H EAC2,EBC2|2,1,2,1 (30)

[0102] (3.7) Assuming that the transceiver unit (36) is numbered n and the transceiver unit (38) is numbered n+1, the transmission mode difference coefficient DT is calculated using equations (27)(28)(29)(30). n,n+1

[0103]

[0104] In equation (12), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In transmit mode, the phase difference PT between transceiver units (36) and (38) is... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MT n,n+1 They are respectively:

[0105] PT n,n+1 =arg(DT) n,n+1 (13)

[0106] MT n,n+1 =|DT n,n+1 | (14)

[0107] In step (3), the amplitude and phase difference measurement between the two transceiver units (36) and (38) closest to the same cascaded transmission line (6) connected by any two cascaded coupler switch networks is completed.

[0108] In step (4), the method for calculating the amplitude and phase deviation between all transceiver units in the beamforming system and the reference transceiver unit is as follows:

[0109] Assuming the reference transceiver unit is numbered 1, the phase difference PR between two transceiver units, arbitrarily numbered n and n+1, in receive mode is calculated based on the measured phase difference PR. n,n+1 and amplitude difference MR n,n+1 The phase deviation PR between any transceiver unit numbered n and the reference transceiver unit in receive mode 1,n and amplitude deviation MR 1,n They are respectively

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] Based on the measured phase difference PT between the two transceiver units numbered n and n+1 in transmit mode. n,n+1 and amplitude difference MT n,n+1 The phase deviation PT between the transceiver unit numbered n and the reference transceiver unit in transmit mode. 1,n and amplitude deviation MT 1,n They are respectively

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] This completes the amplitude and phase self-calibration process for all transceiver units.

[0116] Beneficial effects: The amplitude and phase self-calibration method of the beamforming system transceiver unit provided by this invention can realize the amplitude and phase self-calibration of all transceiver units in multiple PCBs relative to the same reference transceiver unit, without the need for additional calibration signal generation circuits or measurement circuits, nor the need for calibration signal transmission circuits or antenna arrays to have symmetrical arrangement or size. Attached Figure Description

[0117] Figure 1 For beamforming systems incorporating coupler switching networks;

[0118] Figure 2 An explanatory diagram for measuring the amplitude and phase difference between any two adjacent transceiver units located in the same row connected to each coupler switch network.

[0119] Figure 3 An explanatory diagram for measuring the amplitude-phase difference between the two nearest transceiver units connected to a cascaded transmission line in any coupler-switching network.

[0120] Figure 4An illustration for measuring the amplitude and phase difference between the two nearest transceiver units connected to the same cascaded transmission line in any two cascaded coupler switch networks in a beamforming system.

[0121] Figure 5 The amplitude and phase deviations of each transceiver unit in the beamforming system relative to the reference transceiver unit in the receiving mode were measured using this method and the far-field air interface calibration method, respectively.

[0122] Figure 6 The amplitude and phase deviations of each transceiver unit in the beamforming system relative to the reference transceiver unit in transmit mode were measured using this method and the far-field air interface calibration method, respectively.

[0123] Figure 7 Simulated beam pattern, uncalibrated measured beam pattern, and calibrated measured beam pattern of the beamforming system when the beam direction is normal. Detailed Implementation

[0124] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Any modifications made to the technical solutions based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0125] This invention provides a beamforming system design incorporating a coupler switching network and its corresponding self-calibration method. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The beamforming system operates in time-division multiplexing mode, with 16 transceiver units arranged in four rows of four. The system has two coupler switching networks. Figure 1 The transceiver unit consists of coupler 1, an absorptive single-pole double-throw switch 2, and a matching resistor 3. Each transceiver unit comprises an antenna 4 and a transceiver channel 5. Each coupler 1 in the coupler switch network is connected to the antenna 4 and transceiver channel 5 of one transceiver unit, and each coupler switch network is connected to 2 rows of 8 transceiver units through coupler 1. Two coupler switch networks are cascaded through two cascaded transmission lines 6, which are cables. The transmission coefficient between the transceiver units operating in receive mode and the transceiver units operating in transmit mode is measured using a vector network analyzer.

[0126] The following section, with reference to the accompanying diagram, explains the self-calibration process of the beamforming system's transceiver unit, which consists of four steps.

[0127] (1) The first step is to measure the amplitude and phase difference between every two adjacent transceiver units 9 and 10 located in the same row, connected by each coupler switch network in the beamforming system. Figure 2There are 12 pairs of amplitude and phase differences between two adjacent transceiver units 9 and 10 located in the same row, connected by the same coupler switch network, which need to be measured. One pair will be used as an example.

[0128] (1.1) Set the selection ports of switches 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, and 20 to ports 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1 respectively;

[0129] (1.2) Set transceiver unit 9 to receive mode, transceiver unit 7 to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 1, 2, 1, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 7. EBC1,EAC1 | 1,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (7). EBC1,EAC1 | 2,2,1,2 ;

[0130] Set transceiver unit 10 to receive mode, transceiver unit 7 to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 1, 2, 1, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 7. EBC2,EAC1 | 1,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 1, 2, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 7. EBC2,EAC1 | 1,2,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 7. EBC2,EAC1 | 2,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 7. EBC2,EAC1|2,2,2,1 ;

[0131] Set transceiver unit 9 to receive mode, transceiver unit 8 to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 1, 1, and 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 8. EBC1,EAC2|2,1,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 8. EBC1,EAC2|2,2,1,2Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 1, 2, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 8. EBC1,EAC2|2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 2, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 8. EBC1,EAC2|2,2,2,1 ;

[0132] Set transceiver unit 10 to receive mode, transceiver unit 8 to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 1, 1, and 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 8. EBC2,EAC2|2,1,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 8. EBC2,EAC2|2,2,1,2 ;

[0133] (1.3) Calculate H EBC1,EAC1|sup H EBC2,EAC1|sup H EBC1,EAC2|sup H EBC2,EAC2|sup :

[0134] H EBC1,EAC1|sup =H EBC1,EAC1|1,2,1,2 -H EBC1,EAC1|2,2,1,2 (1)

[0135] H EBC2,EAC1|sup =H EBC2,EAC1 | 1,2,1,2 -H EBC2,EAC1|2,2,1,2 -H EBC2,EAC1|1,2,2,1 +H EBC2,EAC1|2,2,2,1 (2)

[0136] H EBC1,EAC2|sup =H EBC1,EAC2 | 2,1,1,2 -H EBC1,EAC2|2,2,1,2 -H EBC1,EAC2|2,1,2,1 +H EBC1,EAC2|2,2,2,1 (3)

[0137] H EBC2,EAC2|sup =H EBC2,EAC2|2,1,1,2 -H EBC2,EAC2|2,2,1,2 (4)

[0138] (1.4) Assuming that the transceiver unit 9 is numbered n and the transceiver unit 10 is numbered n+1, the receiver mode difference coefficient DR is calculated using equations (1)(2)(3)(4). n,n+1

[0139]

[0140] In equation (5), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In receive mode, the phase difference PR between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 10... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MR n,n+1 They are respectively:

[0141] PR n,n+1 =arg(DR) n,n+1 (6)

[0142] MR n,n+1 =|DR n,n+1 | (7)

[0143] (1.5) Set transceiver unit 9 to transmit mode, transceiver unit 7 to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 1, 2, 1, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 7. EAC1,EBC1|1,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 7. EAC1,EBC1|2,2,1,2 ;

[0144] Set transceiver unit 10 to transmit mode, transceiver unit 7 to receive mode, and silence the other transceiver units. Set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 1, 2, 1, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 7. EAC1,EBC2|1,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 1, 2, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 7. EAC1,EBC2|1,2,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 7. EAC1,EBC2|2,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 7. EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,1 ;

[0145] Set transceiver unit 9 to transmit mode, transceiver unit 8 to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 1, 1, and 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 8. EAC2,EBC1|2,1,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 8. EAC2,EBC1|2,2,1,2Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 1, 2, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 8. EAC2,EBC1|2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 2, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 8. EAC2,EBC1|2,2,2,1 ;

[0146] Set transceiver unit 10 to transmit mode, transceiver unit 8 to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 1, 1, and 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 8. EAC2,EBC2|2,1,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 15, 16, 18, and 19 to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 10 and transceiver unit 8. EAC2,EBC2|2,2,1,2 ;

[0147] (1.6) Calculate H EAC1,EBC1|sup H EAC1,EBC2|sup H EAC2,EBC1|sup H EAC2,EBC2|sup :

[0148] H EAC1,EBC1|sup =H EAC1,EBC1|1,2,1,2 -H EAC1,EBC1|2,2,1,2 (8)

[0149] H EAC1,EBC2|sup =H EAC1,EBC2|1,2,1,2 -H EAC1,EBC2|2,2,1,2 -H EAC1,EBC2|1,2,2,1 +H EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,1 (9)

[0150] H EAC2,EBC1|sup =H EAC2,EBC1|2,1,1,2 -H EAC2,EBC1|2,2,1,2 -H EAC2,EBC1|2,1,2,1 +H EAC2,EBC1|2,2,2,1 (10)

[0151] H EAC2,EBC2|sup =H EAC2,EBC2|2,1,1,2 -H EAC2,EBC2|2,2,1,2 (11)

[0152] (1.7) Assuming that the transceiver unit 9 is numbered n and the transceiver unit 10 is numbered n+1, the transmission mode difference coefficient DT is calculated using equations (8)(9)(10)(11). n,n+1

[0153]

[0154] In equation (12), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In transmit mode, the phase difference PT between transceiver unit 9 and transceiver unit 10 is... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MT n,n+1 They are respectively:

[0155] PT n,n+1 =arg(DT) n,n+1 (13)

[0156] MT n,n+1 =|DT n,n+1 | (14)

[0157] Steps (1.1) to (1.7) are performed once for each of the 12 pairs of adjacent transceiver units located in the same row connected by the same coupler switch network, to obtain the amplitude and phase deviation of the two adjacent transceiver units located in the same row connected by the same coupler switch network.

[0158] (2) The second step involves measuring the amplitude and phase difference between the two transceiver units 21 and 22 closest to the two cascaded transmission lines 6 connected to each coupler switch network in the beamforming system, such as... Figure 3 There are two pairs of transceiver units 21 and 22 connected to the same coupler switch network and closest to the two cascaded transmission lines 6. The amplitude and phase differences between them need to be measured. One pair is used as an example.

[0159] (2.1) Set the selection ports of switches 26, 29, 31, 32, and 34 to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively;

[0160] (2.2) Set transceiver unit 21 to receive mode, transceiver unit 23 to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 23. EBC1,EAC1|2,1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 23. EBC1,EAC1|1,1,1,2,2 ;

[0161] Set transceiver unit 22 to receive mode, transceiver unit 23 to transmit mode, and silence the other transceiver units. Set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 23. EBC2,EAC1|2,1,2,2,2Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 23. EBC2,EAC1|2,2,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 23. EBC2,EAC1|1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 23. EBC2,EAC1|1,2,1,2,2 ;

[0162] Set transceiver unit 21 to receive mode, transceiver unit 24 to transmit mode, and silence the other transceiver units. Set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 24. EBC1,EAC2|1,1,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 24. EBC1,EAC2|1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 24. EBC1,EAC2|1,2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 24. EBC1,EAC2|1,2,1,2,2 ;

[0163] Set transceiver unit 22 to receive mode, transceiver unit 24 to transmit mode, and silence the other transceiver units. Set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 24. EBC2,EAC2|1,1,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 24. EBC2,EAC2|1,1,1,2,2 ;

[0164] (2.3) Calculate H EBC1,EAC1|sup H EBC2,EAC1|sup H EBC1,EAC2|sup H EBC2,EAC2|sup :

[0165] H EBC1,EAC1|sup =H EBC1,EAC1|2,1,2,2,2 -H EBC1,EAC1|1,1,1,2,2 (15)

[0166] H EBC2,EAC1|sup =H EBC2,EAC1|2,1,2,2,2 -H EBC2,EAC1|2,2,2,2,2 -H EBC2,EAC1|1,1,1,2,2 +H EBC2,EAC1|1,2,1,2,2 (16)

[0167] H EBC1,EAC2|sup =H EBC1,EAC2|1,1,1,1,1 -H EBC1,EAC2|1,1,1,2,2 -H EBC1,EAC2|1,2,1,1,1 +H EBC1,EAC2|1,2,1,2,2 (17)

[0168] H EBC2,EAC2|sup =H EBC2,EAC2|1,1,1,1,1 -H EBC2,EAC2|1,1,1,2,2 (18)

[0169] (2.4) Assuming that the transceiver unit 21 is numbered n and the transceiver unit 22 is numbered n+1, the receiver mode difference coefficient DR is calculated using equations (15)(16)(17)(18). n,n+1

[0170]

[0171] In equation (5), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In receive mode, the phase difference PR between transceiver units 21 and 22... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MR n,n+1 for:

[0172] PR n,n+1 =arg(DR) n,n+1 (6)

[0173] MR n,n+1 =|DR n,n+1 | (7)

[0174] (2.5) Set transceiver unit 21 to transmit mode, transceiver unit 23 to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 23. EAC1,EBC1|2,1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 23. EAC1,EBC1|1,1,1,2,2 ;

[0175] Set transceiver unit 22 to transmit mode, transceiver unit 23 to receive mode, and silence the other transceiver units. Set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 23. EAC1,EBC2|2,1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 23. EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 23. EAC1,EBC2|1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 23. EAC1,EBC2|1,2,1,2,2 ;

[0176] Set transceiver unit 21 to transmit mode, transceiver unit 24 to receive mode, and silence the other transceiver units. Set the selector ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 24. EAC2,EBC1|1,1,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 24. EAC2,EBC1|1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 24. EAC2,EBC1|1,2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 21 and transceiver unit 24. EAC2,EBC1|1,2,1,2,2 ;

[0177] Set transceiver unit 22 to transmit mode, transceiver unit 24 to receive mode, and silence the other transceiver units. Set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 24. EAC2,EBC2|1,1,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 25, 27, 28, 30, and 33 to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 22 and transceiver unit 24. EAC2,EBC2|1,1,1,2,2 ;

[0178] (2.6) Calculate H EAC1,EBC1|sup H EAC1,EBC2|sup HEAC2,EBC1|sup H EAC2,EBC2|sup :

[0179] H EAC1,EBC1|sup =H EAC1,EBC1 | 2,1,2,2,2 -H EAC1,EBC1|1,1,1,2,2 (19)

[0180] H EAC1,EBC2|sup =H EAC1,EBC2|2,1,2,2,2 -H EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,2,2 -H EAC1,EBC2|1,1,1,2,2 +H EAC1,EBC2|1,2,1,2,2 (20)

[0181] H EAC2,EBC1|sup =H EAC2,EBC1|1,1,1,1,1 -H EAC2,EBC1|1,1,1,2,2 -H EAC2,EBC1|1,2,1,1,1 +H EAC2,EBC1|1,2,1,2,2 (twenty one)

[0182] H EAC2,EBC2|sup =H EAC2,EBC2|1,1,1,1,1 -H EAC2,EBC2|1,1,1,2,2 (twenty two)

[0183] (2.7) Assuming that the transceiver unit 21 is numbered n and the transceiver unit 22 is numbered n+1, the transmission mode difference coefficient DT is calculated using equations (19)(20)(21)(22). n,n+1

[0184]

[0185] In equation (12), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In transmit mode, the phase difference PT between transceiver units 21 and 22 is... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MT n,n+1 They are respectively:

[0186] PT n,n+1 =arg(DT) n,n+1 (13)

[0187] MT n,n+1 =|DT n,n+1 | (14)

[0188] Steps (2.1) to (2.7) are performed once for each of the two transceiver units connected to the two cascaded transmission lines 6 of each of the two coupler switch networks, to obtain the amplitude and phase deviations of the two transceiver units connected to the two cascaded transmission lines 6 of each of the two coupler switch networks.

[0189] (3) The third step involves measuring the amplitude and phase difference between the two transceiver units 36 and 38, which are connected to the same cascaded transmission line 6, in the beamforming system via two cascaded coupler switch networks. Figure 3 The amplitude and phase difference between the two transceiver units 36 and 38 closest to the same cascaded transmission line 6, connected by a pair of cascaded coupler switch networks, needs to be measured, as explained below.

[0190] (3.1) Set the selection ports of switches 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, and 48 to ports 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 respectively;

[0191] (3.2) Set transceiver unit 36 ​​to receive mode, transceiver unit 35 to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 35. EBC1,EAC1|1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 35. EBC1,EAC1|2,1,2,1 ;

[0192] Set transceiver unit 38 to receive mode, transceiver unit 35 to transmit mode, and silence the other transceiver units. Set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 35. EBC2,EAC1|1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 35. EBC2,EAC1|1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 35. EBC2,EAC1|2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 35. EBC2,EAC1|2,2,2,2 ;

[0193] Set transceiver unit 36 ​​to receive mode, transceiver unit 37 to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 1, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 37. EBC1,EAC2|2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 37. EBC1,EAC2|2,1,2,1Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 37. EBC1,EAC2|2,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 37. EBC1,EAC2|0,2,2,2 ;

[0194] Set transceiver unit 38 to receive mode, transceiver unit 37 to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 1, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 37. EBC2,EAC2|2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 37. EBC2,EAC2|2,1,2,1 ;

[0195] (3.3) Calculate H EBC1,EAC1|sup H EBC2,EAC1|sup H EBC1,EAC2|sup H EBC2,EAC2|sup :

[0196] H EBC1,EAC1|sup =H EBC1,EAC1|1,1,2,1 -H EBC1,EAC1|2,1,2,1 (twenty three)

[0197] H EBC2,EAC1|sup =H EBC2,EAC1|1,1,2,1 -H EBC2,EAC1|1,2,2,2 -H EBC2,EAC1|2,1,2,1 +H EBC2,EAC1|2,2,2,2 (twenty four)

[0198] H EBC1,EAC2|sup =H EBC1,EAC2|2,1,1,1 -H EBC1,EAC2|2,1,2，1 -H EBC1,EAC2|2,2,1,2 +H EBC1,EAC2|2,2,2,2 (25)

[0199] H EBC2,EAC2|sup =H EBC2,EAC2|2,1,1,1 -H EBC2,EAC2|2,1,2,1 (26)

[0200] (3.4) Assuming that the transceiver unit 36 ​​is numbered n and the transceiver unit 38 is numbered n+1, the receiver mode difference coefficient DR is calculated using equations (23)(24)(25)(26). n,n+1

[0201]

[0202] In equation (5), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In receive mode, the phase difference PR between transceiver units 36 and 38... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MR n,n+1 They are respectively:

[0203] PR n,n+1 =arg(DR) n,n+1 (6)

[0204] MR n,n+1 =|DR n,n+1 | (7)

[0205] (3.5) Set transceiver unit 36 ​​to transmit mode, transceiver unit 35 to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 35. EAC1,EBC1|1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 35. EAC1,EBC1|2,1,2,1 ;

[0206] Set transceiver unit 38 to transmit mode, transceiver unit 35 to receive mode, and silence the other transceiver units. Set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 35. EAC1,EBC2|1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 35. EAC1,EBC2|1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 35. EAC1,EBC2|2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 35. EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,2 ;

[0207] Set transceiver unit 36 ​​to transmit mode, transceiver unit 37 to receive mode, and silence the other transceiver units. Set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 1, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 37. EAC2,EBC1|2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 37.EAC2,EBC1|2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 2, 1, and 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 37. EAC2,EBC1|2,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 36 ​​and transceiver unit 37. EAC2,EBC1|2,2,2,2 ;

[0208] Set transceiver unit 38 to transmit mode, transceiver unit 37 to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 1, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 37. EAC2,EBC2|2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches 41, 42, 46, and 47 to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit 38 and transceiver unit 37. EAC2,EBC2|2,1,2,1 ;

[0209] (3.6) Calculate H EAC1,EBC1|sup H EAC1,EBC2|sup H EAC2,EBC1|sup H EAC2,EBC2|sup :

[0210] H EAC1,EBC1|sup =H EAC1,EBC1|1,1,2,1 -H EAC1,EBC1|2,1,2,1 (27)

[0211] H EAC1,EBC2|sup =H EAC1,EBC2|1,1,2,1 -H EAC1,EBC2|1,2,2,2 -H EAC1,EBC2|2,1,2,1 +H EAC1,EBC2|2,2,2,2 (28)

[0212] H EAC2,EBC1|sup =H EAC2,EBC1|2,1,1,1 -H EAC2,EBC1|2,1,2，1 -H EAC2,EBC1|2,2,1,2 +H EAC2,EBC1|2,2,2,2 (29)

[0213] H EAC2,EBC2|sup =H EAC2,EBC2|2,1,1,1 -H EAC2 , EBC2|2,1,2,1 (30)

[0214] (3.7) Assuming that the transceiver unit 36 ​​is numbered n and the transceiver unit 38 is numbered n+1, the transmission mode difference coefficient DT is calculated using equations (27)(28)(29)(30). n,n+1

[0215]

[0216] In equation (12), the effects of potential asymmetric arrangement and size in the calibration signal transmission circuit and antenna array are largely offset. In transmit mode, the phase difference PT between transceiver units 36 and 38 is... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MT n,n+1 They are respectively:

[0217] PT n,n+1 =arg(DT) n,n+1 (13)

[0218] MT n,n+1 =|DT n,n+1 | (14)

[0219] Perform steps (3.1) to (3.7) to obtain the amplitude and phase deviation of the two transceiver units connected to the same cascaded transmission line 6 by the two coupler switch networks.

[0220] (4) In the fourth step, the amplitude and phase difference between all transceiver units in the beamforming system and the reference transceiver unit is calculated, as explained below.

[0221] Based on the amplitude and phase deviations measured between the 15 pairs of transceiver units in the previous three stages, the amplitude and phase deviation of any one of the 16 transceiver units in this beamforming system relative to the reference transceiver unit can be recursively derived. These 16 transceiver units are numbered, assuming the reference transceiver unit is numbered 1. Based on the measured phase difference PR between two transceiver units numbered n and n+1 in the receiving mode... n,n+1 and amplitude difference MR n,n+1 The phase difference PR between transceiver unit numbered n and the reference transceiver unit in receive mode. 1,n and amplitude difference MR 1,n They are respectively

[0222]

[0223]

[0224] Based on the measured phase difference PT between the two transceiver units numbered n and n+1 in transmit mode. n,n+1 and amplitude difference MT n,n+1 The phase deviation PT between the transceiver unit numbered n and the reference transceiver unit in transmit mode. 1,n and amplitude deviation MT 1,n They are respectively

[0225]

[0226]

[0227] This completes the amplitude and phase self-calibration process for all transceiver units in the 16-transceiver unit beamforming system.

[0228] To verify the authenticity and reliability of the amplitude and phase self-calibration method for the transceiver units of the beamforming system provided by this invention, a hybrid beamforming system example with 16 transceiver units and two cascaded coupler switch networks was fabricated according to the beamforming system structure with added coupler switch networks provided by this invention for verification. The amplitude and phase deviations of each transceiver unit relative to the reference transceiver unit, measured using this method and the far-field air interface calibration method respectively, are shown below. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown. The simulated radiation pattern, uncalibrated measured radiation pattern, and calibrated measured radiation pattern of the 16-transmitter / receiver hybrid beamforming system under ideal conditions when the beam direction is normal are shown below. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, after calibration using this method, the radiation pattern is more consistent with the simulated radiation pattern under ideal conditions, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.

[0229] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solutions based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for amplitude and phase self-calibration of a transceiver unit in a beamforming system, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step (1): Measure the amplitude and phase difference between two adjacent transceiver units (9) and (10) located in the same row connected to each coupler switch network in the beamforming system; The implementation process of step (1) is as follows: (1.1): Set the selection ports of switches (11), (12), (13), (14), (17), and (20) to ports 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1 respectively; (1.2): Set transceiver (9) to receive mode, set transceiver (7) to transmit mode, other transceivers are silent, set the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2 respectively, measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver (9) and transceiver (7) EBC1,EAC1 | 1,2,1,2 , and then set the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) to ports 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver (9) and transceiver (7) EBC1,EAC1 | 2,2,1,2 ; The transceiver unit (10) is set to receive mode, the transceiver unit (7) is set to transmit mode, other transceiver units are silent, the gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 1, 2, 1, 2 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (7) is measured EBC2,EAC1 | 1,2,1,2 , the gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 1, 2, 2, 1 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (7) is measured EBC2,EAC1 | 1,2,2,1 , the gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (7) is measured EBC2,EAC1 | 2,2,1,2 , the gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 2, 2, 2, 1 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (7) is measured EBC2,EAC1 | 2,2,2,1 ; Transceiver unit (9) is set to receive mode, transceiver unit (8) is set to transmit mode, other transceiver units are silent, the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 2, 1, 1, 2 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8) is measured EBC1,EAC2 | 2,1,1,2 , the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8) is measured EBC1,EAC2 | 2,2,1,2 , the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 2, 1, 2, 1 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8) is measured EBC1,EAC2 | 2,1,2,1 , the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 2, 2, 2, 1 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8) is measured EBC1,EAC2 | 2,2,2,1 ; The transceiver unit (10) is set to receive mode, the transceiver unit (8) is set to transmit mode, the other transceiver units are silent, the gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 2, 1, 1, 2 respectively, and the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (8) is measured EBC2,EAC2 | 2,1,1,2 The gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, and the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (8) is measured EBC2,EAC2 | 2,2,1,2 ; (1.3): Compute H EBC1,EAC1 sup1 EBC2,EAC1 sup1 EBC1,EAC2 sup1 EBC2,EAC2 sup1 :​​​​​​​ （1） （2） （3） （4） (1.4): Assuming that the transceiver unit (9) is numbered n1 and the transceiver unit (10) is numbered n1 + 1, the reception pattern difference coefficient DR is calculated using equations (1) (2) (3) (4) n1,n1+1 : （5） The phase difference PR and the magnitude difference MR between the transceiving unit (9) and the transceiving unit (10) in the receiving mode are respectively: n1,n1+1 and n1,n1+1 ​ （6） （7） (1.5): Set transceiver (9) to transmit mode, set transceiver (7) to receive mode, other transceivers are silent, set the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2 respectively, measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver (9) and transceiver (7) EAC1,EBC1 | 1,2,1,2 , again set the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) to ports 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver (9) and transceiver (7) EAC1,EBC1 | 2,2,1,2 ; The transceiver unit (10) is set to transmit mode, the transceiver unit (7) is set to receive mode, other transceiver units are silent, the gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 1, 2, 1, 2 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (7) is measured EAC1,EBC2 | 1,2,1,2 , the gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 1, 2, 2, 1 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (7) is measured EAC1,EBC2 | 1,2,2,1 , the gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (7) is measured EAC1,EBC2 | 2,2,1,2 , the gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to ports 2, 2, 2, 1 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (7) is measured EAC1,EBC2 | 2,2,2,1 ; Transceiver unit (9) is set to transmit mode, transceiver unit (8) is set to receive mode, other transceiver units are silent, the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to port 2, 1, 1, 2 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8) is measured EAC2,EBC1 | 2,1,1,2 , the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to port 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8) is measured EAC2,EBC1 | 2,2,1,2 , the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to port 2, 1, 2, 1 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8) is measured EAC2,EBC1 | 2,1,2,1 , the gating ports of switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to port 2, 2, 2, 1 respectively, the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (8) is measured EAC2,EBC1 | 2,2,2,1 ; The transceiver unit (10) is set to transmit mode, the transceiver unit (8) is set to receive mode, the other transceiver units are silent, the gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to port 2, 1, 1, 2 respectively, and the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (8) is measured EAC2,EBC2 | 2,1,1,2 The gating ports of the switches (15) (16) (18) (19) are set to port 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, and the transmission coefficient H between the transceiver unit (10) and the transceiver unit (8) is measured EAC2,EBC2 | 2,2,1,2 ; (1.6): Compute H EAC1,EBC1 sup2 EAC1,EBC2 sup2 EAC2,EBC1 sup2 EAC2,EBC2 sup2 :​​​​​​​ (8) (9) (10) (11) (1.7): Assuming that the transceiver unit (9) is numbered n1 and the transceiver unit (10) is numbered n1+1, the transmission mode difference coefficient DT is calculated using equations (8)(9)(10)(11). n1,n1+1 : （12） In transmit mode, the phase difference PT between transceiver unit (9) and transceiver unit (10) is... n1,n1+1 and amplitude difference MT n1,n1+1 They are respectively: （13） （14） In step (1), the amplitude and phase difference between two adjacent transceiver units (9) and (10) in the same row connected to each coupler switch network in the beamforming system is measured. Step (2): Measure the amplitude and phase difference between the two transceiver units (21) and (22) closest to the cascaded transmission line (6) in each coupler switch network of the beamforming system; The implementation process of step (2) is as follows: (2.1): Set the selection ports of switches (26), (29), (31), (32), and (34) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively; (2.2): Set transceiver unit (21) to receive mode, transceiver unit (23) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (23). EBC1,EAC1 | 2,1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (23). EBC1,EAC1 | 1,1,1,2,2 ; Set transceiver unit (22) to receive mode, transceiver unit (23) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EBC2,EAC1 | 2,1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EBC2,EAC1 | 2,2,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EBC2,EAC1 | 1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EBC2,EAC1 | 1,2,1,2,2 ; Set transceiver unit (21) to receive mode, transceiver unit (24) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selector ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EBC1,EAC2 | 1,1,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EBC1,EAC2 | 1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EBC1,EAC2 | 1,2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EBC1,EAC2 | 1,2,1,2,2 ; Set transceiver unit (22) to receive mode, transceiver unit (24) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (24). EBC2,EAC2 | 1,1,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (24). EBC2,EAC2 | 1,1,1,2,2 ; (2.3): Calculate H EBC1,EAC1 | sup3 H EBC2,EAC1 | sup3 H EBC1,EAC2 | sup3 H EBC2,EAC2 | sup3 : （15） （16） （17） （18） (2.4): Assuming that the transceiver unit (21) is numbered n2 and the transceiver unit (22) is numbered n2+1, the receiver mode difference coefficient DR is calculated using equations (15)(16)(17)(18). n2,n2+1 : （5） In receive mode, the phase difference PR between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (22) is... n2,n2+1 and amplitude difference MR n2,n2+1 for: （6） （7） (2.5): Set transceiver unit (21) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (23) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC1 | 2,1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC1 | 1,1,1,2,2 ; Set transceiver unit (22) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (23) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC2 | 2,1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC2 | 2,2,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC2 | 1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (23). EAC1,EBC2 | 1,2,1,2,2 ; Set transceiver unit (21) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (24) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC1 | 1,1,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC1 | 1,1,1,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC1 | 1,2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC1 | 1,2,1,2,2 ; Set transceiver unit (22) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (24) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to port 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC2 | 1,1,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (25), (27), (28), (30), and (33) to ports 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (22) and transceiver unit (24). EAC2,EBC2 | 1,1,1,2,2 ; (2.6): Calculate H EAC1,EBC1 | sup4 H EAC1,EBC2 | sup4 H EAC2,EBC1 | sup4 H EAC2,EBC2 | sup4 : （19） （20） （21） （22） (2.7): Assuming that the transceiver unit (21) is numbered n2 and the transceiver unit (22) is numbered n2+1, the transmission mode difference coefficient DT is calculated using equations (19)(20)(21)(22). n2,n2+1 （12） In transmit mode, the phase difference PT between transceiver unit (21) and transceiver unit (22) is... n2,n2+1 and amplitude difference MT n2,n2+1 They are respectively: （13） （14） In step (2), the amplitude and phase difference between the two transceiver units (21) and (22) closest to the cascaded transmission line (6) connected to each coupler switch network in the beamforming system is measured. Step (3): Measure the amplitude and phase difference between the two transceiver units (36) (38) closest to the same cascaded transmission line (6) in every two cascaded coupler switch networks of the beamforming system; The implementation process of step (3) is as follows: (3.1): Set the selection ports of switches (39), (40), (43), (44), (45), and (48) to ports 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 respectively; (3.2): Set transceiver unit (36) to receive mode, transceiver unit (35) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silence. Set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (35). EBC1,EAC1 | 1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (35). EBC1,EAC1 | 2,1,2,1 ; Set transceiver unit (38) to receive mode, transceiver unit (35) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EBC2,EAC1 | 1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EBC2,EAC1 | 1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EBC2,EAC1 | 2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EBC2,EAC1 | 2,2,2,2 ; Set transceiver unit (36) to receive mode, transceiver unit (37) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EBC1,EAC2 | 2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EBC1,EAC2 | 2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EBC1,EAC2 | 2,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EBC1,EAC2 | 2,2,2,2 ; Set transceiver unit (38) to receive mode, transceiver unit (37) to transmit mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (37). EBC2,EAC2 | 2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (37). EBC2,EAC2 | 2,1,2,1 ; (3.3): Calculate H EBC1,EAC1 | sup H EBC2,EAC1 | sup H EBC1,EAC2 | sup H EBC2,EAC2 | sup : （23） （24） （25） （26） (3.4): Assuming that the transceiver unit (36) is numbered n3 and the transceiver unit (38) is numbered n3+1, the receiver mode difference coefficient DR is calculated using equations (23)(24)(25)(26). n3,n3+1 （5） In receive mode, the phase difference PR between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (38) is... n3,n3+1 and amplitude difference MR n3,n3+1 They are respectively: （6） （7） (3.5): Set transceiver unit (36) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (35) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC1 | 1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC1 | 2,1,2,1 ; Set transceiver unit (38) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (35) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 1, 2, and 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC2 | 1,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 1, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC2 | 1,2,2,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC2 | 2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (35). EAC1,EBC2 | 2,2,2,2 ; Set transceiver unit (36) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (37) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC1 | 2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC1 | 2,1,2,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 1, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC1 | 2,2,1,2 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 2, 2, 2 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC1 | 2,2,2,2 ; Set transceiver unit (38) to transmit mode, transceiver unit (37) to receive mode, and other transceiver units to silent mode. Set the selector ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 1, 1, respectively. Measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC2 | 2,1,1,1 Then, set the selection ports of switches (41), (42), (46), and (47) to ports 2, 1, 2, and 1 respectively, and measure the transmission coefficient H between transceiver unit (38) and transceiver unit (37). EAC2,EBC2 | 2,1,2,1 ; (3.6): Calculate H EAC1,EBC1 | sup H EAC1,EBC2 | sup H EAC2,EBC1 | sup H EAC2,EBC2 | sup : （27） （28） （29） （30） (3.7): Assuming that the transceiver unit (36) is numbered n3 and the transceiver unit (38) is numbered n3+1, the transmission mode difference coefficient DT is calculated using equations (27)(28)(29)(30). n3,n3+1 （12） In transmit mode, the phase difference PT between transceiver unit (36) and transceiver unit (38) is... n3,n3+1 and amplitude difference MT n3,n3+1 They are respectively: （13） （14） In step (3), the amplitude and phase difference between the two transceiver units (36) (38) closest to the same cascaded transmission line (6) in every two cascaded coupler switch networks of the beamforming system is measured. Step (4): Calculate the amplitude and phase deviation of all transceiver units in the beamforming system, that is, the amplitude and phase difference of the transceiver unit relative to the reference transceiver unit; The implementation process of step (4) is as follows: Assuming the reference transceiver unit is numbered 1, the phase difference PR between two transceiver units, arbitrarily numbered n and n+1, in receive mode is calculated based on the measured phase difference PR. n,n+1 and amplitude difference MR n,n+1 The phase deviation PR between any transceiver unit numbered n and the reference transceiver unit in receive mode 1,n and amplitude deviation MR 1,n They are respectively: （31） （32） Based on the measured phase difference PT between the two transceiver units numbered n and n+1 in transmit mode. n,n+1 and amplitude difference MT n,n+1 The phase deviation PT between the transceiver unit numbered n and the reference transceiver unit in transmit mode. 1,n and amplitude deviation MT 1,n They are respectively （33） （34） Complete amplitude and phase self-calibration of all transceiver units.

2. An amplitude and phase self-calibration system for a beamforming system transceiver unit implementing the method of claim 1, characterized in that, This system incorporates several coupler switch networks into the beamforming system. Each coupler switch network includes couplers, switches, and matching resistors. Each transceiver unit in the beamforming system includes an antenna and a transceiver channel. Each coupler in the coupler switch network is connected to both the antenna and the transceiver channel. The coupler switch network is connected to two rows of transceiver units via couplers, connecting a total of 2×N transceiver units, where N is the number of transceiver units in a row. The coupler switch network has a periodic structure, allowing the size of N to be unlimited. M coupler switch networks are cascaded through 2M-2 cascaded transmission lines, connecting multiple rows of 2×N×M transceiver units. The M coupler switch networks are fabricated on a single PCB and cascaded using planar transmission lines, or fabricated on multiple PCBs and cascaded using cables, thereby achieving amplitude and phase self-calibration of the transceiver units.

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