An automatic stratified sampling device for forest surface combustible materials

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of forest combustible sampling, and more particularly to an automatic stratified sampling device for forest surface combustibles. The device is ingeniously designed, employing a grooving knife to dig grooves. A pressure sensor measures force changes during the grooving process, accurately detecting the boundary lines of each layer of combustibles. The sampling knife then performs precise stratified sampling, improving sampling accuracy and saving significant labor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of forest combustible material sampling, and in particular relates to an automatic layered sampling device for forest surface combustible materials. Background Art

[0002] Forest combustibles are the material basis for forest fires and a necessary condition for their occurrence. Against the backdrop of global climate change, the forest fire situation in my country is extremely severe. Forest combustibles are dry and highly flammable, leading to a high frequency of forest fires. Surface combustibles are the primary material condition for the occurrence and spread of forest fires, and surface fires initiated by surface combustibles are the primary cause of forest fires. Combustibles are primarily divided into three layers: the leaf litter layer, the semi-decayed layer, and the humus layer. Existing combustible material surveys primarily use manual methods to obtain elements such as the combustible load of the litter layer and the soil humus load, resulting in low efficiency and inaccurate stratification. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above-mentioned issues, the present invention designs an automatic stratified sampling device for forest floor combustibles to improve the accuracy and efficiency of combustible load extraction. The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0004] An automatic stratified sampling device for forest surface combustibles is characterized in that there is a square hole in the middle of the base 4, and four identical guide rails 34 are fixed on the base 4 at the four corners of the hole, and the guide rails on the left and right sides are respectively provided with identical crossbeams 14, and the lower surface of the crossbeam 14 is provided with a lifting fixed pulley 15; a lifting frame 1 is installed on the guide rail 34; a lifting motor 7 is installed at the front end of the base 4, and the main shaft of the lifting motor 7 is connected to the long shaft 6, and two identical driving sprockets 8 are installed at both ends of the long shaft 6, and the driving sprocket 8 is connected to two identical driven sprockets 10 installed on the left and right sides of the base 4 through a chain 9, and a lifting wire wheel 20 is installed on the shaft of the driven sprocket 10, and the lifting wire rope 16 on the lifting wire wheel 20 passes through the lifting fixed pulley 15 and the left and right sides of the lifting frame 1. The hook is connected; three identical double-pole columns 12 are fixed to the rear end of the base 4, and three identical grooving knife cross beams 13 are connected to the upper ends of the double-pole columns 12 through dovetail groove guide rails. The same grooving knife hydraulic cylinders 24 are fixed to one end of the grooving knife cross beam 13 on the left and right sides respectively, and a grooving knife lifting hydraulic cylinder 22 is installed at one end of the middle grooving knife cross beam 13. The two identical grooving knife hydraulic cylinders 24 are connected to the grooving knife 39 through the same pressure sensor 31, and the grooving knife lifting hydraulic cylinder 22 is directly connected to the grooving knife 39; a fixed shaft 3 is installed at the front end of the lifting frame 1, a rotating drum 5 is installed on the fixed shaft 3, and a sampling frame 2 is fixed on the rotating drum 5; the same grooving knife guide rails 32 are installed on the left and right sides of the rear end of the lifting frame 1 through dovetail groove guide rails, The grooving knife 39 is placed between the two grooving knife guide rails 32; a sampling curtain beam 40 is fixed to the rear end of the sampling frame 2, and a sampling drive pulley 25 is fixed to the upper surface of the sampling curtain beam 40. Two identical holes are drilled on the left and right sides of the sampling curtain beam 40, and two identical sampling curtain box fixing rods 17 are respectively passed through the holes. The lower end of the sampling curtain box fixing rod 17 is fixed with a sampling curtain box 29, and the sides of the holes are respectively screwed with sampling curtain box fixing rod fastening screws 30. The sampling curtain box 29 has a built-in sampling curtain 28; dovetail groove guide rails are installed on the left and right sides of the sampling frame 2, and a sampling knife beam 11 is installed between the two dovetail groove guide rails. A pull ring 21 is installed in the middle of the upper surface of the sampling knife beam 11, and holes are drilled at both ends of the sampling knife beam 11. A sampling knife fixing rod 18 is installed in the holes respectively, and a sampling knife fixing rod fastening screw 26 is screwed on the side of the hole respectively. A sampling knife 27 is installed at the lower end of the sampling knife fixing rod 18, and the rear end of the sampling knife 27 is connected to the sampling curtain 28; a lifting handle 23 is provided at the rear end of the sampling frame 2, and a sampling motor 19 is fixed to the front end of the sampling frame 2. The main shaft of the sampling motor 19 is connected to the rotating shaft 41, and a forward line wheel 37 and a backward line wheel 36 are installed on the rotating shaft 41. The forward line wheel 37 is fixed to the rotating shaft 41 through the forward line wheel pin 38, and the backward line wheel 36 is fixed to the rotating shaft 41 through the backward line wheel pin 35. The wire rope on the forward line wheel 37 is connected to the pull ring 21, and the wire rope on the backward line wheel 36 is connected to the pull ring 21 by passing through the sampling drive pulley 25.The grooving cutter 39 is a hollow structure, and has an irregular protrusion 33 at the lower end inside the cutter body.

[0005] The automatic layered sampling device for forest surface combustibles of the present invention is cleverly designed. It uses a grooving knife to dig grooves, and during the grooving process, a pressure sensor is used to measure the change in force, thereby accurately detecting the dividing line of each layer of combustibles. The sampling knife is used for accurate layered sampling, which improves the accuracy of sampling and saves a lot of manpower. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0007] Figure 2 A schematic side view of the grooving cutter of the present invention;

[0008] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sampling knife part of the present invention;

[0009] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the guide rail portion of the grooving cutter of the present invention;

[0010] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a grooving cutter according to the present invention;

[0011] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the double-rod column part of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sampling motor part of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0014] Place the base 4 in the area where combustible material sampling is required, and pull the lifting handle 23 to tilt the sampling frame 2 upward around the fixed axis 3. Slide three identical grooving knife crossbeams 13 along the dovetail groove guide rails at the upper ends of the double-rod columns 12. The grooving knife lifting hydraulic cylinder 22 and two identical grooving knife hydraulic cylinders 24 drive the grooving knife 39 to the position where the sampling knife 27 and sampling curtain box 29 are located when the sampling frame 2 is laid flat. Then, two identical grooving blade hydraulic cylinders 24 are controlled to press down the grooving blade 39. During this process, pressure sensors 31 record pressure changes in real time. The pressure generated by the grooving blade 39 cutting through different layers of combustible material varies, and the pressure sensors 31 show noticeable pressure changes. The controller records the position of the grooving blade 39 when the pressure changes significantly. When the grooving blade 39 reaches a sufficient depth, the grooving blade hydraulic cylinders 24 stop pressurizing and control the grooving blade lifting cylinder 22 to move upward, driving the grooving blade 39 upward. Because the grooving blade 39 is hollow and has an irregular protrusion 33 at the lower end of the blade body, friction and resistance prevent the soil inside the grooving blade 39 from falling out. When the grooving blade 39 is fully raised, a rectangular groove is formed beneath it. The three identical grooving blade crossbeams 13 are slid to return the grooving blade 39 to its initial position. The lifting handle 23 is pulled to rotate the sampling frame 2 downward about the fixed axis 3, returning it to a horizontal position. According to the positions of different combustible layers recorded by the controller just now, adjust the upper and lower positions of the sampling curtain box fixing rod 17 and the sampling knife fixing rod 18 at the same time, so that the sampling knife 27 and the sampling curtain box 29 enter the rectangular groove dug by the grooving knife 39 and reach the height of the first layer of sampling, tighten the sampling curtain box fixing rod fastening screws 30 and the sampling knife fixing rod fastening screws 26 to fix the sampling curtain box fixing rod 17 and the sampling knife fixing rod 18. Tighten the forward line wheel pin 38 to fix the forward line wheel 37 and the rotating shaft 41 together, pull out the backward line wheel pin 35, and the backward line wheel 36 and the rotating shaft 41 can produce relative sliding, control the sampling motor 19 to rotate, and then drive the forward line wheel 37 to rotate. The wire rope pulls the pull ring 21, so that the sampling knife beam 11 moves forward along the dovetail groove guide rail inside the sampling frame 2, and then drives the sampling knife 27 forward through the sampling knife fixing rod 18. The sampling knife 27 pulls the sampling curtain 28 out of the sampling curtain box 29 until the sampling knife 27 moves to the front end of the sampling frame 2, and the sampled soil layer is divided above the sampling curtain 28. Loosen the sampling curtain box fixing rod fastening screw 30 and the sampling knife fixing rod fastening screw 26, adjust the position of the sampling curtain box fixing rod 17 and the sampling knife fixing rod 18 upward, move the sampling knife 27 and the sampling curtain box 29 upward, and then move the sampling curtain 28 upward until the sampling curtain 28 and the sampling frame 2 form a closed space, tighten the sampling curtain box fixing rod fastening screw 30 and the sampling knife fixing rod fastening screw 26.The lifting motor 7 is rotated, and the two identical driving sprockets 8 and chains 9 installed at both ends of the long shaft 6 drive the two driven sprockets 10 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the two lifting pulleys 20 to rotate, and the lifting frame 1 is driven to move upward through the lifting wire rope 16. At the same time, the sampling frame 2 and the sampled soil layer in the lifting frame 1 also move upward synchronously. When they move to a certain height, the lifting motor 7 stops rotating. At this time, the lifting handle 23 is pulled to make the sampling frame 2 flip upward around the fixed axis 3, and the sampled soil layer on the sampling curtain 28 will be dumped from the front end of the sampling frame 2 into the sampling bag. Then, the lifting handle 23 is pulled to make the sampling frame 2 flip back around the fixed axis 3, so that the sampling frame 2 returns to a horizontal state. The lifting motor 7 is reversed, and under the action of its own weight, the lifting frame 1 moves downward and returns to its initial position. Pull out the forward line wheel pin 38, so that the forward line wheel 37 and the rotating shaft 41 slide relative to each other, insert the backward line wheel pin 35, so that the backward line wheel 36 and the rotating shaft 41 are fixed together, control the sampling motor 19 to rotate, drive the backward line wheel 36 to rotate, and the wire rope passes around the sampling drive pulley 25 to pull the pull ring 21, so that the sampling knife beam 11 moves backward along the dovetail groove guide rail inside the sampling frame 2, and then drives the sampling knife 27 to move backward through the sampling knife fixing rod 18. The sampling curtain 28 is rolled back into the sampling curtain box 29 by the internal elastic force until the sampling knife beam 11 returns to the initial position, the sampling motor 19 stops rotating, and the sampling of the first layer of combustibles is completed. According to the position of the combustible layer recorded by the controller, the upper and lower positions of the sampling curtain box fixing rod 17 and the sampling knife fixing rod 18 are adjusted at the same time, so that the sampling knife 27 and the sampling curtain box 29 enter the rectangular groove dug by the grooving knife 39 and reach the height of the second layer of sampling. Repeat the above sampling process to carry out the second layer of sampling, and repeat this cycle until all combustible material sampling is completed.

Claims

1. An automatic stratified sampling device for forest surface combustibles, characterized in that: There is a square hole in the middle of the base (4), and four identical guide rails (34) are fixed on the base (4) at the four corners of the hole. The guide rails on the left and right sides are respectively provided with identical crossbeams (14), and the lower surface of the crossbeam (14) is provided with a lifting fixed pulley (15); a lifting frame (1) is installed on the guide rail (34); a lifting motor (7) is installed at the front end of the base (4), and the main shaft of the lifting motor (7) is connected to the long shaft (6). Two identical driving sprockets (8) are installed at both ends of the long shaft (6), and the driving sprocket (8) is connected to two identical driven sprockets (10) installed on the left and right sides of the base (4) through a chain (9). The shaft of the driven sprocket (10) is provided with a The lifting wire rope (16) on the lifting wire rope (20) passes through the lifting fixed pulley (15) and is connected to the hooks on the left and right sides of the lifting frame (1); the rear end of the base (4) is fixed with three identical double-rod columns (12), the upper ends of the double-rod columns (12) are connected with three identical grooving knife beams (13) through dovetail groove guide rails, and the grooving knife beams (13) on the left and right sides are respectively fixed with identical grooving knife hydraulic cylinders (24), and the middle grooving knife beam (13) is installed with a grooving knife lifting hydraulic cylinder (22) at one end. The two identical grooving knife hydraulic cylinders (24) are respectively connected to the grooving knife ( 39), the groove cutter lifting hydraulic cylinder (22) is directly connected to the groove cutter (39), and controls two identical groove cutter hydraulic cylinders (24) to press the groove cutter (39). During the pressing process, the pressure sensor (31) records the pressure change in real time. The pressure generated by the groove cutter (39) cutting different combustible layers is different. The pressure sensor (31) shows obvious pressure changes, and the controller records the position of the groove cutter (39) when the pressure changes significantly. The front end of the lifting frame (1) is equipped with a fixed shaft (3), the fixed shaft (3) is equipped with a rotating drum (5), and the rotating drum (5) is fixed with a sampling frame (2); the left and right sides of the rear end of the lifting frame (1) are respectively connected with the fixed shaft (3), the rotating drum (5) is connected with the sampling frame (2); The same grooving knife guide rail (32) is installed through the dovetail groove guide rail, and the grooving knife (39) is placed between the two grooving knife guide rails (32); a sampling curtain beam (40) is fixed to the rear end of the sampling frame (2), a sampling driving pulley (25) is fixed to the upper surface of the sampling curtain beam (40), two identical holes are drilled on the left and right sides of the sampling curtain beam (40), two identical sampling curtain box fixing rods (17) are respectively passed through the holes, and a sampling curtain box (29) is fixed to the lower end of the sampling curtain box fixing rod (17), and a sampling curtain box (28) is built into the sampling curtain box (29);Dovetail groove guide rails are installed on the left and right sides of the sampling frame (2), a sampling knife crossbeam (11) is installed between the two dovetail groove guide rails, a pull ring (21) is installed in the middle of the upper surface of the sampling knife crossbeam (11), holes are drilled at both ends of the sampling knife crossbeam (11), sampling knife fixing rods (18) are installed in the holes, and sampling knife fixing rod fastening screws (26) are screwed on the sides of the holes, a sampling knife (27) is installed at the lower end of the sampling knife fixing rod (18), and the sampling knife The rear end of the sampling frame (27) is connected to the sampling curtain (28); the rear end of the sampling frame (2) is provided with a lifting handle (23), the front end of the sampling frame (2) is fixed with a sampling motor (19), the main shaft of the sampling motor (19) is connected with a rotating shaft (41), and a forward line wheel (37) and a backward line wheel (36) are installed on the rotating shaft (41), the forward line wheel (37) is fixed to the rotating shaft (41) by a forward line wheel pin (38), and the backward line wheel (36) is fixed to the rotating shaft (41) by a backward line wheel pin The nail (35) is fixed to the rotating shaft (41), the wire rope on the forward line wheel (37) is connected to the pull ring (21), and the wire rope on the backward line wheel (36) is passed around the sampling drive pulley (25) and connected to the pull ring (21). According to the different combustible layer positions recorded by the controller, the upper and lower positions of the sampling curtain box fixing rod (17) and the sampling knife fixing rod (18) are adjusted at the same time, so that the sampling knife (27) and the sampling curtain box (29) enter the groove knife (39) to dig The sampling knife (27) is driven forward by the sampling knife fixing rod (18) to move the sampling knife (27) forward, and the sampling knife (27) is pulled forward by the sampling knife fixing rod (18) to extend the sampling curtain (28) from the sampling curtain box (29) until the sampling knife (27) moves to the front end of the sampling frame (2), and the sampled soil layer is divided above the sampling curtain (28).

2. The automatic stratified sampling device for forest floor combustibles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grooving cutter (39) is a hollow structure, and has an irregular protrusion (33) at the lower end inside the cutter body.

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